SURGICAL INSTRUMENTATION

PURPOSES OF SURGICAL OPERATION

Diagnostic – verifies a suspected diagnosis
Exploratory – estimates extent of diseases or injury
Curative - removes or repairs damaged tissues, diseased or congenitally malformed organs or
tissues
Ablative - removing diseased organs
Pallative - relieves symptoms but does not cure the underlying disease process

STAGES OF OPERATION

 The PREOPERATIVE PHASE extends from the time the client is admitted to the
surgical unit, to the time he/she is prepared physically, psychosocially, spiritually and
legally for the surgical procedure, until he/she is transported into the operating room.

ADMISSION to the Surgical Unit

↓
Preparation for Surgery:
Physical, Psychosocial, Spiritual, Legal
↓
Transport to Operating Room (OR)

 The INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE extends from the time the client is admitted to the
operating room, to the time of administration of anesthesia, surgical procedure is done,
until he/she is transported to the recovery room (RR) / post-anesthesia care unit
(PACU)

ADMISSION to the OR
↓
ANESTHESIA
SURGERY
↓
Recovery Room / PACU
  The POSTOPERATIVE PHASE extends from the time the client is admitted to the
recovery room, to the time he is transported back into the surgical unit, discharged from
the hospital, until the follow - up care.
ADMISSION to the RR/PACU
↓
Back to the Surgical Unit
↓
DISCHARGE
↓
Follow – up Care

FUNCTIONS OF SCRUB VS CIRCULATING NURSE

20 PRINCIPLES OF STERILE TECHNIQUE (26)

 Only sterile items are used within the sterile field.
 If you are in doubt about the sterility of anything, consider it unsterile.
 Gowns are considered sterile ONLY from the waist to shoulder level in front and
themselves.
 Sterile persons keep hands in sight and at or above waist level.
 Hands are kept from the face and never held under the axillaries region.
 Changing table levels are avoided.
  Items dropped below waist level are considered unsterile.
 Tables are considered sterile only at table level.
 Anything that extends below the table level is considered unsterile.
 In unfolding sterile drape, the part that drops below the table level is considered
unsterile.
 Sterile persons touch only sterile items or areas, unsterile persons touch only unsterile
items or areas.
 Unsterile persons should not directly get in contact with the sterile field. Use sterile
transfer forceps.
 Unsterile persons avoid reaching over a sterile field and sterile persons avoid leaning
over an unsterile field.
 In pouring into a sterile field and sterile persons avoid leaning over the basin to avoid
over reaching.
 The scrub nurse should set the basin or glasses to be filled at the edge of the sterile
table.
 Surgeons turn away from the sterile field and to have perspiration removed from the
brow.
 Sterile persons keep well within the sterile area.
 Sterile persons pass each other back to back.
 Sterile persons turn back to non-sterile person or area when passing.
 Unsterile persons avoid sterile areas.
 Unsterile person should maintain at least 1 foot distance from any sterile area.
 Unsterile persons never walk between 2 sterile areas.
 Sterile field is created as close as possible to the time of use.
 Sterile areas are continuously kept in view.
 Destruction of integrity of the microbial barriers results in contamination.
 Microorganisms must be kept to a minimum.

3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF INSTRUMENTS AND 2 SAMPLE EACH

 Cutting and Dissecting (Sharps)

 Clamping and Occluding (Clamps)

 Grasping and Holding (Graspers)

  Exposing and Retracting (Retractors)

 Suturing and Stapling

 Viewing

 Suction and Aspirating

 Dilating and Probing

 Measuring

 Accessory Instruments

IDENTIFY FIVE TYPES OF BLADE

 Handle #4 is the first knife used to cut tough tissues.

 Handle #3 is the second knife used to cut delicate tissues, and is used for minor
surgeries.

PUT THE BLADE IN THE HOLDER WITH EASE:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrJQpAbwZf0&feature=youtu.be
IDENTIFY 20 INSTRUMENTS IN THE STERILE FIELD