Exercise 1.

5
Question 1 .
Rationalize the following :
3
(i) √5
4

5√ 7
(ii)
√3
3
(iii)
4− √7

17
(iv) +1
3√ 2
N AT IS
16
(v)
C N
PY
√41−5
O C D
O IO
1
D U AA

(vi)
√7− √6
O
1
(vii)
ED PR

√5+ √2
T

√2+√3
(viii)
√2− √3
©

Solution:
3
(i) √5
4

Let us rationalize,

3 3×√5
√5 =
4 4√5 ×√5
3√5
=
4×5
3√5
=
20
 𝟓√𝟕
(ii)
√𝟑
Let us rationalize,
𝟓√𝟕 5√7×√3
=
√𝟑 √3 ×√3
5√21
=
3
𝟑
(iii)
𝟒−√𝟕
Let us rationalize,
3 3×4+√7
=
4−√7 (4−√7)×(4+√7)
3(4+√7)
= 2
(4 2 −(√7)
N AT IS
3(4+√7)
C N
PY
=
O C D

(16−7)
O IO
D U AA

3(4+√7) O
=
9
ED PR

(4+√7)
=
3
T
©

𝟏𝟕
(iv) + 𝟏
𝟑√𝟐
Let us rationalize,
17 17(3√2−1)
+ 1=
3√2 (3√2+ 1)(3√2−1)
17(3√2−1)
= 2
(3√2) −12
17(3√2−1)
=
9.2−1
17(3√2−1)
=
18−1
17(3√2−1)
=
17
= (3√2– 1)
 𝟏𝟔
(v)
√𝟒𝟏−𝟓
Let us rationalize,
16 16(√41+ 5)
=
√41−5 (√41− 5)(√41+5)
16(√41+ 5)
= 2
(√41) −52
16(√41+ 5)
=
41−25
16(√41+ 5
=
16
= (√41 + 5)
N AT IS
𝟏
C N
PY
(vi)
O C D

√𝟕−√𝟔
O IO
Let us rationalize,
D U AA

1
O 1(√7+√6)
=
√7−√6 (√7−√6) (√7+√6)
ED PR

(√7+√6)
=
T

2 2
(√7) − (√6)
©

√7+√6
=
7−6
√7+√6
=
1
= (√7 + √6)
𝟏
(vii)
√𝟓+√𝟐
Let us rationalize,
1 1(√5−√2)
=
√5+√2 (√5+ √2)(√5−√2)
(√5 – √2)
= 2 2
[(√5) – (√2) ]
 √5−√2
=
5−2
√5−√2
=
3
√5−√2
=
3
√𝟐+√𝟑
(viii)
√𝟐−√𝟑
Let us rationalize,
√2+√3 (√2+√3) (√2+√3)
=
√2−√3 (√2−√3) (√2+√3)
(√2+√3)2
= 2 2
(√2) −(√3)
N AT IS
2+3+2√2√3
=
2−3
C N
PY
O C D

5+2√6
O IO
=
D U AA

1 O
= – (5 + 2√6)
ED PR

T
©

Question 2.
Simplify:
(𝟕 + 𝟑√𝟓)
(i)
(𝟕 – 𝟑√𝟓)

(𝟑 – 𝟐√𝟐)
(ii)
(𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟐)

(𝟓 – 𝟑√𝟏𝟒)
(iii)
(𝟕 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟒)

Solution:
 (𝟕 + 𝟑√𝟓)
(i)
(𝟕 – 𝟑√𝟓)
Let us rationalize the denominator, we get
(7 + 3√5) [(7 + 3√5) (7 + 3√5)]
=
(7 – 3√5) [(7 – 3√5) (7 + 3√5)]
2
(7+3√5)
= 2
72 −(3√5)
2
72 +3(√5) +2.7.3√5
=
49−9.5
49+9.5+42√5
=
49−45
[49 + 45 + 42√5]
=
[4]
N AT IS
[94 + 42√5]
C N
PY
=
O C D

4
O IO
D U AA

2[47 + 21√5]
= O
4
[47 + 21√5]
ED PR

=
2
T
©

(𝟑 – 𝟐√𝟐)
(ii)
(𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟐)
Let us rationalize the denominator, we get
(3 – 2√2) [(3 – 2√2) (3 – 2√2)]
=
(3 + 2√2) [(3 + 2√2) (3 – 2√2)]
(3−2√2 )2
=
(32 − 2√2 )2
[32 + (2√2)2 − 2.3.2√2 ]
=
[9−4.2]
[9 + 4.2 – 12√2]
=
[9 – 8]
[9 + 8 – 12√2]
=
1
= 17 – 12√2

(𝟓 – 𝟑√𝟏𝟒)
(iii)
(𝟕 + 𝟐√𝟏𝟒)
Let us rationalize the denominator, we get
(5 – 3√14) [(5 – 3√14) (7 – 2√14)]
=
(7 + 2√14) [(7 + 2√14) (7 – 2√14)]
[5(7 – 2√14) – 3√14 (7 – 2√14)]
=
[72 –(2√14]2
[35 – 10√14 – 21√14 + 6.14]
=
[49 – 4.14]
[35 – 31√14+ 84]
=
[49 – 56]
N AT IS
[119 – 31√14]
=
[−7]
C N
PY
O C D

−[119 – 31√14]
O IO
=
D U AA

7 O
[31√14– 119]
=
7
ED PR

Question 3.
T
©

Simplify:
𝟕√𝟑 𝟐√𝟓 𝟑 √𝟐
( )– ( )– ( )
√𝟏𝟎 + √𝟑 (√𝟔 + √𝟓) (√𝟏𝟓 + 𝟑√𝟐)

Solution:
Let us simplify individually,
7√ 3
( )
√10 + √3
Let us rationalize the denominator,
7√ 3 [7√3 (√10 – √3)]
( ) =
√10 + √3 [(√10 + √3) (√10 – √3)]
[7√3.√10 – 7√3.√3]
= 2
[(√10)2 − (√3)
 [7√30 – 7.3]
=
[10 – 3]
7[√30 – 3]
=
7
= √30 – 3
Now
2√ 5
( )
(√6 + √5)
Let us rationalize the denominator, we get
2√ 5 [2√5 (√6 – √5)]
( )=
(√6 + √5) [(√6+ √5) (√6– √5)]
[2√5.√6 – 2√5.√5]
= 2 2
[(√6) −(√5) ]
N AT IS
[2√30– 2.5]
=
[6 – 5]
C N
PY
O C D

[2√30 – 10]
O IO
=
D U AA

1 O
= 2√30 - 10
ED PR

Now,
3 √2
( )
T

(√15 + 3√2)
©

Let us rationalize the denominator, we get

3 √2 [3√2 (√15– 3√2)]

( )=
(√15 + 3√2) [(√15+ 3√2) (√15– 3√2)]

[3√2.√15– 3√2.3√2]
= 2 2
[(√15) −(3√2)

[3√30– 9.2]
=
[15 – 9.2]

[3√30 – 18]
=
[15 – 18]

3[√30– 6]
=
[−3]
 [√30– 6]
=
−1

= 6 – √30

So, according to the question let us substitute the obtained values,

7√ 3 2√ 5 3 √2
( )– ( )– ( )
√10 + √3 (√6 + √5) (√15 + 3√2)

= (√30– 3) – (2√30– 10) – (6 – √30)

= √30– 3 – 2√30+ 10 – 6 + √30
= 2√30 – 2√30 - 3 + 10 - 6
N AT IS
=1
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Question 4.
O
Simplify:
ED PR

1 1 1 1 1
T

[ ] +[ ]+[ ]+[ ]+[ ]

√4+√5 √5+√6 √6+√7 √7+√8 √8+√9
©

Solution:
let us simplify individually,
1
[ ]
√4+√5
Rationalize the denominator, we get

1
1 √4−√5
[ ] =[ ]
√4+√5 (√4+√5)(√4−√5)

(√4−√5)
= 2
(√4) −(√5)2

(√4−√5)
=[ ]
(4−5)
 (√4−√5)
=[ ]
−1
= - (√4 − √5)
Now,
1
[ ]
√5+√6
Rationalize the denominator, we get
1
1 √5−√6
[ ]= [ ]
√5+√6 ( √5+√6)(√5−√6)

√5−√6
= [ ]
(√5)2(√6)2
(√5−√6)
= [ ]
(5−6)
N AT IS
(√5−√6)
=[ ]
−1
C N
PY
O C D

= - (√5 − √6)
O IO
D U AA

Now, O
1
[ ]
√6+√7
ED PR

Rationalize the denominator, we get

T

1
©

1 √6−√7
[ ] = [ ]
√6+√7 ( √6+√7)(√6−√7)
(√6−√7)
= [ ]
(√6)2 −(√7)2
(√6−√7)
= [ ]
(6−7)
(√6−√7)
= [ ]
−1
= -(√6 − √7)

Now ,
1
[ ]
(√7−√8)
Rationalize the denominator , we get
 1
1 (√7−√8)
[ ] =[ ]
(√7−√8) (√7+√8)(√7−√8)

(√7−√8)
= [ ]
(√7)2−(√8)2
(√7−√8)
=[ ]
(7−8)
(√7−√8)
=[ ]
−1
= - (√7 − √8)
Now,
1
[ ]
√8+√9
N AT IS
Rationalize the denominator, we get
1
C N
PY
1
O C D

√ √9
8−
[ ]=[ ]
O IO
√8+√9 (√8+√9)(√8−√9)
D U AA

(√8−√9)
= 2
O
(√8) −(√9)2
ED PR

√8−√9
=[ ]
8−9
T

(√8−√9)
= [ ]
©

−1
= - (√8 − √9)
So, according to the question let us substitute the obtained values,

1 1 1 1 1
[ ] +[ ]+[ ]+[ ]+[ ]
√4+√5 √5+√6 √6+√7 √7+√8 √8+√9

= -(√4 − √5) + -(√5 − √6) + -(√6 − √7) + -(√7 − √8) + -(√8 − √9)
= -√4 + √5 – √5 + √6 – √6 + √7 – √7 + √8 – √8 + √9
= - √4 + √5
= -2 + 3
=1
 Question 5.
Given , Find the value of a and b, if
[3−√5] 19
(i) = -1 + a√5
[3+2√5] 11

[√2+√3]
(ii) = a - b√6
[3√2−2√3]

[7+√5] [7−√5] 7
(iii) − =a+ 𝑏√5
[7−√5] [7+√5] 11
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D

Solution:
O IO
D U AA

[3−√5] 19
(i)
O
= -1 + a√5
[3+2√5] 11
ED PR

Let us consider LHS

T

[3−√5]
©

[3+2√5]

Rationalize the denominator,

[𝟑−√𝟓]
[𝟑−√𝟓] [𝟑−𝟐√𝟓]
=
[𝟑+𝟐√𝟓] [(3+2√5)(3−2√5)

3(3−2√5)−√5 (3−2√5)
= [ ]
32 −(2√5)2
[9−6√5−3√5+2.5]
=
[9−4.5]
[9−6√5−3√5+10]
=
[9−20]
[19−9√5]
=
−11
 19 9√5
= - +
11 11
So when comparing with RHS
19 9√5 19
- + =- + a√5
11 11 11

9
Hence, value of a =
11

[√𝟐+√𝟑]
(ii) = a – b√𝟔
[𝟑√𝟐−𝟐√𝟑]
Let us consider LHS
N AT IS
[√2+√3]

C N
PY
[3√2−2√3]
O C D

Rationalize the denominator,

O IO
D U AA

[√2+√3] (√2+√3)(3√2+2√3)
=[
O ]
[3√2−2√3] (3√2−2√3)(3√2+2√3)
ED PR

[√2(3√2+2√3)+√3(3√2+2√3)]
T

=
[(3√2)2 −(2√3)2 ]
©

[3.2+2√2√3+ 3√2√3+2.3]
=
[9.2−4.3]

[ 6+2√6+3√6+6]
=
[18−12]

[ 12+5√6 ]
=
6

12 5√ 6
= +
6 6

5√ 6
=2+
6
 5√ 6
= 2 – (− )
6

So when comparing with RHS

5√ 6
2–(- ) = a - b√6
6

5
Hence, value of a = 2 and b = -
6

𝟕+√𝟓 𝟕− √𝟓 𝟕
(iii) [ ]–[ ]= a + b√𝟓
𝟕−√𝟓 𝟕+√𝟓 𝟏𝟏
N AT IS
[7+ √5]
C N
[7−√5] 7

PY
− b√5
O C D

=a+
[7−√5] [7+√5] 11
O IO
D U AA

O
Let us consider LHS
ED PR

Since there are two terms, let us solve individually

T

[ 7+ √5]
©

[7−√5]

Rationalize the denominator,

[ 7+ √5] [(7+ √5)(7+√5)]
=
[7−√5] [(7−√5)(7+√5)]
[(7+ √5)]2
=
[72 −(√5)2 ]

[72 +(√5)2+2.7.√5]
=
[49−5]
[49+5+14√5]
=
[44]
[54+14√5]
=
44
Now,
[7− √5]
[7+√5]
Rationalize the denominator,
[7− √5] (7−√5) (7−√5)
=
[7+√5] (7+ √5)(7−√5)

(7−√5)2
=[ ]
(72 −(√5)2)

[72 +(√5)2 − 2.7.√5]

=
[49−5]

[49+5−14√5]
=
N AT IS
[44]

C N
PY
O C D

[54−14√5]
=
O IO
D U AA

44 O
So, according to the question
ED PR

[7+ √5] [7−√5]

T

−
[7− √5] [7+√5]
©

By substituting the obtained values,

[54+14√5] [54−14√5]
= −
44 44

[54+14√5− 54+14√5]
=
44

28√5
=
44

7√ 5
=
11
 So when comparing with RHS

7√ 5 7
= a + b√5
11 11

Hence, value of a = 0 and b = 1

Question 6.

Simplify:
N AT IS
[𝟕+𝟑√𝟓] [𝟕−𝟑√𝟓]
− = p + q√𝟓
[𝟑+√𝟓] [𝟑−√𝟓 ]
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Solution: O
Let us consider LHS
ED PR

Since there are two terms, let us solve individually

T
©

[𝟕+𝟑√𝟓]
[𝟑+√𝟓]

Rationalize the denominator ,

[𝟕+𝟑√𝟓] ( 7+3√5)( 3−√5)

=
[𝟑+√𝟓] (3+ √5 )( 3− √5)
[7 (3−√5)+3√5(3− √5)]
=
[32 − (√5)2 ]
[21−7√5+ 9√5− 3.5]
=
[9−5]
[21+2√5− 15]
=
4
6+2√5
=
4
 2[3+√5]
=
4
[ 3+ √5]
=
2

Rationalize the denominator,

[ 7−3√5] [( 7−3√5)( 3+ √5)]

=
[3−√5] [(3−√5)(3+√5)]

[7(3+√5)− 3√5(3+ √5)]

=
[32 − (√5)2 ]

[ 21+7√5− 9√5− 3.5]

N AT IS
=
[9−5]
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
[ 21−2√5− 15]
D U AA

=
4
O
[ 6−2√5]
ED PR

=
4
T

2[3−√5]
=
©

[3−√5]
=
2

So, according to the question

[ 7+3√5] [7−3√5]
−
[3+√5] [3−√5]

By substituting the obtained values,

[3+√5] [3−√5]
= −
2 2
 [3+ √5−3+ √5]
=
2

[2√5]
=
2

= √5

So when comparing with RHS

√5 = p + q√5

Hence, value of p = 0 and q = 1

N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

Question 7. O
If √2 = 1.414 , √3 = 1.732 find
ED PR

√𝟐
(i)
(𝟐 + √𝟐)
©

1
(ii)
(√𝟑 + √𝟐)

Solution:
√𝟐
(i)
(𝟐 + √𝟐)
By rationalizing the denominator,
√𝟐 [√2(2−√2)]
=
(𝟐 + √𝟐) [(2+√2)(2−√2)]
[2√2−2 ]
=
[22 −(√2)2 ]
[2√2−2]
=
[4−2]
 2[√2−1]
=
2

= √2 - 1
= 1.414 – 1
= 0.414

𝟏
(ii)
(√𝟑 + √𝟐)

By rationalizing the denominator,

1 [1(√3−√2)]
=
(√𝟑 + √𝟐) [√3+√2][√3−√2]
N AT IS
[(√3−√2)]
C N
PY
=
O C D

[(√3)2 −(√2)2]
O IO
D U AA

= [
(√3−√2)
]
O
3−2
ED PR

(√3−√2)
=( )
T

1
©

= 1.732 – 1.414

= 0.318

Question 8.

1 1
If a = 2 + √3 , find , ( a - )
𝑎 𝑎
Solution :
Given:
a = 2 + √3
so,
1 1
=
𝑎 2+√3

By rationalizing the denominator,

1 1(2−√3)
=
(2+ √3) ( 2+√3)(2−√3)

[(2−√3)]
= 2
[22 −(√3) ]

[(2−√3)]
=
[4−3]

= ( 2 - √3 )
N AT IS
Then ,
C N
PY
1
O C D

A- = 2 + √3 − ( 2 − √3 )
𝑎
O IO
D U AA

= 2 + √3 - 2 + √3 O
= 2√3
ED PR

Question 9.
T

Solve:
©

1 1
If x = 1 - √2 , find , ( x - )4
𝑥 𝑥
Solution:
Given:
X = 1 - √2

So,
1 1
=
𝑥 (1 – √2)

By rationalizing the denominator,

1 [1 (1+ √2 )]
=
(1 – √2) [(1−√2 )(1+√2 )]
 (1+√2 )
= [ ]
12 −(√2 )2

(1+ √2 )
= [ ]
1−2

(1+ √2 )
=
−1

= -(1 + √2 )
Then ,

1
( x - )4 = [ 1 - √2 - ( -1 - √2 )]4
𝑥
N AT IS
= [ 1 - √2 + 1 + √2]2
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

= 24 O
= 16
ED PR

Question : 10.
T
©

1 1
If x = 5 - 2√6 , find , ( x2 - )
𝑥 𝑥2

Solution:
Given :
X = 5 - 2√6

So,
1 1
=
𝑥 (5 – 2√6)

By rationalizing the denominator,

1 [1(5+2√6)]
=
(5 – 2√6) [(5−2√6 )(5+2√6)]
 [( 5+2√6)]
= 2
[52 −(2√6 ) ]

[( 5+2√6)]
=
[25−4.6]

[( 5+2√6)]
=
[ 25−24]

( 5 + 2 √6 )
Then ,
1
X+ = 5 - 2√6 + ( 5 + 2√6)
𝑥
N AT IS
= 10
C N
PY
O C D

Square on both sides we get

O IO
D U AA

1
(𝑥 + )2 = 102
O
𝑥
ED PR

1 2 1
x2 + + 2x. = 100
𝑥 𝑥
T

12
x2 + + 2 = 100
©

𝑥
12
x2 + = 100- 2
𝑥
= 98

Question 11.

( 𝟐− √𝟓) ( 𝟐+ √𝟓)
If p = and q = , find the values of
(𝟐+√𝟓) (𝟐− √𝟓)

(i) p + q

(ii) p – q
(iii) p2 + q2

(iv) p2 – q2

Solution:

Given :

( 𝟐− √𝟓) ( 𝟐+ √𝟓)
P= and q =
(𝟐+√𝟓) (𝟐− √𝟓)

(i) p + q
N AT IS
( 𝟐− √𝟓) ( 𝟐+ √𝟓)
C N
PY
+
O C D

(𝟐+√𝟓) (𝟐− √𝟓)

O IO
D U AA

O
So by rationalizing the denominator, we get
2 2
ED PR

( 2−√5 ) + ( 2+√5 )
=[ 2 ]
22 −(√5 )
T
©

[ 4+5−4√5+ 4+5+4√5 ]
=
[4−5 ]

18
=
−1
= -18

(ii) p – q

(2− √5) (2+ √5)

−
(2+√5) (2−√5)

So by rationalizing the denominator, we get

 2
(2− √5 )2− ( 2+ √5)
= 2
( 22 −(√5) )
[ 4+5−4√5− ( 4+5+4√5)]
=
4−5
[ 9−4√5− 9−4√5]
=
−1
−8√5
=
−1
= 8√5

(iii) p2 + q2
N AT IS
We know that ( p + q )2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq
C N
PY
O C D

So,
O IO
D U AA

O
P2 + q2 = ( p + q )2 – 2pq
ED PR

(2−√5) (2+√5)
Pq = [ ]× [ ]
T

(2+√5) (2−√5)
©

=1

P + q = -18

So,

P2 + q2 = ( p + q)2 – 2pq

= ( -18)2 – 2(1)

= 324 – 2

= 322
(iv) p2 – q2

We know that, p2 – q2 = ( p + q ) ( p – q )

So, by substituting the values

P2 – q2 = ( p + q ) ( p – q )

= ( -18) ( 8√5 )

= -144 √5
N AT IS
Question 12.
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
(√𝟐 – 𝟏) (√𝟐 + 𝟏)
D U AA

If x = and y = find
( √𝟐 + 𝟏) ( √𝟐 – 𝟏)
O
ED PR

(i) x + y
T

(ii) xy
©

Solution:

Given :

(√2 – 1) (√2 + 1)
X= and y =
( √2 + 1) ( √2 – 1)

(i) x + y

(√2 – 1) (√2 + 1)
=[ ]+[ ]
( √2 + 1) ( √2 – 1)
By rationalizing the denominator
(√2− 1)2 + (√2+ 1)2
=[ ]
(√2)2− 12
 [2+1−2√2+ 2+1+2√2]
=
[2−1]
6
=
1
=6

(ii) xy

(√2 – 1) (√2 + 1)
[ ] × [ ]
( √2+ 1) ( √2– 1)

=1
N AT IS
C N
PY
O C D
O IO
D U AA

O
ED PR

T
©