Correlative Conjunctions, you already know that a coordinating

conjunction connects two clauses, Two phrases, Or two words. But did you also know
that we can use a pair of conjunctions to do the same thing? Correlative
conjunctions
are conjunctions that come in pairs. That means they must
always appear together. In this lesson you will learn about how to use both and,
not only but also, either or, and neither nor. Let's start with both and and. We
use both and and
to emphasize two elements in a sentence, for example, two subjects, two verbs,
two objects, or even two clauses. When connecting two subjects,
the verb must be plural. >> I love grammar. >> I love grammar! [SOUND]
>> Emily loves grammar. Jake loves grammar. Both Emily and Jake love grammar. Emily
and
Jake are the subjects of these sentences. And you can see that the predicate or the
rest of these sentences is the same
for each of these two sentences. That means we can make a new sentence with a
compound subject, Emily and Jake. And when both and and connect two
subjects, the verb is a plural verb. Of course, you may not have two different
subjects that you'd like to emphasize. Take a look at the following example. Emily
loves grammar. Emily loves chocolate. Emily loves both grammar and chocolate. Now,
grammar and
chocolate are the two different elements in these first two sentences. And this
time they aren't the subjects. They are the objects. The subject and the verb,
Emily loves, is the same in the first two sentences. So the new combined sentence
becomes one with a compound object, grammar and chocolate. Notice the verb appears
in
the third-person singular form because it agrees
with the subject Emily. Okay, let's talk about not only but also, which are
correlative
conjunctions that emphasize that there are two elements,
much like both and. When connecting two subjects
with not only but also, a verb agrees with the subject
that is closest to it. You'll see an example in a minute. >> One, two, three. >>
Wow, how do you stay so healthy? >> I exercise. >> Is that all? >> No, [NOISE] I
also drink lots of water. Come on, you can do it too! [NOISE]
>> Emily exercises every day. Emily also drinks a lot of water. To stay healthy,
Emily not only exercises
everyday but also drinks a lot of water. In these first two sentences,
the verb phrases differ. However, you can see that
the subjects are the same. So this time, we can combine the sentences
to make a sentence with two verb phrases. Of course,
it is also possible to use not only but also to correlate two subjects,
two objects, or two clauses. When not only but
also is correlating two clauses, the verb that follows not only
may look a little unusual. Do you see what I mean? You notice that we need a
helping verb,
in this case does, because the verb exercises
is in the simple present, third person singular form. Then comes the subject and
finally the base form of the main verb. So Emily exercises becomes not only does
Emily exercise. However, in the second
clause which follows but also, you notice the ordinary
subject verb order. Finally, notice the comma
after the first clause. If there is already a helping
verb such as a modal verb, simply invert the subject and the modal
in the clause that comes after not only. Again, the second clause will
follow the normal order of subject, helping verb, main verb. Remember, this only
happens when not only comes at the beginning of a clause and when two clauses are
parallel. Finally, remember that when
two subjects are correlated, the subject that is nearest to the verb
determines the verb conjugation. In the first sentence,
her colleagues is closest to the verb. So the verb is are, plural. In the second
sentence, however, Emily triggers a third person
singular verb form, is. Okay, this concludes
part 1 of this lesson. Watch part 2 to learn about either or
and neither nor. Thank you for listening.