Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NORTHERN SAMAR
CATARMAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY & POLITICS

QUARTER 1 – Week 5 OUTLINE

SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION

Content Standards :

The learners demonstrate an understanding of :

1. how individuals learn culture and become competent members of society how individuals
learn culture and become competent members of society

2. how individuals should behave as part of a political community

Performance Standard :

1. identify norms and values to be observed in interacting with others in society, and the
consequences of ignoring these rules
2. assess the rules of social interaction to maintain stability of everyday life and the role of
innovation in response to problems and challenges

Most Essential Learning Competencies :

Explain the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization. (MELC-Week 5)

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the context, content, processes, and consequences of socialization and

enculturation (UCSP 11/12HSOIIe-16);
2. Identify the social goals and the socially acceptable means of achieving these goals (UCSP
11/12HSOIIe-17); and
3. Advocate inclusive citizenship (UCSP 11/12HSOIIe-18).

 Ref : ADM Q1-M8)

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CORAZON P. DINO
Subject Teacher

Background Information for the Learners :

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 SOCIALIZATION and ENCULTURATION

A human being should not live by himself or herself because he or she is a

social being who needs other people. Baleña, E. et. al. (2016) stress out that for man
to survive, and to develop himself or herself as a human being, there is a need for
social interaction. He or she should be with others and interact with them in order to
realize his or her dreams and to withstand whatever adversities encountered in life in
a given society. To become a full member of a society, he or she has to acquire and
learn all the necessary social roles and skills. The process of learning these skills and
social roles is called socialization. Socialization is a process in which society molds
the individual to conform to established social norms and rules.

Socialization as a process through which people learn the rules and practices
needed to participate successfully in their culture and society. Its process is very
essential in man’s daily life because it teaches man how to behave and act within
society. Consequently, if he or she does know how to socialize and conform to
standards, his or her actions may impede social order.

In an article written by Cole (2020), she points out the key parts of
socialization. It comprises of context, content, process and results. Context includes
culture, language, social structures, the ranks and roles that people have played.
While context sets the stage for socialization, the content and process constitute the
work of this undertaking. At home, assigning household chores by parents and telling
their children how to relate with others are examples of content and process as they
are defined by the duration of socialization, those involved, the methods used, and
the type of experience. In schools, students are provided with guidelines, rules and
policies when interacting with the school authorities and other students. Reward is
given to those compliant students; and a punishment is given to those deviants.
Hence, they acquire the correct behavioral norms suitable for school. Results are the
consequences of socialization which refer to the way one reasons and acts after
going through the process. Babies need the support of their parents and older siblings
as they cannot live independently. However, as they grow older, they acquire the
proper ways in doing things by themselves such as obeying laws, respecting the
authorities among others.

Santarita and Madrid (2016) describe that socialization takes place when
prospective culture bearers learn the body of knowledge and skills through education,
training, exposure, and experience; while enculturation occurs when cultural
knowledge is passed on to the next bearer who will perpetuate and ensure the
continuation of culture. Both socialization and enculturation result to identity
formation, developing norms and values, and statuses and roles:

A. Identity Formation

An individual’s identity is formed through his interactions with others. One’s

socialization with individuals or groups allows him or her to imbibe certain
characteristics and interests that contribute to his or her identity. For example, the
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centuries of Philippine Chinese exposure to Filipino culture made them imbibe facets
of Filipino character in the same way Filipino learned to love Chinese culture like food
such as preference for noodle-based cuisine like pancit (Newman, 2012 as cited by
Santarita and Madrid).
Can you recall how your own culture formed you? What food have you liked or
family tradition have you practiced based on how your community has influenced
you?

B. Norms and Values

Norms are those culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what
is “right”, “wrong”, “proper”, “improper”. They create predictability in daily affairs and
interactions, making it easier to live with other members of society. They are
fundamental to the establishment of social order in any societies (Newman, 2012 as
cited by Santarita and Madrid). These include society’s standards of morality, good
manners, legality, and integrity. The following are forms of norms:

Folkways * customary patterns that specify what is socially

correct and proper in everyday life.
* repetitive or typical habits and patterns of expected
behavior followed within a group or community.

* define what is morally right and morally wrong.

standards of conduct with ethical and moral
Mores * significance

Laws * regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct.

Source: Palispis, Epitacio S. (2007)

Schaefer (2012) delineates cultural values as collective conceptions of what is
considered good, desirable, and proper- or bad, undesirable and improper. It reveals
on what preferences people should pursue which are vital for their continued
existence. With the favorable norms and values in a society, all people are expected
to conform, follow and practice them.

C. Statuses and Roles

Status is any position that an individual can occupy in society. It is not a

ranked position, but simply a label that implies certain roles that must be performed
(Newman, 2012). For example, one can be a student, singer, or a computer genius.
Though some statuses are generally recognized as prestigious, prestige like beauty is
certainly relative or depends in the eye of the beholder (Santarita and Madrid, 2016).
Social Statuses can be classified into two:

Ascribed Statuses Achieved Statuses

* assigned to the individual from * acquired by choice, merit, or

birth such as age and sex individual effort

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 * involve little personal choice like * made possible through special
age and sex abilities or talents,
performance or opportunities

* carry with them certain * choice in occupation,

expectations of behavior marriage, joining a religious
organization are examples
Source: Panopio, et. Al. (1994)

Role, on the other hand, involves the pattern of expected behavior in a social
relationship with one or more persons occupying other statuses. (Panopio, 1994). It is
what the individual is expected to do, given his status. This involves inclusive
citizenship, in which the citizens are given a strong feeling that they are a part of the
overall society. By making the citizens feel that the government values their
viewpoints, the people are then motivated to participate in the elections, civic
participation, and military service.

ACTIVITY NO.1 – Differences and Similarities

Directions: Compare and contrast Enculturation and Socialization using the table
below. Answer directly. On your yellow pad paper, write five differences and
similarities of enculturation and socialization. Your output will look like the table below:

Enculturation Socialization
Difference Similarities Difference
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5

ACTIVITY no. 2 - : “Know-How”

Directions: Write five examples of different key parts of Socialization. On your yellow
pad paper, your output will look like the table below:

Socialization
Context 1 2 3 4 5
Content 1 2 3 4 5
Process 1 2 3 4 5
Result 1 2 3 4 5
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EVALUATION/QUIZ :

Directions: Answer directly on your yellow pad paper, write the letter that
corresponds to the statement. All choices are on the box below.

1. They are defined by the duration of socialization, those involved, the methods
used, and the type of experience.
2. It is a process in which society molds the individual to conform to established
social norms and rules.
3. They are the consequences of socialization which refer to the way one reasons
and acts after going through the process.

4. It includes culture, language, social structures, the ranks and roles that people
have played.

5. This occurs when cultural knowledge is passed on to the next bearer who will
perpetuate and ensure the continuation of culture.

Choices for items 1-5

A. Results B. enculturation C. Socialization
D. Context E. content and process

6. These regulate and control the people’s behavior and conduct

7. These define what is morally right and morally wrong.

8. These are repetitive or typical habits and patterns of expected behavior followed
within a group or community.

9. This involves the pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship with one or
more persons occupying other statuses.

10. This means any position that an individual can occupy in society.
Choices for items 6-10
A. Mores B. Folkways C. Laws
D. Role E. Status

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/dino