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MA211: Advanced Calculus

Test 1 – Semester 1, 2017

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Time Allowed: 50 minutes

Total Marks: 30

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. There are 2 questions and ALL are compulsory. Start each question on a
new page.
2. There are two (2) pages (including this cover page) in this test paper.
3. Marks for each question are as indicates.
4. Show all necessary working. Partial marks will be awarded for partially
correct answers.

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Question 1: (6 + 3 + 3 = 12 marks)

a) Find the area that is inside r  4  2cos and outside r  6  2cos .

Solution:
Step 1: Sketch of the graph of the region we are interested in.

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MA211 Short Test 1 Semester 1, 2017
 Step 2: Determine the values of  where the graphs intersect.
6  2 cos   4  2 cos 
1  1  2
cos       cos 1    
2  2 3
This is the value for the angle in the second quadrant.
The angle in the third quadrant where the two graphs intersect is
2 4 2
  2   
3 3 3
2 4
The ranges of  for this problem is   .
3 3
Step 3: From the graph we see that r  4  2cos is the outer for this region and
r  6  2cos is the inner graph.
The area then,
4
1
A  23  4  2 cos     6  2 cos   d
2 2

2 
3
4
 2
3
 10  20 cos  d
3
4 /3
 10  20sin  2 /3
 13.6971
b) Determine whether the given limit exists. If so, find its value.
1  cos  x 2  y 2 
lim
( x , y ) (0,0) x2  y 2
Solution:
1  cos  x 2  y 2 
lim .
( x , y ) (0,0) x2  y 2
Let z  x  y , then z  0 if ( x, y)  (0,0) . Use L’Hopital’s rule to get
2 2

1  cos  x 2  y 2  1  cos  z  sin z

lim  lim  lim 0
( x , y ) (0,0) x y
2 2 z 0 z z 0 1

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MA211 Short Test 1 Semester 1, 2017
 c) Find parametric equations for the line through the point ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and
parallel to the line x  x0  at , y  y0  bt , and z  z0  ct.
Solution:
The line is parallel to the vector  a, b, c  so
x  x1  at , y  y1  bt , z  z1  ct

Question 2: (6 + 6 + 6 = 18 marks)

a) Given the following information use the Chain Rule to sketch the tree
diagram and determine zt and z p .
z  4 y sin(2 x), x  3u  p, y  p 2u, u  t 2 1
Solution:
The tree diagram

z
z
z
x
y

x y
x y
x y
u u

u u

du du

dt dt

t t

The formulas for the two derivatives

z z x du z y du z z x z y
zt    zp   
t x u dt y u dt p x p y p
Here is the work for this problem.

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MA211 Short Test 1 Semester 1, 2017
 z z x du z y du
zt   
t x u dt y u dt
 8 y cos(2 x) 3 2t    4sin(2 x)   p 2   2t 
 48ty cos(2 x)  8tp 2 sin(2 x)
  
 48 p 2  t 3  t  cos 2 p  6  t 2  1  8 p 2t sin 2 p  6  t 2  1 
z z x z y
zp   
p x p y p
 8 y cos(2 x)  1   4sin(2 x)  2 pu 
 8 y cos(2 x)  8 pu sin(2 x)
  
 8 p 2  t 2  1 cos 2 p  6  t 2  1  8 p  t 2  1 sin 2 p  6  t 2  1 
b) Find the absolute extrema of f ( x, y)  x2  2 y 2  x over the region bounded
by the disk x2  y 2  4 .

Solution:
f ( x, y)  x2  2 y 2  x, disk x2  y 2  4
Find all critical points
f x  2 x  1  0  x  1/ 2
fy  4y  0  y0
(1/2,0) is the only critical point in R.
Thus,
1  1 1 1
f  ,0    
2  4 2 4
Find the absolute extrema
Along x  y  4
2 2

Then
z  f ( x, y )  x 2  2 y 2  x

 
f x, 4  x 2  x 2  2  4  x 2   x  8  x  x 2

Let u ( x)  8  x  x 2 for  2  x  2
1 1 15
then u '( x)  1  2 x  0  x   , y   4   
2 4 2
 1 15   1 15 
  ,  and   ,  
 2 2   2 2 
Thus.

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MA211 Short Test 1 Semester 1, 2017
  1 1 1 33  1 15 
u   8    f   ,  
 2 2 4 4  2 2 
Note the two end points on 𝑥 axis so we have (-2,0) and (2,0). Thus,
f ( x, y )  x 2  2 y 2  x
f (2, 0)  6
f (2, 0)  2
Compare all extreme points

( x, y) (1/2,0) (1/ 2, 15 / 2) (1/ 2,  15 / 2) (-2,0) (2,0)

f ( x, y) -1/4 33/4 33/4 6 2

Absolute maximum value is 33/4

Absolute minimum value is -1/4

c) Use Lagrange multipliers method to find the point on the line 2 x  y  3

that is closest to (4,2).

Solution:
Find points on the line that minimize and maximize the square of the distance to
(4,2). Thus we want to find the relative extrema of
f ( x, y)  ( x  4)2  ( y  2)2
subject to the constraints
y  2x  3
Thus, f ( x, y, z)  ( x  4)2  ( y  2)2 and g ( x, y)  y  2x  3
Applying the LM method, we have
f g
  2( x  4)  2    4  x
x x
f g
  2( y  2)      2 y  4
y y
Equating the two equations
4  x  2y  4  x  8  2y
Plugging this into the constraint gives
19  19  2  2 19 
y  2 x  3  y  2(8  2 y)  3  y  , x  8  2    , i.e.  , 
5 5 5 5 5 

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MA211 Short Test 1 Semester 1, 2017
  2 19 
The closest point is  , .
5 5 

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MA211 Short Test 1 Semester 1, 2017