AUTOMATIC BUILT-IN JACK

SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILES

A PROJECT BY:

Pushkar Prateek (2K11/AE/54)

Rahul Goyal (2K11/AE/57)

Rohan Arora (2K11/AE/61)

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

Delhi Technological University
AUTOMATIC BUILT-IN JACK SYSTEM IN
AUTOMOBILES

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ROHAN ARORA
PUSHKAR PRATEEK
RAHUL GOYAL

Under the guidance of

Mr. PARAS KUMAR
ASSISTANT PROFFESOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FOR THE FULFILLMENT OF THE 5TH SEMESTER MINOR

PROJECT-I
OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Bachelors of technology
In
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Of

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DELHI
STUDENTS’ DECLARATION
We, Pushkar Prateek, Rahul Goyal, and Rohan Arora hereby certify that the work which
is being presented in the minor project-I entitled “Automatic built-in jack system in
Automobiles” is being submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of B.Tech (Automobile Engineering) at the Delhi Technological University is an
authentic record of our own work carried out under the supervision of Mr. Paras Kumar.
We have not submitted the matter embodied in this project for the award of any other
degree or diploma. Also, it has not been directly copied from any source without giving
its proper reference.

Pushkar Prateek Rahul Goyal Rohan Arora

2K11/AE/054 2K11/AE/057 2K11/AE/061

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CERTIFICATE BY SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that the work contained in this minor project-I entitled “Automatic built-
in jack system in Automobiles” by Pushkar Prateek, Rahul Goyal, and Rohan Arora is the
requirement for the partial fulfillment of the degree of B.Tech (Automobile Engineering)
at the Delhi Technological University. This work was completed under my direct
supervision and guidance. The students have done their work with utmost sincerity and
diligence.

The work embodied here has not been submitted for the award of any other
degree/diploma to the best of my knowledge.

Mr. Paras Kumar

Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

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 Delhi Technological University

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SNo. TOPICS Pg. No.

i. Abstract 6

1. Introduction 7

1.1 General introduction 7

1.2 Current scenario 7

1.3 Current mechanism of jack operation
10
1.4 Pros and cons of existing mechanisms
13

2. Literature Review 14

2.1 Past Work Done 14

2.2 Research paper referred 16

3. 3.1 Our purpose and objectives 18

3.2 Basic principle used 19

3.3 Jack driving power mechanisms 20

3.4 Position of jacks 21

3.5 Controlling of jacks 23

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 Advantages and disadvantages of this system 24

Conclusion 25

References 26

ABSTRACT

Idea of “automatic inbuilt jack system in automobile (cars)” is to provide a novel jacking
system attached to the chassis of the automobile itself. This inbuilt jack can be actuated
from inside of the vehicle with the help of switches provided on the dash board.

An Automobile inbuilt hydraulic jack can be easily operated by a single push button
provided on the dash board. The jack will be installed on both the sides of chassis
according to the weight distributions of the car. Similarly it will be installed on the other
side of the car. The jacks actuate separately for either side of car as per the breakdown
condition. The car gets lifted and load gets distributed on three point i.e., plunger or ram
of hydraulic cylinder and tires except which is being lifted.

At a time maximum of two jacks (either both front or rear) can be used to lift the
automobile in case of any breakdown or for reconditioning the same. This jack will be
very useful for all the senior citizens and especially for females (ladies) who find it
extremely difficult to operate the jack manually in any breakdown condition.

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Keeping the practical simulation and fabrication in view, mainly mechanical or hydraulic
jack can be used. Pneumatic jack is being ruled out due to compressive nature of gases,
hence less power would develop and complex design of the system. Hydraulic jack looks
promising as incompressible fluid will comparatively provide more power. Increase in
weight of the vehicle, design of the jack and last but not the least cost increase needs
optimization.

The motive behind using hydraulic system instead of a pneumatic system is the more
power produced by the system and simple in design as compared to a pneumatic design.
As the hydraulic oil is incompressible so the lifting capacity is more in comparison with
the pneumatic system which operates on air which is compressible.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Our survey in the regard in several users of vehicles, revealed the facts that mostly some
difficult methods were adopted in lifting the vehicles for reconditioning. Now the project
is mainly concentrated on this difficulty, such that the vehicle can be lifted from the floor
land without application of any impact force. The motorized screw jack has been
developed to cater to the needs of small and medium automobile garages, which are
normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most of the garages the vehicles
are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and skilled labour. In order to
avoid all such disadvantages, the built-in jack should be designed in such a way that it
can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force. The operation is
made simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease. As automobile market is
growing, advance concepts are being implemented to make automobiles more and more
versatile and comfortable. Many concepts are implemented day to day to make
automobile better and better these days. One such concept is of variable height

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adjustment in vehicle by adjusting its ground clearance. In this way the vehicle becomes
more versatile and can be operated over variety of bad as well as good road conditions.

1.2 CURRENT SCENARIO:

WHAT IS A JACK (13)?

A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment and vehicles so that
maintenance can be carried out underneath. Car jacks usually use mechanical advantage
to allow a human to lift a vehicle by manual force alone. More powerful jacks use
hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater distances. Mechanical jacks are usually
rated for maximum lifting capacity.

► Automotive jacks are classified as:

Automotive
Jacks

Hydraulic Screw Type

Trolley(Floor
Bottle Shape Scissor jack Bumper Jack
Jack)

1. Hydraulic jacks:
A. Bottle shape (11) :

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 B. Floor jack :

2. Screw Type
A. Scissor jack :

B. Bumper jack (10) :

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1.3 CURRENT MECHANISM OF JACK OPERATION

Hydraulic jacks:
► Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an emergency
jack to be carried with the vehicle.

► In these jacks, by operating the handle, which is a lever (a simple machine), fluid
is compressed and routed to an actuating cylinder. This results in lift.

► Hydraulic jacks are often used to lift elevators in low and medium rise buildings.

WORKING:

A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder
by a pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self-lubricating and stable. When the

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 plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction check valve
into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through
a discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the
chamber and opens with each draw of the plunger. The discharge valve ball is
outside the chamber and opens when the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this
point the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil pressure builds in
the cylinder.

TYPES OF HYDRAULIC JACKS

1. Floor Jacks: These jacks are primarily used to lift heavy equipment from the
surface of the floor. It is more often used to change the tyres of vehicles.

2. Hydraulic Bottle Jacks: Hydraulic bottle are versatile since they can be placed
in tight spots and provides good leverage. They have a longer handle as compared
to rest of the hydraulic jacks and push up against a lever that gives a lift to the
main lift arm. With their use, it is possible to give a greater lift per stroke.

3. Long Ram Jacks: In simple terms, it is a hydraulic jack with a long size ram.
Its lever handle is quite easy to use. It is primarily used for performing various
types of repairing work.

4. Shop Press jacks: They are of great use in press jobs where there arises a need
to generate tremendous pressure with minimum effort.

SCREW JACKS:

A jackscrew is a type of jack which is operated by turning a leadscrew. In the form of

a screw jack it is commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of
houses, or large vehicles.

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 ► In the case of a screw jack, a small force applied in the horizontal plane is used to
raise or lower large load.

► A jackscrew's compressive force is obtained through the tension force applied by

its lead screw.

► Harsh environment applications such as steel mills, mining, oil & gas, and
primary metal smelting operations, here screw Jacks are preferred over
hydraulics. In these environments where hydraulic cylinders would simply not
survive the fluctuating temperatures.

► A jackscrew's threads must support heavy loads. In the most heavy-duty

applications, such as screw jacks, a square thread or buttress thread is used,
because it has the lowest friction. In other application such as actuators, an Acme
thread is used, although it has higher friction.

TYPES OF SCREW JACKS

1. Scissor jack: A scissor jack is a device constructed with a cross-hatch

mechanism, much like a scissor, to lift up a vehicle for repair or storage. It
typically works in just a vertical manner. The jack opens and folds closed,
applying pressure to the bottom supports along the crossed pattern to move the
lift. When closed, they have a diamond shape. Scissor jacks are simple
mechanisms used to drive large loads short distances. The power screw design of
a common scissor jack reduces the amount of force required by the user to drive
the mechanism. Most scissor jacks are similar in design, consisting of four main
members driven by a power screw. A scissor jack is operated simply by turning a
small crank that is inserted into one end of the scissor jack. This crank is usually
"Z" shaped. The end fits into a ring hole mounted on the end of the screw, which

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 is the object of force on the scissor jack. When this crank is turned, the screw
turns, and this raises the jack. The screw acts like a gear mechanism. It has teeth
(the screw thread), which turn and move the two arms, producing work. Just by
turning this screw thread, the scissor jack can lift a vehicle that is several
thousand pounds.
2. Bumper jacks: They were used earlier and are not prevalent nowadays.

1.4 PROS AND CONS OF BOTH MECHANISMS

Screw Jacks and Hydraulic Cylinders each offer their own unique advantages as lifting
and positioning devices

SCREW JACKS:

► Over time, hydraulic cylinders can lose position or “creep” due to loss of pressure
at the pump or through the cylinder seal. In some cases, a damaged hydraulic line
or hose can cause complete loss of position. This will not happen with Screw
Jacks since the primary lifting mechanism (acme thread) is inherently self-locking
i.e. the jack will not “creep” even when the drive motor is shut down.

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 ► Screw jacks are often preferred for their self-locking characteristics, ability to
withstand harsh environments, minimal drive components, and high duty cycles.

► Scissor jacks are handy because they are compact when they are in their
contracted position.

► Harsh environment applications such as steel mills, paper mills, mining, oil & gas,
and primary metal smelting operations are the areas where Screw Jacks are

preferred over hydraulics. Jacks commonly operate for many years in these

environments where hydraulic cylinders would simply not survive the fluctuating
temperatures and gritty conditions without frequent breakdown.

► Additional benefits of screw jacks include minimal drive components and setup
simplicity. Where hydraulics require a pumping device, oil reservoir, and oil
lines, Joyce Screw Jacks can be directly connected to a drive motor and a simple
on/off control device.

HYDRAULIC JACK:

► These jacks are sturdier than the scissor jacks and can lift heavier loads.
► Over time, hydraulic cylinders can lose position or “creep” due to loss of pressure
at the pump or through the cylinder seal.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 PAST WORK DONE

EARLIEST JACK DEVELOPMENT:

► There is evidence of the use of screws in the Ancient Roman world but it was
Leonardo da Vinci, in the late 1400s, who first demonstrated the use of a screw
jack for lifting loads.

HIS DESIGN:

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 ► Leonardo design used a threaded worm gear, supported on bearings, that is rotated
by the turning of a worm shaft to drive a lifting screw to move the load - instantly
recognizable as the principle we use today.

FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS:

Screw type mechanical jacks were very common for jeeps and trucks of World War
II vintage. For example, the World War II jeeps were issued the "Jack, Automobile,
Screw type, Capacity 1 and 1/2 ton".

With the industrial revolution of the late 18th and 19th centuries came the first use
of screws in machine tools, via English inventors such as John Wilkinson and
Henry Maudsley. During the early 1880s in Coaticook, a small town near Quebec, a
24-year- old inventor named Frank Henry Sleeper designed a lifting jack. Like da
Vinci’s jack, it was a technological innovation because it was based on the
principle of the ball bearing for supporting a load and transferred rotary motion,
through gearing and a screw, into linear motion for moving the load. The device
was efficient, reliable and easy to operate. It was used in the construction of
bridges, but mostly by the railroad industry, where it was able to lift locomotives
and railway cars. The idea was based on the familiar lever and fulcrum principle
and he needed someone to manufacture it

► There was clearly potential for using this technology for other applications and
only 10 years later, in 1940, the first worm gear screw jack, that is instantly
recognizable today, was offered by Duff-Norton, for adjusting the heights of truck
loading platforms and mill tables.
► Since then the product has evolved to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of
anything from a few kilos to hundreds of tonnes. One of the biggest single screw
jacks made to date is a special Power Jacks E-Series unit that is rated for 350
tonnes even in earthquake conditions for the nuclear industry.

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2.2 RESEARCH PAPERS REFERRED

1. Integrated Automated Jacks for 4-wheelers (8)

P.S. Rana, P.H. Belge1, N.A. Nagrare1, C.A. Padwad1, P.R. Daga1, K.B.
Deshbhratar1

ABSTRACT

An Automobile hydraulic jack can be easily operated by a single push button provided
on the dash board. The jack will be installed on both the sides of chassis according to

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 the weight distributions of the car. Similarly it will be installed on the other side of the
car. The system operates on hydraulic drive which consists of three main parts:

Hydraulic pump, driven by an electric motor, hydraulic cylinder to lift the vehicle. The
hydraulic jacks actuate separately for either side of car as per the breakdown
condition. The car gets lifted and load gets distributed on three point i.e., plunger or
ram of hydraulic cylinder and two tires opposite to side which is lifted. This jack will
be very useful for all the senior citizens and especially for females (ladies) who find it
extremely difficult to operate the jack manually in any breakdown condition. The
motive behind using hydraulic system instead of a pneumatic system is the more
power produced by the system and simple in design as compared to a pneumatic
design. As the hydraulic oil is incompressible so the lifting capacity is more in
comparison with the pneumatic system which operates on air which is compressible.

2. ANALYSIS OF AUTO CAR JACK (7)

M.M. Noor1, K. Kadirgama1 and M.M. Rahman1

ABSTRACT

Side road emergency is always a common headache especially during the tire
punctured. This paper discussed the development of the car jack for emergency usage
with using internal cigarette lighter power (12volts). The automatic easy car-jack
utilized this power source to save individuals internal energy. Gear ratio was used to
increase the lifting power. The car jack was developed utilizing the Solidworks® and
analysed using Finite Element Analysis to check safety factor and force acting. The
car jack tested on real car and it proven it can be used commercially

3. Inbuilt Hydraulic Jack in Automobile Vehicles (9)

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 ABSTRACT:
An inbuilt hydraulic jack system is attached to automobile vehicle on front and rear
part of the chassis. An automobile hydraulic jack system can be easily attached to all
currently manufacture automobile chassis and frames.
There is a front suspension hydraulic jack that is mounted centrally to the front
suspension of an automobile between its front wheels. There is also a rear suspension
hydraulic jack that is mounted centrally to the rear suspension of the automobile
between its rear wheels. The system operates from a compressed fluid reservoir tank
that has connections for the front and rear car jack outlets. Additional outlets can be
added to the compressed fluid reservoir tank for connecting a hydraulic lug wrench
and another for a tire inflating hose.
The Major Project entitled “Inbuilt hydraulic jack in automobile vehicle” Worked on
the principal of hydraulic power and operated by 12 Volt DC current, solves the all
major problem of maintenance of all automobiles specially the heavy vehicles like
truck and bus.
This work, if implemented, would definitely help in the maintenance of automobiles
and also in saving of time.

3.1 OUR PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

► To provide a safe and simple automatic jack system without use of manual
effort.
► To provide an alternative jack system that can operate without external sources
of actuation, such as extra hydraulic pumps, reservoirs, or pneumatic systems.
► To provide a novel jack system that can be operated from within the vehicle by
means of a dashboard control panel.

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 ► To provide a novel jack system that is directly and permanently incorporated into
the vehicle frame in such a way as to prevent the additional risk of damage or
weathering.

Limitations of the current floor jack:

► Current floor jacks – Manually mounted on the vehicle frame, and
necessitate an external hydraulic pump or pneumatic system or mechanical
force.
► They can’t be used by old people or the increasing number of lady drivers.

Problem to be solved:
Make the floor jack convenient and efficient to use from within the automobile.
Also at the same time the jack system assembly should be feasible and
economically practical and the weight of the vehicle also should be not be largely
increased.

Solution to be investigated:
Development an automatic built-in jack

3.2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT

PASCAL’s LAW (12):

His law states that pressure in a confined fluid is trans-mitted undiminished in every
direction and acts with equal force on equal areas and at right angle to a container's
walls as shown in fig below:

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3.3 What We Propose:

Power can be derived in the following ways for the movement of the jack:

► Power can be taken from the running engine on neutral gear.

► Power can be taken directly from the battery.

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 ► Jack can be raised with the help by a hybrid mechanism which uses electric
energy from the battery and drives the motor to operate a hydraulic jack.

One of the above options can be chosen according to their efficiency and cost
effectiveness.

❖ We are currently trying to take the power by last method which is by a hybrid mechanism
which uses electric energy from the battery and drives the motor to operate a hydraulic
jack

3.4 POSITION OF JACKS IN VEHICLES

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Bottom view of the automatic jack system illustrating the position of four jacks in the
retracted position in a car marked with ‘4’.

Lateral view of the vehicle illustrating the relative position of two jacks in the lowered
position, car.

Bottom view of the automatic jack illustrating the position of four jacks in the retracted
position, in a truck or a SUV vehicle marked with ‘4’.

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 Lateral view of the vehicle illustrating the relative position of two jacks in the lowered
position, truck.

1. WHEELS OF VEHICLE

2. GEARBOX

3. ENGINE

4. POSITION OF JACKS

5. REAR AXLE

3.5 CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT OF JACKS

Schematic top view of the control panel in automobile illustrating the layout of the
control switches.

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This way we can provide electrical switches in the instrument panel inside the car which
will provide enhanced convenience of the operation of jacks for the passengers.

ADVANTAGES OF THIS SYSTEM

► The maintenance of vehicle will be very easy and cheap.

► This type of system is very useful for ladies and old people since during the
problem of puncher of tyres, they can easily change the wheel.
► Time saving of maintenance
► This is also very useful for heavy vehicles such as trucks and buses, since there is
a common problem of breaking leaf spring plates

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 ► A single person can go on a long drive without worrying about getting stuck in
the way.

DISADVANTAGES OF THIS SYSTEM

► Cost will increase slightly.

► Weight of vehicle will increase slightly.

CONCLUSION
Automatic inbuilt jacking system in automobiles will not only save the effort of a person
but will also save one’s precious time under critical circumstances.

This concept will eliminate the need of carrying a conventional mechanical scissor jack
while travelling. It is a very feasible concept and if worked over cautiously, will become
popular very soon.

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 Motor operated mechanical jacks are already in the market but the jack’s design is the
area of concern. In order to make built-in jack system practical, jack’s shape and type
need modification.

Mechanical jacks are pretty easily operated but their effectiveness and maintenance may
become an issue as they will be move with chassis, constantly underneath hence, chances
of rusting and damage is high.

Hydraulic jacks look convenient to use and can also prove quite effective and easy to
maintain (as completely closed) in long run, they will provide more power too but there
are also some challenges like keeping low production cost and designing of jack which
can be carried with the chassis given, common ground clearance level of an automobile,
and keeping in check the increase in weight of automobile.

❖ After successful implementation of the above idea in small passenger cars, future
developments can be made in design to apply the same in heavy duty automobiles also.

REFERENCES

1. Mueller, Pamela, and Thomas L. Mueller. "Built In-Power Jack." U.S. Patent
Number 4,993,688, 1991 [2].

2. William Cox (July 2001), "Light Talk on Heavy Jacks", Old-House Journal.

3. Parr, Andrew. Hydraulics and Pneumatics: A Technician's and Engineer's

Guide. 1st Edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999. Print.
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 4. Mosely, David J. "Vehicle Mounted Hydraulic Jack System." U.S. Patent
Number 5,377,957,1995.

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)

6. https://www.mechanical-farm.com/

7. Built-in power jack, US 4993688 A Thomas L. Mueller, Pamela A. Mueller.

8. Noor,M.M., Kadirgama K., Rahman,M.M .,ANALYSIS OF AUTO CAR

JACK,2010.

9. Rana P.S., Belge P.H., Nagrare N.A., Padwad C.A., Daga P.R.,
Deshbhratar K.B. Mandavgade N.K. Integrated Automated Jacks for 4-
wheelers,2012.

10. Abuzaid Mohammed, Hasnain Mohammad, Alam Shabaj, Khan Sohail,

Agarwal Surendra , Inbuilt Hydraulic Jack in Automobile Vehicles,Vol.2 ,
2013.

11. http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200318919_200318919

12. http://www.deltahoist.com/catalog/product/15

13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_law

14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)

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