Conjunctions of Contrast and Reason Conjunctions of Contrast Liéi IN SPITE OF / DESPITE Afterin spite of and despite we use a noun phrase. tu/chi sutuong phan We really enjoyed our holiday in spite o Despite having qualifications, | wasn't accepted. The only difference betweenin spite of and despiteis the word''of. You keep making that stupid noise even though I've asked you to stop three times. (2) What do you know about the word ‘though? Conjunctions of Reason All these conjunctions introduce clauses of cause ‘and reason, but the structures accompanying them aredifferent. ‘We can usein spite ofand despite with a subject ‘and verb if we include the expression ‘the fact that! In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn't manage to pass the exam, ALTHOUGH Afteralthough we use a subject and a verb. Although he worked very hard, he alin’t manage to pass the exam. Note that we DO NOT use but with although. krdng siecing but ng weialthough pgcagotecossthacct EVEN THOUGH Even though a slightly stronger form of although. Like although, even though is followed by a subject and a verb. 94 www.ngheducation.edu.vn// GATE BECAUSE / AS / SINCE Because is followed by a subject and a verb. Because she spentall night surfing the web, she feels sick now ‘As and since can also be used to replace because. AAs she spent all night surfing the web, she feels sick now. BECAUSE OF / DUE TO / THANKS TO / OWING TO All these are followed by a noun phrase. The flight was delayed because of ad weather, Alot of her unhappiness is due to boredom, Thanks to Sandi, | heard about the job. ‘We can use these conjunctions with a subject and verb if we include the expression ‘the fact that’. He was fired because of the fact thathe openly ‘2ppased his boss.NQH Education Centre PRACTICE Part1 Match the two halves of the sentences. Supply the correct form of the words or verbs in the parentheses. nin spite of the wun (earth) owe (go) for a walk despite his mm (race) jokes We Still nme» (buy) our son a gift for his birthday “WE wom (not be) close friends seven though she ww (have) a temper due to his incredible... (strong) he often .nnu (feel) tired in the morning 1 Though we didn't have a lot of money, 2. Wiliam was not punished 3 Luckily, nobody was hurt. 4 Although we went to university together, 5 Wealllove and respect Sue 6 Inspite of the cold weather, 7 Because he stays up late, 8 The man was able to lft that bike Part 2 Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Make use of the conjunctions you have just leaned. 1. enjoy water sports. I don't enjoy swimming in the sea. Even, 2. | work over time whenever | can, However, | never save enough money. In 10 1 R NOH EIEN NOVELTY” QUALITY = HUMANITY The book was a bestseller. The movie was a flop. The. leat a lot of fat, yet | always manage to stay slim. Despite, She studies fashion and design, but she has no dress sense. She. Angel never arrived on time for school However, she achieved an outstanding GPA In The Central District is heavily polluted. It attracts thousands of visitors every day. Due... Despite. | was tired after the journey. | had been driving non-stop for twelve hours. Because. | was ill for several months and I lost my job. I ‘We will have to cancel the picnic. ttis raining ‘again. Due. Lisa was so helpful, so we finished the project ontime, Thanks. The match was cancelled. The weather was not good enough. The. GATE //www.ngheducation.eduvn 95Part 3 Put the conjunctions below into the corectspaces in the text. In some cases, more than one option is possible. in spite of although because of since because as Management Services Report Many of the public areas are obstructed 1 some residents have been putting personal belongings outside the doors 2 warnings posted on the notice boards, some residents have continued to do this, Another problem is waste disposal. Some residents fail to put the lids back on the bins and 3. this thoughtlessness, cockroaches have been sighted on the stairwells. 4 we have laid bait traps all over the building, we cannot solve the problem 5. people continue to leave rubbish exposed. 6 such behaviour poses a severe health hazard, we should consider legal ‘action against persistent offenders. Part 4 Fillin each blank with ONE suitable word: Put@ if there is no need for one. 1 Despite the rain, we still went to the park. 2 We decided to go to Joe's house we didn't really know the way. 3 Even he lives alone, he still doesn't feel very lonely. 4 Tom bought two kilos of apples the fact that his mom told him to buy only one. 5 Alice and Denise are looking forward to the concert, they do not have enough money to buy the tickets 6 Thanks her efforts, the dog was rescued. 7 Because his son does not listen to him, he feels very unhappy. In of hisillness, he still went to work 9 Because his son does not listen to him, he feels very unhappy. 96 www.ngheducation.edu.vn//GATE 10 He was made redundant due his incompetence at work. PartS —Completethe sentences with despite / in spite of or although / even though. 1 exams are important, students «also need to continue doing their hobbies. 2 Many young people enjoy extreme sports, the danger. 3 Cooking is an important life skill, many teenagers cannot do it. 4 Most teenagers relax in the evenings, having large amounts of homework. 5 Youlearn as much from extrc-curricular activities as you do in lessons, you don't do exams in them, 6 — Youcan|earn a musical instrument at any cage, it's easier when you are young.