Chapter review 8

1 f(x) = 10x2 dy 2
3 When x  2,  62  3
f ( x  h)  f ( x ) dx 2
f (x) = lim
h 0 h 2
 12 
10( x  h) 2  10 x 2 8
= lim
h 0 h 3
 11
10 x  20 xh  10h 2  10 x 2
2
4
= lim
h 0 h dy 2
When x  3,  63 3
20 xh  10h 2
dx 3
= lim
h 0 h 2
 18 
h(20 x  10h) 27
= lim
h 0 h 25
 17
= lim(20 x  10h) 27
h0

As h  0, 20x + 10h  20x The gradients at points A, B and C are 4,

So f (x) = 20x 11 34 and 17 27
25
, respectively.

2 a A has coordinates (1, 4). 4 y = 7x2 − x3

The y-coordinate of B is dy
= 14x − 3x2
(1 + δx)3 + 3(1 + δx) dx
= 13 + 3δx + 3(δx)2 + (δx)3 + 3 + 3δx dy
= (δx)3 + 3(δx)2 + 6δx + 4 = 16 when
dx
Gradient of AB 14x − 3x2 = 16
y y 3x2 − 14x + 16 = 0
= 2 1
x2  x1 (3x − 8)(x − 2) = 0
8
 x   3  x   6x  4  4
3 2
x = or x = 2
= 3
x
 x   3  x   6x
3 2
5 y = x3 − 11x + 1
=
x dy
= 3x2 − 11
=  x 
2
 3x  6 dx
dy
= 1 when
b As δx  0, (δx)2 + 3δx + 6  6 dx
Therefore, the gradient of the curve at 3x2 − 11 = 1
point A is 6. 3x2 = 12
x2 = 4
1 x = ±2
3 y = 3x2 + 3 + 2
= 3x2 + 3 + x−2
x When x = 2, y = 23 − 11(2) + 1 = −13
dy 2 When x = −2, y = (−2)3 − 11(−2) + 1 = 15
= 6x − 2x−3 = 6x − 3
dx x The gradient is 1 at the points (2, −13)
and (−2, 15).
dy 2
When x  1,  6 1  3
dx 1 9
6 a f(x) = x + = x + 9x−1
4 x
9
f (x) = 1 − 9x−2 = 1 − 2
x

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6 b f (x) = 0 when 1

9 = 2 x 3  x 2  1  2 x 1
=1 dy 1 1
x2  6 x 2  x 2  2 x 2
x2 = 9 dx 2
x = ±3 1 2
 6x 2
 2
2 x x
1 1
4 
7 y 3 x   3x 2  4 x 2
x 11 The point (1, 2) lies on the curve with
dy 3  12 
3 equation y = ax2 + bx + c, so
 x  2x 2 2=a+b+c (1)
dx 2

1 3
The point (2, 1) also lies on the curve, so
8 a y  12 x  x2 2 1 = 4a + 2b + c (2)
1
dy 1  3 1 (2) − (1) gives:
 12   x 2  x 2
dx 2 2 −1 = 3a + b (3)
1 1
 3
 6x 2
 x 2
dy
2 = 2ax + b
dx
3  12
 x 4  x The gradient of the curve is zero at (2, 1),
2 so
0 = 4a + b (4)
dy (4) − (3) gives:
b The gradient is zero when = 0:
dx 1=a
3  12 Substituting a = 1 into (3) gives b = −4
x 4  x = 0 Substituting a = 1 and b = −4 into (1)
2
x=4 gives c = 5
When x = 4, y = 12 × 2 − 23 = 16 Therefore, a = 1, b = −4, c = 5
The gradient is zero at the point with
coordinates (4, 16). 12 a y = x3 − 5x2 + 5x + 2
dy
= 3x2 − 10x + 5
 3   1  3

1 dx
9 a  x 2  1 x 2  1  x  x 2  x 2  1
   dy
b i =2
3 1
dx
b y  x  x2  x
1

2 3x2 − 10x + 5 = 2
1
3x2 − 10x + 3 = 0
dy 3 1 3 (3x − 1)(x − 3) = 0
1 x  x 2 2
dx 2 2 1
x = or 3
3
dy 3 1 1 x = 3 is the coordinate at P,
c When x = 4, 1  2   3
dx 2 2 1
42 so x = at Q.
1 3
1 3 
16
1
4
16
x2  2x
10 Let y = 2 x 3  x 
x2
1
x2 2 x
= 2x  x  2  2
3 2
x x

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12 b ii x = 3 ⇒ y = 27 – 45 + 15 + 2 = −1 14 a The equation of the normal at (1, 0) is
So the equation of the tangent is y = 2(x − 1).
y + 1 = 2(x − 3) The normals meet when y = 2x − 2 and
y = 2x – 7 1
y = − x:
2
iii When x = 0, y = −7 1
and when y = 0, x = 72 2x − 2 = − x
2
So points R and S are (0, −7) and 4x − 4 = −x
( 72 , 0). 5x = 4
4
(7)2   72 
2
Length of RS = x=
5
 7 1  14  7
5 4 2  1 
2
y = 2    2    check in y   x 
5 5  2 
8 N has coordinates  54 ,  52  .
13 y= − x + 3x2 = 8x−1 − x + 3x2
x
dy 8 b
= −8x−2 − 1 + 6x = − 2 − 1 + 6x
dx x
8
When x = 2, y = − 2 + 3 × 22 = 14
2
dy 8
= − − 1 + 12 = 9
dx 4
The equation of the tangent through the point
(2, 14) with gradient 9 is
y − 14 = 9(x − 2)
y = 9x − 18 + 14
y = 9x − 4
1
The normal at (2, 14) has gradient  .
9 1
So its equation is Area of △OAN = base × height
2
1 Base (b) = 1
y − 14 =  (x − 2)
9 2
9y + x = 128
Height (h) = 5
14 a 2y = 3x3 − 7x2 + 4x 1
2 1
3 7 Area = 2 × 1 × =
y = x3 − x2 + 2x 5 5
2 2
dy 9 15 y = x3 − 2x2 − 4x − 1
= x2 − 7x + 2
dx 2 When x = 0, y = −1 so the point P
At (0, 0), x = 0, gradient of curve is is (0, −1).
0 − 0 + 2 = 2. For the gradient of line L:
1 dy
Gradient of normal at (0, 0) is  . = 3x2 − 4x − 4
2 dx
The equation of the normal at (0, 0) is dy
1 At point P, when x = 0, = −4
y = − x. dx
2 The y-intercept of line L is −1.
At (1, 0), x = 1, gradient of curve is Equation of L is y = −4x − 1.
9 1 Point Q is where the curve and line
−7+2=− .
2 2 intersect:
Gradient of normal at (1, 0) is 2. x3 − 2x2 − 4x − 1 = −4x − 1
x3 − 2x2 = 0

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15 x2(x − 2) = 0  1 
2
2 2
x = 0 or 2 18 a OP = x +  5  x 2 
x = 0 at point P, so x = 2 at point Q.  2 
When x = 2, y = −9 substituting into the 1 4
 OP 2  x 2  25  5 x 2  x
original equation 4
Using Pythagoras’ theorem: 1 4
 x  4 x 2  25
distance PQ = (2  0)  (9  (1))
2 2
4
= 68
b f (x) = x3 – 8 = 0 ⇒ x(x2 − 8) = 0
= 4  17 ⇒ x = 0, x   8
= 2 17
c x  0  OP 2  25  OP  5
3 2
16 y = x − 6x + 9x
x   8  OP 2  1  OP  1
dy
= 3x2 − 12x + 9 ⇒ 3x2 − 12x + 9 = 0
dx (OP is a distance so must be positive)
at a turning point.
3x2 − 12x + 9 = 0 ⇒ x2 − 4x + 3 = 0
x2 − 4x + 3 = (x − 3)(x − 1) ⇒ x = 1, 3
⇒ y = 4, 0 ⇒ (1, 4) and (3, 0)

250 2
17 a f(x) = 200  x
x
250
f (x) =  2x
x2

b At the maximum point, B, f (x) = 0

250
− 2x = 0
x2
250
= 2x
x2
250 = 2x3
x3 = 125
x=5
250
When x = 5, y = f(5) = 200 − − 52
5
= 125
The coordinates of B are (5, 125).

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