ABM 11

LIFE SCIENCE

BIOLOGY – Study of life.

DNA – Blueprint of life. One of the most basic information that the scientists
discovered.
HUMAN GENOME – Contains all the genetic information of the human body.

BRANCHES

1. BOTANY – Study of plants.

2. ZOOLOGY – Study of animals.
3. MICROBIOLOGY – The study of all microorganisms.
4. ANATOMY – The study of the structures of an organism and their relationship.
5. PHYSIOLOGY – The study of the body functions.
6. GENETICS – The study of heredity, gene function and variation among organisms.
7. EVOLUTION – The study of the origins of life.
8. ECOLOGY – The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with
their physical and chemical environment.

HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION

1. ATOM – The smallest particle of an element.

2. MOLECULE – Two or more atoms bonded together.
3. CELL – The smallest unit of life.
4. TISSUE – A group of similar cells.
5. ORGAN – A group of similar tissues working together.
6. ORGAN SYSTEM – A group of organs working together.
7. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM – A complete living thing.
8. SPECIES – Organisms that can reproduce and produce a fertile, viable offspring.
9. POPULATION – A group of the same species.
10. COMMUNITY – All the species in an area.
11. ECOSYSTEM – All the biotic and abiotic things in an area.
12. BIOSPHERE – The Earth.

EMERGENT PROPERTIES

1. ORDER
2. REPRODUCTION
3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
4. ENERGY UTILIZATION
5. RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT
6. HOMEOSTASIS
7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION

TWO MAJOR KINDS OF CELLS:

1
1. PROKARYOTIC CELL
Smaller compared with the eukaryotic cell, lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles. It has DNA
e.g archaebacteria and bacteria

2. EUKARYOTIC CELL
Has a nucleus and a cytoplasm that contains all organelles. Has DNA which is
organized with proteins into chromosomes and is found inside the nucleus.
e.g plants, fungi and animals.

LIFE PROCESSES

METABOLISM – Totality of the life processes required to support life.

HOMEOSTASIS – An inherent ability to maintain dynamic equilibrium between the
life processes occurring inside them and the changes happening to their
surroundings.

Life processes that organisms undergo:

1. GROWTH
2. REPRODUCTION
3. NUTRITION
4. TRANSPORT
5. SYNTHESIS
6. COORDINATION
7. IMMUNITY