Literature Review

S.no Title Authors Journals Content Material Method Application Limitation

1. Improving the Dipen Kumar Elsevier In this paper, the study Glass fibre, Carbon Hand Lay-Up Method. The The present Improvement in
tensile and Rajak, Pratiksha concentrates on the fibre, Epoxy Resin, discharge gel is sprayed onto the research work physical properties
flexural H. Wagh, flexural and tensile and Cobalt surface of the mould to avoid mixed investigated the such as tensile and
properties of Hassan characteristics of the adhesives on the surface. The first performance of flexural strength will
reinforced epoxy Moustabchir, cobalt filler and fiber- layer of composite material was applications of maximize the
composites by Catalin I. reinforced epoxy applied and then a sheet of E-glass / epoxy-based application area
using cobalt filled Pruncu composites.GF tensile and carbon fibre was placed over it. The composite related to polymer
and carbon/glass flexural strength were same process was repeated for all Application Area composite, where
fiber. available at approximately remaining sheets until the mould Related To Polymer strength and flexural
96.9 MPa and 120 MPa, was filled. The prepared mould was Composite characteristics are
tensile and flexural kept in the oven at 75 ◦C for 4 h mainly required for
strength of the reinforced and the mould was further cured in automobiles (frames).
CF was combined found in atmospheric condition for 24 h. The Compared to other
194.82 MPa and 393.34 specimens were removed and materials used in
MPa. prepared for tensile and flexural automobiles, novel-
testing according to ASTM. made materials
provide good strength
as well as reduce
weight.
2. Use of sand Juan Pablo Research Gate Glass fibre-reinforced Sand granulometry, Applications of The experimental
coating to Morales Arias, polymer bars are currently Coarse Aggregate, FRP composites program aimed to
improve bonding Analı´a used to reinforce concrete Epoxy Rod. include investigate the
between GFRP Vazquez and in an attempt to overcome rehabilitation possibility of using
bars and concrete. Mariano M the corrosion issue projects, including GFRP rods to
Escobar encountered with ordinary column strengthen concrete
steel. Experimental results strengthening, structural members.
show that using bars 2,3 seismic
coated with coarse sand retrofitting,4,5
notably improve the bond repair of corrosion
strength. The influence of damaged
granulometry sand, rebar columns,6,7 as well
diameter, length as improvements in
embedded, and concrete strength and
strength are analysed. stiffness of
Rebars coated with finer deteriorated
sand lead to a stronger structures by the
chemical adhesion with use of CFRP
concrete. The tensile composites.8–10
strength and Young’s Also, FRP
modulus were determined composites
according to ASTM 3916, can be used as
obtaining 770MPa and internal
44.5 GPa for 9mm bars reinforcements for
and 680MPa and 41.4 GPa concrete
for 16mm bars, bridge decks.

3. Thermal and Yasmine N. Research Gate In this paper, Nano Pristine Fe3O4 NPs Functionalization with PDA: 1.Maximum von-
mechanical Baghdadi, Lucia Particles are often added and the modifying To coat the Fe3O4 NPs with a layer Mises stress for E-
properties of Youssef, Kamal to graphene oxide (or) agents, (3- of PDA a solution oxidation Glass/Epoxy and Al-
epoxy resin H. Bouhadir, Glass Fibers Incorporation Glycidoxypropyl) method was used where 25 mg of 2
reinforced with Mohammad of Fe3O4 can lead to trimethoxysilane Fe3O4 particles were dispersed in CNTs composite
modified iron Harb. Improvement in thermal (GPTMS), (3- 200 ml phosphate buffer solution should be higher than
oxide stability and tensile Aminopropyl) with a pH of 8.5. sonicated for 5 that of forged
nanoparticles. strength. In this study, triethoxysilane min after which 2.5 mg of 3- steel and powder
pristine Fe3O4 NPs were (APTES), and 3- hydroxytyramine hydrochloride metal. 2.Connecting
functionalized with hydroxytyramine was added. Magnetically separated rod made from Al-
polydopamine (PDA), (3- hydrochloride, and washed repeatedly MWCNTs will have
glycidoxypropyl) as well as toluene, by centrifugation at 4000 rpm using less weight than that
trimethoxysilane isopropanol, and deionized water. The sample was of E-Glass/Epoxy.
(GPTMS), and (3- citric acid dried in a vacuum at 50°C for 17 h.
aminopropyl) Functionalization with GPTMS: A
trimethoxysilane 20 ml of distilled water was added
(APTES). to 100 mg of iron oxide. Then, 1 g
of citric acid was dissolved in 10 ml
distilled water and was added to the
above solution and stirred for 2 h.
the solution was sonicated for
5 min to obtain a stable suspension.
On the other hand, a
pre-hydrolysed GPTMS solution
was prepared by adding a
10 ml mixture of water and
isopropanol (1:2) to 107 mg of
GPTMS with stirring for 1 h.
Functionalization with APTES:
A 500 mg of Fe3O4 NPs were
dispersed in 50 ml dry toluene
by sonication for 10 min. Then, 473
mg of APTES was added dropwise
to the suspension and the mixture
was refluxed at 110_C overnight.
The NPs were recovered using a
magnet and washed five times with
acetone to
remove all traces of unreacted
silanes. Then, the NPs were dried
under vacuum for 16h at 50°C
4. Modeling & Pawar P. N. , International The main purpose of this E – Glass Fibre, E-glass/Epoxy and Aluminium Present the 1.Maximum von-
Analysis of Pawar R.S. , Research paper is to present the idea Epoxy, MWCNT composite reinforced with Carbon Idea of designing Mises stress for E-
Connecting Rod Pawar R. , Journal of of designing connecting (Multi Walled nano tubes. Modelling and connecting rod with Glass/Epoxy and Al-
of Composite Jadhav S.S., Engineering rod with minimum cost as Carbon Nanotubes) comparative analysis of connecting minimum cost as 2
material using E- Mr.Deshpande and well as by using different and Aluminium. rod is carried out in commercially well as By using CNTs composite
Glass, Epoxy. G. G., Mr. Technology materials such as E-Glass, used FEM software ANSYS different materials should be higher than
Gunjegaonkar (IRJET) Epoxy. In general, forged Workbench. Static structural such as e-glass, that of forged
V.P. steel has a wild scope of analysis will do by fixing the piston epoxy, MWCNT steel and powder
application for end and applying load at the crank and aluminium. metal. 2.Connecting
manufacturing of end of the connecting rod. rod made from Al-
connecting rod. The MWCNTs will have
overall result of this less weight than that
project is to provide an of E-Glass/Epoxy.
alternative for existing
material.

5. Comparative Lei Wang, MDPI In this study, a ordinary Portland The test beam was made of four Coral concrete has 1.The flexural
Study of Steel- Jiwang comparative study of cement, coral sand, different types of bars, and two test been widely used in capacity of the test
FRP, FRP and Zhang,Changshi carbon fiber reinforced artificial seawater, beams were made of each bar. marine engineering. beam was obviously
Steel-Reinforced Huang and Feng polymer (CFRP) bar and water reducing The dimension size of the beams It can also solve the different , while the
Coral Concrete Fu steel–carbon fiber agent was 120 mmX250 mmX2400 mm, problem of material bearing capacity of
Beams in Their composite bar (SCFCB) the thickness of the concrete cover shortage in ocean the SCFCB test beam
Flexural reinforced coral concrete was 25 mm, the diameter of the engineering was higher than the
Performance beams was made through a longitudinal rebars were 14 mm, the other two. At failure,
 series of experimental tests upper longitudinal reinforcement SCFCB beam
and theoretical analyses. and the stirrups were CFRP rebars achieved 70% to 85%
The results show that with a diameter of 6 mm. The strain of its ultimate
under the same conditions gauge was used for strain strength, but CFRP
of reinforcement ratios, measurement. beams only achieved
the SCFCB-reinforced less than 50%.
beams exhibit better 2. SCFCB coral
performance than concrete beams has
CFRP-reinforced beams, good ductility, but the
and stiffness is slightly flexural stiffness was
lower than that of steel- lower than that of
reinforced beams. ordinary steel-
reinforced beams and
higher than that of
CFRP bars reinforced
beams.
6. Review of Epoxy Miss. Pooja V. International In this Paper ,The main The main objective The presence of an
Coated Steel on Kalyani, Dr. Research objective of this study was of this study was to effective confinement
Bond Strength of Nandkumar K. Journal of to study the bond strength study the bond prevented the
Concrete Patil Engineering of epoxy coated strength of epoxy formation of splitting
and reinforcement and coated cracks and high peak
Technology equivalent uncoated bars. reinforcement and values of bond stress
(IRJET) The effectiveness of bond equivalent uncoated were achieved. In
strength between bars. other cases a marked
reinforcing steel and The effectiveness of deterioration of the
concrete is the most bond strength concrete cover and
important requirement of between reinforcing considerable levels of
reinforced concrete as steel and concrete is longitudinal bar
composite building the most important corrosion caused a
material. The Present requirement of sudden loss of bond
investigation, bond reinforced concrete strength and
strength of the epoxy as composite premature bond
coated grey color, green building material. failure.
color and uncoated steel
bar with concrete was
studied.

7. Protection of The HuuNguyen Hindawi After 56 days of Portland Cement, Epoxy Nanocomposite Coating
Steel Rebar in and Tuan Anh immersion, the nano- fine aggregate, Preparation: In this study, epoxy
Salt- Nguye Fe2O3 reduced the epoxy resin, Nano- nanocomposites are prepared by
Contaminated corrosion current of SiO2 and nano- dispersing nanoparticles into the
Cement Mortar epoxy-coated rebar by a Fe2O3 epoxy matrix with acetone as
Using Epoxy factor of 7.9.When the solvent and with the aid of
Nanocomposite chloride concentration in sonication. Before mixing,
Coatings the cement mortar was 0.5 both the resin and its hardener were
wt.%, the incorporation of diluted separately by acetone with a
nanoparticles into the 1:1 weight ratio. Nanoparticles,
epoxy matrix did not which account for 1 wt.% of the
enhance the corrosion total weight of resin and hardener,
resistance of epoxy were added to the resin-acetone
coating for the rebar. At solution, followed by stirring and
this critical level, chloride sonication for 15 min.
ions initiated rebar Electrochemical Characterization
corrosion through of Rebar in Cement Mortar: the
nanoparticles at the ratio of “cement : sand :
epoxy/rebar interface. water :chloride” by weight was “1 :
1.75 : 0.45 : 0.003 and 0.005.”
After mixing, the fresh mixture was
poured into the polypropylene
plastic moulds to form Φ 100mm ×
50mm cylindrical samples. The
steel reinforced cement mortar
specimens were demoulded after 24
h and then cured in a wet chamber
(relative humidity in excess of 95%,
temperature of 25∘C) for 28 days,
before being subjected to the
electrochemical tests.
8. Improving tensile Sushil Kumar Materials This study compares the
and flexural Singh, tensile and flexural
properties of Abhishek properties of SiO2/epoxy
SiO2-epoxy Kumar, polymer nanocomposites.
polymer Anuj Jain. Dispersion of
nanocomposite SiO2 nanoparticles in the
epoxy polymer was
achieved by
ultrasonication.
SiO2/epoxy
nanocomposites contain
varying amount of nano
size silicon dioxide (SiO2)
up to 8 wt.%. The tensile
test and three-point
bending flexural test were
performed to obtain the
tensile strength and the
flexural properties of
nanocomposites
respectively. The
investigated properties of
SiO2/epoxy
nanocomposites increases
with the increasing
nanoparticles dispersion
up to 4 wt.%
SiO2 nanoparticles and
deterioration in the
mechanical properties is
realized above 4 wt.%.
The tensile strength
increases by 30.57 %,
flexural strength by 17 %
and flexural modulus by
76 % for 4 wt. %
dispersion of SiO2.
9. Study on tensile V. Pavalan, International Basalt fibre reinforced standard epoxy The tensile specimens were Recently, the use of The ultimate tensile
behaviour of I.Thauth Journal of polymer bars have resin (AW-106), prepared according to the basaltfibre strength of the BFRP
basalt fibre Himana and Advanced emerged as a promising hardener (HV-953 Provisions of ASTM D7205/D. The reinforced polymer bars was 3 times
reinforced Sivagamasundai Technology alternative construction IN), steel tubes, total length of the tensile specimen (BFRP) bars have higher than that of
polymer bars and material for replacing steel plugs and was 1000mm and the free length increased in conventional steel
Engineering conventional steel bars as PVC caps, was 400mm. A 300mm- long steel structural bars, and the modulus
Exploration reinforcement in concrete basalt fibre tube anchor with an outside engineering of elasticity was
structures. However, a diameter of 25.4mm and thickness applications due to about 1/4 of the
broad research is needed of 3mm was used. Steel Plugs and their low cost conventional steel
to assess the tensile PVC caps drilled on their centre compared to other bars.
behaviour of basalt fibre slightly larger than the bar diameter type of FRPs such
reinforced polymer were used to close at both ends of as Glass, Carbon
(BFRP) bars. This paper steel tubes and to insert the bar at and Aramid
presents an experimental the centre of the steel tube. The Moreover, the
study on the tensile BFRP bars fixed in the steel tubes basalt FRP bars
properties of sand-coated were placed vertically in a wooden have outstanding
BFRP bars of 10mm and frame for proper alignment. Then chemical stability
12mm diameters. The the steel tube was filled with and excellent
 experimental results mixture of epoxy resin and resistance to high
revealed that BFRP bars hardener. After 24 hours, the first temperature than
have high tensile strength anchor was flipped to cast other glass FRP bars
than conventional steel anchor. The specimen was cured at
bars but exhibit linear 7 days in typical indoor laboratory
stress-strain relationship conditions.
up to failure. Moreover,
the modulus of elasticity
of BFRP bars is
significantly lower than
that of conventional steel
bars.
10. Mechanical Reyam sabah, International Mechanical properties of Nylon 66 nanofiber, Preparation of electrospinning The aim of this 1- Electrospinning
Properties of Zuhair Jabbar, Journal of the polyamide 66 epoxy resin, solution project to technique leads to
Nanocomposites Hanaa Jawad Engineering & nanofibers / epoxy Nano-alumina. 1- (3 g) of nylon 66 powder manufacturing produce nanofibers
Reinforced by Technology nanocomposite, involved dissolved in (17 ml) of formic acid nanocomposite with 94.34 nm with
Polyamide 66 (tensile strength, impact for obtaining on 15 % wt., then, nanofibers material smooth morphology.
Nanofibers strength, and hardiness) were mixed by magnetic stirrer with high strength 2-Adding of nylon66
were tested. Four samples tools for 3 hr. Then leave out for 1 and high toughness nanofibers lead to
of nanocomposites were hr. to remove all bubbles by for many enhancement of the
prepared involved (pure vacuum. 2- Different ratios of nano applications such as mechanical properties
epoxy, epoxy with pure alumina involve (2% and 3%)wt.% shield and fenders of the sample
polyamide nanofibers, was added to the solution for in the military and especially impact
epoxy with (nanofibers + preparing nanocomposite civil application. strength.
0.02 wt.% Alumina nanofibers. 3-Adding of nylon66
nanoparticles ), and epoxy Electrospinning set up: nanofibers
with (nanofibers + 0.03 Preparing a typical system of reinforcement
wt.% Alumina electrospinning include holding the alumina nanoparticles
nanoparticles). Nanofibers liquid in the medical syringe lead to more
of nylon66 prepared by equipped with a metallic needle of enhancement of
electrospinning technique thin diameter. This syringe to be impact strength and
by dissolve (3g) of connected to a syringe pump for the the optimum sample
nylon66 in (17 ml) of purpose of regulating the fluid is (4 sample).
formic acid. Nanofiber pumping during the electrospinning
mixed with epoxy resin by process, usually to the positive
(0.03) wt.%. Results show electrode (anode) of HVPS
there are an enhancement connected to the metallic needle
of mechanical properties while the negative electrode
of nanofibers (cathode) linked to the metal target
nanocomposites, which which in turn linked to the ground.
prepared especially impact Nylon66 nanofiber/ Epoxy resin
strength. On the other nanocomposite preparation: A
hand, the addition of mould of the sheet is prepared of
alumina nanoparticles dimensions of 200 * 150 *3 mm3.
leads to more The inner surface of the mould was
enhancement of impact wrapped with a cover in order to
strength of ensure the easy removal of the
nanocomposites. composite from the mould surface,
so that good surface finish can be
achieved. Reinforcement in the
form of nylon66nanofiber mat was
cut in the overall of the mould.
Thermosetting polymer epoxy resin
was mixed with hardener. Half of
this mixture (epoxy and hardener)
put in the mould. Then, put the
sheet of nanofiber over this and set
up the other half(epoxy and
hardener) quickly. After deposition
of thin layers, left it for the curing
at room temperature for 24 hours.