Chapter 2

Review of Review o Related Literature and Studies

INTRODUCTION
The year 2020 has been a remarkable period when the Philippines has on the peak
of struggle as the Covid-19 virus continues to find its way to disrupt the economy,
health, culture, and education in the country. The increasing number of infected people
and the threat of the new strains of the coronavirus has forced the government to still
ban the face-to-face classes. As a result, Modular Distance Learning becomes the
widely used modality in consideration to the learners in areas where the internet is
inaccessible for online learning.

This chapter includes the review of foreign and local literature followed by the studies
collected online that will help the researcher to familiarize informations that are relevant
to the present study as well as our conclusion with regards to our research review.

Foreign Literature

According to Fuegen (2012), Traditional theories of learning, in both traditional and

distance settings, are relevant and applicable to mobile learning, and that mobile
devices can be brought thoughtfully into pedagogy at the distance level. Flexibility,
portability, and accessibility contribute to an overall positive impression on students,
while faculty concerns can be met with appropriate training and tailoring to the various
teaching and learning styles present in distance education. Student and faculty
expectations of a mobile-integrated distance education experience will continue to grow,
while teaching and learning should thrive in this increasingly more connected
environment.
One of the significant characteristics of flexible learning is moving beyond the borders of
formal education, hence, helping students to gain practical knowledge, execute
theoretical concepts transform conventional learning to open learning (Li, 2018; Ryan &
Tilbury, 2013).
However, according to Aristeidou (2021) Despite a growing body of work on
understanding how students perceived the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, the
effects on existing distance learning universities have received less attention. This study
aimed to understand changes in distance learning students’ study habits (learning,
assessment and social activities) and assess the factors associated with negative
impacts.

Local Literature
According to Llego(2020), Modular distance learning is learners’ learning at their own
pace, in their own way and using self-learning modules or (SLMs). It can be
printed/digitized format/electronic copy that is appropriate to learners, and other learning
resources like learners’ material, textbook, activity sheets, study guides and other
learning materials. Learners can access electronic copies of learning materials on a
computer, tablet PC, or smartphone. CDs, DVDs, USB storage and computer-based
application can be used to deliver e-learning materials, including offline E-books. The
teacher takes responsibility for monitoring the progress of learners. While the learners
may ask help from the teacher via email, telephone, text/messaging/instant messaging,
etc. Teachers shall do home visits to learners if the learners need remediation or
assistance in his/her module. Any member of the family or other stakeholders in that
community can aid.
However, using modules has its advantages and disadvantages. According to (Nardo,
M.T.B, 2017), the use of modules advocates self-directed learning. Using modules for
learning leads to better self-study or learning skills among students. The concepts
presented in the modules engross students in learning. The tasks provided develop a
sense of responsibility among students and they progressed on their own. They learn to
learn; they are empowered. In addition, the students participate in real experiences.
They discover new things, and they experience their knowledge on their own. Students
learn to reflect on their own experiences, thus developing new skills, learning through
modular direct students to be in charge of their own learning.

Foreign Studies

An online survey collected information on demographics, study-related information,

Covid-19 personal circumstances and changes in study habits from 555 undergraduate
students at The Open University, UK. Of the study population, an average of 36%
reported negative impacts on their study activities and 15% positive impacts. Logistic
regression analysis (n = 269) demonstrated that negative impacts on study habits
overall were associated with difficulties in managing workload and limited interaction
with other students. Other factors, such as socioeconomic background, study level,
limited interaction with tutors, age, personal health, employment issues, and childcare
and caring responsibilities, relate to particular study habits. Aristeidou (2021)

Local Studies

Based on the Learner Enrollment and Survey Forms, it reveals that the alternative
learning modalities offered by the DepEd, 7.2 million students enrollees preferred to use
“modular” distance learning, TV and Radio based instruction and other modalities while
2 million enrollees preferred online learning modality, Malipot (2020).

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Noting the results of the studies conducted by previous researchers, they have
determined the effectiveness and shortcomings of modular distance learning. The
following are the sum-up of the effects of MDL on students. First, it fulfills the different
needs of learning students. Second, students learn at their own pace. Lastly, the
modularization promoted positive changes in teaching lifestyle.
However, some studies have shown the negative impact of MDL. Too many
activities incorporated in modules, less interactions of the teachers and the learners.
Parents had claimed that time allotment to finish the learning task and educational
attainment of parents were the reasons for their hard time as facilitators to their children.
This literature review article will serve as future resources for another related
research. Others may conduct additional studies to elaborate on the effectiveness of
MDL in the academic performance of the students.

References

The Impact of Mobile Technologies on Distance Education

https://www.researchgate.net › ... › Mobile Technology

Disrupted distance learning: the impact of Covid-19 on

study ...https://www.tandfonline.com › ... ›
EFFECT OF MODULAR LEARNING APPROACH ON
THE ...https://www.globalscientificjournal.com ›

The Implementation of Modular Distance Learning in

the ...https://www.dpublication.com › uploads › 
Malipot, M. (2020, September 15). DepEd says transfer of students from private to
public schools negligible. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from
https://mb.com.ph/2020/09/15/deped-saystransfer-of-students-from-private-to-
publicschools-negligible/