Note-Taking Worksheet

Cells
Section 1 Cell Structure

A. Common cell structures—outer covering called cell membrane and internal gelatin-like
cytoplasm
1. Comparing cells—size and shape relate to function
2. Two cell types

a. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound internal structures.

b. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound internal structures.

B. Cell organization

1. Composed of cellulose, a cell wall grows, gives shape to, and protects the cells of
plant, algae, fungi, and most bacteria.
2. Cell membrane —protective layer around all cells
a. For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wal
l b. A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell.
3. Cytoplasm—gelatin-like substance inside cell membrane
a. Cytoskeleton —scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm which helps cell keep its shape
b. In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have organelles which help with cell life processes.

4. Nucleus—contains instructions for everything cell does; includes DNA

5. Energy-processing organelles—help cells do their work
a. Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplast make food.
b. Organelles which release energy from food are called mitochondria. 6. Manufacturing
organelles
a. Ribosomes make proteins for cell activities.
b. Some ribosomes attach to the rough part of the endoplasmic reticulum, a series of
smooth or rough membranes that move materials around in a cell.
7. Transporting and storing organelles
a. Golgi bodies move substances out of a cell or to other parts of a cell.
b. Vacuoles –membrane-bound temporary storage spaces
8. Recycling organelles– lysosomes break down food molecules and cell wastes. C. From
cell to organism
9. Tissues–group of similar cells working together on one job
10. Different types of tissues working together make up an organ
11. A group of organs working together on a particular function form a(n) organ system
D. Answer the following process questions about the cell structures and functions.

12. Why do cells have organelles?

Cells have organelles mainly because it keeps the cells alive.Organelles provide a
purpose within cells to assist with cellular activity. Nearly all eukaryotic cells have core
organelles. They perform important functions that are required for cells to survive,
including as gathering energy, producing new proteins, getting rid of waste, and
etc.The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous other organelles
are examples of core organelles.

13. How does the shape of organelles help perform its function?

The organelles shape is vital to help perform it functions because it has a different functions to our body.The
cytoskeleton is the one responsible for the shape of these cells.The cytoskeleton is a crucial, complex, and
dynamic component of the cell. It assists during endocytosis (the uptake of external materials by a cell) and
moves parts of the cell during processes of development and motility. It also anchors organelles in place.

14. How does the structure of the cell relate to its function?

A cell's structure and function are related to one another. The shape and size of a cell, help determine its
specific function in our body.The structure of the cell is crucial because cells provide structure and support
to the body of an organism.

15. How can analyzing the relationships of cell organelles help us to understand living things?

Analyzing the relationships of cell organelles help us to understand living things because simply we are
made of it.We study and explore cells because they are the foundation of our life. We are all made up of
cells, and it is vital that we learn and have the knowledge of the function of all of the organelles found in
cells in order to fully understand how cells work.Thus, it aids in our understanding of how organisms work,
on how we function.