Solid State

1. An element with density 11.2 g cm-3 forms a fcc lattice with edge length of 4 x10-8 cm.
Calculate the atomic mass of the element.(given : NA = 6.022 X 1023 mol-1) .

2. Iron has a body-centred cubic unit cell with a cell edge of 286.65 pm. The density of
iron is 7.87 g cm−3. Use this information to calculate Avogadro’s number. (Fe=56)

3. An element has a body-centred cubic structure with a cell edge of 288 pm. The density
of the element is 7.2 g cm−3. Calculate the number of atoms presents in 208 g of the
element.

4. Aluminium metal forms a cubic close-packed crystal structure. Its atomic radius is
125 x 10 -12 m.
(a) Calculate the length of the side of the unit cell.
(b) How many such unit cells are there in 1.00 m3 of aluminium?

5. Calculate the density of silver which crystallises in the face-centred cubic structure.
The distance between the nearest silver atoms in this structure is 287 pm.

6. Answer the following:

a. Which point defect in crystals of a solid decreases the density of the solid?
b. Which point defect in crystals does not affect the density of the relevant solid?
c. Which makes a better permanent magnet either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic & why?
d. Frenkel defects are not found in alkali metal halides.
e. Schottky defects lower the density of related solids.
f. What makes alkali metal halides sometimes coloured, which are otherwise colourless?
g. Old civilization buildings have some milky appearance.
h. Crystalline solids are anisotropic in nature’. What does this statement mean?

7. What is semiconductor? Describe the two main types of semiconductors and explain
mechanisms for their conduction.

8. What makes a glass different from a solid such as quartz? Under what conditions
quartz could be converted into glass?

9. Silver crystallises in fcc lattice. If edge length of the cell is 4.07 × 10−8 cm and density
is 10.5 g cm−3, calculate the atomic mass of silver.

10. Niobium crystallises in body-centred cubic structure. If density is 8.55 g cm−3,

calculate atomic radius of niobium using its atomic mass 93 u.

11. If the radius of the octahedral void is r and radius of the atoms in close packing is R,
derive relation between r and R.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 1
12. Analysis shows that nickel oxide has the formula Ni0.98O1.00. What fractions of nickel
exist as Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions?

13. Ferric oxide crystallises in a hexagonal close-packed array of oxide ions with two out
of every three octahedral holes occupied by ferric ions. Derive the formula of the ferric
oxide.

14. If NaCl is doped with 10−3 mol % of SrCl2, what is the concentration of cationic
vacancies?

15. Explain the following with suitable examples:

(i) Ferromagnetism
(ii)Paramagnetism
(iii)Ferrimagnetism
(iv)Antiferromagnetism

16. Explain the following terms with suitable examples:

(i) Schottky defect (ii) Frenkel defect
(iii) Interstitial defect (iv) F-centres

17. Classify each of the following as being either a p-type or an n-type semiconductor:
(i) Ge doped with In (ii) B doped with Si.

18. An element with molar mass 2.7 × 10-2 kg mol-1 forms a cubic unit cell with edge
length 405 pm. If its density is 2.7 × 103 kg m−3, what is the nature of the cubic unit cell?

19. In metal oxide X occupy 2/3rd of tetrahedral voids and Y occupy 1/3rd of octahedral
voids. Find out the molecular formula.

20. The density of copper metal is 8.95 g cm−3. If the radius of copper atom is 127.8 pm,
is the copper unit cell a simple cubic, a body-centred cubic or a face centred cubic
structure? (Given: At. Mass of Cu = 63.54 g mol−1 and NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1).

Solutions
1. State Henry’s law and mention some important applications?
2. What is meant by positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law and how is the
sign of ΔsolH related to positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law?

3. What role does the molecular interaction play in a solution of alcohol and water?
4. What are azeotropes? Explain minimum and maximum boiling azeotropes.
5. Explain Van’t Hoff factor and abnormal molar mass.
6. Among molarity and molality which one is preferred and why?
7. What are colligative properties. How can you say that osmotic pressure is a colligative
poperty?

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 2
8. Mention the effect of a cell in hypertonic, hypotonic and in Isotonic solution.

9. An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the

normal boiling point of the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute?

10. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and 200
g of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of the solution is 1.072 g
mL−1, then what shall be the molarity of the solution?

11. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C-C6H8O6) to be dissolved in 75 g of

acetic acid to lower its melting point by 1.5°C. Kf = 3.9 K kg mol−1.

12. Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63°C. How much sucrose is to be added to
500 g of water such that it boils at 100°C. Molal elevation constant for water is 0.52 K kg
mol−1.

13. Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg. 50 g of urea (NH2CONH2) is
dissolved in 850 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution and
its relative lowering.
14. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at
350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm
Hg. Also find the composition of the vapour phase.

15. H2S is a toxic gas with rotten egg like smell, is used for the qualitative analysis. If the
solubility of H2S in water at STP is 0.195 m. calculate Henry’s law constant.

16. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol−1) which should be
dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.

17. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K.
Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is
273.15 K.

18. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of
4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of the solution is 1.52 bars at the same temperature, what
would be its concentration?

19. Calculate the mass of compound ( molar mass= 256 g mol-1) to be dissolved in 75 g
of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf=5.12 K kg mol-1).

20. 19.5 g of CH2FCOOH is dissolved in 500 g of water. The depression in the freezing
point of water observed is 1.0°C. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation
constant of fluoroacetic acid (Kf = 1.86 K kg mol−1).

21. 1.0 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH) is heated to its

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 3
boiling point. The solution has the boiling point of 100.18oC. Determine the
van’t hoff factor for trichloroacetic acid.(Kb for water =0.512 K kg mol-1)

22. Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its
osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27°C.

23. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K2SO4

in 2 liter of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.

24. What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it dissolved in 24.0 g of
Chloroform from a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04oC. the boiling point
of chloroform is 61.7oC and the boiling point elevation constant , Kb for
Chloroform is 3.63 K kg mol-1 .

25. How many mL of 0.1 M HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixture of
Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 containing equimolar amounts of both?

26. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing

point of 1.62 K. Calculate the van’t hoff factor and predict the nature of solute
(associated or dissociated) Kf for benzoic acid is 4.9 Kkg/mol.

Electrochemistry

Q1:-State Kohlrausch law. Give Expression for molar conductivity of acetic acid ,
sodium acetate as per law..
Q2:- Cell potential for mercury cell doesn’t change through out of its life.
Q3:-A voltaic cell is set up at 25oC with the following half-cells:- Al|Al3+ (0.001 M) and
Ni|Ni2+(0.50 M) Calculate the cell voltage [Eo Ni2+/Ni = -0.25 V, Eo Al3+/Al= -1.66 V].
Q4:- A copper-silver cell is set up. The copper ion concentration is 0.10 M. The
concentration of silver ion is not known. The cell potential when measured was 0.4222 V.
Determine the concentration of silver ions in the cell.
(Given:- EoAg+/Ag = + 0.80 V, EoCu2+/Cu=+0.34 V).
Q5:- The conductivity of 0.001028 mol L-1 acetic acid is 4.95x10-5 scm-1.
Calculate its dissociation constant if for acetic acid is 390.5 s cm2mol-1.
Q6:- The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L−1 methanoic acid is
46.1 S cm2 mol−1. Calculate its degree of dissociation and dissociation constant.
Given λ °(H+)= 349.6 S cm2 mol−1 and λ °(HCOO−) = 54.6 S cm2 mol−1.
Q7:- Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid is 7.896 × 10−5 S cm−1. Calculate its molar
conductivity and if for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm2 mol−1, what is its dissociation
constant?

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 4
Q8:- Write the chemistry of recharging the lead storage battery, highlighting all the
materials that are involved during recharging.
Q9:- Explain how rusting of iron is envisaged as setting up of an electrochemical cell.
Q10:- In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction
takes place:
Zn(s) + Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) → Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2OH−(aq)
Determine and for the reaction.
Q11:- Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte.
Discuss their variation with concentration.
Q12:- Three electrolytic cells A,B,C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and CuSO4,
respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed through
them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the current
flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?

Q13. Calculate the emf of the following cell @ 25o C:

Fe/Fe2+(0.001M)// H+(0.001M)/H2(g)(1bar)/Pt(s)
Eo(Fe2+/Fe) = - 0.44 V, Eo(H+/H2)=0.00 V

Chemical Kinetics
1. The half-life for radioactive decay of 14C is 5730 years. An archaeological artifact
containing wood had only 80% of the 14C found in a living tree. Estimate the age of the
sample.
2. Derive expression for rate constant for 1st order reaction.
3. Show that in a first order reaction, time required for completion of 99.9% is 10 times
of half life of the reaction.
4. A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15x10−3 s−1. How long will 5 g of this
reactant take to reduce to 3 g?
5. Explain effective collision & collision frequency.
6. Mention the difference between order and molecularity.
7. Explain order of reaction. Find out unit for rate constant for 2nd order and half order
reaction.
8. Explain pseudo first order reaction with examples.
9. The rate of a particular reaction triples when temperature change from 50OC to 100OC
Calculate the activation energy of the reaction. [ given: log 3 = 0.4771,R=8.314 JK-1 mol-
1
.

10. A reaction is of first order in reactant A and of second order in reactant B. How is the
arte of this reaction affected when (i)
the concentration of B alone is increased to three times.
(ii) The concentrations of A as well as B are doubled?

11. Distinguish between ‘rate expression’ and ‘rate constant’ of a reaction.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 5
12. The decomposition of NH3 on platinum surface is zero order reaction. What are the
rates of production of N2 and H2 if k = 2.5 × 10−4 mol−1 L s−1?

13. What is the effect of temperature on the rate constant of a reaction? How can this
temperature effect on rate constant be represented quantitatively?

14. During nuclear explosion, one of the products is 90Sr with half-life of 28.1 years. If
1μg of 90Sr was absorbed in the bones of a newly born baby instead of calcium, how
much of it will remain after 10 years and 60 years if it is not lost metabolically.

15. For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is twice the
time required for the completion of 90% of reaction.

16. For the reaction 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 🡪 2NOCl(g) the following data were collected. All
the measurements were taken at 263 K:

(i) Write the expression for rate law.

(ii) Calculate the value of rate constant and specify its units.
(iii) What is the initial rate of disappearance of Cl2 in exp. 4?

Experiment Initial [NO] (M) Initial [Cl2] (M) Initial rate of disappearance
No. of Cl2 (M/min)

1 0.15 0.15 0.60

2 0.15 0.30 1.20
3 0.30 0.15 2.40
4 0.25 0.25 ?

17. A first order reaction takes 30 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time
required for 90% completion of this reaction.

18. In a reaction between A and B, the initial rate of reaction (r0) was measured for
different initial concentrations of A and B as given below:
A/ mol L−1 0.20 0.20 0.40
B/ mol L −1
0.30 0.10 0.05
r0/ mol L−1 s−1 5.07 × 10−5 5.07 × 10−5 1.43 × 10−4
What is the order of the reaction with respect to A and B?

19. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of
SO2Cl2 at a constant volume.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 6
 Experiment Time/s−1 Total pressure/atm
1 0 0.5
2 100 0.6
Calculate the rate of the reaction when total pressure is 0.65 atm.

Surface Chemistry

1. Why is it necessary to remove CO when ammonia is obtained by Haber’s process?

2. Why the ester hydrolysis is slow in the beginning and becomes faster after sometime?
3. What is the difference between physisorption and chemisorption?
4. Give reason why a finely divided substance is more effective as an adsorbent.
5. What is an adsorption isotherm? Describe Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
6. Why is adsorption always exothermic?
7. What are lyophilic and lyophobic sols? Give one example of each type. Why are
hydrophobic sols easily coagulated? Which one is more stable and why?
8. What is the difference between multimolecular and macromolecular colloids? Give
one example of each. How are associated colloids different from these two types of
colloids?
9. What are enzymes? Write in brief the mechanism of enzyme catalysis.
10. Explain what is observed
(i) When a beam of light is passed through a colloidal sol.
(ii) An electrolyte, NaCl is added to hydrated ferric oxide sol.
(iii) Electric current is passed through a colloidal sol?
11. What are emulsions? What are their different types? Give example of each type.
12. What is demulsification? Name two demulsifiers.
13. What do you mean by activity and selectivity of catalysts?
14. What is shape selective catalysis?
15. Explain the following terms:
(i) Electrophoresis (ii) Coagulation (iii) Dialysis (iv) Tyndall effect (v) Electro-
osmosis
16. Explain the terms with suitable examples:

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 7
 (i) Alcosol (ii) Aerosol (iii) Hydrosol
17. Comment on the statement that “colloid is not a substance but a state of substance”.
18. Explain reversible and irreversible colloids.
19. Explain adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis.
20. What is meant by coagulation of a colloidal solution? Describe briefly any three
methods by which coagulation of lyophobic sols can be carried out?
21. Explain homogenous and hetrogenous catalysis with example.
22. What causes Brownian movement in a colloid? What is its effect in a colloid?
23. Explain the following:-
(i) Sky appears blue in colour.
(ii) Lyophilic colloid is more stable than lyophobic colloid
(iii) Cottrell smoke precipitator
(iv) Electrokinetic potential and Helholmtz electrical double layer
24. Mention various application of adsorption.
25. Mention Freundlich adsorption isotherm with graph.
26. Give one example each of lyophobic sol and Lyophilic sol .

27. (i) In reference to Freundlich adsorption isotherm write the expression for adsorption
of gases on solids in the form of an equation.
(ii) Write an important characteristic of Lyophilic sols.
(iii) Based on type of particles of dispersed phase, give one example each of
associated colloid and multimolecular colloid.
(iv) Leather gets hardened after tanning.
(v) Out of BaCl2 and KCl, which one is more effective in causing coagulation of a
negatively charged colloidal sol? Give reason.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 8
 General principles of isolation of metals

1. What is the significance of leaching in the extraction of aluminium?

2. Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain.
3. What is the role of depressant in froth floatation process?
4. Out of C and CO, which is a better reducing agent at 673 K?
5. Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace
during the extraction of iron.
6. Giving examples, differentiate between ‘roasting’ and ‘calcination’.
7. How is ‘cast iron’ different from ‘pig iron”?
8. Why copper matte is put in silica lined converter?
9. What is the role of cryolite or Flourspar in the metallurgy of aluminium?
10. Why is zinc not extracted from zinc oxide through reduction using CO?
11. Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods:
(i) Zone refining
(ii) Electrolytic refining
(iii) Vapour phase refining

12. What is the role of depressant in froth floatation process?

13. Is it true that under certain conditions, Mg can reduce SiO2 and Si can reduce
MgO? What are those conditions?
14. Explain Hall-Heroult process.
15. What are the necessary condition for vapour phase refining
16. Mention Mond process for refining of nickel.
17. Mention Van Arkel method for refining of Zr and Ti.
18. Mention the role of KCN or NaCN in extraction of silver and Gold.
19. Explain froth flotation process.
20. How will you separate two different sulphide ores.
21. During electrolysis of alumina anode need to be changed time to time, explain!
22. What is Ellingham diagram? Mention its limitation.
23. What is the composition of copper matte.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 9
 24. Explain column chromatography for purification of rare elements.
25. Mention the role of Zinc in silver.
26. Explain the role of silica (SiO2) in extraction of copper.
27. Mention different types of iron?
28. Indicate the principle behind the method used for refining of Zinc.

d & f block Elements

1. Transition elements have high enthalpy of atomisation. Explain!

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 10
2. There is a greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than that in the
lanthanoid.
3. Cobalt (II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of strong ligands it is
easily oxidized. (Co=27).
4. What is lanthanoid contraction? Mention its main consequences.
5. The Eo value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+.
6. There is in general an increase in density of element from titanium to copper. (Z=29).
7. With the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Cr2+ ion is a reducing agent but Mn3+ ion is
an oxidizing agent.
8. Transition metals from compounds which are usually colored.
9. Transition elements and their compounds are generally found to be good catalysts in
chemical reactions.
10. The atomic radii of the metals of the third (5d) series of transition elements are
virtually the same as those of the corresponding members of the second (4d) series.
11. Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous solution.
12. Which metal in the first transition series (3d series) exhibits +1 oxidation state most
frequently and why?
13. The greatest number of oxidation states is exhibited by the members in the middle of
a transition series.
14. Actinoids contraction is larger than lanthanoids. Explain!
15. Zn/Cd/Hg is not regarded as transition element.
16. Transition element form interstitial and complex compound.
17. How potassium dichromate is obtained from chromite ore.
18. Chromate ion and dichromate ions are interconvertible explain and draw their
diagrams.
19. The d1 configuration is very unstable in ions?
20. Transition elements show variable oxidation state, explain!
21. Among Fe2+ and Cr2+ which one better reducing agent and why?
22. Balance the following reactions:-
(i) MnO4- + S2O32- +H2O ---🡪
(ii) Cr2O72- + H2S + H+ ---🡪
(iii) Cr2O72- + C2O42- ------------🡪
(iv) MnO4- + SO32- ---------------🡪
(v) MnO4- + NO2- ---------------🡪

P –Block Elements

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 11
 1. PF6- exists but NF6- doesn’t.
2. NH3 is stronger base than PH3.
3. Colour of halogens get deepens as we go down the group.
4. High concentration of ozone is dangerously explosive.
5. Why xenon forms no. of compounds.
6. Why pentahalides are more covalent than trihalides.
7. Why does NO2dimerises.
8. Why BiH3 is strongest reducing agent among hydrides of group 15th.
9. F has lower electron gain enthalpy than Cl.
10. Among hexahalides only hexaflourides are stable in case of group 16th.
11. Sulphur shows paramagnetic behaviour in gaseous state.
12. ICl is more reactive than Cl2.
13. HCl with powdered Fe forms FeCl2 not FeCl3, why?
14. The molecules NH3 and NF3 have dipole moments which are of opposite direction.
15. All the bound in PCl5 molecule are not equivalent.
16. NF3 is an exothermic compound but NCl3 is endothermic compound.
17. ClF3 molecule has a T-shaped structure and not a trigonal planar one.
18. The stability of +5 oxidation state decreases down the group in group 15 of the
periodic table.
19. Halogens are strong oxidizing agents.
20. Bond dissociation energy of F2 is less than that of Cl2.
21. Fluorine does not exhibit any positive oxidation state.
22. In which one of the two structure NO2+and NO2-, the bound angle has a higher
value?
23.The N-O bond in NO2 - is shorter than N-O bond in NO3.-
24. SF6 is kinetically an inert substance.
25. Sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than oxygen.
26. Draw the structure of white phosphorus and red phosphorus. Which one of these
two types of phosphorus is more reactive and why?
27. Solid phosphorus pentachloride behaves as an ionic compound.
28. SF4 is easily hydrolysed whereas SF6 is not easily hydrolysed.
29. In the structure of HNO3 molecules, the N-O bond (121 pm) is shorter than N-OH
bond (140 pm.).
30. What is the covalency of nitrogen in N2O5?
31. How the supersonic jet aeroplanes are responsible for the depletion of ozone layer?
32. Acidic character increases from HF to HI.
33. Nitrogen doesn’t form pentahalides?
34. Explain basicity of various oxo acids of phosphorus.

35. Predict the shape and the bond angle (90o or more or less) in each of the following
cases: (i) CO32- and the angle O-C-O.
(ii) ClF3 and the angle F-Cl-F

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 12
 (iii) XeF2 and the angle F-Xe-F.

36. Complete the following:

(a) XeF4 + H2O ----🡪

(b) XeF6 + 2H2O --🡪
(c) H3PO3 ---Heat --🡪
(d) C +HNO3 ------🡪
(e) S8 + HNO3 -----🡪
(f) I2 + HNO3 ----🡪
(g) P4 + SO2Cl2 ---🡪
(h) P4 + SOCl2 ----🡪
(i) NaOH (Cold and Dil) + Cl2 -🡪
(j) NaOH (Hot & conc) +Cl2 -🡪
(k) NH3 (excess) + Cl2 --🡪
(l) NH3 + Cl2 (excess) ---🡪
(m) Ca3P2 + HCl------🡪
(n) Zn + HNO3(dil) ------🡪
(o) Zn + HNO3 (conc) ------🡪
(p) Cu + HNO3 (Conc) ------🡪
(q) Cu + HNO3 (Dil) ------🡪
(r) XeF4 + SbF5 ------🡪
(s) XeF2+ PF5 ------🡪

37. Draw the structure of following compounds:

(a) H3PO3 (b) XeOF4 (c) XeO3 (d) XeF2 (e) HClO3 (f) H2S2O7 (g) H4P2O7 (h) ClF3

38. Among PH3 and PH4+ which one has higher bond angle and why?
39. NH3 has larger bond angle than PH3.
40. Anhydrous AlCl3 act as a catalyst.
41. SnCl2 is a reducing agent.
42. WHW orthophosphorous acid is heated.
43. P is much more reactive than N.
44. Phosphonic (hypophosphorous acid ) is monobasic.
45. Which one of PCl+4 and PCl-4 is not likely to exist and why?
46. Arrange the following in increasing order of their
(i) F2,Cl2, Br2, I2 (Bond dissociation enthalpy)
(ii) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 (Boiling point)
(iii)HF, HCl, HBr, HI (Acidic character)
(iv) NaF, NaCl, NaBr, NaI (Ionic character)
(v) HOCl, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4 (Acidic character)
(vi) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 (Reducing property)
(vii) O, S, F, Cl (Electron gain enthalpy)
Co-ordination compounds
1. Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 13
 (a) [Co(NH3)3Cl3]
(b) K3[Fe(CN)6]
(c) [CoBr2(en)2]+
(d) [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4
(e) [Co(en)3]3+
(f) [Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)]
(g) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
(h) Ni(CO)4
(i) [Co(NH3)4 (H2O)Cl]Cl2
(j) [CrCl2(en)2]Cl

2. Write the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes:

(a) [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4
(b) [Co(en)3]3+
(c) [Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6]
(d) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]

3. Write the name, the structure and the magnetic behaviour of each one of the
following complexes:
(i) Pt(NH3)2Cl(NO2)] (ii) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl (iii) Ni(CO)4
(iv) K4[Mn(CN)6} (v) [Co(NH3)5 Cl]Cl2 (vi) K2[Ni(CN)4]
(At. nos. Co=27, Ni=28, Pt=78)

4. (a)What is ligand? Give one example of bidentate ligand.

(b)Explain as to how the two complexes of nickel, [Ni(CN)4]2- and [Ni (CO)4]
have different structure but do not differ in their magnetic behavior. (Ni=28).

5. For the complex [Fe(en)2(Cl2] Cl, identify the following :

(i) Oxidation number of iron.
(ii) Hybrid orbitals and shape of the complex.
(iii) Magnetic behaviour of the complex.
(iv) Number of its geometrical isomers.
(v) Whether there may be optical isomer also.
(vi) Name of the complex.

6. State a reason for each of the following situations:

(i) Co2+ is easily oxidized to Co3+ in presence of a strong ligand.
(ii) CO is a stronger complexing reagent then NH3.
(iii) The molecular shape of Ni(CO)4 is not the same as that of [Ni(CN)4]2-.

7. Give the formula of each of the following coordination entities :

(a) Co3+ ion is bound to one Cl-, one NH3 molecules and two bidentate ethylene
diamine (en) molecules

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 14
 (b) Ni2+ ion is bound to two water molecules and two oxalate ions.
Write the name and magnetic behaviour of each the above coordination entities.

8. Compare the following complexes with respect to their shape, magnetic behaviour
and the hybrid orbitals involved:-
(i) [CoF6]3- (ii) [Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2]-

9. Mention all different isomerism with one example each.

10. Explain spectrochemical series and its significance.

11. Explain the following

a. Explain on the basis of valence bond theory that [Ni(CN)4]2− ion with
squarplanar structure is diamagnetic and the [NiCl4]2− ion with tetrahedral
geometry is paramagnetic.
b. [NiCl4]2− is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are
tetrahedral. Why?
c. [Fe(H2O)6]3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]3− is weakly
paramagnetic. Explain.
d. Explain [Co(NH3)6]3+ is an inner orbital complex whereas [Ni(NH3)6]2+ is an
outer orbital complex.

12. Explain homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes with examples.

13. Explain co-ordination entity and metal carbonyl bonding.

14. On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration of d4 ion if
Δo < P and Δo > P.

Haloalkanes & Haloarenes

1. Explain chirality, racemic modification and enantiomers with example.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 15
2. The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of
alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are major products. Explain.

3. Reaction of alkyl halide with KCN yields alkyl cyanide however with AgCN yields
alkyl isocyanide explain.

4. Explain DDT. How it is manufactured?

5. Why chloroform is stored in dark coloured bottle and it is filled till neck?

6. Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?

7. Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?

(i) CH2Cl2
(ii) CHCl3
(iii) CCl4

8. A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single
monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight. Identify the hydrocarbon.

9. What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.

10. Explain why

(i) the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexyl chloride?
(ii) alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water?
(iii) Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?
(iv) n- butyl bromide has higher boiling point than t-butyl bromide?

11. Write the mechanism of the following reaction:

12. Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 isplacement:
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 3-Bromo-2- methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-
3-methylbutane.

13. p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. and lower solubility than those of o- and
m-isomers, explain.

14. Haloarenes are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction, explain.

15. Haloalkanes easily dissolve in organic solvents, why?

16. Give the IUPAC name of the following compound

(a) CH=CH-CH2Br

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 16
 |
CH3
(b)

(c) CH3-CH-CH2-CH=CH
|
Cl

17. Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is ortho-, para-directing in

Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Explain why it is so?

18. NO2 shows its effect only at o-&p- positions toward Electrophilic substitution.

19. Mention the difference of halogenation of haloalkane and haloarenes.

20. Draw the structure of major monohalo product in each of the following:
(a)

(b)

21. Write the structure of the following?

a. 1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene

b. 1−Chloro−4−(2−methylpropyl) benzene

c. 1−Chloromethyl−3−(2, 2−dimethylpropyl) benzene

d. 1−Bromo−3, 3−dimethyl−1−phenylbutane

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 17
 Alcohol, Phenol & Ethers
(a) How would you account for the following
a. Phenols are much more acidic than alcohols.
b. Primary alkyl halides are preferred for Williamson’s synthesis. What happens
when tertiary halides are used?
c. When vapours of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are passed over
heated copper @ 573K.
d. Reimer Tiemann’s reaction and Kolbe’s electrolytic method
e. Formation of aspirin
f. Friedel craft’s reaction for anisole
g. Boiling point of ether is lower than alcohols.
h. williamson’s synthesis
i. o-nitrophenol is more steam volatile than p-nitrophenol, explain!
j. In methoxymethane why bond angle becomes 111.7
k. In phenol C-O bond is shorter.
l. Acetylation of salicylic acid

(b) Mention the mechanism for the following

a. Dehydration of alcohol ( Ethanol to Ethene)
b. Hydrolysis of Ethene (Ethene to Ethanol)
c. Dehydration of alcohol (Ethanol to diethyl ether (ethoxy ethane)
d. Addition of Grignard’s reagent to carbonyl group of a compound forming an
adduct followed by hydrolysis.

(c) How phenol is obtained from cumene and chlorobenzene.

(d) Convert the following:-

a. Picric acid from Phenol
b. P- methoxyacetophenone from Anisole
c. Propan-2-ol from Propene
d. 2-Methyl propene from 2- Methyl propane
e. Propan-2-ol from Ethanal
f. Phenol to salicylaldehyde
g. Phenol to anisole
h. Propan-2-ol to 2-methylpropan-2-ol

(e) Draw the structure and name the product formed if the following alcohol are
oxidized assume that an excess of oxidizing agent is used.
(i) Butanol (ii) 2-butenol (iii) 2-methyl-1-propanol.

(f) Arrange the following in increasing order of their acid strength:-

a) Propan-1-ol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3,5-dnitrophenol, phenol, 4-
methylphenol.
b) Water, ethanol, cresol, phenol, nitrophenol.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 18
 (g) What happens when phenol is treated with dil. HNO3 and conc. HNO3.

(h)

9.

10. Explain how will you obtain primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by using
Grignard’s reagent?

11.

Aldehyde, Ketone & Carboxylic aci

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 19
 Aldehyde, Ketones and carboxylic acids
(i) Explain the following:
a. Cannizzaro Reaction b. Etards’s Reaction c. Stephen’s reaction
d. Aldol condensation and cross aldol e. HVZ reaction f. Decarboxylation
g. Clemmensen reduction h. wolf-kishner reduction

(j) How would you account for the following:

a. Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic substitution
reaction.
b. Monochloroethanoic acid has higher pka value than dichloroethanoic acid.
c. Aldehydes and ketones undergo a number of addition reactions.
d. B.P. of aldehydes & ketones are lower than corresponding carboxylic acids.
e. Ethanoic acid is weaker thar benzoic acid.
f. Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid and benzaldehyde takes place at
meta position.
g. Phenol has five resonating structure and carboxylic acid has only two. Why
carboxylic acid is more acidic than phenol.
h. There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However only one such group
is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.
i. Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrin in good yield but 2, 4, 6-
trimethylcyclohexanone does not.

(k) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of
compounds.
(i) Propanal and Propanone
(ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
(iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid
(iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate
(v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
(vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
(vii) Ethanal and Propanal

4:- An organic compound with the molecular formula C9H10O forms 2, 4-DNP
derivative, reduces Tollens’ reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous
oxidation, it gives 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.

5. An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C8H16O2) was hydrolysed with

dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation
of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene.Write
equations for the reactions involved.

6. Convert the following:-

(a) propanal to 2-methylpent-2-enal

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 20
 (b) Ethanol to 1-methoxy ethanol
(c) Methane to ethanol
d. But-2-enal from Ethanal
e. Butanoic acid from Butanol
f. Benzoic acid from ethyl benzene
g. Benzyl chloride to benzyl alcohol ,
h. Methyl magnesium bromide to 2-methlpropane -2-ol.

7. Explain the mechanism

a. Nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or a ketone.
b. Esterification of carboxylic acid

8. An organic compound A contain 69.77 % carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest

oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86%. It does not reduce Tollen’s
reagents but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphate and
give positive idoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic
acids. Derive the possible structure of compound A.

9.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 21
10.

11. Explain the following tests:

(a) Tollen’s Test
(b) Fehling’s Test
(c) Haloform (Iodoform) Test

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 22
 Amines
1. Explain the following:-
a. Coupling reaction b. Gatterman reaction c. Hoffmann’s Bromamide reaction
d. Carbylamine reaction e. Gabriel phthalimide reaction
f. Ammonolysis of alkyl halide g. Diazotisation h. Acylation
i. Reaction of aniline with HCl

2. Arrange the following in increasing order of their basic strength:

(i) C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3, C6H5CH2NH2 and (C2H5)2NH

(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N, C6H5NH2
(iii) CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2, C6H5CH2NH2.

3. Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine (ii) Secondary and tertiary amines
(iii) Ethylamine and aniline (iv) Aniline and benzylamine
(v) Aniline and N-methylaniline.
4. Arrange the following:
(i) In decreasing order of the pKbvalues:
C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, (C2H5)2NH and C6H5NH2
(ii) In increasing order of basic strength:
C6H5NH2, C6H5N(CH3)2, (C2H5)2NH and CH3NH2
(iii) In increasing order of basic strength:
(a) Aniline, p-nitroaniline and p-toluidine
(b) C6H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, C6H5CH2NH2.
(iv) In decreasing order of basic strength in gas phase:
C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N and NH3
(v) In increasing order of boiling point:
C2H5OH, (CH3)2NH, C2H5NH2
(vi) In increasing order of solubility in water:
C6H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, C2H5NH2.

5. Formation of Benzene diazonium chloride and all reactions.

6. Give the reasoning for the following:

a. Alkyl amines are more basic than ammonia.
b. Aniline doesn’t undergo Friedel craft’s reaction.
c. Aromatic amines are lesser basic than aliphatic amines.
d. Nitro compounds have higher boiling point than hydrocarbons.
e. CH3CONH2 is weaker base than CH3-CH2-NH2.
f. Pkb for aniline is more than that for methylamine.
g. During nitration of aniline get meta derivative also along with o &p- derivative.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 23
 h. Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide
synthesis?
I. GPS is preferred over ammonolysis of alkyl halide for primary amine.

7. Convert the following:

a. Benzene to Aniline b. Benzyl chloride to 2-phenyl ethanamine
c. Aniline to benzene nitrile d. Aniline to benzyl alcohol
e. Nitromethane to dimethylamine f. Propanoic acid to Ethanoic acid

8. Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Also write chemical equations of the reactions involved.

9. Complete the following reactions:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

10. An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating
forms compound ‘B’ which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a compound ‘C’
of molecular formula C6H7N. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B
and C.

11. Reaction of aniline with (i) bromine water and bromine in presence of organic solvent
(ii) with conc. HNO3 (iii) with acetic anhydride in presence of pyridine.

Biomolecules
1. Explain the following
a. Invert sugar b. Denaturation of protein c. Polypeptide d. Dipeptide
e. Glycosidic linkage f. Peptide linkage g. Phosphodiester linkage

2. Mention the difference between the following:-

a. Amylose and Amylopectin
b. Reducing sugar and Non reducing sugar (with examples)
c. Starch and Glycogen
d. Essential and non Essential amino acids
e. Water soluble and Fat soluble vitamins (with examples)
f. Nucleosides and Nucleotides
g. Fibrous protein and Globular Protein

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 24
 h. Alpha helix and beta pleated structure ( secondary structure of protein)
i. Glucose and Fructose

3. Mention disaccharides and its various hydrolysis product with structure.

4. Classify carbohydrates with examples.
5. Explain presence of various functional groups in glucose.
6. Explain anomers with example of alpha and beta glucose.
7. How alpha helix structure of secondary protein is stabilized.
8. Mention the structural and functional difference between DNA and RNA.
9. Mention the different types of RNA and their functions.
10. Two strands of DNA are complementary but not identical, explain!
11. Mention various nitrogenous bases present in DNA and RNA.
12. Explain the following :-
a. Enzyme as bio-catalyst b. Linkage in primary structure of protein
13. Mention the diseases caused by deficiency of various vitamins?

Polymers
1. Explain the following:
a. Buna-S and Buna-N
b. Isoprene & Neoprene
c. PHBV & Nylon 2 6
d. Nylon 6 and Nylon 6 6
e. Teflon, Polystyrene & PAN , PMMA
f. Bakelite & Melamine
g. Polyethene & Polypropene
h. Dacron (polyester or terylene) & glyptal

2. Mention various mode of polymerization with examples. (Addition (copolymer and

homopolymers) & condensation polymer).
3. Mention the difference between biodegradable polymer and non-biodegradable
polymers with examples.
4. Explain classification of polymers on the basis of intermolecular forces of attraction
(Elastomers, Fibres, Thermoplastic & thermosetting)
5. Explain free radical mechanism for chain growth polymerization.
6. Explain vulcanization of rubber and its advantages.
7. Explain LDP and HDP.
8. Mention two polymers and their monomers used in paint industries.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 25
9. Mention the polymer used in special packaging, control release of drugs and
orthopedic devices and also show the formation of polymer.

Chemistry in Everyday Life

1. Explain the following with examples:
a. Tranqualizers b. Antacids c. Antihistamines d. Antipyretic e.
Antifertility drugs
2. Classify the following with examples
a. Antibiotics b. Analgesics
3. Mention the difference between antiseptic and disinfectant with example.
4. Classify the synthetic detergent with examples (Cationic, Anionic & Non ionic).
5. What are enzymes and mention its catalytic action.
6. What are soaps? Mention saponification. Explain Chemicals used in various
soaps.
7. Why artificial sweetening agents are used. Mention various sweetening agents.
(Saccharin, Aspartame, Sucrolose, Alitame).
8. Which sweetening agent you will use for diabetic patient and why?
9. What are food preservatives? Give some examples.
10. Why do soaps not work in hard water?
11. What are biodegradable and non – biodegradable detergents? Give one example
of each class.
12. Mention the difference between
a. Antagonist And Agonist
b. Narcotic And Non- narcotic analgesic
c. Broad spectrum and Limited spectrum antibiotics
13. What are anti-oxidants? Mention two different anti-oxidant with their structures.
14. Mention the constituents of Dettol and tincture of iodine.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 26
 15. Value based question:

Sample paper - 1
Class- XII Max. Marks: 70
Time: Three Hours
General Instructions
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question nos. 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry one mark each.
3. Question nos. 6 to 10 are short answer questions and carry two marks each.
4. Question nos. 11 to 22 are also short answer questions and carry three marks each.
5. Question no. 23 is value based question and carries 4 marks.
5. Question nos. 24 to 26 are long answer questions and carry five marks each.
6. Use log tables if necessary. Calculators are not allowed.
________________________________________________________________________
1. Ethylamine has a higher boiling point than dimethylamine. Explain why?
2. Write the structure of the Grignard’s reagent used to prepare 2-Methyl propan-1-ol.
3. Write IUPAC name of DDT.
4. What are the charge carriers when silicon is doped with indium?
5. Complete the following equation:-
C6H5NH2 + Conc. HNO3+ Conc. H2SO4 ---🡪

6. What is meant by positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law and how is the
sign of enthalpy of mixing related to positive and negative deviations fromRraoult’s law.

7. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of
SO2Cl2 at a constant volume:
Exp Time/S-1 Total pressure/atm
1. 0 0.5
2. 100 0.6
Calculate the rate of the reaction when total pressure is 0.65 atm.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 27
8. Draw the structures of the following molecules showing the correct position of the lone
pair of the electrons: (a) HClO4 (b) (HPO3)3

9. Explain the following:

(a) What happens when an egg is heated.
(b) Invert sugar

10. What is meant by

(a) Phosphodiester linkage
(b) Presence of five – OH group in glucose (how will you show)

11. Explain the following terms giving one example of each type:
(a) Limited spectrum antibiotics
(b) Antifertility drugs
(c) Non- ionic detergent

12. (a) Mention two bio-degradable polymers, their monomers, formation and uses.
(b) Explain PMMA and its uses.
13. Explain the following:
(a) Zwitter ion formation of aniline
(b) Basicity of amine in aqueous medium
(c) Carbylamine reaction

14. (i) Complete the following reactions:

(a)

(b)

(ii) How will you bring about the following conversions?

(a) ter- Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
(b) Ethanol to But-1-yne

15. (a) Write the mechanism for formation ethers from alcohol.
(b) Name the reagent for the following transformations:
(i) Phenol to benzoquinone
(ii) Phenol to salicylic acid

16. Write the name, geometry and the magnetic behavior of each one of the following
complexes:
(a) Pentaamminenitrito-o-cobalt(III) (b) Tris(ethane-1,2-diamine)chromium(III)chloride

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 28
17. Explain the following:
(a) Among PCl4+ and PCl4- which one more likely to exist and why?
(b) When white phosphorus is heated with conc. NaOH solution in an inert atmosphere
of CO2.
(c) Fluorine forms only one oxoacid.

18. Complete the following:-

(a) S8+ HNO3 -----🡪
(b) P4+ SOCl2 -----🡪
(c) XeF6 + 2H2O -----🡪

19. Describe the role of the following:

(a) Aniline in the froth floatation process
(b) Silica lined converter in extraction of Cu
(c) Iodine in the refining of Zirconium

20. (i) Explain the difference between order and molecularity

(ii) During the nuclear explosion, one of the products Sr90 with half life of 28.1
years. If 1 microgram of sr90 was absorbed in the bones of new born baby instead of
calcium, how much of it will remain after 10 years and 60 years if it is not lost
metabolically.

21. 2 gm of benzoic acid dissolved in 25 gm of benzene shows a depression in freezing

point equal to 1.62K. Molal depression constant for benzene for benzene is 4.9 Kkgmol-1.
What is the percentage association of acid if it forms dimer in solution.

22. (i) ZnO is white in colour, it changes to yellow when it is heated. Explain?
(ii) If the radius of the octahedral void is r and radius of the atoms in closed packing is R,
derive relation between r and R.
(iii) Mention the difference between p-type and n-type of semiconductor.

23. Ram was playing football. He fell down and had a bad cut in his knee and he started
bleeding. The chemistry lab was situated very close to the football court. Shyam
immediately brought a bottle of ferric chloride while sundar brought a bottle of potassium
chloride. After debating for a few seconds, a spatula of ferric chloride was applied to the
wound and the bleeding arrested.
(a) Why is ferric chloride preferred over poatassium chloride in case of a cut leading to
bleeding.
(b) What value does the behavior of Ram’s friend reflect?

24. a) People are advised to limit the use of fossil fuels resulting in Green House effect
to a rise in the temperature of earth. Hydrogen provides ideal alternative and its
combustion in fuel cells.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 29
(i) Write the anode and cathode reaction of H2-O2 fuel cells.
(ii) If Std Gibb’s energy for the formation of H2-O2 fuel cell is -228KJ/mol, find the Std.
electrode potential for the fuel cell. 2H2(g) + O2 (g) ---🡪2H2O(g)
b) Explain molar conductivity and how it is related with limiting molar conductivity.
OR
a) Three electrolytic cell A, B, c contacting solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and CuSO4
respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed through
them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the current
flow? What mass of copper and Zinc were deposited?
b) Write the chemistry of recharging the lead storage battery, highlighting all the
materials that are involved during recharging.

25. a) Complete and balance the equation:

i) C2O42- + H+ ------🡪
ii) MnO4- + SO32- -----🡪

b) How potassium dichromate is obtained from chromite ore. Mention all the reaction
involved. Draw the structure of chromate ion and dichromate ion.
OR
a) Explain the following:-
i) The chemistry of actinoids are not as smooth as of lanthanoids.
ii) Mn2+ is much more resistant than Fe2+ towards oxidation.
iii) Among Fe2+ and Cr2+ which one is stronger reducing agent and why?
iv) Transition elements have high melting and boiling point.
v) Is cadmium a transition element? Justify your answer.

26. (i) Convert the following organic compounds:-

a) Butane-1,3-diol from ethanol
b) 3-phenylpropan-1-ol from benzaldehyde
c) Benzoic acid to m-Nitobenzyl alcohol
d) Benzaldehyde to benzophenone

(ii) Arrange the following compound in increasing order of their reactivity towards HCN:
Acetaldehyde, Acetone, di-ter-butyl ketone, Methyl ter-butyl ketone
OR
Complete the following reactions:-
i)

ii)

iii)

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 30
iv)

v)

Sample paper – 2
CLASS: - XII SUBJECT:-CHEMISTRY
TIME ALLOWED: 3 Hrs. MAX. MARK: 70
General Instructions:
a) All the questions are compulsory.
b) There are 26 questions in total.
c) Questions 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions and carry one mark each.
d) Questions 6 to 10 carry two marks each.
e) Questions 11 to 22 carry three marks each.
f) Questions 23 is value based question carrying four marks.
g) Questions 24 to 26 carry five marks each.
_______________________________________________________________________
1. Chloroform is stored in dark coloured bottle and it is filled till the neck, explain?

2. Explain the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

3. Explain the difference between acetal and hemi-acetal.

4. Arrange the following in the order of their increasing basic strength:-

NH3, MeNH2, Me2NH, Me3N

5. Tertiary alkyl halides are not preferred for the preparation of ethers through
Williamson’s synthesis, why?

6. Explain the following:

(i) Forbidden zone
(ii) Isotropism in amorphous solid

7. Analysis shows that nickel oxide has the formula NiO.98O1.00. What fractions of nickel,
exist as Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions.

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 31
8. Determine the osmotic Pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25mg of k2SO4 in
2 litre
of water at 25oc, assuming that it is completely dissociated.

9. Explain the following:

(a) Molecularity of reaction
(b) Rate constant

10. (a) Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr2+ or Fe2+, explain?

(b) Zr(40) & Hf(72) they have almost similar sizes?

11. Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63°C. How much sucrose is to be added to
500 g of water such that it boils at 100°C. Molal elevation constant for water is 0.52 K kg
mol−1.

12. A first order reaction takes 30 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time
required for 90% completion of this reaction.

OR
The rate of a particular reaction triples when temperature change from 50OC to 100OC
Calculate the activation energy of the reaction. (given:log3 = 0.4771,R=8.314 JK-1 mol-1).

13. Explain the following:

(a) What do you mean by activity and selectivity of catalysts?
(b)What is shape selective catalysis?

14. Explain the following:

(a) Ellingham diagram
(b) Vapour phase refining
(c) Blister copper

15. Draw structure of the following substances:

(a) H3PO3 (b) H2S2O8 (c) HClO4

16. Explain the following:

(a) Cu (I) ion is not stable in aqueous solution.
(b) Among La(OH)3 and Lu(OH)3 which one is more basic and why?
(c) The chemistry of actinoids is not as smooth as lanthanoids on the basis of their
oxidation states.

17. Explain the following:

(a) [NiCl4]2− is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are
tetrahedral?
(b) [Fe(H2O)6]3+ is strongly paramagnetic whereas [Fe(CN)6]3− is weakly
paramagnetic?

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 32
 (c) Spectrochemical series.

18. Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 3-Bromo-2- methylbutane
(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-
3-methylbutane.

19. Draw the structure and name the product formed if the following alcohol are oxidized
assume that an excess of oxidizing agent is used.
(i) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (ii) 2-butenol (iii) 2-methyl-1-propanol.

20. Explain the following:

(a) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is not preferred to synthesis of aromatic amines?
(b) Aromatic amines are lesser basic than aliphatic amines?
(c) Aniline doesn’t undergo Friedel craft’s reaction.

OR

Complete the following reactions:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

21. Explain the following:

(a) Presence of six carbon atoms in glucose
(b) Zwitter ion formation in amino acid
(c) Fibrous and globular protein

22. (a) Mention biodegradable and non biodegradable polymer with one Example each.
(b) Mention the monomers & formation of polymer which is used for control release
of drugs.
(C) How Nylon6 is different from Nylon 66.

23. In India, large number of people eats spicy food and chat etc, which contains a lot of
acid. Excess of acid in the stomach causes irritation and pain. Antacids are commonly
used for the treatment of hyperacidity.
(i) Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate not considered a good antacid.
(ii) Why are metal hydroxides better than sodium hydrogen carbonate?
(iii) As a student of chemistry, which drug you would suggest to cure hyperacidity and
why?

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 33
(iv) Mention any two values which we Indians need to possess to maintain healthy
lifestyle.

24. (a) What is fuel cell? Mention any two advantages.

(b) Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid solution is 7.896 x 10-5 Scm-1. Calculate its
molar conductivity in this solution, if limiting molar conductivity for acetic acid is 390.5
Scm2mol-1. What would be its dissociation constant?
OR
(a) Explain how rusting of iron is envisaged as setting up of an electrochemical cell.
(b) Three electrolytic cells A,B,C containing solutions of ZnSO4, AgNO3 and CuSO4,
respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed through
them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did the current
flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?

25. (a) Complete the following equations:

(b) NaOH (Hot & conc) +Cl2 -🡪
(c) NH3 (excess) + Cl2 --🡪
(d) NH3 + Cl2 (excess) ---🡪
(e) Ca3P2 + HCl------🡪
(f) Zn + HNO3(dil) ------🡪

OR
Explain the following:
(a) PF6- exist but NF6- doesn’t.
(b) NH3 is stronger base than PH3.
(c) Colour of halogens get deepens as we go down the group.
(d) High concentration of ozone is dangerously explosive.
(e) Why xenon forms no. of compounds.

26.

OR

(a) Convert the following:

Class-XII/Chemistry/2019-20 Page 34
 (i) Propanal to 2-methylpent-2-enal
(ii) Ethanol to 1-methoxy ethanol

(b) Explain the following:

(i) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid and benzaldehyde takes place at meta
position.
(ii) Phenol has five resonating structure and carboxylic acid has only two. Why
carboxylic acid is more acidic than phenol.
(iii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide. However only one such group
is involved in the formation of semicarbazones.

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