12612024 ALEKS - SHANE SARGADO- Learn © cHemicat Limiting reactant ‘Aqueous hydrobromic acid (HBr) will rect with std sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce aqueous sodium bromide (NaBr) and liquid water (H,0). Suppose 70.6 9 of hydrobromic acid is mixed with 56. 9 of soclum hydre"'4e, Calculate the minimum mass of hydrobromic acid that could be let over by the chemical reaction. Be sure your ans: nas the correct number af significant digits. & @ eususion dh ‘The question isa limiting ceactant problem. You can tells miting reactant problem by the fact that ye x) wre given the intial amounts of more than one reactant, Here Is the balanced chemical austin for the reaction you~. need to solve the problem: HBr (aq) + NaOH (s) — NaBr (aq) + H0 (!) You can solve limiting reactant problems in the follawing three steps: ‘Step 1 : Find the initial moles of each reactant. Use the molar mass of each compound to convert mass to moles: reactant | initial mass initial motes 704 HBr 04¢ é. 87008... mol 80.912 g-mot 36. NaOH 56.8 — 39,9970 g-mol “There are 3 significant digits in the mass of HBr and 2 significant digits in the mass of NaOH, so your calculated values for the intial moles have 3 and 2 significant digits, respectively. But keep two extra digits for ‘now, and only round your final answer to the correct number of significant digits. ‘Step 2: Determine the limiting reactant. ‘The limiting reactant is the one that gets used up frst. The most rellable way to fin its to consider each reactant in turn, and imagine what would happen if tnat reactant were completely used up by the reaction Only when you pick the actual limiting reactant will your results be sensible. = Hide Extra Information Its rare but possible for there to be more than one limiting reactant. ‘What happens in this case is that you will find sensible results when you imagine more than one reactant to be the limiting reactant. What this means is that the reaction runs out of more than ane reactant simultaneously. [As you may imagine, i's a relatively rae thing for the amounts of several reactants to be perfectly balanced, so that the reaction runs out of more than one reactant simultaneously. There is no dificulty in dealing with reactions like this, however ‘Simply choose any one of the reactants that s exhausted to be the limiting reactant. Let's begin by imagining what would happen ifthe hydrobromic acid were used up, The moles of NaOH that would be consumed would equal the moles of IIBr consumed multiplied by the ratio of their stoichiometric cooffiients: 1 mol NaOH consumes (0.87008 mol HBr consumes. * > Leonsire? = 0,87008.., mol NaOH consumed 1 mol HBr consumed More Practice htpshvww-av.aleks.com/aleksegih/is.exe!to_u-gNst7j8P3}-ugS4BxuKJeTRkqM9B-AECyRJFREUAK_2_egUm2y7THemBUypSCRInjT-VEEPP... 11212612024 ALEKS - SHANE SARGADO- Learn Now let's imagine what would happen If all the sodium hydroxide were used up, The moles of HBr that would be consumed would equal the moles of NaOH consumed multiplied by the ratio of their stoichiometric cosfficients: 1 mol HBr consumes 1,400 mol NaOH consumed. = 1.400... mol HBr consumed a 1 mol NaOH consumed ‘This would be the final situation: & Teactant | Initial moles | moles consumed final moles “= HBr 0.87008 mol 1.400 mol 0.87008 mol 1.400 mol = -0.530... mol: NaOH | 1.400 mol 1.400 mel mol a Clearly this is impossible! The reaction couldn't use up 1.400 mol af hydrebromic acid when there are only 0.87008 mol to start with. It must be that the reaction would run out of hydrobromic acid before all the sodium hydroxide were used up. The limiting reagent is hydrobromic acs ‘Step 3 : Find the final moles of each reactant. Use the fact that hydrabromic acid isthe limiting reagent: Teactant | Initial moles | moles used up | final moles HBr | 0.87008 mol | 0.87008 mol mol NaoH | 1.400 mo! | 0.87008 mol_| 0.530... mol Step 4: Answer the question, You're asked for the minimum mass of hydrobromic acd that could be left over, Le, the mass of hydrobromic acid when the limiting reagent is used up. Since hydrobromic acid is the limiting reagent, there won't be any of it lft. @ wrswer Minimum mass of hydrobromic acid left over: O g htpshwww-awualoks.com/aleksogih/is.exe!to_u-lgNsikr7}&PS}H-vgS4BxuK JeTRkgM99B-AECyRIFREUSK_2_egUm2y7THemBUypSCRInjT-VEEPP.... 2/2