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LAW AND DIPLOMACY "ANOTHER WAY OF LOOKING AT SOVEREIGNTY".

International law has multiple concrete areas from its origins to the most current and less
consolidated ones. It is necessary to understand the importance and influence of international
law, and the rules that are against the exercise of sovereignty. Countries have faced challenges
in safeguarding their sovereignty as the traditions of diplomatic law are transformed to human
rights, which are the most current norms.

International law is divided into multiple branches, among them is the right of diplomats, which
consists of the ability of States to conduct diplomacy. Diplomacy is the basis of the rights of
diplomats and respect for this right is fundamental to international law. Diplomacy is essential
for all relations between States, it also allows States to have communication and agreements,
only in a case of war there is no diplomacy in the States.

The right of diplomats grants them diplomatic recognition which provides them with the status
of official representative of the State making them ambassadors. Diplomats present credentials
that accredit them before the government of the host state, this allows them to acquire privileges
that the host state grants the ambassador both rights and protections that they enjoy as foreign
diplomats.

These rights acquired by the ambassadors, provide them with diplomatic immunity so they can
violate the laws of the host country without suffering any penalty, punishment or detention, this
from violating traffic laws to criminal laws allows the activities to be outside the jurisdiction of
the national courts of the host country. There are only two things that the host country can do
when faced with violations of the laws of its country, the first case is in the case that the host
country obtains the consent of the country of the embassy, the second case is that the host
country withdraws the accreditation previously granted to the diplomat and subsequently expels
him/her from the country. Diplomatic immunity is not only present in the embassy but also
outside the embassy. Diplomats can travel without any problem within the host country because
it is one of their rights but this may vary depending on the host country, in some cases they may
be restricted from entering some areas or going out of an established city.

Another of the rights that diplomats have is the occupation of an embassy in the host country, in
this embassy the laws of the host country do not apply, they can only access it with the consent
of the country. But this has not always been the case in all host countries. There have been some
cases where embassies have been violated the right of inviolability of the embassies, in case this
happens the host country has the obligation if necessary to use force against its own citizens in
order to protect the foreign embassy. This is to respect the principle of international law "out of
reach" this principle is fundamentally applied through reciprocity and is responsible for
prohibiting attacks not only to embassies but also to diplomats, because an attack on embassies
or diplomats is considered as an attack against the territory of the state no matter if it occurs
outside the national territory.

Thanks to diplomatic immunity, many states have taken advantage of it to conduct espionage,
using the diplomatic corps outside the embassy. The people doing the spying are usually low-
level embassy workers. In case the host country finds out that there is a spy in the embassy
because of the diplomatic immunity it has, it cannot be prosecuted, but it can be expelled, which
is what normally happens in these cases, but at the moment of expulsion the diplomatic norms
demand a courtesy in the expulsion of the spy, This is not a law but it is a requirement and the
formal explanation is "for activities not in accordance with their diplomatic status", this only
happens in cases where the spy works under the diplomatic corps is very different if he is a
tourist or an ordinary person because he has no immunity and this can cause him to be
prosecuted and detained by the laws of the State.

Diplomatic pouches are very common in diplomacy and are sent between a State and an
embassy. Diplomatic pouches have a territorial status of the country of origin, which demands
that they are not opened or registered, much less confiscated by the host country.

On many occasions dissatisfaction can occur between States, when it is very minor States can
make a formal complaint and this is normally done in their capital to the ambassador of the host
country, but if it is a stronger conflict States decide to call their ambassadors home for a period
of time this is done in order to signal discomfort but publicly it is known as a trip home for
consultations as a requirement of diplomatic norms. Although even less common is a conflict to
the point of breaking diplomatic relations, this can happen on occasion. When there are no
longer diplomatic relations between these two countries, it can be resumed through negotiations
between third countries that are willing to represent the interests of another country through
their embassy.

Diplomacy seeks to avoid wars, whether just or of aggression, but just wars are accepted in
international law. Just wars are legal and are given to protect the national territory against the
violation of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the State as a response to aggression
military force is used, this may include the punishment of the aggressor or only the rejection,
but you can not take advantage of the aggression of the other State to make an essentially
aggressive war, the purpose of responding to aggression must be with a just intention for the
war can be morally just. On the other hand, wars of aggression are illegal and use force or threat
of force by the State against the sovereignty of another State, but for this threat to constitute
aggression it must be clear and not only political.

The purpose of diplomacy will always be to seek to have relations with other States to avoid
wars and to safeguard the sovereignty of the States, even though this is often violated, and for
this reason it evolves to have international rights that can meet all these requirements, because
despite having as many rights as obligations, in many cases not even a part of them are fulfilled,
and wars are generated.