Philips PL-T 2 and 4 pin lamps and gear

Information for
Product Information Original Equipment
Manufacturers

PL-T 2 pin 18W, 26W

PL-T 4 pin 18W, 26W, 32W, 42W
 Technical information for
European market
To the reader

Philips PL-T lamps are energy-saving compact fluorescent lamps

that offer high light output and long lamp life.
This Product Information brochure provides you with technical
data concerning the lamp, the required ballast and lampholder and
some more general data.
New information concerns the following subjects:
• Information for design of electronic ballasts regarding
preheating the cathodes is extended with voltage-controlled
data.This data is also given in terms of the required energy.
• For dimming operation, included are lamp characteristics like
lamp voltage, lamp power and luminous flux vs. current.
• The description of the required additional electrode heating
during dimming operation has been revised.

This publication is intended for use by Original Equipment

Manufacturers of luminaires and ballasts, specifiers and other
parties in the lighting industry.

For your local Philips representative consult the internet site

http://www.eur.lighting.philips.com/contacts/contacts.shmtl

Please give your feedback, questions and remarks to

the Customer Service Desk, Product Management, Philips Lighting,
P.O. Box 1109, 4700 BC Roosendaal, the Netherlands.
Tel. +31 165 577 566 Fax +31 165 577 760.
With that input the content of the next brochure can be further
improved.

Philips Lighting B.V. reserves the right

to change data without prior notification.
April 1999. Copyright Philips Lighting B.V.
All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited
without prior permission.
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Contents

1. General information on 5. Control gear for PL-T lamps

Philips PL-T lamps
1.1 Introduction................................................................................2
1.2 Lamp technology .......................................................................2
1.3 Nomenclature ............................................................................2
2. Luminaire design
2.1 Introduction................................................................................3
2.2 IEC recommendations .............................................................3
2.3 Maximum operating temperatures .......................................3
2.3.1 Lamp.................................................................................3
2.3.2 Maximum temperature of the system .....................3
2.4 Influences of ambient temperatures.....................................4
2.5 Lampholder and lamp cap.......................................................4
2.6 Guidelines to comply with standards...................................5
2.6.1 CE marking .....................................................................5
2.6.2 PET value.........................................................................5
2.6.3 Explosion risk.................................................................5
2.6.4 Damage factor ...............................................................5
2.7 Lamp blackening ........................................................................5
2.8 Optical design ............................................................................5
2.8.1 Optimal lamp position .................................................5
2.8.2 Reference lamp measurement position ...................5
2.8.3 Luminance .......................................................................5
5.1 Introduction .............................................................................12
5.2 Control units (conventional)..................................................12
5.2.1 Technical data at single lamp operation ................12
5.3 Control units (electronic).....................................................13
5.3.1 Starting conditions......................................................13
5.3.1.1 Electrode preheating ................................................13
5.3.1.2 Lamp ignition ..............................................................14
5.4 Dimming....................................................................................15
5.4.1 Electrical properties of the discharge....................15
5.4.2 Conditions for proper operation of
the electrodes..............................................................15
5.4.3 Emergency lighting......................................................16
6. Definitions ..............................................................................17
Annex 1: Lamp characteristics at dimming operation
Electronic operation.......................................................18
Annex 2: Technical data on PL-T circuits
2.1 Conventional operation (Single)...........................20
2.2 Conventional operation (Duo) .............................21
2.3 Electronic operation (HF-PERFORMER)............22
2.4 Electronic operation (HF-REGULATOR) ...........23

3. PL-T specifications
3.1 Range ...........................................................................................6
3.2 Mechanical characteristics.......................................................6
3.3 Electrical and photometric characteristics..........................7
3.3.1 Luminous intensity distribution .................................7
3.3.2 Spectral power distribution........................................8
3.3.3 Colour characteristics .................................................8

4. Lamp operation
4.1 Starting characteristics.............................................................8
4.1.1 Conventional operation...............................................8
4.1.2 Electronic operation.....................................................9
4.2 Lifetime performance...............................................................9
4.3 End-of-life behaviour and associated risks........................10
4.4 Temperature dependency .....................................................11

1
1. General information on Philips PL-T lamps
1.1 Introduction
The PL-T range of compact fluorescent lamps is available in 18, 26,
32 and 42 watt versions.These lamps have become a popular OEM
choice, particularly for downlighter luminaires, offering compact size
in a range of lumen packages and light colours.
The PL-T lamp makes use of a revolutionary concept, amalgam-
controlled mercury pressure, that gives the lamp an excellent
independence from ambient temperature and makes compact high-
lumen lamps possible.
Features and benefits of PL-T lamps
PL-T lamps are a new generation of compact
fluorescent lamps for indoor and outdoor
applications.
The lamps have the following characteristics:
• PL-T combines small size with a high level of perfor-
mance, permitting the creation of even more compact
downlighters.
• Higher luminous efficacy of the system. Downlighters
which previously had to be fitted with two compact
fluorescent lamps can now achieve higher luminous
efficacy with just one PL-T, allowing them to be reduced
in size.
• Due to its high lumen output PL-T is highly suitable for
professional applications like in offices, department stores
and shops.
• Amalgam technology gives sustained light output over a
broader temperature range making it suitable for out-
door as well as for compact indoor applications.
1.2 Lamp technology
CFL lamps are low-pressure mercury gas-discharge lamps, which
operate by the same principle as ‘TL’ lamps.The discharge tube has
an electrode sealed into each end and is filled with inert gas and a
Electrode
Electron
Fluorescent powder
Ultraviolet radiation
Mercury atom
Visible radiation
Figure 1.1: Working principle of a PL-T lamp
2
little mercury at a low vapour pressure.
The inside of the tube is coated with fluorescent powders which
convert the UV radiation of the mercury discharge into light
(visible radiation).
The goal in CFL lamp design is to make an efficient lamp over a
broad ambient temperature range.
The total amount of light that comes out of a lamp is influenced by
the mercury pressure in the lamp. Controlling the mercury is
therefore one of the major keys in CFL lamp design. Mercury
pressure is influenced by the ambient temperature of the lamp, and
consequently the mercury control concept should make this
dependency as minimum as possible for a broad temperature range.
Philips achieved the broad temperature range in PL-T lamps
through use of a revolutionary mercury control concept, amalgam.
Amalgam ensures a near-constant mercury pressure over a wide
temperature range, by ‘releasing’ and ‘eating’ the mercury at diffe-
rent temperatures.
With an amalgam the temperature range, within which the lumi-
nous flux is more than 90% of the optimal flux, is significantly
broader compared to non-amalgam solutions.
Another advantage of the amalgam concept is the compact shape
of the PL-T lamp. Because amalgam makes cold spots superfluous,
the discharge tubes can be bent, achieving an optimal, compact
shape.
Recommendations for measurements of amalgam
lamps
• PL-T lamps should be aged for >4 hours at Vertical Base Up
(VBU) burning position in stable air at an ambient temperature
of 25 °C.The reason for this is stabilization of the light output.
Due to the introduction of another amalgam dosing technology it
is no longer necessary to age the lamps for 100 hours in order to
reach stability.
• Before the lamp is transported, e.g. from one luminaire to
another, it has to cool down for at least 20 minutes.
• Every time the lamp starts burning it has to be stabilized by
burning it for at least 4 hours. Stabilization has to be repeated
when burning conditions change.
1.3 Nomenclature
The name of the lamp family is:
Compact Fluorescent Lamps - Non Integrated
The technical name of the product is:
PL-T
Example:
PL-T 42W /830 /4p: PL-T lamp
42Watt
/830: Ra > 80, Tc of 3000 K
/4-pins
2. Luminaire design

2.1 Introduction The lamp cap temperature shall be measured at the hottest point
on the cap surface at a distance of 15 mm from the reference plane
In this chapter, recommendations and values are given to enable an of the cap.
optimal luminaire design.

2.2 IEC Recommendations

The general recommendations for luminaire design by IEC are also
applicable to PL-T luminaires. Lamp-related data can be found in
IEC 60901 and 61199.
C 15 mm
reference plane
2.3 Maximum operating temperatures
2.3.1 Lamp

Luminaires for PL-T lamps must satisfy the general requirements

for luminaires as will be specified by the IEC Publication 60598 and
comply with local standards organizations.
Additionally, the lamp temperature at the points defined in figure Figure 2.1: Temperature measuring points
2.1 must not exceed certain limits.

The guide-post temperature (2-pin lamps)

The temperatures at the measuring points may be critical under a
To protect the components built into the cap, the guide-post combination of the following circumstances:
temperature (measuring point C) should not exceed 90 °C under – totally enclosed luminaire with built-in ballast
the following test conditions: – lamp in base-up position
– ambient temperature outside luminaire: 25 °C ± 1 °C. – multi-lamp luminaires
– draught-free air – over-voltage situation
– test voltage 1.06 x rated voltage – high ambient temperature.
– lamp with nominal characteristics
– luminaire mounted under service conditions, i.e. wall luminaires
against the wall, ceiling luminaires against the ceiling, etc. 2.3.2 Maximum temperature of the system

For the four-pin lamps the guide-post temperature is not an issue, The luminaire in which one or more PL-T lamps are used should
because there are no components inside. satisfy the temperature requirements for each lamp. Putting two or
more lamps close to each other can result in very high tempera-
The lamp cap temperature (2-pin and 4-pin lamps) tures inside the luminaire.

The highest lamp cap temperatures are generally reached in the Because of the amalgam concept, light output is not necessarily
end-of-life situation, when the lamp no longer starts and maximum affected by the high temperatures, but care must be taken that
energy is dissipated near the lamp cap.To protect the lamp cap critical temperatures for lamp components (e.g. lamp cap) are
construction the lamp cap temperature should not exceed 140 °C not exceeded.
under abnormal operating conditions.
Luminaires should be using the intended lamp with the starter
short-circuited, i.e. the cathodes operated in series. See IEC
Publication 61199.
Compliance is checked in accordance with the relevant test
specified in 12.5.1 of IEC Publication 60598-1.

3
2.4 Influences of ambient temperatures
PL-T lamps offer an excellent independence from ambient tempera-
ture, because of the amalgam concept.The light output is influenced
by the temperature of the air near the lamp, the operating tempe-
rature. For a bare lamp this operating temperature is equal to the
ambient temperature, in contrast to a lamp inside a luminaire. In
this situation, the operating temperature will be D T higher due to
the insulating effect of the luminaire and the heat of the burning
lamp.
Because the light output is determined by the operating tempera-
ture, but scored against the ambient temperature, the curve of a
PL-T lamp mounted in a luminaire can easily be constructed out of
the curve of a bare PL-T lamp, by shifting this curve D T degrees,
see figure 2.2.
Relative luminous flux in %
This means:
– at low ambient temperatures (< -10 °C) it is advisable to use
totally closed luminaires
– at high ambient temperatures (> 40 °C) adequate luminaire
ventilation is needed
2.5 Lampholder and lamp cap
Lampholders and wiring for PL-T lamps should be the 500 V rated
versions.
PL-T lamps are fitted with a bi-pin cap, type GX24d-.. or with a
four-pin cap, type GX24q-.. , see figure 2.4.
Lampholders to suit this cap are available from a number of manu-
facturers. Lampholders for PL-T lamps are the same as those for
PL-C lamps, except for GX24q-4.
Since lampholders may be expected to take several lamps during

140 their life, a good quality holder is essential to ensure a reliable

DT electrical performance after years of service.
In principle, all requirements relating to type GX24d-.. and
100 GX24q-.. lampholders are summarized in IEC Publications 60061
and 60400.The following are some notes on the background to the
special requirements relating to the G24d and G24q in IEC
60 Publication 60400:
– The material must be chosen so that the lampholder shall
comply with the requirements of IEC Publication 60400.
20 – PL-T lamps require no lamp-end support.
-10 10 30 50 70
Ambient temperature in ¡C (in draught-free air) PL-T18W/2p PL-T26W/2p

Figure 2.2

The design of the luminaire and the way the PL-T is mounted
inside will influence D T.This gives the opportunity to design lumi-
naires for different ambient temperature ranges (see figure 2.3). GX24d-2 GX24d-3

D T is the difference between the temperature inside and outside

the luminaire.
Relative luminous flux in %

140

100
PL-T18W/4p PL-T26W/4p PL-T32W/4p PL-T42W/4p

60

20
GX24q-2 GX24q-3 GX24q-3 GX24q-4
-10 10 30 50 70
Ambient temperature in ¡C (in draught-free air)

Figure 2.3
Note: It should be understood that average values are shown
for indication; fluctuations are possible.
Figure 2.4 Lamp caps

4
2.6 Guidelines to comply with standards
2.6.1 CE Marking
All Philips compact fluorescent non-integrated lamps (CFL-NI)
comply with the EU Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC).
2.6.2 PET value
Compact fluorescent lamps radiate a very low amount of UV.
The permitted exposure time (PET value) for Philips CFL-NI lamps
complies with the generally accepted value of 24 hours at 1000 lux.
2.6.3 Explosion risk
Compact fluorescent lamps are low-pressure mercury gas-discharge
lamps which operate at relatively cool temperatures.These lamps
are not subject to specific risks of explosion and should be
regarded in this respect as identical to the well-known ‘TL’ lamp.
2.6.4 Damage factor
Another effect of UV is the risk of colour fading of the illuminated
goods.This fading risk depends on:
- the materials used in the illuminated object
- the illumination level
- the emitted UV of a light source.
For PL-T lamps ’Dfc’ is generally no issue due to very low UV
radiation.
2.7 Lamp blackening
A certain amount of lamp blackening during lamp life is normal and
unavoidable.The blackening is caused by a thin layer of electrode
material deposited during life on the inner wall of the discharge
tube. However, accelerated blackening can occur when the gear
does not provide the right (pre)heating currents (either too low
or too high).
2.8 Optical design
The PL-T lamps can be used in luminaires of a variety of designs
both for indoor and outdoor applications.The choice of material,
shape and dimensions can help ensure optimum functioning of the
lamp (mechanically, thermally and photometrically).
Examples of possible luminaire types include down-lighters, wall-
lights, desk lamps, pendants, wallwashers and security lights.
2.8.1 Optimal lamp position
If a wide reflector is used for PL-T lamps the optical efficacy with a
vertically mounted PL-T can be as good as with a horizontally
mounted PL-T.
In case of horizontal lamp positioning the best optical efficacy will
be achieved when the hole (“tunnel”) between the three tubes is
placed vertical, see figure 2.5.
Vertical Horizontal
Figure 2.5 Lamp positioning
2.8.2 Reference lamp measurement position
PL-T lamps are marked with lamp information on 2 sides of the
lamp base.The lamp stamp markings can be used as guidance to
ensure correct horizontal mounting of the lamps, when performing
reference lamp measurements. In horizontal position, either one of
the two lamp stamps should face upwards.The one which points
upwards will depend on the required lamp orientation, e.g. lamp
with “tunnel” facing downwards or sideways. In practice, rotation of
the lamp position has negligible effect on lumen output, only of sig-
nificance for reference lamp measurements.
Stamp facing upwards
A B
Figure 2.6 Lamp measurement positioning
2.8.3 Luminance
The luminance of a PL-T lamp ranges from 2.5 - 5 x 104 cd/m2,
which is comparable to that of a frosted 100 W incandescent lamp.
Depending on the ambient brightness and the desired degree of
comfort, this luminance may have to be reduced to an acceptable
level, e.g. by:
• Selecting a sufficiently large shielding angle.
For ceiling mounted luminaires a shielding angle of at least
30° is recommended.
• Reducing the luminance by means of diffuser material.
Since an evenly distributed luminance is often desired, the
distance between the lamp and the diffuser must not be
too small.With strong diffusers such as opal sheet, a
distance of at least 20 mm is recommended; with
screenings which have less scattering effect the distance
should be increased proportionally.
5
3. PL-T specifications

3.1 Range Maximum lamp outlines according to

IEC Publication 60901 34A/842/CDV
The PL-T range consists of:
The maximum lamp outlines are provided for the guidance of
PL-T 2-pin lamps: designers of luminaires and are based on a maximum sized lamp
PL-T 18W taking into account any displacement and manufacturing tolerances.
PL-T 26W Observance of these outlines in luminaire design will ensure that
the lamps will fit. However, these outlines do not include the space
PL-T 4-pin lamps: needed for taking the lamp out of the holder.
PL-T 18W
PL-T 26W
PL-T 32W
57
PL-T 42W

3.2 Mechanical characteristics

41 max.

H
25
A

61
56
m

Type H
ax
.

max.
PL-T 18W 110.0
PL-T 26W 130.0
45 max.
PL-T 32W 145.0
PL-T 42W 155.0
Type A B C
max. max. max.
Figure 3.2: Maximum lamp outlines (in mm)
PL-T/2p 18W 77.0 102.0 124.0
PL-T/2p 26W 87.0 112.0 134.0
Lamp cap: GX24d (see IEC Publication 60061-1 sheet 7004-78)

Type A B C
max. max. max.
PL T/4p 18W 77.0 102.0 117.0
PL-T/4p 26W 87.0 112.0 127.0
PL-T/4p 32W 102.0 127.0 142.0
PL-T/4p 42W 119.0 144.0 159.0

Lamp cap: GX24q (see IEC Publication 60061-1 sheet 7004-78)

Figure 3.1: Dimensions PL-T (in mm)

6
3.3 Electrical and photometric 3.3.1 Luminous intensity distribution
characteristics
The normalized polar luminous intensity distribution of a PL-T
Data according to IEC Publication 60901. lamp is given in the following diagrams.

Conventional operation (cd/1000 lm) 180¡ 150¡

120¡
Measuring conditions: 240¡

• supply voltage: 220 V, 50 Hz

• ambient temperature: 25 °C
• burning position: base up, after 100 hours
90¡
• with a reference ballast
50
PL-T/2p Lamp Lamp Lamp Luminous Luminous
current voltage wattage flux efficacy 300¡ 100 60¡
mA V W lm lm/W
18 W 220 100 18 1200 67 150

26 W 325 105 26 1800 69 330¡ 0¡ 30¡ g (¡)

C=0 ¡ or C=180¡ C=90¡ or C= 270¡

Reference Voltage/current Calibration Power C=135¡ or C=315¡
ballast ratio current factor
data W mA Figure 3.3

18 W 800 220 0.12

26 W 540 315 0.10 (cd/1000 lm) 180¡ 150¡

240¡ 120¡
Electronic operation

Data according to IEC Publication 60901.

90¡
Measuring conditions:
• operating frequency: 25 kHz 50
• ambient temperature: 25 °C
300¡ 60¡
• burning position: base up, after 100 hours
100

PL-T/4p Lamp Lamp Lamp Luminous Luminous 330¡ 0¡ 30¡ C (¡)

current voltage wattage flux efficacy g =90¡
mA V W lm lm/W
18 W 210 80 16.5 1200 73 Figure 3.4
26 W 300 80 24 1800 75
32 W 320 101 32 2400 75
42 W 320 135 43 3200 74
¡
C=1 90
Operating 4-pin lamps on properly designed electronic gear has the C=
80¡ C=60¡
following main features compared to conventional operation:
• less system power consumption (approximately 20%) due g= C=30¡
180
¡
to higher lamp efficacy and lower ballast losses
0¡ C=0
¡
• longer median lamp life 27
C=
• flicker-free start
• no mains flicker during operation
• dimmable when using suitable electronic ballasts
g=
0¡

Figure 3.5: Definition of measurement planes

7
3.3.2 Spectral power distribution 3.3.3 Colour characteristics

The normalized spectral power distribution of a PL-T lamp is given General colour rendering index (Ra): 82
in the following diagrams. Correlated colour temperatures: 2700 K (/827)
3000 K (/830)
4000 K (/840)
PL /827 Ra = 82 Chromaticity coordinates (typical):
µW per 5 nm per lumen

500

400
/827 /830 /840

300 x 0.455 0.434 0.380

y 0.417 0.397 0.379
200

100

0
400 500 600 700
4. Lamp operation
Wavelength in nm
4.1 Starting characteristics
Figure 3.6: Spectral power distribution colour /827
4.1.1 Conventional operation
Starting characteristics for PL-T 2-pin lamps
PL /830 Ra = 82
• Ignition times for ambient temperatures between +5 °C
µW per 5 nm per lumen

500
and +50 °C: PL-T 18W and PL-T 26W ²5 s.
400 • For ignition times at lower ambient temperatures, see table
below.
300

200 Maximum ignition time in inductive circuits (in seconds)

100 All data measured on recommended Philips ballasts (see annex 2).
0
400 500 600 700
Wavelength in nm Nominal Nominal
supply voltage supply voltage -10%
Figure 3.7: Spectral power distribution colour /830 230 V 207 V
ambient
temp. (°C) 18 W 26 W 18W 26W
PL /840 Ra = 82
µW per 5 nm per lumen

500 -20 * * * *
400 -15 4 * * *
-10 2 * * *
300 -5 2 * * *
200
0 2 * 7 *
+5 2 9 6 *
100 10 2 5 5 *
15 2 5 3 5
0
400 500 600 700
Wavelength in nm
* Proper ignition not guaranteed
Figure 3.8: Spectral power distribution colour /840

Warning: Long ignition times have a negative influence on lamp

life.

8
Running-up time
Lumen maintenance
The table below gives the light output (expressed as a percentage
100

Lumen in %
of the specified value) measured after 100 hours at various time
intervals after ignition. 90

Running-up time at 25 °C for lamp-off times ³ 4 hours in any 80

burning position. 70
Typical values:
60 5 000 hrs: 81%
Time after ignition PL-T 10 000 hrs: 73%
2-pin/4-pin 50
0 4000 8000 12000 16000
% light
Operating hours
1 second 10
1 minute 65 Figure 4.2.3: PL-T on conventional gear
2 minutes 80
5 minutes 95
Lumen maintenance

100

Lumen in %
4.1.2 Electronic operation
90
The starting characteristics of PL-T lamps on electronic gear are
fully determined by the electronic ballast. For more information see 80
annex 2.3 and 2.4. 70
Typical values:
60 5 000 hrs: 86%
10 000 hrs: 79%
4.2 Lifetime performance 50
0 4000 8000 12000 16000
Operating hours
Life expectancy
Figure 4.2.4: PL-T on HF-gear
100
Survivals in %

90
Notes on life expectancy curves:
The curves give typical average values based on measurements
80 made by Philips Quality Department Lighting.
70 Large batches of lamps have been tested under laboratory
Typical values: conditions in accordance with IEC 60901.
60 5 000 hrs: 93%
10 000 hrs: n.a. In practice, the performance of individual lamps or groups of lamps
50 may vary from the average.
0 4000 8000 12000 16000
Operating hours
Lamps are tested in conjunction with commercially available control
gear (ballasts, starters, capacitors).
Figure 4.2.1: PL-T on conventional gear
The median lamp life is the expected time at which 50% of any
large number of lamps reach the end of their individual lives.
Life expectancy
Operating conditions
Actual operating conditions deviate in most cases from the applied
100
Survivals in %

test conditions.The most relevant factors are discussed in this

90 product documentation (temperature, mains voltage, switching
80
cycle and type of control gear).The differences can have a signifi-
cant influence on lamp performance.
70
Typical values:
60 5 000 hrs: 98%
10 000 hrs: 67% The median lamp life of PL-T lamps is negatively affected when the
50
0 4000 8000 12000 16000 switching frequency is higher than the IEC cycle (165 on, 15 off).
Operating hours The tables below give an indication of the relation between the
amount of switching and the lamp life.
Figure 4.2.2: PL-T on HF gear

9
PL-T 2-pin lamps operated on conventional ballast: 4.3 End-of-life behaviour and associated risks

Operating Median lamp Lamp life Switches The following four possible situations can be identified, and should
cycle time lamp life be taken into account by ballast designers:
min h nr.
1) The lamp does not start but both cathodes are intact.
690 on, 30 off 10000 125% 850 If, for whatever reason, the lamp does not start, the ballast may
continue to supply the preheating current to the cathodes.This
165 on, 15 off 8000 100% 2900
may cause overheating of the lamp cap. Ballast and luminaires
90 on, 15 off 6500 80% 4300 should take care of maximum preheating currents (see section
45 on, 15 off 5000 60% 6700 5.2.1) and maximum lamp cap temperature (see section 2.4.1)
to avoid this overheating.

PL-T 4-pin lamps operated on electronic gear (designed accor- 2) The lamp operates, but one of the cathodes is de-activated or
ding to the specifications in section 5.3): broken.
The normal end-of-life situation for fluorescent lamps is emitter
Operating Median lamp Lamp life Switches depletion of one of the cathodes. In most cases the discharge
cycle time lamp life will extinguish and the lamp will not start again, i.e. the above
min h nr. situation arises. However, if the ballast is capable of sustaining
the discharge, a new condition arises. Because of the absence of
emitter material the voltage drop at cathode will rise sharply,
690 on, 30 off 13000 120% 1140
resulting in an extra power dissipation. It is concentrated in a
165 on, 15 off 11000 100% 4000 very small region in front of the cathode and is highly asym-
90 on, 15 off 10000 90% 6600 metric. It only occurs in that half phase when the depleted elec-
45 on, 15 off 9500 85% 12500 trode has to act as cathode and emits electrons.The same
applies when the cathode breaks and a lead wire acts as
cathode.
Note: Lifetime figures depend on ballast type. In practice lifetimes can
deviate. Especially under HF conditions the discharge is easier main-
tained, because no high re-ignition voltages occur as for
50/60 Hz.The extra power in the cathode fall region may lead
again to strong overheating of the cap and its surroundings, i.e.
the glass and the lampholder. So the ballast should limit the sum
of the power in the cathode fall to a safe level, or switch-off.

3) The lamp operates, but with both cathodes deactivated or

broken.
In the above case of rectification, the ballast does not have to
switch off, but might limit the power in the cathode region, for
instance by sensing the asymmetric in the voltage.The lamp then
continues to operate. After some time also the emitter of the
other cathode will become depleted. Now on both sides an
increased cathode fall is present.The situation is symmetric
again, with a higher lamp voltage. If the ballast senses asymme-
tric only and does not switch-off, it may return to ‘normal’
operation, with extra local power dissipation in both cathode
falls. Again this will lead to overheating of the cathode regions.
So the ballast should switch off at too high values of the lamp
voltage.

4) The lamp operates, but with a strongly increased lamp voltage.

The lamp voltage may also increase by slow leak-in of impurities.
If the ballast is capable of sustaining the discharge, with for
instance a constant current, the lamp wattage will increase sym-
metrically together with the voltage.This higher lamp power is
not localized as above, but may still lead to overheating of the
lamp and parts of the system. So the ballast should switch off at
too high values of the lamp voltage, or limit the power it can
deliver to the lamp.

10
4.4 Temperature dependency

PL-T lamps offer an excellent independence from ambient tempera-

ture, because of the amalgam concept.With an amalgam the
temperature range within which the luminous flux is more than
90% of the optimal flux is significantly broader compared to non-
amalgam solutions.

140
Relative luminous flux in %

100

60

20

-10 10 30 50 70
Ambient temperature in ¡C (in draught-free air)

Figure 4.4.1: PL-T lamp characteristics

Lamp position base-up

140
Relative luminous flux in %

100

60

20

-10 10 30 50 70
Ambient temperature in ¡C (in draught-free air)
Figure 4.4.2: Luminous flux of a non-amalgam lamp

Care must be taken when PL-C lamps in closed fixtures are

replaced by the corresponding PL-T lamps. One of the advantages
of amalgam lamps is that the lamp power is less dependent on the
ambient temperature than for non-amalgam lamps.This same
phenomenon, however, may lead to a higher power dissipation in
closed hot luminaires when a PL-C lamp is replaced by a PL-T
lamp.Then, the more constant wattage of the PL-T lamp may lead
to even higher temperatures in the luminaire.

11
5. Control gear for PL-T
fluorescent lamps

5.1 Introduction 5.2.1 Technical data at single lamp operation

As with all gas-discharge light sources, PL-T lamps must be opera- The ballast for PL-T 18W lamps should have the following electrical
ted on suitable control gear, in order to function correctly. characteristics:
The control gear performs a number of functions:
• it limits and stabilizes the lamp current, a necessary Supply voltage 220 V 230 V 240 V
measure in view of the negative resistance characteristic
of gas-discharge lamps (i.e. when the lamp current Open circuit voltage min.V (r.m.s.) 198 207 216
increases, the lamp voltage will decrease)
max.V (peak) 400 400 400
• it provides the ignition voltage (higher than the normal
operation voltage) for the initial lamp starting Voltage/current ratio 1) W 3) 800 845 900
• it supplies controlled energy to heat the lamp electrodes Preheating current 2) min. mA 190 190 190
during ignition (warm start ballasts) and in some cases max. mA 375 375 375
also during normal operation (regulating ballasts).
Recommended Philips ballast (50 Hz) - BPL -
In addition to these basic functions, the control gear must fulfil a 18L31V
number of other, equally important requirements:
• it must ensure a sufficiently high power factor
• it must limit the harmonic distortion of the mains current 1) At ballast current 220 mA.
• it must present a high impedance to frequencies used for 2) Equivalent resistance of both cathodes in series is 80 W.
switching purposes in automatic frequency regulation 3) Tolerance ±4%.
circuits (AFRC or Actadis) in outdoor applications, if
possible
• it must offer adequate suppression of any electro- The ballast for PL-T 26W lamps should have the following
magnetic interference (EMI) that might be produced by electrical characteristics:
the lamp/ballast system and that could otherwise inter-
fere with other electronic equipment Supply voltage 220 V 230 V 240 V
• it must limit the short-circuit current and/or the current
during running-up of the lamp, to protect the lamp elec- Open circuit voltage min.V (r.m.s.) 198 207 216
trodes from overloading
max.V (peak) 400 400 400
• it must switch off the lamps when these cannot be
ignited normally; this safety requirement is only valid for Voltage/current ratio 1) W 3) 540 571 610
the HF (electronic) ballasts Preheating current 2) min. mA 270 270 270
• it must limit the lamp voltage, lamp current and the lamp max. mA 550 550 550
power within the specifications during mains voltage
variations. Recommended Philips ballast (50 Hz) BTA BTA BTA
18L05 18L31 18L25
Note: For specific information on end-of-life behaviour related to
ballasts see section 4.3.
1) At ballast current 315 mA.
2) Equivalent resistance of both cathodes in series is 25 W.
5.2 Control units (conventional) 3) Tolerance ±4%.

The 2-pin lamps with their built-in glow-switch are only suitable for Ballasts used for PL-C 18W lamps or PL-C 26W lamps can be used
conventional operation in the starter circuits. Starter circuits can as well for PL-T lamps with the corresponding wattage.
realise the necessary stabilization of the gas discharge in two ways:
1) inductively: by means of a choke coil (lagging circuit)
2) capacitively: with a capacitor in series with a choke (leading
circuit)
When a reactance is placed in series with the lamp, the power
factor (cos j) will be low. It can be raised by:
1) using a dual lamp circuit, which combines inductive and capaci-
tive stabilization (duo operation, series compensation)
2) shunting a capacitor across the mains terminals in an inductive
circuit (parallel compensation)

The ballast characteristics are given in 5.2.1.The data for series and
parallel compensation together with Philips ballasts are given in
annex 2.

12
5.3 Control units (electronic) 5.3.1.1 Electrode preheating

PL-T /4p lamps are particularly designed for HF operation with
electronic gear, which results in a good system performance (high
efficacy, extended lamp life, etc.).
The specifications of the recommended Philips ballasts (see
annex 2.3 and 2.4) are specified according to the data in the follo-
wing paragraphs.The following information is intended to help elec-
tronic ballast manufacturers in finding their way to design ballasts
with maximum performance. It is to be read in conjunction with
IEC Publication 60929: AC Supplied Electronic Ballasts for
Fluorescent Lamps.
In this section information regarding the preheating process is
given.
However, some changes are to be expected in 1999.
Within IEC, the lighting industry is finalizing discussions
regarding standardization of preheating values of PL-T
lamps.
Three methods of providing preheated cathodes at lamp starting
are normally used, these being either:
1. cathode current controlled preheating
2. cathode voltage controlled preheating

5.3.1 Starting conditions
Like most current fluorescent lamps, PL-T /4p lamps have electro-
des with some emissive material, which among other things, facili-
tates ignition, provided it is heated to a sufficiently high tempera-
ture.
The best way of starting a PL-T /4p lamp is to preheat the
electrodes to this high temperature prior to raising the open
circuit voltage to values that can cause any arc discharge.
When the preheating time has passed (te), the open circuit voltage
must be raised from below Vmax (t < te) (i.e. the maximum voltage
during preheating) to above Vmin (t > te) (i.e. minimum ignition
voltage of the lamp at the desired ambient temperature).
Preheating circuits, which are not of the pure current controlled or
the pure voltage controlled type can be described by energy which
should be supplied to the cathode:
3. cathode energy controlled preheating
Preheating information is given by the energy requirement,
calculated by the formula:
E = Q + P x t, measured in a substitution resistor Rsub.
This formula shows that the energy required, is the sum of
the energy supplied into the electrodes (heat content) and the
power lost (heat loss) by the electrodes during preheating
time.
The following tables include minimum and maximum preheating
data for PL-T/4p lamp electrodes at four different preheating times:
0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s and 2 s.
Some preceding remarks:
1) preheating times < 0.4 s have to be discouraged
2) preheating currents at non-mentioned times can be calculated
by the use of the energy formula
3) the values given are steady state values (constant during
preheating time)
4) frequent use of preheating outside the mentioned limits
will cause accelerated end-blackening and will have a negative
effect on lamp life.

Current controlled preheating

Depending on the available time for preheating, the ballasts should

give a preheating current within the following limits:

Lamp Preheating Preheating time Substitution

type current resistor
PL-T/4p mA 0.5 s 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s (Rsub)

18W min. (r.m.s.) 340 275 250 240 18 W

max. (r.m.s.) 475 385 350 330 18 W
26W min. (r.m.s.) 535 435 400 380 9 W
max. (r.m.s.) 750 615 560 530 9 W
32W min. (r.m.s.) 535 435 400 380 9 W
max. (r.m.s.) 750 615 560 530 9 W
42W min. (r.m.s.) 535 435 400 380 9 W
max. (r.m.s.) 750 615 560 530 9 W

13
Voltage controlled preheating 5.3.1.2 Lamp ignition
Depending on the available time for preheating, the ballasts should The following table includes values for the open circuit voltages,
give a preheating voltage within the following limits: which an electronic ballast should generate for two ambient
temperatures (indoors and outdoors).
Lamp Preheating Preheating time Substitution
type voltage resistor Voltage (r.m.s.) 18 W 26 W 32 W 42 W
PL-T/4p V 0.5 s 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s (Rsub)
V max. during preheating 250 265 265 265
18W min. (r.m.s.) 6.1 5.0 4.5 4.3 18 W V min. for ignition at +10 °C 550 550 550 550
max. (r.m.s.) 8.5 6.9 6.3 6.0 18 W
V min. for ignition at -15 °C 550 550 550 575
26W min. (r.m.s.) 4.8 4.0 3.6 3.4 9 W
max. (r.m.s.) 6.7 5.5 5.0 4.7 9 W
32W min. (r.m.s.) 4.8 4.0 3.6 3.4 9 W
max. (r.m.s.) 6.7 5.5 5.0 4.7 9 W With a substitution resistor of 15 W according to IEC Publ. 60929
42W min. (r.m.s.) 4.8 4.0 3.6 3.4 9 W for PL-T 26W, 32W and 42W, 30 W for PL-T 18W.
max. (r.m.s.) 6.7 5.5 5.0 4.7 9 W
Note: The open-circuit voltages are valid for:
- sinusoidal voltages (crest factor 1.4)
Energy controlled preheating - frequency 20 - 26 kHz
- applications without starting aid.
Depending on the available time for preheating, the ballasts should
give a preheating energy within the following limits:
These values for the required open-circuit voltages are valid for
E=Q+Pxt PL-T lamps.The standardised open-circuit voltages for “Multi-limbed
single capped fluorescent lamps” are still under consideration and
Lamp Preheating Preheating time Substitution are being discussed within IEC.The results of these discussions
type energy Q P resistor most probably will result in standardised open-circuit voltages,
PL-T/4p J 0.5 s 1.0 s 1.5 s 2.0 s J W (Rsub) which are higher than given in the table.

18W min. 1.05 1.35 1.70 2.00 0.70 0.65 18 W

max. 2.05 2.70 3.35 4.00 1.40 1.30 18 W
26W min. 1.30 1.70 2.15 2.55 0.85 0.85 9 W
max. 2.55 3.40 4.25 5.10 1.70 1.70 9 W
32W min. 1.30 1.70 2.15 2.55 0.85 0.85 9 W
max. 2.55 3.40 4.25 5.10 1.70 1.70 9 W
42W min. 1.30 1.70 2.15 2.55 0.85 0.85 9 W
max. 2.55 3.40 4.25 5.10 1.70 1.70 9 W

14
5.4 Dimming
Dimming can be defined as the reduction of the luminous flux of a
lamp, either continuously or in steps, by reducing the operating
current. Concerning the correct dimming of PL-T lamps, the
following remarks can be made:
1) Two-pin versions of PL-T lamps cannot be dimmed.
2) In combination with a suitable electronic ballast, the four-pin
PL-T lamps can be dimmed.
For ensuring the proper operation of four-pin PL-T lamps in dim-
ming conditions, the conditions described in the following two
sections should be fulfilled.
Please note that fluorescent lamps when dimmed will experience a
colour shift.
5.4.1 Electrical properties of the discharge
Dimming is done by reducing the discharge current flowing through
the lamp. At lower lamp currents, the lamp voltage will increase
(see annex 1 for the relationship between lamp voltage and
current at 25 °C ambient temperature).The lamp voltage is not
only dependent on the lamp current, but also on the mercury
vapour pressure in the lamp. Under equilibrium conditions the
mercury vapour pressure is controlled by the temperature of the
amalgam inside the lamp cap.Therefore the values of lamp voltage
and light output also depend on the temperature of the air imme-
diately surrounding the lamp cap and also on the burning position
of the lamp (see figure 5.4.1). Under High Frequency conditions
with sinusoidal discharge current, the lamp voltage will be sinusoidal
as well.The lamp power can thus be estimated with considerable
accuracy using the product of lamp current by lamp voltage.
Lamp position base-up
140
%
lamp voltage
100
luminous flux
60
20
-10 10 30 50 70
Ambient temperature in ¡C (in draught-free air)
Figure 5.4.1: Temperature dependency at rated lamp current
5.4.2 Conditions for proper operation of the
electrodes
Electrodes in PL-T lamps consist of a coiled construction of
tungsten wire which is filled with emissive material.The lifetime of
a fluorescent lamp is determined by the lifetime of the electrode.
In order to ensure sufficient electrode lifetime, its temperature
should be kept within certain limits. Above a certain temperature
the electrodes will be too hot, leading to enhanced evaporation of
the emissive material and severe end-blackening. Below a certain
temperature the electrode is too cold and sputtering of the emit-
ter occurs.This may lead to extremely short life of the lamp.
If PL-T lamps are dimmed by reducing the lamp current, the power
dissipation in the electrodes will decrease, resulting in a lower
temperature of the electrode.Thus, in general, additional heating
should be supplied to the electrode to maintain its proper tempe-
rature.The temperature of an electrode is primarily influenced by
three currents. A simplified diagram of electrode currents is depic-
ted in figure 5.4.2.
ILH
ILH = Lead-High (“total”) current ID
ID = lamp (discharge) current
ILL = Lead-Low (“heating”) current
ILL
Figure 5.4.2: Lamp electrode
The currents ILH and ILL can be measured with a current probe
around the lead-in wire.
By definition the higher of the two currents is called ILH , the
lower of currents ILL.
If the two lead-in wires are taken together through one current
probe, one measures the lamp current ID.
Electrodes in PL-T lamps are designed in such a way that the lamp
current can be varied around its rated value within certain limits.
Within these limits of the lamp current, additional heating is not
strictly required. If, however, the ballast does supply an additional
heating current, the currents in the lead-in wires (ILH and ILL)
should be kept within the limits given in the tables on the following
pages (Normal operation).
If the lamp current is to be dimmed over a broader range, addi-
tional heating should be supplied to the electrode for it to main-
tain its optimum temperature. Also in this case the currents in the
lead-in wires should be kept within limits (Dimming operation).
Best lifetime and minimum end-blackening of the lamp is obtained
when the “target setting” for ILH and ID is observed during dim-
ming (see figures 5.4.3 and 5.4.4).With this “target setting”
(relationship between lamp current and Lead-High current), the
electrode will have its optimum temperature.
15
For PL-T 18W/4p: Regarding the figures and the preceding tables the following
remarks should be made:
1) The actual data given in this Product Information brochure is
280
also the subject of discussion in a working group of ELMAPS
ILH - Lead-High current (mA)

(European Lamp Manufacturers Association for the Preparing of

240 Standards).This will result in due time in new data in the rele-
g vant IEC standards.Therefore the data given here should be
T settin
200 TARGE considered as preliminary.
2) If the lamp current (ID) is varied between the limits given at
160
normal operation, additional heating is optional, but not strictly
120
required.
3) In addition to the relation between the lamp current and the
80 Lead-High current, the Lead-Low current (ILL) may have any
value < ILL max.The maximum allowed values for the Lead-Low
40 current are given in the tables. Lead-Low currents > ILL max. will
cause accelerated end-blackening.
0 4) It will be clear that practical lamp - ballast combinations will
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
ID - Lamp current (mA)
have settings deviating from the ideal “target setting” curve.
The grey area in the graph indicates the “acceptable” range of
deviation. It is difficult to indicate quantitatively the effects on
Figure 5.4.3: “target setting” curve PL-T 18W/4p lamp life for settings deviating from the “target setting”.
It is generally observed that higher values of the Lead High
Note: Also the requirement ILL max.=200 mA should be met. current (ILH) lead to strong end-blackening. If the Lead-High
current is below the “target setting” the electrode becomes too
cold and sputtering of the emitter may occur. If the Lead High
ID ILL ILH current is reduced below the grey area, a very short life of the
lamp will occur.
Normal operation 160 - 240 mA < 200 mA 160 - 270 mA 5) The data given for the additional heating by means of the Lead-
Dimming operation 20 - 160 mA < 200 mA 175 - 270 mA High current is directly related to the lamp current. Ballasts
which do not make use of this direct relation, should be tested
in all practical lamp operating conditions.
For PL-T 26W/4p, 32W/4p and 42W/4p: 6) Information is only given for dimming to 10% of the rated value
of the lamp current. It is observed that, at lower dimming levels,
the temperature profile of the electrode is different from the
one at higher lamp currents.Therefore the rules that determine
440 the required extra heating at dimming levels > 10% cannot be
ILH - Lead-High current (mA)

400 extrapolated to lower “deep dimming” levels.The rules that

g
360 T settin determine low dimming are still under study.
TARGE However Philips, as well as other manufacturers of electronic
320
280 gear, already bring ballasts to the market which permit deep
240
dimming. Since no general rules can be given as yet, extensive life
200
testing should be done with those lamp-ballasts combinations.
For Philips dimming ballasts, the combination with Philips lamps
160
was extensively tested and released to the market.
120
7) The data for PL-T 18W and 26W is the same as for PL-C 18W
80 and 26W.
40
0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
ID - Lamp current (mA)
5.4.3 Emergency lighting

In some countries there are strict regulations for the operation of

Figure 5.4.4: “target setting” curve PL-T 26W/4p, 32W/4p and emergency lighting. A crucial requirement for these emergency
42W/4p lighting systems is the light output of the total system after
switching on. It is clear that the response time for PL-T lamps in
Note: Also the requirement ILL max.=320 mA should be met. general is longer than for PL-C lamps due to amalgam technology.
This difference in response time should be taken into account
ID ILL ILH when designing systems for emergency lighting using PL-T lamps.

Normal operation 250 - 400 mA < 320 mA 250 - 430 mA

Dimming operation 30 - 250 mA < 320 mA 275 - 430 mA

16
6. Definitions

Colour rendering Effect of an illuminant on the colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison
with their colour appearance under a reference illuminant.
Colour rendering Measure of the degree to which the psychophysical colour of an object illuminated by the test
index (R) illuminant conforms to that of the same object illuminated by the reference illuminant, suitable
allowance having been made for the state of chromatic adaptation.
Colour rendering Mean of the CIE 1974 special colour rendering indices for a specified set of eight test colour samples.
index, CIE 1974
general (Ra)
Colour temperature The temperature of a Planckian radiator whose radiation has the same chromaticity as that of a given
stimulus.
It is expressed in kelvin (K).
Colour temperature, The temperature of the Planckian radiator whose perceived colour most closely resembles that of a
correlated given stimulus at the same brightness and under specified viewing conditions.
It is expressed in kelvin (K).
Illuminance (at a point of a surface). Quotient of the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface containing
the point, by the area of that element.
It is expressed in lux (lx) = lumen per square metre (lm/m2).
Life, rated average The number of burning hours on average, after which 50% of large representative groups of lamps in
laboratory tests, under controlled burning conditions and at a specified number of burning hours per
start, have failed.
The correct term should be “median” life, as it defines the 50% mortality point and not necessarily the
average of all individual technical lamp lives. Nevertheless this lifetime indication is used by all American
companies (and also by Philips), whereby the switching cycle is based on a specific number of hours per
start.
Luminance (in a given direction, at a given point of a real or imaginary surface). Quantity defined by the formula,
where the luminous flux is transmitted by an elementary beam passing through the given point and
propagating in the solid angle containing the given direction; the area of a section of that beam
containing the given point; the angle between the normal to that section and the direction of the beam.
It is expressed in candela per square metre (cd/m2).
Luminous efficacy (of a source). Quotient of the luminous flux emitted by the power consumed by the source.
It is expressed in lumen per watt (lm/W).
Luminous flux Quantity derived from radiant flux by evaluating the radiation according to its action upon the
CIE standard photometric observer.
It is expressed in lumen (lm).
Luminous intensity (of a source in a given direction). Quotient of the luminous flux leaving the source and propagated in
the element of solid angle containing the given direction, by the element of solid angle.
It is expressed in candela (cd).
Luminous intensity Distribution of the luminous intensities of a lamp or luminaire in all spatial directions.
distribution

17
Annex 1: Lamp characteristics at dimming operation (Provisional)

Electronic operation
Measuring conditions (according to IEC Publication 60901):
• Ambient temperature: 25 °C
• Burning position: base up
• Operating frequency = 25 kHz

150 150

Lamp voltage (V)

Lamp voltage (V)

140 140

130 130

120 120

110 110

100 100

90 90

80 80

70 70

60 60
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
Discharge current (mA) Discharge current (mA)

Figure 1.1: Lamp voltage PL-T 18W/4p Figure 1.4: Lamp voltage PL-T 26W/4p
Luminous flux (lm)

Luminous flux (lm)

1600 2200
2000
1400
1800
1200
1600

1000 1400
1200
800
1000
600 800

400 600
400
200
200
0 0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
Discharge current (mA) Discharge current (mA)

Figure 1.2: Luminous flux PL-T 18W/4p Figure 1.5: Luminous flux PL-T 26W/4p
Lamp wattage (W)

20 30
Lamp wattage (W)

18 27
16 24
14 21
12 18
10 15
8 12
6 9
4 6
2 3
0 0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
Discharge current (mA) Discharge current (mA)

Figure 1.3: Lamp power PL-T 18W/4p Figure 1.6: Lamp power PL-T 26W/4p

18
 Lamp voltage (V)
190 240
Lamp voltage (V)

180 230
220
170
210
160
200
150 190
140 180
130 170
160
120
150
110
140
100 130
90 120
80 110
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440

Discharge current (mA) Discharge current (mA)

Figure 1.7: Lamp voltage PL-T 32W/4p Figure 1.10: Lamp voltage PL-T 42W/4p
Luminous flux (lm)

3500
Luminous flux (lm)

2600
2400
2200 3000
2000
2500
1800
1600
2000
1400
1200
1500
1000
800 1000
600
400 500
200
0 0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
Discharge current (mA) Discharge current (mA)

Figure 1.8: Luminous flux PL-T 32W/4p Figure 1.11: Luminous flux PL-T 42W/4p
Lamp wattage (W)

36
Lamp wattage (W)

48
32 44
40
28
36
24 32
20 28
24
16
20
12 16

8 12
8
4
4
0 0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440
Discharge current (mA) Discharge current (mA)

Figure 1.9: Lamp power PL-T 32W/4p Figure 1.12: Lamp power PL-T 42W/4p

19
Annex 2: Technical data on PL-T circuits (Philips)

2.1 Conventional operation (Single)

Operation of PL-T lamps on recommended Philips
ballast types (230 V, 50 Hz)

Ballast data Lamp data System data

Lagging Parallel compensated
Philips Power Power Luminous Power Efficacy Supply Compensated Compensating
type flux current current capacitor
W W lm W lm/W mA cos j mA mF cos j

PL-T 18W BPL 18L31V 6.0 18 1200 24.0 50 220 0.50 125 2.0 ³0.85
PL-T 26W BTA 18L31 7.2 26 1800 33.2 54 315 0.47 180 2.5 ³0.85

General remarks
Parallel compensation is used to realise a power factor ³0.85.
Capacitor values ±10% 250 V ~.
Ballasts are suitable for PL-T lamps as well as for PL-C lamps.

Dimensions (in mm)

5
5

41+1

75 28

85

Wiring diagram
BPL 18L31V
B = ballast
LH = lampholder
Cp = parallel capacitor
140
Supply voltage Supply voltage
4.2
Lagging Parallel compensated
4.2

Cp
20

39

LH LH

B B
28

54 54
1.5

155

BTA 18L31

20
2.2 Conventional operation (Duo)
Operation of PL-T lamps on recommended Philips
ballast types (230 V, 50 Hz)

1 lamp leading, 1 lamp lagging

Lamps Ballast System data

Philips Power Supply

type current
W mA cos j

BPL 18L31V
2 x PL-T 18W 50 240 ³0.90
BPL 18L31V + compensating series capacitor 1.8 mF
BTA 18L31
2 x PL-T 26W 72 350 ³0.90
BTA 18L31 + compensating series capacitor 2.6 mF

Ballasts are suitable for PL-T lamps as well as for PL-C lamps.

Wiring diagram

B = ballast
LH = lampholder
Cs = series capacitor

Supply voltage Cs

LH LH

B B

21
2.3 Electronic operation
Operation of PL-T lamps on recommended Philips HF-PERFORMER
electronic gear (220-240 V, 50/60 Hz)

Ballast data System data

Philips Case Tcase Current Power System Ignition Power

type max. efficacy temp. factor
ºC A W lm/W ºC

single operation
PL-T 18W/4p HF-P 118 PL-T/C A 75 0.09 20.0 60 -15 to 50 >0.97
PL-T 26W/4p HF-P 126 PL-T/C A 75 0.13 28.0 64 -15 to 50 >0.97
PL-T 32W/4p HF-P 132 PL-T A 75 0.16 36.0 67 -15 to 50 >0.97
PL-T 42W/4p HF-P 142 PL-T B 75 0.21 47.0 68 -15 to 50 >0.97

duo operation
PL-T 18W/4p HF-P 218 PL-T/C B 75 0.17 38 63 -15 to 50 >0.97
PL-T 26W/4p HF-P 226 PL-T/C B 75 0.24 54 67 -15 to 50 >0.97
PL-T 32W/4p HF-P 232 PL-T C 75 0.31 72 67 -15 to 50 >0.97
PL-T 42W/4p HF-P 242 PL-T C 75 0.42 96 67 -15 to 50 >0.97

Notes: 1) Preheating and ignition characteristics according to draft for IEC requirements
2) For more information see:
- Application guide to lamp control gear / ‘TL’, CFL, QL, Halogen
- Catalogue for OEM lamps / gear / controls
Dimensions (in mm) Wiring diagrams
93.5
N
4.5 L

HF BALLAST

1
2
3
57.5

4
67

1 lamp
N
L
Case A
HF BALLAST 1
2
30

3
4
5
6
7
103 2 lamps

111 146

4.5
4.5
102
90
67

79

Case B Case C
33

38

123
158

22
2.4 Electronic operation (HF-REGULATOR)
Operation of PL-T lamps on recommended Philips HF-REGULATOR
electronic gear (220-240 V, 50/60 Hz)
Dimmable 100% - 3%

Ballast data System data

Philips Case Tcase Current Power System Ignition Power

type max. efficacy temp. factor
ºC A W lm/W ºC (at 100% power)

single operation
PL-T 18W/4p HF-R 118 PL-T/C A 75 0.09 21 57 +10 to 50 0.95
PL-T 26W/4p HF-R 126 PL-T/C A 75 0.13 29 62 +10 to 50 0.95
PL-T 32W/4p HF-R 132 PL-T A 75 0.17 38 63 +10 to 50 0.95
PL-T 42W/4p HF-R 142 PL-T A 75 0.22 50 64 +10 to 50 0.95

duo operation
PL-T 18W/4p HF-R 218 PL-T/C B 75 0.17 38 63 +10 to 50 0.95
PL-T 26W/4p HF-R 226 PL-T/C B 75 0.24 54 67 +10 to 50 0.95
PL-T 32W/4p HF-R 232 PL-T B 75 0.31 72 67 +10 to 50 0.95
PL-T 42W/4p HF-R 242 PL-T B 75 0.42 96 67 +10 to 50 0.95

Notes: 1) Preheating and ignition characteristics according to draft for

IEC requirements
2) For more information see:
- Application guide to lamp control gear / ‘TL’, CFL, QL, Halogen
Dimensions (in mm) - Catalogue for OEM lamps / gear / controls
111

4.5
67

79

Case A
Wiring diagrams
33

N
123
L

—
+
146 1
2
4.5 3
4
1-lamp
102

N
90

L
—
+

Case B
38

2-lamps
158

23
 3222 635 20911
04/99
Printed in the Netherlands
Data subject to change
http://www.lighting.philips.com

Philips
Lighting