CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This study was designed to determine the relationship of the level of

exposure to anti-smoking advertisements and the attitudes and perception

towards smoking of Lamo National High School male students. The presentation,

analysis and interpretation of data in this chapter follow the sequence of the

specific questions posted in Chapter I.

Profile of the Respondents

The profile of the respondents was presented through tables with

frequency and percentages.

Table 2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to Age

Age Range Frequency Percent

18 – 19 33 17.50
16 – 17 45 23.80
14 – 15 60 31.70
12 – 13 51 27.00
Total 189 100.00

Data in Table 2 show that 60 or 31.70% of the respondents belong to the

age group 14 – 15; 51 or 27.00%to the 12 – 13 age group; 45 or 23.80% to the

16 – 17 age group; and 33 or 17.50% to the 18 – 19 age group. The youngest is

12 and the oldest is 19.

Table 3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to Grade

Level

Grade Level Frequency Percent

Grade 12 11 5.80
Grade 11 17 9.00
Grade 10 27 14.30
Grade 9 37 19.60
Grade 8 49 25.90
Grade 7 48 25.40
Total 189 100.00

Data in table 3 show that majority of the respondents were Grade 9 with

49 or 25.90%; followed Grade 7 with 48 or 25.40%; Grade 9 with 37 or 19.60%;

Grade 10 with 27 or 14.30%; Grade 11 with 17 or 9.00%; and Grade 12 with 11

or 5.80%.

Table 4

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Estimated Allowance per Week

Estimated Allowance per

Frequency Percent
Week
More than P 501.00 12 6.30
P 401.00 – P 500.00 29 15.30
P 301.00 – P 400.00 41 21.70
P 201.00 – P 300.00 58 30.70
P 101.00 – P 200.00 30 15.90
Less than P 100.00 19 10.10
Total 189 100.0
 Based on the above table, majority of the respondents have an estimated

allowance per week of P201.00 – P300.00 with 58 or 30.70%; followed by

P301.00 – P400.00 with 41 or 21.70%; P101.00 – P200.00 with 30 or 15.90%;

P401.00 – P500.00 with 29 or 15.30%; Less than P100.00 with 19 or 10.10%;

and more than P501.00 with 12 or 6.30%.

Table 5

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Smoking Prevalence Experimented with Cigarette Smoking

Frequency Percent
Oo 75 39.70
Hindi 114 60.30
Total 189 100.00

Based on the above table, majority of the respondents were non-smokers

as evidenced by 114 or 60.30% while 75 or 39.70% were smokers.

Table 6

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Smoking Prevalence in terms of Age Tried Cigarette

Frequency Percent
Hindi ako nanigarilyo kailanman 114 60.30
12 – 15 taong gulang 75 39.70
Total 189 100.00
 Based on the above table, majority of the respondents were non-smokers

with 114 or 60.30% while 75 or 39.70% of the respondents started smoking 12 –

15 years of age.

Table 7

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Smoking Prevalence in terms of Number of Days Smoking in the Last 30 days or

1 Month

Frequency Percent
Hindi ako nanigarilyo kailanman 114 60.30
Wala 27 14.30
1 – 9 araw 48 25.40
Total 189 100.00

Based on the above table, majority of the respondents were non-smokers

with 114 or 60.30%; 48 or 25.40% of the respondents smoked 1 – 9 days in the

last 30 days or 1 month; and 27 or 14.30% did not smoke in the last 30 days or 1

month.

Table 8

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Smoking Prevalence in terms of Number of Sticks per Day in the last 30 days or

1 month
 Frequency Percent
Hindi ako nanigarilyo kailanman 114 60.30
Hindi ako nanigarilyo nitong nakaraang 30 araw (1
27 14.30
buwan)
1 – 5 sigarilyo kada araw 48 25.40
Total 189 100.00

Based on the above table, majority of the respondents were non-smokers

with 114 or 60.30%; 48 or 25.40% of the respondents smoked 1 – 5 sticks per

day in the last 30 days or 1 month; and 27 or 14.30% of the respondents did not

smoke for the last 30 days or 1 month.

Table 9

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Smoking Prevalence in terms of on How Usually get a Cigarette

Frequency Percent
Hindi ako nanigarilyo kailanman 114 60.30
Hindi ako nanigarilyo nitong nakaraang 30 araw (1
27 14.30
buwan)
Binili ko sa tindahan/grocery/naglalako sa kalye 27 14.30
Nagpabili ako sa iba 1 0.50
Binigyan ako ng sigarilyo ng taong mas nakakatanda 20 10.60
Total 189 100.00

Table 9 shows how the respondents usually get their own cigarettes.

Majority of the respondents were non-smokers with 114 or 60.30%; 27 or 14.30%

of the respondents did not smoke for the last 30 days or 1 month; 27 or 14.30%

of the respondents bought the cigarette at the store or grocery; 20 or 10.60% of

the respondents were given cigarettes by older one; and 1 or 0.50% of the

respondent an older person gave them the cigarette.

Table 10

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Smoking Prevalence in terms of Brand of Cigarette Usually Smoke

Frequency Percent
Hindi ako nanigarilyo kailanman 114 60.30
Hindi ako nanigarilyo nitong nakaraang 30 araw (1
27 14.30
buwan)
Marlboro 3 1.60
Philip Morris 12 6.3
Winston 5 2.60
Hope 24 12.70
Iba pa: VAPE 4 2.10
Total 189 100.00

Based on the above table, majority of the respondents were non-smokers

with 114 or 6030%; 27 or 14.30% of the respondents did not smoke for the last

30 days or 1 month; 24 or 12.70% of the respondents smoked with Hope; 12 or

6.30% of the respondents smoked with Philip Morris; 5 or 2.60% of the

respondents smoked with Winston; and 4 or 2.10% of the respondents were

using e-vape or electric cigarette.

 Based on Table 10, majority of the respondents were non-smokers with

114 or 60.30%; 54 or 28.60% of the respondents smoked at friend’s house; 1 or

0.50% of the respondents smoked at their house; and 20 or 10.60% smoked at

other places such as at the riverbank, at the back of canteen, and along highway

while going home.

Table 10

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents according to

Smoking Prevalence in terms of Place of Smoking

Frequency Percent
Hindi ako nanigarilyo kailanman 114 60.30
Sa bahay 1 0.50
Sa bahay ng kaibigan 54 28.60
Iba pa 20 10.60
Total 189 100.00

Respondents Level of Exposure to Anti-Smoking Advertisements

Table 11

Mean Assessment of the Respondents on the Level of Exposure to Anti-Smoking

Advertisements

Exposure to Anti-Smoking Qualitative

Mean
Advertisements Description
1. Dyaryo o magazines 4.67 Excellent
2. TV 4.74 Excellent
3. Radyo 4.60 Excellent
4. Billboards 4.21 Excellent
5. Sakayan 4.41 Excellent
6. Sinehan 3.91 Very
Satisfactory
 7. Health care facilities (clinics, ospital) 4.74 Excellent
8. Malls 4.21 Excellent
9. Smoking campaigns sa paaralan 4.33 Excellent
10. Bangketa/gilid ng mga kalye 4.28 Excellent
11. Pamilya 4.57 Excellent
12. Barkada 4.17 Very
Satisfactory
13. Paaralan (mga guro,kamag-aral) 4.56 Excellent
14. Simbahan 4.41 Excellent
15. Kakilala 4.33 Excellent
16. Smoking program 4.39 Excellent
OVERALL MEAN 4.715 EXCELLENT

Data in the table show that the respondents assessed their level of

exposure to anti-smoking advertisements of Lamo National High School as

“excellent” as supported by the overall mean of 4.715.

The respondents rated the 16 indicators with mean scores ranging from

3.91 to 4.74 with qualitative descriptions of “very satisfactory” and “excellent”.

It could be noted further that among the indicators on the level of exposure

to anti-smoking advertisements, the respondents gave the two highest ratings to

the items “TV” and “Health care facilities” with mean ratings of 4.74.

The respondents rated “excellent” to the items “Dyaryo o Magazine” and

“Radyo” with mean ratings of 4.67 and 4.60 respectively.

Likewise, the respondents rated “excellent” in the indicators “Pamilya”,

“Paaralan (mga guro o kamag-aral)”, “Healthcare facilities”, “Sakayan” at

“Simbahan” with mean ratings of 4.57, 4.56, 4.47 and 4.41 respectively.

In addition, the respondents rated “excellent” in the indicators “Smoking

Program”, “Kakilala” “Smoking Campaigns sa Paaralan”, “Bangketa or Gilid ng

mga Kalye”, “Malls” and “Billboards” with mean ratings of 4.39, 4.33, 4.33, 4.28,

4.21 and 4.21 respectively.

Meanwhile, the respondents rated “very satisfactory” in the indicators

“Barkada” and “Sinehan” with mean ratings of 4.17 and 3.91, respectively.

On the other hand, the respondents rated the indicator “Television (TV)”

as the highest, bearing the mean of 4.74, qualitatively described as “excellent”.

This could mean that television (TV) plays a very important role in the building of

a society. TV gas changed the societies of world so much that we can’t ignore its

importance. TV is a source of information or communication and media plays a

very significant role in everyone’s life. In today’s modern society, media has

become a very big parts of our life. Its duty is to inform, educate and entertain.

TV like a bridge between the governing bodies and general public. It is a

powerful and flexible tool that influences the public to great extent.

According to Republic Act 9211 of 2003, section 14 which states that a) all

tobacco advertisements in mass media shall contain either in English or Filipino,

the following health warning: “GOVERNMENT WARNING: Cigarette Smoking is

Dangerous to Your Health” b) For print and outdoor advertisements, the warning

frames shall be centered the bottom of the advertisement and occupy a total area

of not less than 15% of such advertisement including any border or frame. The

health warning shall occupy a total area of not less than 50% of the total warning

frame. The text for the health warnings shall be clearly visible and legible, printed

in a prominent color as appropriate and shall appear in contrast by color,

typography or layout with all other printed material in the advertisement. The
warning shall not be hidden or obscured by other printed information or images in

the advertisement; c) For television and cinema advertisements, the warning

shall be clearly shown and voiced over in the last 5 seconds of the

advertisement, regardless of the duration of the advertisement, even when such

advertisement is silent. The health warning shall occupy a total area of not less

than 50% of the television screen and shall be clearly visible, legible and audible,

in black text on white background or white text on black background. No other

images except the warning shall be included in the warning frame; d) for radio

advertisements, the warning stated the advertisement shall be clearly and

audibly voiced over in the last 5 seconds of the advertisement, regardless of its

duration.

In addition, the respondents rated the indicator “Healthcare Facilities” as

one highest, bearing 4.74, qualitatively described as “excellent”. This could mean

that healthcare facilities, clinic and centers should inform the people who went

there about smoking. Healthcare facilities should be conducive enough for health

and wellness.

Data in Table 12 show that the respondents assessed their level of

smoking attitude of Lamo National High School as “excellent” as supported by

the overall mean of 4.845.

The respondents rated the 8 indicators with mean scores ranging from

4.61 to 4.93 with qualitative description of “excellent”.

It could be further noted that among the indicators of the smoking attitude,

the respondents gave the three highest ratings of the items “Ang Smoking ban ay
dapat ipatupad sa mga restaurants at bars”, “Hindi ka maninigarilyo 5 taon

simula ngayon” and “Ang mga kabataang tulad mo ay hindi dapat manigarilyo”

with mean ratings of 4.93, 4.93 and 4.91, respectively.

Likewise, the respondents rated “excellent” to the items “Hindi ka

makakapagsigarilyo sa susunod na 12 buwan”, “Kapag sinimulan na ng isang tao

ang manigarilyo, sa tingin mo ba ay hindi mahihirapan na siyang tumigil” and

“Ang paninigarilyo ay hindi nakadaragdag ng personalidad sa isang lalake” with

mean ratings of 4.89, 4.88, and 4.84, respectively.

Respondents Level of Smoking Attitude

Table 12

Mean Assessment of the Respondents on the Level of Smoking Attitude

Qualitative
Smoking Attitude Mean
Description
1. Ang paninigarilyo ay hindi tumutulong sa tao 4.61 Excellent
upang magmukhang “cool” at “fit in”
2. Ang Smoking ban ay dapat ipatupad sa mga 4.93 Excellent
restaurants at bars.
3. Ang mga kabataang tulad mo ay hindi dapat 4.91 Excellent
manigarilyo
4. Hindi ka makakapagsigarilyo sa susunod na 4.89 Excellent
12 buwan
5. Hindi ka maninigarilyo 5 taon simula ngayon. 4.93 Excellent
6. Kapag sinimulan na ng isang tao ang 4.88 Excellent
manigarilyo, sa tingin mo ba ay hindi
mahihirapan na siyang tumigil
7. Ang mga lalaking naninigarilyo ay hindi 4.77 Excellent
nagkakaroon ng mas maraming nagiging
kaibigan.
8. Ang paninigarilyo ay hindi nakadaragdag ng 4.84 Excellent
personalidad sa isang lalake.
OVERALL MEAN 4.845 EXCELLENT
 In addition, the items “Ang mga lalaking naninigarilyo ay hindi

nagkakaroon ng mas maraming nagiging kaibigan” and “Ang paninigarilyo ay

hindi tumutulong sa tao upang magmukhang “cool” at “fit in” rated by the

respondents with mean ratings 4.77 and 4.61, qualitatively described as

“excellent”.

Data in Table 13 show that the respondents assessed their level of

smoking perception of Lamo National High School as “excellent” as supported by

the overall mean of 4.496.

The respondents rated the 17 indicators with mean scores ranging from

1.21 to 5.00 with qualitative descriptions of “very poor” and “excellent”.

It could be further noted that among the indicators of the smoking

perception, the respondents gave the two highest ratings of the items “Ayon sa

Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 in the Philippines, bawal ang paninigarilyo sa

mga pampublikong lugar tulad ng paaralan, simbahan, etc” and “pinagbabawal

sa batas and pagtitinda ng sigarilyo sa mga kabataang ay edad na 18 pababa”

with mean ratings of 5.00 and 5.00, respectively

Likewise, the respondents rated “excellent” to the items “Ang mga taong

nakakalanghap ng usok mula sa naninigarilyong malapit sa kanya ay higit pa ang

panganib na magkaroon ng malubhang sakit dulot ng paninigarilyo, kaysa sa

mismong naninigarilyo”, “Ang Third Hand Smoke ay ang mga naiwang kemikal

mula sa upos ng sigarilyo”, “Wala kang gamit katulad ng t-shirt, panulat, bag atbp

na may nakasulat/nakaukitg/nkatahi na logo ng sigarilyo”, “Ang mga taong

nakakalanghap ng usok mula sa naninigarilyong malapit sa kanya ay higit pa ang

panganib na magkaroon ng malubhang sakit dulot ng paninigarilyo, kaysa sa

mismong naninigarilyo” and “Ang usok mula sa paninigarilyo ay nakakasira ng

ating kalikasan” with mean ratings of 4.98, 4.97, 4.97, 4.96 and 4.96,

respectively.

In addition, the items “Ayon sa Tobacco Regulation Act of the Philippines,

ipinagbabawal ang magtinda ng sigarilyo sa lugar sa loob ng 100-meter

perimeter ng paaralan”, “Ang paninigarilyo ay nagdudulot ng mga malulubhang

sakit tulad ng cancer, sakit sa puso, tuberculosis at emphysema”, “Walang

anunsiyo para a sigarilyo ang nakita mo sa mga posters”, “Wala kang nakikitang

brand ng sigarilyo sa tuwing nanunuod ka ng mga programa o palabas sa

telebisyon” and “Ang First Hand Smoke ay ang usok na nakukuhang direkta ng

taong naninigarilyo”,” rated by the respondents with mean ratings of 4.95, 4.94,

4.94, 4.93 and 4.92, qualitatively described as “excellent”.

Respondents Level of Smoking Perception

Table 13

Mean Assessment of the Respondents on the Level of Smoking Perception

Qualitative
Smoking Perception Mean
Description
1. Ayon sa Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 in the Philippines, 5.00 Excellent
bawal ang paninigarilyo sa mga pampublikong lugar tulad ng
paaralan, simbahan, etc.
2. Ipinagbabawal sa batas and pagtitinda ng sigarilyo sa mga 5.00 Excellent
kabataang ay edad na 18 pababa.
3. Ayon sa Tobacco Regulation Act of the Philippines, 4.95 Excellent
ipinagbabawal ang magtinda ng sigarilyo sa lugar sa loob ng
100-meter perimeter ng paaralan.
4. Ang First Hand Smoke ay ang usok na nakukuhang direkta ng 4.92 Excellent
taong naninigarilyo.
5. Ang Second Hand Smoke ay ang usok na nalalanghap mula sa 4.89 Excellent
naninigarilyong malapit sa iyo.
6. Ang Third Hand Smoke ay ang mga naiwang kemikal mula sa 4.97 Excellent
 upos ng sigarilyo.
7. Ang paninigarilyo ay nagdudulot ng mga malulubhang sakit 4.94 Excellent
tulad ng cancer, sakit sa puso, tuberculosis at emphysema.
8. Ang mga taong nakakalanghap ng usok mula sa 4.96 Excellent
naninigarilyong malapit sa kanya ay higit pa ang panganib na
magkaroon ng malubhang sakit dulot ng paninigarilyo, kaysa
sa mismong naninigarilyo.
9. Ang paninigarilyo ay nagdudulot ng pagkabaog. 4.97 Excellent
10. Ang usok mula sa paninigarilyo ay nakakasira ng ating 4.96 Excellent
kalikasan.
11. Kapag nanonood ka ng telebisyon, video o sine, wala kang 1.21 Very Poor
nakakakitang artistang naninigarilyo
12. Wala kang gamit katulad ng t-shirt, panulat, bag atbp na may 4.97 Excellent
nakasulat/nakaukitg/nkatahi na logo ng sigarilyo.
13. Wala kang nakikitang brand ng sigarilyo sa tuwing nanunuod 4.93 Excellent
ka ng mga programa o palabas sa telebisyon.
14. Walang anunsiyo para a sigarilyo ang nakita mo sa mga 4.94 Excellent
posters.
15. Walang patalastas para sa sigarilyo ang nakita mo sa diyaryo o 4.66 Excellent
magasin.
16. Walang patalastas para sa sigarilyo and narinig mo sa radio. 4.89 Excellent
17. Sa pagdalo mo ng mga torneong pampalakasan, perya, 1.28 Very Poor
konsyerto or gawaing pangkomunidad, wala kang nakakakita
ng mga patalastas para sa sigarilyo.
OVERALL MEAN 4.496 EXCELLENT

Moreover, the respondents rated “excellent” the items “Ang Second Hand

Smoke ay ang usok na nalalanghap mula sa naninigarilyong malapit sa iyo”,

“Walang patalastas para sa sigarilyo and narinig mo sa radio” and “Walang

patalastas para sa sigarilyo ang nakita mo sa diyaryo o magasin” with mean

ratings of 4.89, 4.89 and 4.66, respectively.

On the other hand, the respondents rated “very poor” the items “Sa

pagdalo mo ng mga torneong pampalakasan, perya, konsyerto or gawaing

pangkomunidad, wala kang nakakakita ng mga patalastas para sa sigarilyo” and

“Kapag nanonood ka ng telebisyon, video o sine, wala kang nakakakitang

artistang naninigarilyo” with mean ratings of 1.28 and 1.21 respectively.

In addition, the respondents rated the indicator “Ayon sa Tobacco

Regulation Act of 2003 in the Philippines, bawal ang paninigarilyo sa mga

pampublikong lugar tulad ng paaralan, simbahan, etc” as one highest, bearing

5.00, qualitatively described as “excellent”. According to Republic Act 9211 of

2003, smoking shall be absolutely proh9ibited in the following places: a) centers

of youth activity such as playschools, preparatory schools, elementary schools,

high schools, colleges and universities, youth hotels and recreational facilities for

persons under 18 years old; b) elevators and stairwells; c) location in which fire

hazards are present, including gas stations and storage areas of flammable

liquids, gas, explosives or combustible materials; d) within the buildings of public

and private hospitals, medical, dental and optical clinics, health centers, nursing

homes, dispensaries and laboratories; e) public conveyances and public facilities

including airport and ship terminal and trains and bus stations, restaurants and

conference halls, except for separate smoking areas; f) food preparation areas.

Under this Act, it shall be unlawful a) for any retailer of tobacco products to

sell or distribute tobacco products to any minor; b) for any person to purchase

cigarettes or tobacco products from a minor; c) for a minor to sell or buy

cigarettes or tobacco products from a minor; d) for a minor to smoke cigarettes or

any tobacco products. It shall not be a defense for the person selling or

distributing that he/she did not know or was not aware of the real age of the

minor. Neither shall it be a defense that he/she did not know or had any reason

to believe that the cigarette or any other tobacco product was for the

consumption of the minor to whom it was sold. In case of doubt as to the age of

the buyer, retailers shall verify, by means of valid form of photographic

identification containing the date of birth of the bearer, that no individual

purchasing a tobacco product is below 18 years of age.

Table 14 shows the summary of analysis on the mean differences in the

respondents’ assessment on the level exposure to anti-smoking advertisements

when grouped according to the selected profile variables.

The data show that the variable age caused a significant difference in

respondents’ assessment on their level of exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements, as indicated by the computed t-value of 22.641 which is higher

than the critical t-value of ______, with 3 and 185 degrees of freedom at 0.05

level of significance. This rejects the null hypothesis that no significant difference

exists in the assessment of the respondents in their level of exposure to anti-

smoking advertisements when grouped according to age. This means that age of

the respondents has a significant bearing on their assessment of their level of

exposure to anti-smoking advertisements.

Differences on Respondents’ Level of Exposure to Anti-Smoking

Advertisements when grouped according to Profile

Table 14

Significant Differences on the Level of Exposure to Anti-Smoking Advertisements

when grouped according to Profile

Computed Critical
Variable Groupings Mean df Interpret
Value Value
Age 18 – 19 4.75
3
16 – 17 4.53
& 22.641 Significant
14 – 15 3.89
185
12 – 13 4.86
Grade Level Grade 12 5.00 5 50.167 Significant
 Grade 11 5.00
Grade 10 5.00
&
Grade 9 3.79
183
Grade 8 3.86
Grade 7 5.00
Estimated More than P 501 4.67
Allowance P 401 – P 500 4.76
5
per week P 301 – P 400 4.76
& 7.834 Significant
P 201 – P 300 4.34
183
P 101 – P 200 4.40
Less than P 100 3.63
Smoke Oo 3.99
188 56.091 Significant
Prevalence 1 Hindi 4.76
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.76
Prevalence 2 naninigarilyo
kailanman 188 15.748 Significant
12 – 15 taong 3.98
gulang
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.76
Prevalence 3 naninigarilyo 2
kailanman & 37.350 Significant
Wala 4.37 186
1 – 9 araw 3.77
Smoke Hindi pa ako 2
Prevalence 4 naninigarilyo 4.76 & 37.350 Significant
kailanman 186

Hindi ako
nanigarilyo
nitong 4.37
nakaraang 30
araw (1 buwan)
1 – 5 sigarilyo
kada araw1 – 5
3.77
sigarilyo kada
araw
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.76 4 18.523 Significant
Prevalence 5 naninigarilyo &
kailanman 184
Hindi ako 4.37
nanigarilyo
nitong
nakaraang 30
araw (1 buwan)
Binili ko sa 3.77
tindahan/grocery
/ naglalako sa
kalye
Nagpabili ako sa 4.00
 iba
Binigyan ako ng 3.75
sigarilyo ng
taong mas
nakakatanda
Smoke Hindipa ako 4.76
Prevalence 6 naninigarilyo
kailanman
Hindi ako 4.37
nanigarilyo
nitong 6
nakaraang 30 & 12.801 Significant
araw (1 buwan) 182
Marlboro 4.00
Philip Morris 4.00
Winston 3.60
Hope 3.67
Iba pa 3.75
Smoke Hindipa ako 4.76
Prevalence 7 naninigarilyo
kailanman 3
Sa bahay 4.00 & 20.174 Significant
Sa bahay ng 4.07 185
kaibigan
Iba pa 3.75

The above finding entails a varied assessment of the respondents in their

level of exposure to anti-smoking advertisement when they are grouped

according to their age. Respondents belong to the age bracket of 12 – 13

reflected higher mean assessment of 4.86 as compare to respondents belong to

the age bracket of 14 – 15 of 3.89. This could be interpreted to mean that those

respondents belong to age bracket 12 – 13 perceive their level of exposure to

anti-smoking advertisements as “excellent”, indicating that they more exposed to

anti-smoking advertisements as compared to the perception of respondents

belong to the age bracket of 14 – 15 as “very satisfactory”.

Likewise, grade level and estimated allowance per week show significant

variation after subjected to F-test with their computed F-values of 50.167 and
7.834, respectively, which are higher than _______, the critical value for 5 and

183 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Findings entails a varied

assessment of the respondents on their level of exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements when they are grouped according to grade level and estimated

allowance per week. Grade 12, 11 and 7 reflected higher mean assessment of

5.00 perceived as “excellent” as compare to Grade 9 respondents of 3.79

perceived as “very satisfactory”, indicating that Grade 12, 11 and 7 are ore

exposed to anti-smoking advertisements as compared to the perception of Grade

9 respondents. Respondents having an allowance of P401 – P500 and P301 –

P400 reflected higher mean assessment of 4.76 perceived as “excellent” as

compare to respondents having an allowance of less than P100 of 3.63

perceived as “very satisfactory”.

Smoke prevalence 1 “Have you ever tried or experimented with cigarette

smoking?” and smoke prevalence 2 “How old were you when you first tried a

cigarette?” register significant variation on the respondents’ assessment on their

level of exposure to anti-smoking advertisements. Having been subjected to

Independent t-test, the former yielded a value of 56.091 and the latter, 15.748,

both higher than the critical t-value of _______ for 188 degrees of freedom at

0.05 level of significance.

In addition, smoke prevalence 3 “During the past 30 days (1 month), on

how many days did you smoke cigarettes?” and smoke prevalence 4 “During the

past 30 days (1 month), how many cigarettes per day do you usually smoke?”

show significant variation after subjected to F-test with their computed F-values
of 37.350, which is higher than ________, the critical values for 2 and 186

degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Findings entails a varied

assessment of the respondents on their level of the respondents on their level of

exposure to anti-smoking advertisements when they are grouped according to

smoking prevalence 3 and 4. Furthermore, those respondents don’t smoke

reflected higher mean assessment of 4.76 perceived as “excellent” as compare

to respondents smoking 1-9 days and smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day of 3.77 as

“very satisfactory”, indicating that respondents don’t smoke are more exposed to

anti-smoking advertisements as compared to the perception of respondents

smoking 1-9days and smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day.

Meanwhile, smoke prevalence 5 “During the past 30 days (1 month), how

did you usually get your own cigarettes?” and smoke prevalence 6 “During the

past 30 days (1 month), what brand of cigarettes did you usually smoke?”

register significant variation on the respondents’ assessment on their level of

exposure to anti-smoking advertisements. Having been subjected to F-test, the

former yielded a value of 18.523 and the latter, 12.801, both higher than the

critical values of _______ and ________ for 4 and 184 and 6 and 182 degrees of

freedom, respectively, at 0.05 level of significance. Findings entails that suggests

that a varied assessment of the respondents on their level of exposure to anti-

smoking advertisements when grouped according to smoking prevalence 5 and

6. Those respondents don’t smoke reflected a higher mean assessment of 4.76

perceived as “excellent” which means that they are more exposed to anti-

smoking advertisements as compared to respondents received cigarettes from

an older person and respondents smoking Winston with mean assessments of

3.75 and 3.60, respectively.

On the other hand, smoke prevalence 7 “Where do you usually smoke?”

shows a significant variation after subjected to F-test with computed F-value of

20.174, which is higher than ______, the critical value for 3 and 185 degrees of

freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Finding suggests that a varied assessment

of the respondents on their level of exposure to anti-smoking advertisements

when grouped according to smoking prevalence 7. Furthermore, those

respondents don’t smoke reflected a higher mean assessment of 4.76 perceived

as “excellent” as compared to respondents smoking at home of 4.00 perceived

as “very satisfactory”, indicating that indicating that respondents don’t smoke are

more exposed to anti-smoking advertisements as compared to the perception of

respondents smoking at home.

Table 15 shows the summary of analysis on the mean differences in the

respondents’ smoking attitude when grouped according to the selected profile

variables.

The data in Table 15 show that smoke prevalence 1 “Have you tried or

experimented with cigarette smoking” and smoke prevalence 2 “How old were

you when you first tried a cigarette?” posted a significant variation in the

respondents’ smoking attitude, as indicated by the computed t-values of 93.301

and 26.045, respectively, which is higher than the critical value of ______, with

188 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. This rejects the null

hypothesis that no significant difference exists in the assessment of the

respondents in their smoking attitude when grouped according to smoking

prevalence. Furthermore, respondents don’t smoke reflected a mean

assessment of 4.99 perceived as “excellent” as compared to respondents who

smoked and respondents 12 – 15 years old started smoking.

On the other side, the rest of the variables considered in this study did not

represent significant differences in the respondents’ assessment on smoking

attitude. Age has a computed F-value of 1.451 which is lower than the critical

value of ________ for 3 and 185 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance.

Grade level and estimated allowance per week similarly did not show significant

variation after subjected to Independent t-test with their computed t-values

of1.154 and 0.884, respectively, all of which are lower than _____, the critical

value for 5 and 183 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance.

Differences on Respondents’ Attitude towards Smoking Advertisements

when grouped according to Profile

Table 15

Significant Differences on the Level of Smoking Attitude when grouped according

to Profile

Computed Critical
Variable Groupings Mean df Interpret
Value Value
Age 18 – 19 5.00
3
16 – 17 5.00 Not
& 1.451
14 – 15 4.96 Significant
185
12 – 13 5.00
Grade Level Grade 12 5.00 5 1.154 Not
Grade 11 5.00 & Significant
Grade 10 5.00 183
Grade 9 5.00
Grade 8 4.95
 Grade 7 5.00
Estimated More than P 501 5.00
Allowance P 401 – P 500 4.96
5
per week P 301 – P 400 5.00 Not
& 0.884
P 201 – P 300 5.00 Significant
183
P 101 – P 200 4.96
Less than P 100 5.00
Smoke Oo 4.98
188 93.301 Significant
Prevalence 1 Hindi 4.99
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.99
Prevalence 2 naninigarilyo
kailanman 188 26.045 Significant
12 – 15 taong 4.98
gulang
Smoking Hindi pa ako 4.99
Prevalence 3 naninigarilyo 2
Not
kailanman & 0.398
Significant
Wala 5.00 186
1 – 9 araw 4.97

Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.99

Prevalence 4 naninigarilyo
kailanman
Hindi ako 5.00
nanigarilyo
2
nitong Not
& 0.398
nakaraang 30 Significant
186
araw (1 buwan)
1 – 5 sigarilyo 4.97
kada araw1 – 5
sigarilyo kada
araw
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.99 4 0.891 Not
Prevalence 5 naninigarilyo & Significant
kailanman 184
Hindi ako 5.00
nanigarilyo
nitong
nakaraang 30
araw (1 buwan)
Binili ko sa 5.00
tindahan/grocery
/ naglalako sa
kalye
Nagpabili ako sa 5.00
iba
Binigyan ako ng 4.95
sigarilyo ng
taong mas
 nakakatanda
Smoke Hindipa ako 4.99
Prevalence 6 naninigarilyo
kailanman
Hindi ako 5.00
nanigarilyo
nitong 6
Not
nakaraang 30 & 0.455
Significant
araw (1 buwan) 182
Marlboro 5.00
Philip Morris 5.00
Winston 5.00
Hope 4.95
Iba pa 5.00
Smoke Hindipa ako 4.99
Prevalence 7 naninigarilyo
kailanman 3
Not
Sa bahay 5.00 & 1.195
Significant
Sa bahay ng 5.00 185
kaibigan
Iba pa 4.95

These results could be interpreted that the above-mentioned variables do

not have significant bearing on the respondents’ assessment on their attitude

towards smoking. Findings therefore imply that whether the respondents I old or

young; whether in the lower or higher grade level; having high and low estimated

allowances per week; the assessment is the same with that of the other

respondents.

Likewise, smoke prevalence 3 and 4 did not register significant variation

on the respondents’ assessment on their attitude towards smoking. Smoking

prevalence 3 “During the past 30 days (1 month), on how many days did you

smoke?” and smoking prevalence 4 “During the past 30 days (1 month) how

many cigarettes per day do you usually smoke?” after subjected to Independent-t

test, their computed t-values are 0.398, both lower than ______, critical value for

2 and 186 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. These results could
be interpreted that the above-mentioned variables do not have significant bearing

on the respondents’ assessment on their attitude towards smoking. Findings

therefore imply that whether the respondents are smoking or not and whether

how many cigarettes per day they usually smoke, the assessment is the same

with that of the other respondents.

Meanwhile, smoke prevalence 5 “During the past 30 days (1 month), how

did you usually get your own cigarette?” and smoke prevalence 6 “During the 30

days (1 month), what brand of cigarettes did you usually smoke?” did not register

significant variation on the respondents’ assessment on their attitude towards

smoking. After subjected to F-test, their computed F-values are 0.891 and 0.455,

both lower than ______, critical value for 4 and 184 and 6 and 182 degrees of

freedom, respectively, at 0.05 level of significance. These results could be

interpreted that the above-mentioned variables do not have significant bearing on

the respondents’ assessment on their attitude towards smoking. Findings

therefore imply that whether where did they usually get cigarette and whether

brand of cigarettes, the assessment is the same with that of the other

respondents.

On the other hand, smoke prevalence 7 “Where do you usually smoke?”

did not posted significant variation on the respondents’ assessment on their

attitude towards smoking. After subjected to F-test, the computed F-value is

1.195 which is lower than __________, critical value for 3 and 185 degrees of

freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Findings therefore imply that whether where
they smoke, the assessment on their attitude towards smoking is the same with

that of the other respondents.

Table 16 shows the summary of analysis on the mean differences in the

respondents’ assessment on the perception towards smoking when grouped

according to the selected profile variables.

The data show that the variable age caused a significant difference in

respondents’ assessment on their perception towards smoking, as indicated by

the computed F-value of 15.305 which is higher than the critical F-value of

______, with 3 and 185 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. This

rejects the null hypothesis that no significant difference exists in the assessment

of the respondents in their perception towards when grouped according to age.

This means that age of the respondents has a significant bearing on their

assessment on their level

Differences on Respondents’ Level of Perception towards Smoking when

grouped according to Profile

Table 16

Significant Differences on the Level of Perception towards Smoking when

grouped according to Profile

Computed Critical
Variable Groupings Mean df Interpret
Value Value
Age 18 – 19 5.00
3
16 – 17 5.00
& 15.305 Significant
14 – 15 4.73
185
12 – 13 5.00
Grade Level Grade 12 5.00 5 13.145 Significant
Grade 11 5.00 &
Grade 10 5.00 183
 Grade 9 5.00
Grade 8 4.67
Grade 7 5.00
Estimated More than P 501 5.00
Allowance P 401 – P 500 4.93
5
per week P 301 – P 400 4.95
& 3.801 Significant
P 201 – P 300 4.96
183
P 101 – P 200 4.86
Less than P 100 4.68
Smoke Oo 4.86
188 86.100 Significant
Prevalence 1 Hindi 4.94
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.94
Prevalence 2 naninigarilyo
kailanman 188 24.385 Significant
12 – 15 taong 4.86
gulang
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.94
Prevalence 3 naninigarilyo 2
kailanman & 2.047 Significant
Wala 4.88 186
1 – 9 araw 4.85
Smoke Hindi pa ako 2
Prevalence 4 naninigarilyo 4.94 & 2.047 Significant
kailanman 186

Hindi ako 4.88

nanigarilyo
nitong
nakaraang 30
araw (1 buwan)
1 – 5 sigarilyo 4.85
kada araw1 – 5
sigarilyo kada
araw
Smoke Hindi pa ako 4.94 4 3.655 Significant
Prevalence 5 naninigarilyo &
kailanman 184
Hindi ako 4.88
nanigarilyo
nitong
nakaraang 30
araw (1 buwan)
Binili ko sa 4.88
tindahan/grocery
/ naglalako sa
kalye
Nagpabili ako sa 4.00
iba
Binigyan ako ng 4.85
 sigarilyo ng
taong mas
nakakatanda
Smoke Hindipa ako 4.94
Prevalence 6 naninigarilyo
kailanman
Hindi ako 4.88
nanigarilyo
nitong 6
Not
nakaraang 30 & 1.246
Significant
araw (1 buwan) 182
Marlboro 4.66
Philip Morris 4.91
Winston 4.80
Hope 4.83
Iba pa 5.00
Smoke Hindipa ako 4.94
Prevalence 7 naninigarilyo
kailanman 3
Sa bahay 4.00 & 4.899 Significant
Sa bahay ng 4.88 185
kaibigan
Iba pa 4.85

Likewise, grade level and estimated allowance per week show significant

variation after subjected to F-test with their computed F-values of 13.145 and

3.801, respectively, which are higher than _______, the critical value for 5 and

183 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Findings entails a varied

assessment of the respondents on their level of perception towards smoking

when they are grouped according to grade level and estimated allowance per

week. Grade 12, 11, 10, 9 and 7 reflected higher mean assessment of 5.00

perceived as “excellent” as compare to Grade 8 respondents of 4.67, indicating

that Grade 12, 11, 10, 9 and 7 have higher perception towards smoking as

compared to the perception of Grade 8 respondents. Respondents having an

allowance of more than P501.00 reflected higher mean assessment of 5.00

perceived as “excellent” as compare to respondents having an allowance of less

than P100.00 of 4.68.

Smoke prevalence 1 “Have you ever tried or experimented with cigarette

smoking?” and smoke prevalence 2 “How old were you when you first tried a

cigarette?” register significant variation on the respondents’ assessment on their

perception towards smoking. Having been subjected to Independent t-test, the

former yielded a value of 86.100 and the latter, 24.385, both higher than the

critical t-value of _______ for 188 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of

significance.

In addition, smoke prevalence 3 “During the past 30 days (1 month), on

how many days did you smoke cigarettes?” and smoke prevalence 4 “During the

past 30 days (1 month), how many cigarettes per day do you usually smoke?”

show significant variation after subjected to F-test with their computed F-values

of 2.047, which is higher than ________, the critical values for 2 and 186

degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of significance. Findings entails a varied

assessment of the respondents on their level of perception towards smoking

when they are grouped according to smoking prevalence 3 and 4. Furthermore,

those respondents don’t smoke reflected higher mean assessment of 4.94

perceived as “excellent” as compare to respondents smoking 1-9 days and

smoking 1-5 cigarettes per day of 4.86 and 4.85, respectively, indicating that

respondents don’t smoke have higher perception towards smoking as compared

to the perception of respondents smoking 1-9days and smoking 1-5 cigarettes

per day.
 Meanwhile, smoke prevalence 5 “During the past 30 days (1 month), how

did you usually get your own cigarettes?” and smoke prevalence 7 “Where do

you usually smoke?” register significant variation on the respondents’

assessment on their level of perception towards smoking. Having been subjected

to F-test, the former yielded a value of 3.655 and the latter, 4.899, both higher

than the critical values of _______ and ________ for 4 and 184 and 3 and 185

degrees of freedom, respectively, at 0.05 level of significance. Findings entails

that a varies assessment of the respondents on their level of perception towards

smoking when grouped according to smoking prevalence 5 and 7. Those

respondents do not smoke reflected a higher mean assessment of 4.94

perceived as “excellent” as compared to respondents giving money to others to

buy cigarettes and respondents smoking at home with mean assessments of

4.00.

On the other hand, smoke prevalence 6 “During the past 30 days (1

month), what brand of cigarettes did you usually smoke?” did not posted

significant variation on the respondents’ assessment on their perception towards

smoking. After subjected to F-test, the computed F-value is 1.246 which is lower

than __________, critical value for 6 and 182 degrees of freedom at 0.05 level of

significance. Findings therefore imply that whether what brand of cigarettes, the

assessment on their perception towards smoking is the same with that of the

other respondents.
Significant Relationship on the Level of Exposure to Anti-Smoking
Advertisements and Attitude and Perception Toward Smoking of the
Respondents

Table 17

Significant Relationship in Respondents’ Level of Exposure to Anti-Smoking

Advertisements and Attitude and Perception towards Smoking

Computed Coefficient of Critical

Variables Remarks
r-value Determination Value
Exposure to Anti-
Smoking
Advertisements 0.257 6.61 0.148 Significant
and
Smoking Attitude
Exposure to Anti-
Smoking
0.369 13.60 0.148 Significant
Advertisements and
Smoking Perception
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) df = 187

It can be gleaned from the table that level of exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements of the respondents scored a very significant relationship with

respondents’ attitude and perception towards smoking.

This finding strongly rejects the hypothesis which states that there is no

significant relationship between the level of exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements and attitude and perception towards smoking. A closer scrutiny

on the data reveals that level of exposure to anti-smoking advertisements to be

significantly related with attitude towards smoking of the respondents with

computed r-value of 0.257 at 0.01 level of significance for 187 degrees of

freedom. On the other hand, level of exposure to anti-smoking advertisements to

be significantly related with perception towards smoking of the respondents with

computed r-value of 0.369 at 0.01 level of significance for 187 degrees of

freedom.

In addition, the correlation coefficient value stated above denotes that a

marked relationship between the two variables. The shared variance of

coefficient of determination denotes a value of r 2 = 0.0661, indicating that 6.61%

was contributed by exposure to anti-smoking advertisements to the attitude

towards smoking. The shared variance of coefficient of determination denotes a

value of r2 = 0.1360, indicating that 13.60% was contributed by exposure to anti-

smoking advertisements to the perception towards smoking.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS

Summary

This study focuses on the effect of exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements to the attitudes and perception to smoking of Lamo National High

School male students.

 Specifically, it will seek answer to the following questions:

1. What are the socio-demographic profile of LNHS male students in terms

of:

a. Age;

b. Grade level;

c. Estimated allowance for a week; and

d. Smoking prevalence?

2. What is the level of the respondents’ exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements?

3. What is the level of the respondents’ perceptions and attitudes towards

smoking?

4. Are there significant differences between the respondents’ exposure to

anti-smoking advertisements and perception and attitudes towards

smoking when they are grouped in terms of socio-demographic profile?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements to the perception and attitude towards smoking of LNHS

male students?

The data were gathered using a survey questionnaire that were composed

of four parts: Personal Data Sheet, which is used to establish the demographic

profile of the respondents in terms age, grade level, estimated allowance per

week and smoking prevalence; Anti-Smoking Advertisements Questionnaire is

adapted from 2007 Philippine Global Youth Tobacco Survey; Smoking Attitude
was adapted from 2007 Philippine Global Youth Tobacco Survey; and Smoking

Perception was adapted from 2007 Philippine Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Moreover, frequency and percentage, weighted mean, analysis of

variance and Pearson product moment of correlation were used for statistical

analysis.

Summary of Finding

1. Respondents’ Profile

a. Sixty (60) or 31.70% of the respondents belong to the age group 14

– 15; 51 or 27.00%to the 12 – 13 age group; 45 or 23.80% to the

16 – 17 age group; and 33 or 17.50% to the 18 – 19 age group.

b. Majority of the respondents were Grade 9 with 49 or 25.90%;

followed Grade 7 with 48 or 25.40%; Grade 9 with 37 or 19.60%;

Grade 10 with 27 or 14.30%; Grade 11 with 17 or 9.00%; and

Grade 12 with 11 or 5.80%.

c. Majority of the respondents have an estimated allowance per week

of P201.00 – P300.00 with 58 or 30.70%; followed by P301.00 –

P400.00 with 41 or 21.70%; P101.00 – P200.00 with 30 or 15.90%;

P401.00 – P500.00 with 29 or 15.30%; Less than P100.00 with 19

or 10.10%; and more than P501.00 with 12 or 6.30%.

d. Majority of the respondents were non-smokers as evidenced by

114 or 60.30% while 75 or 39.70% were smokers.

e. Majority of the respondents were non-smokers with 114 or 60.30%

while 75 or 39.70% of the respondents started smoking 12 – 15

years of age.

f. Majority of the respondents were non-smokers with 114 or 60.30%;

48 or 25.40% of the respondents smoked 1 – 9 days in the last 30

days or 1 month; and 27 or 14.30% did not smoke in the last 30

days or 1 month.

g. Majority of the respondents were non-smokers with 114 or 60.30%;

48 or 25.40% of the respondents smoked 1 – 5 sticks per day in the

last 30 days or 1 month; and 27 or 14.30% of the respondents did

not smoke for the last 30 days or 1 month.

h. Majority of the respondents were non-smokers with 114 or 60.30%;

27 or 14.30% of the respondents did not smoke for the last 30 days

or 1 month; 27 or 14.30% of the respondents bought the cigarette

at the store or grocery; 20 or 10.60% of the respondents were given

cigarettes by older one; and 1 or 0.50% of the respondent an older

person gave them the cigarette.

i. Majority of the respondents were non-smokers with 114 or 6030%;

27 or 14.30% of the respondents did not smoke for the last 30 days

or 1 month; 24 or 12.70% of the respondents smoked with Hope;

12 or 6.30% of the respondents smoked with Philip Morris; 5 or

2.60% of the respondents smoked with Winston; and 4 or 2.10% of

the respondents were using e-vape or electric cigarette.

 j. Majority of the respondents were non-smokers with 114 or 60.30%;

54 or 28.60% of the respondents smoked at friend’s house; 1 or

0.50% of the respondents smoked at their house; and 20 or 10.60%

smoked at other places such as at the riverbank, at the back of

canteen, and along highway while going home.

2. Level of Exposure to Anti-Smoking Advertisements

The mean assessment of the respondents of their level of exposure

to anti-smoking advertisements as indicated by the grand mean of 4.715,

qualitatively described as “excellent”.

3. Level of Smoking Attitude and Perception

The mean assessment of the respondents of their level of attitude

and perception towards smoking as indicated by the grand mean of 4.845

and 4.496, respectively, qualitatively described as “excellent”.

4. Differences on the Level of Anti-Smoking Advertisements, Attitude and

Perception Towards Smoking

All variables considered in this study represent significant

differences in the respondents’ assessment on the level of anti-smoking

advertisements.

Smoke prevalence 1 “Have you tried or experimented with cigarette

smoking” and smoke prevalence 2 “How old were you when you first tried

a cigarette?” posted a significant variation in the respondents’ smoking

attitude. The rest of the profile variables did not represent significant
 difference in the respondents’ assessment on the level of attitude towards

smoking.

All variable considered except smoke prevalence 6 represent

significant differences in the respondents’ assessment on the level of

perception towards smoking.

5. Significant Relationship in Respondents’ Level of Exposure to Anti-

Smoking Advertisements and Attitude and Perception towards Smoking

The exposure to anti-smoking advertisements registered a

significant relationship in the attitude and perception towards smoking of

the respondents.

Conclusions

Based on the foregoing findings, the conclusions below were drawn:

1. Majority of the respondents are aged 14 – 15 years old; Grade 8;

having estimated allowance per week of P201 – P300; and non-

smokers.

2. The respondents assessed their level of exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements as excellent.

3. The respondents assessed their level of attitude and perception

towards smoking as excellent.

4. All variables considered in this study represent significant differences

in the respondents’ assessment on the level of anti-smoking

advertisements. Smoke prevalence 1 “Have you tried or experimented

 with cigarette smoking” and smoke prevalence 2 “How old were you

when you first tried a cigarette?” posted a significant variation in the

respondents’ smoking attitude. The rest of the profile variables did not

represent significant difference in the respondents’ assessment on the

level of attitude towards smoking. All variable considered except

smoke prevalence 6 represent significant differences in the

respondents’ assessment on the level of perception towards smoking.

5. There is a significant relationship between exposure to anti-smoking

advertisements and attitudes and perceptions toward smoking.

Recommendations

The following recommendations were addressed particularly from the

finding taken in the job satisfaction and work commitment.

1. Sustain the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) through the

Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). In this case, to monitor progress or

pitfalls or National Laws Enforcement and translate surveillance results

into relevant policy and program actions especially for the welfare and

safety of Filipino youth from the harmful effects of tobacco use, which is a

“gateway” for other substance use.

2. Finalize local monitoring and reporting guidelines of implementation and

enforcement.
3. Department of Health and stakeholders should come up with a

harmonized and intensified media campaign to highlight the ill-effects of

tobacco use and second hand smoke.

4. Strengthen and ensure the implementation of the National Smoking

Cessation Program (NCSP) and utilize facility-based and “opportunistic”

approaches for counseling and cessation services.

5. Integrate cessation services into primary health care settings.

6. Sustain and strengthen public awareness and access to information

regarding the adverse health, economics, and environmental

consequences of tobacco production and consumption.

7. Integrate anti-smoking lessons in school curriculum and strengthen anti-

smoking tobacco message in school.

8. Strengthen and expand health promotion and advocacy activities

especially on the dangers of tobacco use and second hand smoke.

9. Prioritize the enforcement issues at the sub-national jurisdictions, local

government units which still need to pass local ordinances and/or

resolutions to implement the national tobacco laws.

10. The DOH should strongly advocate for the amendment of Section 29 of

RA 9211 on the creation of the Inter-Agency Committee on Tobacco. DOH

and NGO partners should lead the way in advocating for the effective

implementation of the National Law.

11. The local government units should ensure that the law is enforced within

the area of jurisdiction.

12. Sustain smoking ban or absolute prohibition on indoor work places, public

places and other public places.

13. Encourage local government units to pass ordinances to support local

implementation of RA 9211 towards phasing out of designated smoking

areas in enclosed places.

14. Enforce complete ban on advertising, promotion and sponsorship to

neutralize lack of anti-smoking media messages.

15. Strongly advocate for the immediate passage of the Graphic Health

Warning Bill (House Bill 3364 and Senate Bill 2377) and ensure strict

enforcement on ban on advertising of all forms.

16. Increase awareness and access on RA 9211 IRR Provision Section 33-h

“…If a smoker-minor voluntarily submits himself for treatment, counselling

or rehabilitation in a smoking withdrawal clinic located in any medical

institution in the Philippines, or through his/her parents/guardian, the

expenses incurred shall be a reimbursable out-patient service of the Phil

Health.” A smoking cessation package especially for minors and should be

developed by Phil Health in accordance with Section 33 of RA 9211.

17. Advocate for the enforcement of prohibition of sales of tobacco products to

minors and for total ban on selling cigarettes by sticks particularly in

streets.

18. Advocate for the raise of taxes on all tobacco products to a level that will

make cigarettes unaffordable to the youth.