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ICoAIMS 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234567890
890 (2017) 012118 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012118

Hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets

Admi Nazra, Syafruddin, Riri Lestari and Gandung Catur Wicaksono
Department of Mathematics, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia 25163

E-mail: admi@fmipa.unand.ac.id, syafruddin@fmipa.unand.ac.id,

ririlestariunand@gmail.com, gandungcatur12@gmail.com

Abstract. This paper aims to extend the hesitant fuzzy soft sets to hesitant intuitionistic
fuzzy soft sets by merging the concept of hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy sets and soft sets. The
authors define some operations on hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy sets, such as complement, union
and intersection, and obtain related properties. The similar operations are defined on hesitant
intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets, and also some properties such as assosiative and De Morgan’s laws
are obtained.

1. Introduction
The study on fuzzy sets is growing rapidly to date with various types of fuzzy sets such as Fuzzy
Soft Sets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets. Related to the concept of the fuzzy sets, there
are many theoretical mathematics problems that can be solved by using this concept, such as
a research by Nazra [1] on fuzzy algebra. In developing the theory of fuzzy sets, either related
to decision making problems or not, it is not regardless from the algebraic structure. One of
the new researches on fuzzy set is a study by Karaaslan [2] who studied on Intuitionistic Fuzzy
Parameterized Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set. All of the above types of research, the membership
(or non-membership) value of an element in a set is a unique value in closed interval [0, 1]. But
since 2009, researchers begin to investigate, what if the membership (or non-membership) value
of an element in a set is a subset of [0, 1]. Then Torra and Narukawa [3] introduce the concept
of Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (HFSs). The concept of HFSs is very useful in handling the situation
where a decision maker hesitate in determining the choice of membership (or non-membership)
value of an element in a set in the framework of a decision-making process.
The study on HFSs combined with Soft Sets was done by Babitha and John [4] who introduced
the Hesitant Fuzzy Soft Sets (HFSSs) concept and analyzed some of its basic mathematical
operations. Recent researches on HFSSs are in [5] and [6] in which it is defined other operations
on HFSSs and its application to decision making problems. All the above studies on HFSs and
HFSSs, it is assumed that there is only the membership value of an element in a set. This
means that the non-membership value is assumed as a empty set. Then Beg and Rashid [7]
introduced the concept of Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (IHFSs) by merging the concept
of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and HFSs. The similar research was done by Bin [8] which is
called Generalized Hesitant Fuzzy Sets (GHFSs). However, neither Beg and Rashid [7] nor Bin
[8] studies algebraic properties of IHFSs or GHFSs. By using definition of IHFSs introduced
by Beg and Rashid [7] (we call by Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets/HIFSs), this paper will
introduce some operations on HIFSs and their properties. Furthermore we introduce a concept
which is called by Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets (HIFSSs) as a combination between

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ICoAIMS 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234567890
890 (2017) 012118 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012118

HIFSs and Soft Sets. Then some operations on HIFSSs are defined and some of their properties
are studied.

2. Preliminaries
In this section we review the concept on fuzzy sets, fuzzy soft sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
The fuzzy set X over a set H is a set X = {(h, µ(h))|h ∈ H} where µ : H → [0, 1] which is
called the membership function of X and µ(h) is called the membership value of h in X.
Definition 1. [9] Fuzzy Soft Set. Let U be a universal set, E is a paramater set, A ⊆ E. A
pair (fA , A) is called a fuzzy soft set over U if fA : A → I U where I U is the collection of all fuzzy
sets over U .
Definition 2. [10] Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set. Let U be a set. An intuitionistic fuzzy set Y over
the set U is defined as
Y = {< z, µY (z), γY (z) > |z ∈ U }
where µY : U → [0, 1] and γY : U → [0, 1], such that 0 ≤ µY (z) + γY (z) ≤ 1 for all z ∈ U . µY (z)
and γY (z) are called the membership and the non-membership values of z in Y respectively.

3. Hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy sets

In this section, we recall the definition of Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (HIFSs) and Hesitant
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Elements (HIFEs). Base on these definitions, we introduce some operations
on HIFEs and HIFSs.
Definition 3. [7] Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set. Given a set U. Suppose µ and µ0 are
functions applied to U return subsets of [0, 1] where for any u ∈ U µ(u) and µ0 (u) are sets of
some values in [0, 1]. A hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy set (HIFS) on U is a set

X̃ = {< u, µ(u), µ0 (u) > |u ∈ U }.

Values µ(u) and µ0 (u) denote the possible memberhip and non-membership values of the element
u ∈ U to the set X̃ respectively, which satisfy

max{µ(u)} + min{µ0 (u)} ≤ 1

and
min{µ(u)} + max{µ0 (u)} ≤ 1.
For simplification, µ̃(u) = (µ(u), µ0 (u)) is called a hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy element (HIFE)
on u ∈ U , with
µ(u) = {α1 , . . . , αm |αi ∈ [0, 1]}
and
µ0 (u) = {α10 , . . . , αn0 |αi0 ∈ [0, 1]}.
The HIFS X̃ can be written as

X̃ = {< u, µ̃(u) > |u ∈ U },

where µ̃(u) = (µ(u), µ0 (u)). The set of all HIFSs on U is denoted by IH(U
f ).
0
A HIFS X̃ = {< u, µ(u), µ (u) > |u ∈ U } is called:
i) The null HIFS, denoted by ˜∅, if µ̃(u) = (µ(u), µ0 (u)) = ({0}, {1}),
ii) The universal HIFS, denoted by 1̃, if µ̃(u) = (µ(u), µ0 (u)) = ({1}, {0}).
Now, we define some operations on HIFEs.

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IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234567890
890 (2017) 012118 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012118

Definition 4. Complement, Union and Intersection of HIFEs. Let µ̃i (u) = (µi (u), µ0i (u)),
i = 1, 2, be HIFEs on u ∈ U with

µ1 (u) = {α1 , . . . , αm |αi ∈ [0, 1]}, µ01 (u) = {α10 , . . . , αn0 |αi0 ∈ [0, 1]},

µ2 (u) = {β1 , . . . , βp |βi ∈ [0, 1]}, µ02 (u) = {β10 , . . . , βq0 |βi0 ∈ [0, 1]}.
The complement of µ̃i (u), the union and the intersection of µ̃1 (u) and µ̃2 (u) are defined as
follows respectively.
i) µ̃ci (u) = (µ0i (u), µi (u)).
 
0 0
ii) µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃2 (u) = ∪αi ∈µ1 (u) {max{αi , βj }}, ∪α0i ∈µ01 (u) {min{αi , βj }} .
βj ∈µ2 (u) βj0 ∈µ02 (u)
 
iii) µ̃1 (u) ∩ µ̃2 (u) = ∪αi ∈µ1 (u) {min{αi , βj }}, ∪α0i ∈µ01 (u) {max{αi0 , βj0 }} .
βj ∈µ2 (u) βj0 ∈µ02 (u)

It is easy to see that Definition 4 is well defined. For this, we only check ii).
Let µ̃1 (u) = ({α1 , . . . , αm }, {α1 , . . . , αn }), µ̃2 (u) = ({β1 , . . . , βp }, {β10 , . . . , βq0 }) be HIFEs.
0 0

Suppose that µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃2 (u) := w̃(u) = (w(u), w0 (u)). We shall show that max{w(u)} +
min{w0 (u)} ≤ 1 and min{w(u)} + max{w0 (u)} ≤ 1. If max{w(u)} = max{α1 , . . . , αm } and
min{w0 (u)} = min{β10 , . . . , βq0 } then max{α1 , . . . , αm } + min{β10 , . . . , βq0 } ≤ max{α1 , . . . , αm } +
min{α10 , . . . , αn0 } ≤ 1. It is similar for the other cases.
Related to the above definition, we define some operations on HIFSs.
Definition 5. Complement, Union and Intersection of HIFSs. Given two HIFSs X̃ = {<
u, µ̃(u) > |u ∈ U }, Ỹ = {< u, ν̃(u) > |u ∈ U } on U.
The complement of X̃, the union and the intersection of X̃ and Ỹ are defined as follows
respectively.
i) X̃ c = {< u, µ̃c (u) > |u ∈ U }.
ii) X̃ ∪ Ỹ = {< u, µ̃(u) ∪ ν̃(u) > |u ∈ U }.
iii) X̃ ∩ Ỹ = {< u, µ̃(u) ∩ ν̃(u) > |u ∈ U }.
Now, we get the following properties of HIFEs and HIFSs.
Proposition 6. Let µ̃i (u) be HIFEs on u ∈ U . Then the following hold.
i) (µ̃ci (u))c = µi (u).
ii) µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃2 (u) = µ̃2 (u) ∪ µ̃1 (u).
iii) µ̃1 (u) ∩ µ̃2 (u) = µ̃2 (u) ∩ µ̃1 (u).
iv) (µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃2 (u))c = µ̃c1 (u) ∩ µ̃c2 (u).
v) (µ̃1 (u) ∩ µ̃2 (u))c = µ̃c1 (u) ∪ µ̃c2 (u).
vi) µ̃1 (u) ∩ (µ̃2 (u) ∩ µ̃3 (u)) = (µ̃1 (u) ∩ µ̃2 (u)) ∩ µ̃3 (u).
vii) µ̃1 (u) ∪ (µ̃2 (u) ∪ µ̃3 (u)) = (µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃2 (u)) ∪ µ̃3 (u).
viii) µ̃1 (u) ∪ (µ̃2 (u) ∩ µ̃3 (u)) = (µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃2 (u)) ∩ (µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃3 (u)).
ix) µ̃1 (u) ∩ (µ̃2 (u) ∪ µ̃3 (u)) = (µ̃1 (u) ∩ µ̃2 (u)) ∪ (µ̃1 (u) ∩ µ̃3 (u)).
Proof. Suppose that µ̃i = (µi (u), µ0i (u)) with µi (u) = {α1i , . . . , αmi |αji ∈ [0, 1]}, µ0i (u) =
0 , . . . , α0 |α0
{α1i i). (µ̃ci (u))c = (µ0i (u), µi (u))c = (µi (u), µ0i (u)). ii). Since
ni ji ∈ [0, 1]}.
max{αj1 , αj2 } = max{αj2 , αj1 } and min{αj1 0 , α0 } = min{α0 , α0 } then ii) is proved. iii). Sim-
 j2 j2 j1 c
c 0 0
ilar to ii). iv). (µ̃1 (u) ∪ µ̃2 (u)) = ∪αj1 ∈µ1 (u) {max{αj1 , αj2 }}, ∪α0j1 ∈µ1 (u) {min{αj1 , αj2 }} =
αj2 ∈µ2 (u) α0j2 ∈µ2 (u)

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IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234567890
890 (2017) 012118 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012118

 
0 , α0 }}, ∪
∪α0j1 ∈µ1 (u) {min{αj1 =µ̃c1 (u) ∩ µ̃c2 (u).
j2 αj1 ∈µ1 (u) {max{αj1 , αj2 }} v). Simi-
0
αj2 ∈µ2 (u) αj2 ∈µ2 (u)
lar to iv). vi). Since min{αj1 , min{αj2 , αj3 }} = min{min{αj1 , αj2 }, αj3 } and
0 0 0
max{αj1 , max{αj2 , αj3 }} = max{max{αj1 0 , α0 }, α0 } then vi) is proved. vii). Similar to
j2 j3
vi). viii). Note that max{αj1 , min{αj2 , αj3 }} = min{max{αj1 , αj2 }, max{αj1 , αj3 }} and
min{αj1 0 , max{α0 , α0 }} = max{min{α0 , α0 }, min{α0 , α0 }}. So viii) is proved. ix). Similar
j2 j3 j1 j2 j1 j3
to viii).

Proposition 7. Let X̃, Ỹ , Z̃ be HIFSs on U. Then the following hold.

i) (X̃ c )c = X̃.
ii) X̃ ∪ Ỹ = Ỹ ∪ X̃.
iii) X̃ ∩ Ỹ = Ỹ ∩ X̃.
iv) (X̃ ∪ Ỹ )c = X̃ c ∩ Ỹ c .
v) (X̃ ∩ Ỹ )c = X̃ c ∪ Ỹ c .
vi) X̃ ∩ (Ỹ ∩ Z̃) = (X̃ ∩ Ỹ ) ∩ Z̃.
vii) X̃ ∪ (Ỹ ∪ Z̃) = (X̃ ∪ Ỹ ) ∪ Z̃.
viii) X̃ ∪ (Ỹ ∩ Z̃) = (X̃ ∪ Ỹ ) ∩ (X̃ ∪ Z̃).
ix) X̃ ∩ (Ỹ ∪ Z̃) = (X̃ ∩ Ỹ ) ∪ (X̃ ∩ Z̃).

Proof. To prove Proposition 7, we use Definition 5 and Proposition 6. Let X̃ = {< u, µ̃(u) >
|u ∈ U }, Ỹ = {< u, ν̃(u) > |u ∈ U } and Z̃ = {< u, w̃(u) > |u ∈ U } be HIFSs on U.
i) (X̃ c )c = {< u, µ̃c (u) > |u ∈ U }c = {< u, (µ̃c (u))c > |u ∈ U }.
ii) X̃ ∪ Ỹ = {< u, µ̃(u) ∪ ν̃(u) > |u ∈ U } = {< u, ν̃(u) ∪ µ̃(u) > |u ∈ U }.
iii) Similar to ii).
iv) (X̃ ∪ Ỹ )c = {< u, (µ̃(u) ∪ ν̃(u))c > |u ∈ U } = {< u, µ̃c (u) ∩ ν̃ c (u) > |u ∈ U } = X̃ c ∩ Ỹ c .
v) Similar to iv).
vi) X̃ ∩ (Ỹ ∩ Z̃) = {< u, µ̃(u) ∩ (ν̃(u) ∩ w̃(u)) > |u ∈ U } = {< u, (µ̃(u) ∩ ν̃(u)) ∩ w̃(u) > |u ∈
U } = (X̃ ∩ Ỹ ) ∩ Z̃.
vii) Similar to vi).
viii) X̃ ∪ (Ỹ ∩ Z̃) = {< u, µ̃(u) ∪ (ν̃(u) ∩ w̃(u)) > |u ∈ U } = {< u, (µ̃(u) ∪ ν̃(u)) ∩ (µ̃(u) ∪ w̃(u)) >
|u ∈ U } = (X̃ ∪ Ỹ ) ∩ (X̃ ∪ Z̃).
ix) Similar to viii).

4. Hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy soft set

In this section, we introduce the definition of Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets as a
combination of HIFSs and Soft sets. Next we give some results related to some operations
on such Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Sets.
Definition 8. Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set. Given IH(U
f ) the collection of all HIFSs
on U. A pair (F̃ , E) is called a Hesitant Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Set (HIFSS) over U, where
f ), F̃ (e) = {< u, µe (u), µ0 (u) > |u ∈ U } = {< u, µ̃e (u) > |u ∈ U } ∈ IH(U
F̃ : E → IH(U f ) and
e
(F̃ , E) = {< e, F̃ (e) > |e ∈ E}.
Definition 9. Complement of a HIFSS. The complement of a HIFSS (F̃ , E) is defined as
(F̃ , E)c = (F̃ c , E) where F̃ c : E → IH(U
f ) is defined by F̃ c (e) := (F̃ (e))c , ∀ e ∈ E.

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IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234567890
890 (2017) 012118 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012118

The following are the operations on HIFSSs.

Definition 10. Given two HIFSSs (F̃ , A) and (G̃, B) over U. It is defined two operations on
such HIFSSs as follows:
(1) (F̃ , A) ∧ (G̃, B) := (T̃ , A × B), where T̃ (a, b) := F̃ (a) ∩ G̃(b), ∀ (a, b) ∈ A × B.

(2) (F̃ , A) ∨ (G̃, B) := (Ñ , A × B), where Ñ (a, b) := F̃ (a) ∪ G̃(b), ∀ (a, b) ∈ A × B.
Then we obtain the following properties of HIFSSs.
Theorem 11. Given two hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets (F̃ , A) and (G̃, B) over U. Then
the following De Morgan’s laws hold.
i) ((F̃ , A) ∧ (G̃, B))c = (F̃ , A)c ∨ (G̃, B)c .

ii) ((F̃ , A) ∨ (G̃, B))c = (F̃ , A)c ∧ (G̃, B)c .

Proof. We use Definition 9, Definition 10 (1) and Proposition 7 v) to prove Theorem 11 i).
((F̃ , A) ∧ (G̃, B))c = (T̃ , A × B)c = (T̃ c , A × B). T̃ c (a, b) = (F̃ (a) ∩ G̃(b))c = F̃ (a)c ∪ G̃c (b) =
Ñ (a, b) ∀(a, b) ∈ A × B, where (Ñ , A × B) = (F̃ c , A) ∨ (G̃c , B). Simillar to i), we can apply
Definition 9, Definition 10 (2) and Proposition 7 iv) to prove Theorem 11 ii).

Theorem 12. Given three hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets (F̃ , A), (K̃, B) and (G̃, C) over
U. Then the following assosiative law holds.
i) (F̃ , A) ∧ ((K̃, B) ∧ (G̃, C)) = ((F̃ , A) ∧ (K̃, B)) ∧ (G̃, C).
ii) (F̃ , A) ∨ ((K̃, B) ∨ (G̃, C)) = ((F̃ , A) ∨ (K̃, B)) ∨ (G̃, C).

Proof. By using Definition 10 (1) and Proposition 7 vi), (F̃ , A) ∧ ((K̃, B) ∧ (G̃, C))=(F̃ , A) ∧
(T̃ , B×C)=(Ñ , A×B×C) where ∀(b, c) ∈ B×C, T̃ (b, c) = K̃(b)∩ G̃(c) and ∀(a, b, c) ∈ A×B×C,
Ñ (a, b, c) = F̃ (a) ∩ T̃ (b, c)= F̃ (a) ∩ (K̃(b) ∩ G̃(c))=(F̃ (a) ∩ K̃(b)) ∩ G̃(c)=M̃ (a, b) ∩ G̃(c) with
M̃ (a, b) = F̃ (a) ∩ K̃(b). Note that (M̃ , A × B) ∧ (G, C)=((F̃ , A) ∧ (K̃, B)) ∧ (G̃, C). Therefore
Theorem 12 i) is proved. Similar to i), Theorem 12 ii) can be proved using Definition 10 (2) and
Proposition 7 vii).

Note that the distributive law of IHFSS does not hold because A×(B×C) 6= (A×B)×(A×C).
So, (F̃ , A) ∧ ((K̃, B) ∨ (G̃, C)) 6= ((F̃ , A) ∧ (K̃, B)) ∨ ((F̃ , A) ∧ (G̃, C)), and (F̃ , A) ∨ ((K̃, B) ∧
(G̃, C)) 6= ((F̃ , A) ∨ (K̃, B)) ∧ ((F̃ , A) ∨ (G̃, C)).
Definition 13. Union and Intersection of HIFSSs. Given two hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy soft
ˆ (G̃, B) =:
sets (F̃ , A) and (G̃, B) over U. The Union of (F̃ , A) and (G̃, B), denoted by (F̃ , A)∪
(Õ, C) is a HIFSS, where C = A ∪ B, and ∀ c ∈ C,

Õ(c) = F̃ (c), if c ∈ A − B
= G̃(c), if c ∈ B − A
= F̃ (c) ∪ G̃(c), if c ∈ A ∩ B.

˜ C) is a HIFSS, where
ˆ (G̃, B) =: (I,
The Intersection of (F̃ , A) and (G̃, B), denoted by (F̃ , A)∩
˜
C = A ∩ B 6= ∅, and ∀ c ∈ C, I(c) = F̃ (c) ∩ G̃(c).
A HIFSS (F̃ , A) = {< a, F̃ (a) > |a ∈ A} is called
i) the empty HIFSS, denoted by ˜
∅A , if F̃ (a) = ˜∅,

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IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1234567890
890 (2017) 012118 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012118

ii) the universal HIFSS, denoted by ŨA , if F̃ (a) = 1̃.

Note that if A 6= B then the De Morgan’s law is not satisfied for the union and the intersection
of HIFSSs.
Theorem 14. Given two HIFSSs over U , (F̃ , A) and (G̃, A). Then
ˆ (G̃, A))c = (F̃ , A)c ∩
i) ((F̃ , A)∪ ˆ (G̃, A)c
ˆ (G̃, A))c = (F̃ , A)c ∪
ii) ((F̃ , A)∩ ˆ (G̃, A)c .

Proof. Theorem 14 can be proved using Definition 9, Definition 13 and Proposition 7 iv) and
ˆ (G̃, A))c =(Õ, A)c =(Õc , C) where ∀a ∈ A, Õ(a) = F̃ (a) ∪ G̃(a), Õc (a) =
v). Let ((F̃ , A)∪
F̃ (a) ∩ G̃ (a). Note that (F̃ , A)c ∩
c c ˆ (G̃, A)c =(F̃ c , A)∩
ˆ (G̃c , A)=(Õc , C). Therefore Theorem 14
i) is proved. Similar to i) Theorem 14 ii) can be proved.

5. Conclusion
In this research, we have introduced the notion on hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets with
its operations. Base on these operations we obtained some properties, such as commutative,
associative and De Morgan’ laws.

Acknowledgment. The authors acknowledge the financial assistance given by Andalas

University. The authors would also like to express our deepest gratitude to the editor and
reviewers for their useful suggestions and valuable comments.

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[8] Bin C 2016 Italian journal of pure and applied mathematics 36 pp 35-34
[9] Maji P K, Biswas R and Roy A R 2001 Journal of Fuzzy Mathematics 589602
[10] Atanassov K 1986 Fuzzy Sets and Systems 20 pp 87-96