SCIENCE

• NATURAL SCIENCE IS FOUNDATION OF APPLIED SCIENCE

• CONTROL SAMPLE USE TO CHECK IF YOUR EXPERIMENTSL SAMPLE WILL WORK WALANG
PAGBABABGO
• EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLE USE TO CHECK IF IT HAS SAME RESULT IN CONTROL SAMPLE. ETO MAY
PAGBABAGO SA USAGE OF THE MATERIALS.

Ancient science

ANCIENT SCIENCE (8TH CENTURY)

- No formal education and because no clear explanation about science.

- Astronomy because of the celestial motion, changes of moon phase and movement of the sun
because it easily seen by people.
- Calendas of day and night

STOEN AGE (PALEOLITHIC AGE)

- HUNTING AND GATHERING

- BONES AND OTHER REMAINS LIKE SKIN FOR CLOTHES AND ROCKS/ STONE AND WOODS TO
CREATE OTHER INNOVATIONS LIKE DAGGER AND SWIRDS. FO OTHER PURPOSES
- SIMPLEST AGE AND JOB
- LIVES IS VERY SIMPLE IN THIS TIME
- SEA SHELLS FOR DECORATING BODY
 - CAVE

IRON AGE

- METALS, IRON, SILVER, GOLD (FORGEIJNG TO CREATE DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES)

- BLACKSMITH IS IMPORTANT FOR THIS ERA FOR THEIR SURVIVAL
- SWORD THAT IS MADE OF IRON

ANCIENT CIVILIXZATION SUMERIAN

- MESAPOTAMIA AND BABYLONIAN

- MAY TRADES NA DITO AND THEY CREATED SAILBOATS TRU THE 2 RIVERS.
- WHEELS ARE FIRST INVENTED BUT THEY USE IT FOR TRANSPORTING HEAVVY MATERIALS
- CUNEIFORM – WRITING PROCESS AND THEY WRITE IN CLAY TABLETS
- SANDIA USE FOR TIME
- ZIGGURATE – WORSHIP PLACE OF SUMMERIANS, THE HIGHER THE ZIGGURATS THE MORE THE
GODS WILL HEAR THEIR PRAYERS

2 IMPORTANT RIVERS FOR

- TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES RIVER ( GIVE WAY TO ADVANCE LIFE)

- BECAUSE EOF THIS THEY MADE IRRIGATION OF FIELD THROUGH DIKES AND CANALS
-

STARTED IN WESTERN ASIA CALLED MESAPOTAMIA 3500 BCE

BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

- ANIENT MESAPOTAMIA
- THE SAME WITH SUMERIAN IN COMES WITH TECHNOLOGIES BUT THEY ARE MORE IMPROVE
- RECENTLY IT IS CALLED IRAQ
- MOST CIVILIZED AND STARTED CIVILIZED / DEVELOPED

RULED BY : HAMMURABI

- CODE OF LAW “ EYE FOR AN EYE WHATEVER THE CRIME DO WILL BE THE SAME PUNISHMENT”

NEBUCHADNEZZAR

- FAMOUS FOR HANGGING GARDENS OF BABYLONS

SEXAGESIMALS SYSTEM (60 COUNTINGS STARTED)

- MAS MAAYOS ANG ZIGGURATH NG BABYLONIANS

ISHTARGEERTH

- FAMOUS FOR THE MATERIALS THAT IS CONSTRACTED WITH

- MAIN PURPOSE IS TO PREVENT INVADERS IN IRAQ/BABYLONIANS
-
EGYPTIAN

- TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE ONLY RIVER IN DESERT WHICH IS NILE RIVER

- ALSO KNOWN AS POLYTHEISM OR WORSHIP MANY GODS
- TECHNOLOGIES ARE PART OF THEIR CULTURE
- PAPYRUS IS PAPER AND HEIRLOGYPICS
- PYRAMIDS GREATEST INNOVATIONS THAT IS EVER MADE BY MAN “MAN MADE”
- SPYNX A MONUMENT WITH A HEAD OF THE MAN AND BODY OF CAT
- MUMIFICATION (UNIQUE)
- MAKEUP AND HEADRESS
- HIGH RANK MEN TO DISPLAY THEIR POWER BY HAVING MAKEUP AND HEADRESS
- OXFLOW FOR AGRRICULTURE PURPOSE

OWN VERSION TO DETERMINE TIME

- SANDAYAN
- EGYPTIAN WATER CLOCK – FILLED WITH WATER AND UNDERNEATH WITH OPEN WHERE WATER
DRIPS OUT WITH WATER. WITH MARKER KAPAG BUMABABA ANG WATER THAT DETERMINES
TIME.

GREEK CIVILIZATION

- ERA OF WISE AND GIFTED MEN.

- MANY ARE DIFFERENT OF WORK HERE BECAOME THE FOUNDATION OF SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGIES

- ARCHIMEDES SCREW – TO GATHER WATER MOVING LIKE A SCREW TO CALLECT WATER

- CENTER HEATING SYSTEM – BECAUSE WINTER IS PROBLEM TO THEM.
- ODOMETER – DISTANCE DETERMINER
- CRANE – LIFT HEAVY MATERIAL
- ALARM CLOCK – INVENTED BY THE GREEKS BECAUSE THEY ARE TEACHERS. SOMETHING WILL
ALARM THEIR STUDENTS TO STUDY.
- METALS AND BODY ARMORS FOR BODY WAR’S PURPOSE.
- CATAPULS, BOW AND ARROW
- SPORTS

ROMAN CIVILIZATION

- QUITE AND AGGRESSIVE

- TOOK ADVANTAGE OF GREEKS TO CREATE OWN INNVOATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES
- USES CONCRETE TO CREATE PERMAMNENT STRUCTURES LIKE DOMES
- PILLARS OF ROMANS IT IS UNIQUE BECAUSE OF HOW STRONG OF THE CONCRETES THAT THEY
USED.
- AQUEDUCT WHERE WATER FLOWS THAT IS ABOVE GROUND OR WATER SYSTEM
- ARCH AND ROMAN ALPHABETH AND Numerals.
- DOMES, COLLUSEUM
PERSIAN CIVILIZATION

- KNOWN FOR THEIR LEIDER CYRUS TO BECAME OF CHIEF OF PERSIAN TRIBE

- KNOWN AS CONQUER BECAUSE IT IS BELIEVED HIS DUTY
- IRAN

TECHNOLOGIES

- ANCIENT REFRIGIRATOR (YAKAL / YAKHCHAL) MUD AND RIBS MADE OF FOR PRESEVE OF
THEIR FOODS.
- QANAT – WATER SYSTEM UNDERGROUND
- BAGHDAD BATTERY
- WINDMILL
- CONCEPT OF HUMAN RIGHT
- TAXATION SYSTEM
- ANIMATION
- BACKGAMON (GAME)
- SULFERIC ACID AND POSTAL SERVICE FOR MAILS

ARABIC

- FAMOUS FOR RELIGION OF MUSLIM

TECHNOLOGY

- WATER MILL
- OPTIC USE OF LENSES
- FLYIMG MACHINE
- COFFEE
- TOOTHBRUSH

MOST IMPORTANT INNOVATION EVER

- UNIVERSITY

- HOSPITALS

CHINESE

- Marked by different dynastys

- Like silk, paper
- Brass and forcelin – oldest material or proucts that used by the chien trade
- Chariots and donkey flow
- Gunpowder (accidently discover
- Abacus coins for monitory values and compass
- Herbs and spices
- Own version of sail boats
- Fireworks
 - Great wall of china to built of fortress of china.

Indus HINDU

- INDIA
- Flashtoilet system or bathroom
-

TECHNOLOGIES

- Abopit of math
- Idea of zero
- Decimal system
- Fibonacci
- Rulers

Mediceine

- Plastic and cataract surgery

Ayurveda – natural wway of healing like yoga

Flashtoilet system or bathroom

MEDIEVAL SCIENCE (8TH – 17TH CENTURY)

- Known to be dark age of science because of wars

- Fall of roman empire
- Saint Isidore of Seville preserve of ancient knowledge tru encyclopedia.
- Establish of house of wisdom (abbasid-era)
- Education is unfair because the only allowed to study is men.
- Uses aristotel bview and create Islamic golden age

RENAISSANCE

- Lighta eg or rebirth of science

- - intellectual revolution happen
- Contradiction begain in science and faith
- Copernicus and galileo galilei contradicted Ptolemy
- Incvention of printing press
- Rene descarte and francis bacon emphasize their works.

19th centary

- Separated science and phylosphy

- William roentgen
- John daltoin
 - Charles Darwin

20th centuary

- Information age or revolution

- Era of albert Einstein and issac newton
- Artificial fertilizer
- Atom
- Antibiotic. Vaccine transportation
- Revolution of information technology giving rise to technology global internet computer,
smartphones
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

- Socioeconomic progress in the contemporary world. problem is dependence in science and tech because
they are tied up w integrity and political sovereignty
PRECOLONIAL PERIOD and economic self reliance.

- Marked by the arrival of the traders

- Composed of autonomous (can survive on own) communities long before Spaniards arrived.
- Simplest level and focus on survival
- First trace of Homo sapiens from the palawan and Batangas
- Simple tools and weapons of stone
- Stone age
- Kinship groups or help each other for survival.

Technologies

- Producing adzens ornaments oof seashells and pottery

- Survive because of ordinary cooking pot among several local community
- Iron age
- Silver gold
butuan = vietnam
- Weaving cotton mindoro = china
- Smelting iron trading chinese porcelein
- Making pottery
- Glass ornaments
- Most important in Filipinos are in agriculture (rice field or rice terecces)
- Caracoa in espaniol and koro koro in tagalog ( bangka ) famous book of chinese = chao ju-kua in 1225
desc trading in mindoro and san-hsu

Spanish regime

- Help the Philippines to improve schools, hospitals and scientific research.

- Primary goal of spaniards: colonialized because to seek power, scatter religion
- They taught us town planning and building but Filipinos are not excellent with it so they hired
Chinese.
- Nagkaroon na ng trading of agriculture and it called of galleon
- Manila was open to Asian shipping
- Manila Observative/observatory – created to gathered climatological observation
- To fix it we must evolve or modernization of products

EDUCATION

- Missionaries and parish preist

- About religious education
- Higher education was provided in manila like Jesuits in Cebu city
- Private instituitions and for European born, local Spaniards, mestizos and few native Filipinos
- Manila school of agriculture
- Nainterupt yung elem second and third because of coming of americans.
Suez Canal

Positive – had the chance to study abroad. Dr Jose Rizal take it advantage to write 2 books of him.

Negatives – because of 2 books of Dr Jose Rizal, revolution started.

HEALTH

- THEY WERE ABLE TO RESEARCH ABOUT THE DISEASES IN PHILIPPINES

- ESTABLISHED A LABORATORY

AMERICAN REGIME

- Introduced us public school

- Scholarships
- Thomasites – American military people who teach. First teachers.
- PNU, UP
- NRCP – to promote scientific research in the Philippines. Work scientific research to work in
conventions.
- NSDB – mas mataas siya kaysa sa NRCP
- PAEC ( Naimpasize during marcos era)

MARCOS ERA

4:15 -4:30
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIOON AND HOW IT DEFINED THE SOCIETY

- Happened during renaissance period

- Renaissance – classical dress, tight waist and white hair
- Contradiction began on separating di ideas, church, philosophers and scientist
- Contradiction happened in Nicolas Copernicus, Sigmund Freud and Charles Darwin.

PTOLEMAIC MODEL

- People knew the teaching of peotomy. On how the earth presented. GEOCENTRIC MODEL –
EARTH CENTER VIEW

NICHOLAS COPERNICUS

- HELIOCENTRIC MODEL ( SUN CENTERED VIEW)

- ORIGINATED FROM ARISTARCHUS

COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

- Revevolved heavenly spheres – different planets and celestial bodies

- Main purpose is sun centered view
- Universe consisted of 8 spehres.
- Rotation – happened within the axis (24 hrs and shift bet day and night)
- Revolution – 365 or 355 days or leap yrs.
- Fixed spheres – not moving planets

SEVEN POINTS

1. Earth is not at the center of everything

2. Only moon orbits earths. Red line is revolution. Gravity is the pulling system
3. All spheres orbit the sun.
4. Nonexistent distance
5. ..
6. ..
7. Retrograde and forward motions of planets is caused by earth’s motion.

Many scholars didn’t accept the Copernican model because it didn’t have any theories

SIGMUN FREUD

- Known explaining and providing different theories in human behavior.

- Freud’s theory is complex because he kept modifying it as he went along
- Contradiction sa other people’s behavior like possession.

TOPOGRAPHICAL MODEL OF THE MIND. – COMPARED IT TO ICEBERG

1. CONCIOUS MIND
a. Thoughts and perception that focus in the state of mind
2. PRECONCIOUS MIND
a. Stored knowledge / recall / memories
3. SUBCONCIOUS MIND
 a. Desires, wished and impulse
b. Mediated to pre conscious mind
c. Trigger like fears

STRUCTURAL MODEL – ID EGO AND SUPEREGO

1. EGO – socially acceptable/ satisfaction

2. ID – direction to do things to have the satisfaction.
3. SUPER-EGO – based on principle of morality

PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE – how developed based on child’s age.

1. Oral – pleasure is on the mouth

2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital

CHARLE’S DARWIN (1809-1882 AD)

- FAMOUS BIOLOGIST like insects

- Beagle voyage – scientific expedition
- Theory of evolution – works on Galapagos Islands in the pacific
- Galapagos Island may connect organisms between islands
- May contradiction siya sa church or theory of genesis

I AM THEREFORE I AM IAM THEREFORE I THINK “RENE DESCARTES”

MESOAMERICAN PERIOD

- Renaissance period in the middle period

- Central America in present time

OLMECS

- Mother culture of Mesoamerica

- Located in hot and swampy lowlands along the cost of Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz
- Carved colossal head
- Calendar and hieroglyphic

MAYANS

- Polytheistic religion- pyramids

- Organized into city state w/o political unity
- Agriculture and raised bed farming
- Place value and concept of zero
- Located in Mexican and central American rain forest
- 2 calendars: solar calendar 365 days and ritual calendars
AZTECS (12TH - 15TH CENTUARY)

- ARID VALLEY (dry) OF CENTRAL MEXICO

- Bulit empire of level of society
- With politics
- Famous for building chinampas or floating gardens (may tubig)
- Treatments are natural using herbs
- Built in Mexico City in present time

MIDDLE EAST PERIODS

- ISLAM RULES
- Muhammad muslims
- Witness, worship, fasting, tithing and pilgrimage
- KORAN QUR’AN as holy book
- Egypt to Afghanistan
- Geography: worship prayers they required location, Qublah
- Great navigators
- Nagstart and expedition or war in between Magellan and lapulapu because muslim are the first
people in php.
- MATHEMATICS: house of wisdom,
- Medical contributors: cadavers, first ever hospitals, encyclopedia of medical knowledge.

Exam: March 16 Wednesday (7:00-8:00 am)