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翻译部分练习题解析及参考译文

P262
The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of
pollution.

第一步,用括号标出句中的修饰成分。
The need ①(to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food) leads to a different kind of
pollution.
这句话中主要的修饰成分为①,①是不定式结构做后置定语,修饰 The need。

第二步,明确句子的主干。
句子的主干是 The need leads to pollution。

第三步,分析主干并进行翻译。
lead to 意为“导致;通向”
。故主干可以译为:需求导致污染。

第四步,分析各修饰成分并进行翻译
①是不定式结构,修饰 The need。ever-increasing 是形容词,意为“不断增长的”
;quantities
of 意为“大量的”。故①可以译为:生产越来越多的廉价食品。

第五步,将主干和各修饰成分的译文进行整合
我们将主干和所有修饰成分的译文整合在一起,全句可译为:生产越来越多的廉价食物
的需求导致了另一种形式的污染。

P267
Last year, we were travelling across the English Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with
her name and address on it into a bottle.

第一步,把并列句化为若干简单句。
①(Last year, we were travelling across the English Channel) and ②(Jane put a piece of paper
with her name and address on it into a bottle).

第二步,分别找出各简单句的修饰成分,明确其主干,进行翻译。
①中有修饰成分 Last year,是时间状语。这部分的主干是 we were travelling across the
English Channel,travel across 意为“穿越;周游” ,English Channel 意为“英吉利海峡”,①
整体可以译为:去年,我们正横渡英吉利海峡。
②中有修饰成分 with her name and address on it,是介词结构。这部分的主干是 Jane put
a piece of paper into a bottle,a piece of 意为“一片,一块”,“put … into …”意为“把……
放进……” ,故主干可以译为“简把一张纸条放进了一只瓶子” 。with her name and address on
it 是后置定语,修饰 a piece of paper,由于这部分定语比较短,故可以前置翻译为“写有她
姓名和住址的”
。②整体可以译为:简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子。

第三步,将各简单句的译文进行整合。
这句话可以译为:去年,当我们横渡英吉利海峡时,简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条
装进了一只瓶子。

P304
It became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost that did most
of their work for them.

第一步,通过找关联词和谓语动词,梳理修饰成分,对句子进行如下切分。
①It became an accepted fact ②that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost ③that
主系表 主语从句
did most of their work for them.
定语从句

第二步,分别翻译每个部分
①It became an accepted fact
①中有系动词 became,且这部分的开头没有关联词,因此是句子的主干。It 是形式主
语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。accepted 意为“公认的”
。①可以译为:这成为了公
认的事实。

②that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghost


②为 that 引导的主语从句。employ 意为“雇用” ,conscientious 意为“勤勉认真的,一
丝不苟的” 。②可以译为:考科斯兄弟雇了一个尽心尽责的鬼。

③that did most of their work for them


③为 that 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 ghost。③可以译为:帮他们做了大部分活。

第三步,整合全句的译文
这句话可以译为:考科斯兄弟雇了一个尽心尽责的鬼,帮他们做了大部分活,这件事成
了公认的事实。

P305
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.

第一步,找出句中的修饰成分
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move ①(from place to place) ②
(with ease).
这句话中主要有两个修饰成分,①和②都是介词结构。

第二步,明确句子的主干
句子的主干是 His few material possessions make it possible for him to move。

第三步,分析主干并进行翻译
这里的 few 意为“没几个,几乎没有” ,possession 意为“个人财产,私人物品” ,material
possession 意为“物质财产”。make it possible for sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做某事成为可能” 。
故主干可以译为:他几乎没什么物质财产,这使得搬迁成为可能。

第四步,分析各修饰成分并进行翻译
①和②都是介词结构作状语,修饰动词 move。from place to place 意为“到处;从一地
,with ease 意为“熟练地,不费力地”。
到另一地”

第五步,将主干和各修饰成分的译文进行整合
我们将主干和所有修饰成分的译文整合在一起,并加以调整,全句可译为:他几乎没有
什么物质财产,这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。

Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided not to
buy anything until I had disembarked.

第一步,通过找关联词和谓语动词,梳理修饰成分,对句子进行如下切分
①Many of the tourists ②on board ①had begun bargaining ③with the tradesmen, ④but I
主 介词结构 1 谓 介词结构 2
decided not to buy anything ⑤until I had disembarked.
主谓宾 时间状语从句

第二步,分别翻译每个部分
①Many of the tourists ②on board ①had begun bargaining ③with the tradesmen
①中有谓语动词 had begun bargaining,且这部分的开头没有关联词,故为句子主干的一
部分。②和③都是介词结构。on board 意为“在船(火车、飞机)上” ,bargain 意为“讨价
还价,商讨条件” ,tradesman 意为“上门推销商;送货员” ,①+②+③可以译为:船上的许
多游客开始同商贩讨价还价起来。

④but I decided not to buy anything ⑤until I had disembarked


④中有谓语动词 decided,且这部分的开头有并列连词 but,因此是句子主干的另一部分。
⑤是 until 引导的时间状语从句。until 和④中的 not 组成“not … until …”结构,意为“直
到……才……” 。disembark 意为“下(车、船、飞机等)” 。④+⑤可以译为:我决定上岸前
什么也不买。

第三步,整合全句的译文
这句话可以译为:船上的许多游客开始同商贩讨价还价起来,但我打定主意上岸之前什
么也不买。

P306
When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find that the little black lamb
was almost white.

第一步,通过找关联词和谓语动词,梳理修饰成分,对句子进行如下切分
①When he went outside half an hour later, ②he was astonished to find ③that the little
时间状语从句 主系表 宾语从句
black lamb was almost white.

第二步,分别翻译每个部分
①When he went outside half an hour later
①是 When 引导的时间状语从句,其中还包含一个时间状语 half an hour later,翻译时可
以将其前置。故这部分可以译为:半小时后,当他出来时。

②he was astonished to find ④that the little black lamb was almost white
②中有系动词 was,且这部分的开头没有关联词,因此是句子的主干。③是 that 引导的
宾语从句,作 find 的宾语。②+③可以译为:他惊奇地发现小黑羔羊全身几乎都变成了白色。

第三步,整合全句的译文
最后,我们对译文进行调整,即:半小时后,当他从屋里出来时,他惊奇地发现小黑羔
羊全身几乎都变成了白色。

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