Tilt Wall Analysis (ACI 318-14)

11.4—Required strength
11.4.1 General

11.4.1.1 Required strength shall be calculated in accor-

dance with the factored load combinations in Chapter 5.

11.4.1.2 Required strength shall be calculated in accor-

dance with the analysis procedures in Chapter 6.

11.4.1.3 Slenderness effects shall be calculated in accor-

dance with 6.6.4, 6.7, or 6.8. Alternatively, out-of-plane
slenderness analysis shall be permitted using 11.8 for walls
meeting the requirements of that section.

11.8—Alternative method for out-of-plane slender R11.8—Alternative method for out-of-plane slender
wall analysis wall analysis
11.8.1 General R11.8.1 General

11.8.1.1 It shall be permitted to analyze out-of-plane slen-
derness effects in accordance with this section for walls
satisfying (a) through (e):
(a) Cross section is constant over the height of the wall
(b) Wall is tension-controlled for out-of-plane moment
effect
(c) ϕMn is at least Mcr, where Mcr is calculated using fr as
provided in 19.2.3
(d) Pu at the midheight section does not exceed 0.06fc′Ag
(e) Calculated out-of-plane deflection due to service loads,
∆s, including P∆ effects, does not exceed ℓc /150
R11.8.1.1 This procedure is presented as an alternative to
the requirements of 11.5.2.1 for the out-of-plane design of
slender wall panels, where the panels are restrained against
rotation at the top.
Panels that have windows or other large openings are not
considered to have constant cross section over the height of
the panel. Such walls are to be designed taking into account
the effects of openings.
Many aspects of the design of tilt-up walls and buildings 11
are discussed in ACI 551.2R and Carter et al. (1993).

Panels w/ large openings

don't meet these
11.5.2 Axial load and in-plane or out-of-plane flexure

11.5.2.1 For bearing walls, Pn and Mn (in-plane or out-of-

plane) shall be calculated in accordance with 22.4. Alterna-
tively, axial load and out-of-plane flexure shall be permitted
6.7.1.1 An elastic second-order analysis shall consider the to be considered in accordance with 11.5.3.
influence of axial loads, presence of cracked regions along
the length of the member, and effects of load duration. These
considerations are satisfied using the cross-sectional proper-
ties defined in 6.7.2. 22.4—Axial strength or combined flexural and
axial strength
22.4.1 General

SP Wall doing this 22.4.1.1 Nominal flexural and axial strength shall be
calculated in accordance with the assumptions of 22.2.

22.4.2 Maximum axial compressive strength

6.7.2 Section properties
22.4.2.1 Nominal axial compressive strength Pn shall not
exceed Pn,max in accordance with Table 22.4.2.1, where Po is
6.7.2.1 Factored load analysis calculated by Eq. (22.4.2.2) for nonprestressed members and
composite steel and concrete members, and by Eq. (22.4.2.3)
6.7.2.1.1 It shall be permitted to use section properties for prestressed members.

calculated in accordance with 6.6.3.1. Table 22.4.2.1—Maximum axial strength

Transverse
Member reinforcement Pn,max
Ties conforming to
0.80Po (a)
22.4.2.4
Nonprestressed
Spirals conforming to
0.85Po (b)
22.4.2.5
Ties 0.80Po (c)
6.6.3.1.1 Moment of inertia and cross-sectional area Prestressed
Spirals 0.85Po (d)
of members shall be calculated in accordance with Tables
Composite steel and concrete
6.6.3.1.1(a) or 6.6.3.1.1(b), unless a more rigorous analysis columns in accordance with All 0.85Po (e)
is used. If sustained lateral loads are present, I for columns Chapter 10
and walls shall be divided by (1 + βds), where βds is the ratio
of maximum factored sustained shear within a story to the
maximum factored shear in that story associated with the 22.4.2.2 For nonprestressed members and composite steel
same load combination. and concrete members, Po shall be calculated by:

Table 6.6.3.1.1(a)—Moment of inertia and cross- Po = 0.85fc′(Ag – Ast) + fyAst (22.4.2.2)

sectional area permitted for elastic analysis at
factored load level where Ast is the total area of nonprestressed longitudinal
Moment of Cross-sectional reinforcement.
Member and condition Inertia area
Columns 0.70Ig
Uncracked 0.70Ig
Walls
Cracked 0.35Ig 1.0Ag
Beams 0.35Ig
Flat plates and flat slabs 0.25Ig

Table 6.6.3.1.1(b)—Alternative moments of inertia

for elastic analysis at factored load
Alternative value of I for elastic analysis
Member Minimum I Maximum

Columns  Ast   Mu Pu 
0.35Ig  0.80 + 25 A   1 − P h − 0.5 P  0.875Ig
and walls  g   u o 

Beams,
flat plates,  bw 
0.25Ig (0.10 + 25ρ)  1.2 − 0.2  Ig 0.5Ig
and flat  d
slabs
Notes: For continuous flexural members, I shall be permitted to be taken as the average
of values obtained for the critical positive and negative moment sections. Pu and Mu
shall be calculated from the load combination under consideration, or the combination
of Pu and Mu that produces the least value of I.