Chem 1051

Final Exam Review

Solutions

In a study of new gasoline-resistant coatings, a polymer chemist dissolves 6.053 g

of poly(vinyl alcohol) in enough water to make 100.0 mL of solution. At 25 ˚C, the
osmotic pressure of this solution is 27.6 kPa. What is the molar mass of the
polymer sample?
Kinetics

Consider the reaction between Exp. [A], M [B], M Initial Rate of

reactants A and B: Disappearance of A, M s-1
2 A (g) + B (g) ⇌ 3 C (g) 1 1.72 2.44 0.680
The data obtained from several
experiments are listed in the table: 2 3.44 2.44 5.44
3 2.91 0.100 0.135
Determine the rate law and rate
constant for the disappearance of A. 4 1.59 1.22 0.269
Kinetics
The radioactive isotope P32 decays to products by first order kinetics and has a half-life of 14.3
days. How many hours does it take for 90.0% of a sample of P32 to decay?
Equilibrium

An equilibrium mixture for the following reaction at 100 C contains 0.310 M SO2 (g), 0.140 M
Cl2 (g) and 0.560 M SO2Cl2 (g) in a 5.00 L container.
Cl2 (g) + SO2 (g)  SO2Cl2 (g)

(a) What is the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction at 100 C?
Equilibrium
b) Calculate the number of moles of gaseous SO2 which must be added to the original
equilibrium mixture from part (a) which will reduce the concentration of Cl2 (g) to
0.100 M when equilibrium has been re-established at the same temperature.
Equilibrium
A 25.0 g amount of solid ammonium chloride is placed in an evacuated 10.0 L container and
heated to 410 C so that it decomposes to hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia gas. When
equilibrium is established the total pressure in the container was found to be 4.40 bar.

NH4Cl (s)  NH3 (g) + HCl (g)

a) Calculate Kp and Kc for the reaction at this temperature.

Acid-Base

The diprotic acid, sulfurous acid, H2SO3, has Ka1= 1.30 x 10–2 and Ka2 = 6.20 x 10-8 at
25 ºC. Calculate the pH, [H2SO3], [HSO3–] and [SO32–] in 0.250 M H2SO3 (aq) at this
temperature.
Acid-Base

A 0.015 M solution of the weak acid HOCN has a pH = 2.67 at 25 ºC. Calculate Ka
for HOCN at 25 ºC.
Aqueous Equilibrium
A 25.00 mL solution of 0.190 M acrylic acid, HC3H3O2, is titrated with aqueous 0.150 M KOH at
25 C. Ka HC3H3O2 = 5.5 x 10-5 at 25 C.

(a) Calculate the pH after 15.00 mL of the 0.150 M KOH (aq) is added.
Aqueous Equilibrium
(b) Calculate the pH once the titration reaches the equivalence point.
Aqueous Equilibrium

Determine whether a precipitate will form when 25.00 mL solution of 0.010 M Pb(NO3)2 (aq)
is mixed with 75.00 mL of 0.050 M NaBr (aq) at 25 ºC. Ksp PbBr2 = 4.0 x 10–5
Gibbs Energy and Thermodynamics

The reaction for the formation of hydrazine from ammonia is:

2 NH3 (g)  N2H4 (l) + H2 (g)
We know the following data for the reaction species at 298.15 K:
ΔH f (NH 3 )  -46.1 kJ mol -1 ΔH f (N 2 H 4 )  50.6 kJ mol -1
S (NH 3 )  192.3 J K 1 mol -1 S (H 2 )  130.6 J K 1 mol -1 S (N 2 H 4 )  121.2 J K 1 mol -1

a) Why was S provided for H2 (g), but not D fH?

Since H2 (g) is the element in its standard reference state the enthalpy of formation is defined as zero. Th
b) Calculate DH for the reaction at 298.15 K.

c) Calculate DS for the reaction at 298.15 K.

Gibbs Energy and Thermodynamics

d) Calculate DG for the reaction at 298.15 K.

e) Is the reaction spontaneous at standard conditions at 298.15 K?

No, since the standard Gibbs energy change is positive.
f) What is DG for the reaction at non-standard conditions when the pressures of the gases in
the system are NH3 = 0.8125 bar and H2 = 1.00 x 10-5 bar at 298.15 K.
Electrochemistry
Consider the reduction half-reaction information given below:

reduction half-reaction E, V (25 C)

NO3- (aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e -  NO (g) + 2 H2O (l) +0.956

C2N2 (g) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e -  2 HCN (aq) +0.369

a) What is the balanced equation for the spontaneous overall reaction when we set up these
two standard half-cells to act as a galvanic cell.
6 HCN (aq) + 2 NO3- (aq) + 2 H+ (aq)  3 C2N2 (g) + 2 NO (g) + 4 H 2O (l)
[1] b) E BcellB = 0.956 V – 0.369 V
E BcellB = 0.587 V

b) Calculate E cell for this galvanic cell at 25 C.

Electrochemistry

c) What is the value of Keq for this reaction at 25 C?

Electrochemistry

d) Calculate Ecell for the following non-standard conditions at 25 C.

HCN   NO 3   H    0.800 M and PC2 N2  PNO  4.00 bar