EEM507 ELECTRICAL

TECHNOLOGY

Prof. D.K. Chaturvedi

Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed Univ.)
Dayalbagh, Agra, U.P. India
 Motivation
1. Why do we study Electrical Technology course as non-electrical
engineering students?

2. How is this course useful for us?

 UNIT -1 DC MOTOR

Contents:
• Starter of DC motor
• Speed control of DC motor
• Armature reaction
• Methods to eliminate undesirable effects
of armature reaction
• Commutation
• Resistance commutation
• Reactance voltage
 DC motor Starter
It is divided into following three parts:

• Necessity of starter

• Components of starter

• Working of starter

• Limitations
 Necessity of D.C. Motor Starter
• Back EMF in DC motor = phi*ZNP/(60A)
where N is speed in rpm,
Z- no. of armature Conductors
P- Number of Poles
Phi – Flux wb
A – number of Parallel paths
• At the time of starting of motor, the rotor is at rest. N= 0
• Hence, back EMF is zero.
• Armature current Ia= (Vt-Eb)/Ra , while starting Ia = Vt/Ra,
• Say Vt = 230V and Ra =0.5 ohm, so Ia = 460 Amp.
• Normally, full load motor current is 10 ampere which is depending on motor rating.
• The starting current is 46 times higher than full load current. When this huge current flows
through armature, results thermal harsh and immediately damage the windings,
commutator, brushes.
• Dip in supply voltage when heavy current drawn from sources.
• To Limit this starting current Starter is needed.
 Necessity of D.C. Motor Starter- contd.
• Torque developed in DC motors T=K* phi* Ia
• Ia is very high , therefore, T is also very high and produce a big
impact on rotating part of DC motor and damage the rotating parts
such as shaft, bearing etc.
• To limit this starting torques and start the motor smoothly without
jerk, starter is need.

• For small D.C. motor (e.g. 1.5V, 3V, 6V, 12V, motor) starter is not
required and it can be started directly as in toys. DoL is not advisable
form motors of 5.5 kW or higher.
 Components of DC motor Starter
A  D.C.  Motor starter consists of:
a)      External resistance- External resistance
is placed in the armature circuit to limit the
starting current drawn by the motor. As the
motor accelerates the resistance is
gradually removed.
b)     No-volt release coil- In case of power
failure or under voltage the starter arm is
brought back to the off position.
c)      Overload release coil- In case of
overloading of motor or any fault the
starter circuit is switched off by overload
release coil mechanism.
Types of Starters
• 1.      Three point starter
• 2.      Four point starter
• 3.      Two point starter

• Three point starter

• Three point starters have three terminals:
Armature terminals A is connected to one of the armature winding
ends.
Field terminal Z  is connected to one of the field winding of the motor.
Line terminal L is connected to any of +ve wire coming from the DC
source.
 Working of DC motor starter
• The incoming power is indicated as L1 and L2. The components within
the broken lines form the three-point starter. As the name implies
there are only three connections to the starter. The connections to the
armature are indicated as A1 and A2. The ends of the field (excitement)
coil are indicated as F1 and F2. In order to control the speed, a field
rheostat is connected in series with the shunt field. One side of the
line is connected to the arm of the starter (represented by an arrow in
the diagram). The arm is spring-loaded so, it will return to the "Off"
position when not held at any other position. On the first step of the
arm, full line voltage is applied across the shunt field. Since the field
rheostat is normally set to minimum resistance, the speed of the
motor will not be excessive; additionally, the motor will develop a
large starting torque.
• The starter also connects an electromagnet in series with the shunt
field. It will hold the arm in position when the arm makes contact with
the magnet.
• Meanwhile that voltage is applied to the shunt field, and the starting
resistance limits the current to the armature.
• As the motor picks up speed counter-emf is built up; the arm is moved
slowly to short.
 Three point starter

Limitation  
No-volt release coil is connected in series with the field circuit. While
exercising speed control through field regulator, the field current may
be weakened to such an extent that no-volt release coil may not be able
to keep the starter lever in the ON position. This may disconnect the
motor from the supply when it is not desired. This limitation is over
come in four point starter.
Four point starter
• In a four-point starter, the no-volt release is connected
directly across the supply line through a protective resistance
R.
• Now the no-volt release coil circuit is independent of the
shunt field circuit. Therefore, proper speed control can be
exercised without affecting the operation of non-volt release
coil.
• The only difference between a three-point starter and a four-
point starter is that of the method in which no-volt release is
connected. However, the working of the two starters is the
same.
•  It may be noted that the three point starter also provides
protection against an open field circuit. This protection is not
provided by the four-point starter. But the possibility of open
field circuit is quite remote.
Four point starter
Review Questions
1. Why do we need starter in motors? Give at least three reasons.
2. Why soft iron is used on moving arm?
3. Mention the function of coil spring on moving arm?
4. How starter will protect motor from under voltage?
5. how does overload protection work?
Any doubt or Question
Please write me on

dkchaturvedi@dei.ac.in

Thanks