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    This document provides an overview of historiography and historical sources and methods. It defines history and discusses primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the time period studied, like eyewitness accounts. Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources, like history textbooks. There are two types of historical criticism - external criticism examines the authenticity and form of a document, while internal criticism analyzes the content and credibility. Factors like the date, author, and consistency are evaluated to determine if a source is authentic or the information is credible.

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    This document provides an overview of historiography and historical sources and methods. It defines history and discusses primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the time period studied, like eyewitness accounts. Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources, like history textbooks. There are two types of historical criticism - external criticism examines the authenticity and form of a document, while internal criticism analyzes the content and credibility. Factors like the date, author, and consistency are evaluated to determine if a source is authentic or the information is credible.

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    6 views3 pages

    Module 1 Thinking Like A Historian

    Uploaded by

    shanty
    This document provides an overview of historiography and historical sources and methods. It defines history and discusses primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the time period studied, like eyewitness accounts. Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources, like history textbooks. There are two types of historical criticism - external criticism examines the authenticity and form of a document, while internal criticism analyzes the content and credibility. Factors like the date, author, and consistency are evaluated to determine if a source is authentic or the information is credible.

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    of 3

    READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

    Cycle 1, Semester 1

    MODULE 1 Historiography

    Thinking Like A Historian - It is the imaginative


    reconstruction of the past from the
    History data derived from the historical
    method.
    - It is derived from the Greek word
    istoria which means “learning”.
    - Latin equivalent is scientia
    HISTORICAL SOURCES

    - Defined by Aristotle, it was a SOURCES


    systematic account of a set of
    natural phenomena whether non- - These are items that provide
    chronological or not. information of proof.

    - In Latin, it was used more


    regularly to designate non- Historical Sources are generally divided
    chronological systematic accounts into two:
    of natural phenomena.

    - It is now exclusively used to refer 1. Primary Sources


    to accounts of phenomena,
    especially of human affairs in a - These are sources that were created
    chronological order. during the time period in study.
    - Testimonies of eyewitness or
    Additional Information: participants.
    Complete history (history-as- - Creators of these sources are
    actuality) does not exist. There is basically those who existed during the
    only a history-as-record since we moment of writing or creating.
    all based the past from the
    surviving records of it.
    Examples:
    History is the only expressed part • Texts
    (what was written or said) of what
    was understood from the credible • Eyewitness accounts
    part of the sources. • Testimonies
    • Documents (Diaries, Speeches,
    Manuscripts, Letters, Official
    Records)
    Historical
    Method • Autobiographies
    • Artifacts or Relics (Pottery,
    - It is the process of critically Furniture, Clothing, Buildings)
    examining and analyzing the
    records of the past. • Creative works (Videos,
    Artworks, Films, Poetry,
    Drama, Novels, Music)
    READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
    Cycle 1, Semester 1

    1. Secondary Sources B. Author’s handwriting,


    signature, and seal
    - These are sources that are already
    interpreted and analyzed data from C. Inconsistencies in writing stye
    primary sources. It may include D. Inconsistencies in reference to
    graphics, quotes, and images from a events
    primary source.
    E. Origin of the document
    - They are created after the time
    F. Semantics
    period under study.
    G. Clearness in meaning
    - Creators of these sources are not
    present during the event which means
    they are often removed from the event Examples:
    itself.
    1. Identifying whether the paper
    used in a document made in
    Examples:
    the 19th century has aged
    • History Textbooks according to the time period.
    • Written Analysis 2. Identifying the origins of a
    historical artifact.
    • Criticisms
    3. Identifying the previous
    • Commentaries owners of a historical
    • Encyclopedias painting.

    • Journal Articles interpreting


    previous research
    2. Internal Criticism
    • Annotations
    - It deals with the content and asks,
    “Is this credible?” “Is what’s written
    credible? Truthful?”
    In order to determine a documents
    credibility, the following are analyzed:
    A. Identifying the author
    B. The author’s willingness and
    ability to tell the truth
    C. Corroboration of historical facts

    Examples:
    KINDS OF HISTORICAL CRITICISM 1. Understanding how an
    author’s background may
    1. External Criticism have affected his perspective
    towards an event he/she is
    - It deals with the form and asks, “Is writing about.
    this authentic?” “Is the document 2. Comparing the information
    forged? Fake? Fabricated?” found in a historical
    In order to determine a documents document with other pieces of
    authenticity, the following are evidence to see if the facts are
    analyzed: substantiated.
    A. Date 3. Knowing an author’s reason
    READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
    Cycle 1, Semester 1

    or motivation for writing an


    account about a particular
    event.

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