University of Guyana/Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering – CVNG 4115- Structural Engineering II

2021-2022

CVNG 4115- Structural Engineering II

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

1. Traditional/Classical Analytical Methods

 Based on closed-form equations and Classical theories (e.g. Moment Distribution,
Slope deflection, etc.
 Simplifying Assumptions applied.

2. Modern Analysis Methods

 Based on numerical analysis methods
 Matrix methods
 Energy theories (.eg, virtual work, unit load method, etc.)

MATRIX STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Matrix Structural Analysis involves:
 Formulation of structural theories using matrix theory and operations.
 Application of energy theories (virtual work, unit load method, etc.)

General Categories:
1) Stiffness (Displacement Methods) – displacements treated as the primary unknowns
 Solve for unknown Displacements
 Solve for unknown Forces using solved displacements

2) Flexibility (Force methods) – forces treated as the unknowns.

 Solve for unknown Forces
 Solve for unknown displacements using solved Forces

Hence Two complimentary Formulations:

1. Matrix Stiffness Analysis
2. Matrix Flexibility Analysis

1
Dr. W. A. Wilson 10112020
 University of Guyana/Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering – CVNG 4115- Structural Engineering II
2021-2022

INDETERMINACY CONCEPTS:

1. Static Indeterminacy – relates to the Unknown Forces (internal and external

reactions)

2. Kinematic Indeterminacy - relates to the Unknown Displacements (translations and

rotations) in the structure.

 Degree of kinematic indeterminacy (Degree Of Freedom) - the number of

independent joint displacements in the structure.
Independent Joint Displacements – can be varied arbitrarily and independently of
all others.

DOF = Number of independent joint Rotations + Translations

Considering the rigid-jointed frame Fig.1
(a) If axial deformations of members occur:
DOFs = 6 (2 rotations + 4 translation)

(b) If axial deformations neglected (i.e. members are axially rigid)

DOFs = 3 (2 rotations + 1 translation in sidesway)

D5 D2
D2 P D6 D1
P
D3 D4

C C D3
B B
D1 D3

D D

A A

Fig. 1 - Rigid-jointed frame – DOFs Fig. 2 - Rigid-jointed frame – DOFs

(Members axially deformable) (Members axially rigid)

2
Dr. W. A. Wilson 10112020
 University of Guyana/Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering – CVNG 4115- Structural Engineering II
2021-2022

MATRIX STIFFNESS METHOD

Steps in Analysis
1. Structure Idealization - assemblage of discrete members (elements) with nodes
(joints).
2. Coordinate System - Local coordinates (members)
- Global coordinates (complete structure).

x' F2y, D2y

2
2
f2, d2 F2x, D2x

y (2)
(2)
y'
F3y, D3y
F1y, D1y

1 1
F1x, D1x (1) 3 F3x, D3x x
f1, d1
(a) Local (member) Coordinates System (b) Structure (Global) Coordinates System

d4
d4
d3
d3
3.

d1

d1
d2
d2
Plane Truss Element– 2 DOFs (translations) at each joint
Plane Frame Element – 3 DOFs (2 translations + 1 rotation) at each joint

3
Dr. W. A. Wilson 10112020
University of Guyana/Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering – CVNG 4115- Structural Engineering II
2021-2022

3. Formulation of Force-displacement relations - for each member in local coordinate

system.

{f} = [k']{d}
Where,
{f} = {f1, f2}T vector of member end forces
{d} = {d1, d2}T vector of member end displacements
k k12  member stiffness matrix in local coordinates
 k '    11
 k 21 k 22 

4. Coordinate Transformation - of Member stiffness matrix from local to global

(Structure) coordinate system.

[k] = [T]T[k'][T]
5. Assembly of Structure stiffness matrix - from Force-displacement relations for all
members in the structure based on equilibrium equations at the joints.

{F} = [K]{D}
Where,
{F} = {F1x F1y F2x F2y F3x F3y}T external joint force matrix
{D} = {D1x D1y D2x D2y D3x D3y}T structure joint displacement matrix
n
 K    k i is the Structure Stiffness Matrix
i

6. Computation of the joints displacements (nodal displacements) of the structure for

any given loading.

{D} = {F} [K]-1

7. Computation of Internal forces in the members using the force-displacement
relations for each member.

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Dr. W. A. Wilson 10112020