A.

Two Model (Approaches) to Strategic Human Resources Management

1. Formal – Rational Planning Model (Approach)

Strategy is deliberately set up and a realised plan and it requires comprehensive planning. This
Approach separated strategy formulation and implementation and consider organisation as
rational actor. Since this approach believes strategic decisions flow from the top, it believes
also to manage implementation of strategy, it is important to follow the structure of the
organisation. It states structure follows strategy.
2. Informal – Incremental Model (Approach)
This approach considers strategy as pattern of realised decision on important and urging
problems. Decision making informal and iterative, vision of organisation largely serves as
decision premises.

B. Kelebihan dan kekurangnnya

No. Item Incremental Model Rational Model

(Approach) (Approach)
1 Responsibility for HR Staff specialist Line Managers
2 Focus Employee Relations Partnerships with internal and
external customers
3 Role of HR Transaction change Follower Transformational change
and respondent leader and initiator
4 Initiatives Slow, reactive, fragmented Fast, proactive, integrated
5 Time horizon Short time Short, medium, long (as
necessary)
6 Control Bureaucratic – roles, policies, Organic – flexible, whatever is
procedures necessary to succeed
7 Job design Tight division of labour, Broad, cross-training, teams
independence, specialization
8 Key investment Capital, Product People, Knowledge
9 Accountability Cost central Investment central

C. Another Definition of Rational Planning :

a. Definition

- The rational planning model is the process of realizing a problem,

establishing and evaluating planning criteria, crating alternatives,
implementing alternatives, and monitoring progress of the alternatives.
- Used in designing neighbourhoods, cities, and regions. The rational
planning model is central in the development of modern urban planning
and transformation planning.
b. Advantages.
1. Generate all possible solutions.
2. Generate objective assessment criteria.
3. Assume accurate, stable and complete knowledge of all the
alternatives, preferences, goals and consequences.
4. Assumes a rational, reasonable, non-political world.

c. Disadvantage.
1. It is a group – based decision making process. If the problem is not
identified properly the we may face a problem as each and every
member of the group might have a different definition of problem.
2. Whole assessment should be correct otherwise one can get wrong
solution.
3. Planner defines the problem not goal.
4. Time consuming process.