BREAST CANCER

MEDICAL ENGLISH DANANG, Spd.,M.Pd

GROUP MEMBER’S NAME “D”
AGNESIA LISSA
NATALIA BUTET
STANISLAUS RAKES RONALDO
VERONIKA NELI

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 1.
DEFINITION

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 “
Breast cancer is a type of malignant tumor that
develops in breast cells. This cancer can grow if there is
an abnormal growth of cells in the breast. These cells
divide faster than normal cells and accumulate, which
then form lumps or masses. In more severe stages,
these abnormal cells can spread through the lymph
nodes to other organs of the body.

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 2.
TYPES OF BREAST
CANCER

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There are several types of breast cancer which are divided into two
different types, namely invasive and non-invasive. Invasive breast cancer
occurs when cancer cells have spread to other parts of the breast.
Meanwhile, non-invasive breast cancer is a condition where the cancer
cells have not spread from their original tissue. There are several types of
breast cancer that often occur : Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Lobular
Carnicoma In Situ, Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, and Invasive Lobular
Carcinoma.
Meanwhile, some rare types of breast cancer are Paget's disease of the
breast, angiosarcoma, to phyllodes tumor.
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 3.
CAUSES AND FACTORS

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Breast cancer occurs due to abnormal growth of cells in the breast. This
abnormal growth is thought to be caused by genetically inherited gene
mutations. In addition, there are several risk factors that are suspected to be a
trigger for breast cancer, namely:The female gender is much higher than that of
the male.Increasing age, mostly at the age of over 50 years.
Never been pregnant before. The habit of smoking or drinking alcoholic
beverages. Overweight or obesity.Starting menopause at an older age, ie after
the age of 55 years. Start menstruating before age 12. Use of hormonal
contraceptives and hormone therapy after menopause. History of breast cancer
in oneself in one breast.History of breast cancer in grandmother, mother, aunt,
sister, brother, or biological child. History of exposure to radiation.

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 4.
SYMPTOMS

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At an early stage, breast cancer may not show certain symptoms. Therefore, it is very
important to do BSE or breast self-examination every month, 10 days after the end of
menstruation. Carefully feel the breast clockwise to detect any lumps or changes in the breast.
Some of the symptoms of breast cancer, including:

x. A lump or hardening of the breast that
is different from the surrounding tissue.
x. Blood coming out of the nipple.
x. Redness or enlarged breast skin pores
x. that resemble orange peel.
Pain and swelling in the breast.
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x. Exfoliation of the skin around the
nipples.
x. Changes in the skin of the breast, such
as depression.
x. Changes in the size, shape, or
appearance of the breasts.
x. The nipple is pulled in (retraction or
inversion) inward.
x. A lump or swelling under the armpit.
 5.
DIAGNOSIS

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The doctor will diagnose breast cancer by conducting a complete medical interview,
direct physical examination to detect changes in the breast and lymph nodes in the
armpit, as well as supporting examinations, such as:
Mammogram or breast photo, to detect abnormalities in the breast.
Ultrasonography (USG) with of the breast, to determine breast lumps in the form of
solid masses or cysts filled fluid.Biopsy by taking tissue samples, to be examined in
the laboratory and determine whether the cells being examined are benign or
malignant.Computerized Tomography scan (CT scan) and Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI), to determine the size and spread of breast cancer.

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 6.
TREATMENT

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 Breast cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer
experienced, the stage of cancer, the size of the mass, and the
sensitivity of the cancer cells to hormones. The doctor will
determine the most appropriate therapy for the patient's
condition based on these things. There are several treatment
options for breast cancer, including :

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Surgery, which includes removal of the cancer or lump (lumpectomy),
removal of the entire breast (mastectomy), removal of a limited number of
lymph nodes (sentinel node biopsy), or removal of some lymph nodes (axillary
lymph node dissection).Radiotherapy, which uses the energy of X-rays and
protons, to kill cancer cells.Chemotherapy, which is done using certain drugs,
to kill cancer cells. Hormone inhibitor therapy, if the cancer is known to be
sensitive to the hormones estrogen or progesterone.Generally, patients will
undergo a surgical procedure for breast cancer and receive other treatment
before and/or after surgery, such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or
radiation therapy.

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 7.
OTHER SUPPORTING
TOPIC

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According to a recent report, breast cancer in women has surpassed lung cancer, as the
most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. The paper, published in CA: A Cancer Journal
for Clinicians on Thursday, estimates that there will be an estimated 2.3 million new cases
of female breast cancer in 2020, accounting for 11.7 % of all new cancer cases.

Global Cancer Observatory 2018 data from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows
that the most common cancer cases in Indonesia are breast cancer, which is 58,256 cases
or 16.7% of the total 348,809 cancer cases.

The kementrian kesehatan (Kemenkes) stated that the breast cancer rate in Indonesia
reached 42.1% people/ 100,000 population. The average death rate from cancer is 17
people/ 100,000 population.

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Even though none of our family has the disease, it's good for us
to still check ourselves personally, find out whether we have
the disease or not, because after all the disease is still
dangerous, especially for women. keep your diet, exercise
regularly, and always pay attention to yourself. An ounce of
prevention is worth a pound of cure.

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breast cancer pictures

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thanks!

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