Group No 18 Report

Experimental study on effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregate by waste bricks.
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Concrete is the base material for construction industries. It is strong in compression and weak
in tension Concrete is produced by mixing cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water to produce
material that can be moulded into almost any shape. The main constituent of the concrete in
cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water, replacing some of these materials makes significant
changes in cost as well as performance. Coarse aggregate filled almost 70% of volume in
concrete. The cost of coarse aggregate is rapidly increasing and the availability of the aggregate
is getting reduced. The major cost of the concrete is related to the aggregate. waste bricks are
available in the brick manufacturing industries. The brick wastes were replaced with concrete
This waste bricks maintains strength and performance to the concrete also reduce the weight
of the concrete. Strongly waste bricks replaced with concrete can be performed in the mass
concrete filling area. In environmental aspects replacement of over burnt brick bat in concrete
is reduce the conservation in the natural resources. Raw material utilization can be diminished
which at last spare time and vitality. These will diminish the measure of ozone harming
substance era. The blocks which are close to the fire in the oven subjected to high warmth more
than1000 degree centigrade it will shrink and changes in shape, the shading ends up noticeably
ruddy and its appearance like rosy to blackish inclination stone. Brick bats are one of the types
of aggregate used in certain places where natural aggregates are not available. Brick bats which
are made from over burnt bricks used as coarse aggregate which is hard and absorb less water.
Over burnt bricks are produced by burning the raw materials along with good quality bricks.
Due to its distorted shape, over burnt bricks are considered as wastage.
1.1 Why waste bricks are used as aggregate?
Over burnt bricks are produced by burning the raw materials along with good quality bricks
due to its distorted shape, over burnt bricks are considered as wastage. But there is a scope of
using the over burnt bricks as source aggregate can solve the problems of shortage of aggregate.
Over burnt bricks are produced by burning of raw materials along with good quality bricks.
Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 1

2.0
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Mr. G. S patil and Mr. P. B. Autade : have reported effect of replacement of course
aggregate by jhama class brick in concrete and to developed a mixture proportioning process to
manufacture jhama class brick base concrete and to identify study the effect of silent parameters
that affect the properties of jhama class brick based concrete and to study the short term
engineering properties of fresh and Hardened jhama class brick based concrete.
2.2 Dr. M. N. hirenath and Mr. Sanjay S. J : have reported replacement of course aggregate
by demolished brick waste in concrete and to determine the suitabilty of brick waste as
replacement of course aggregate in concrete production and discuss on investigate the mechanical
and physical property of brick waste concrete and to compare the performance between concrete
with brick waste as course aggregate partially replacement and conventional concrete This
research is focus on some properties and strength behavior of concrete if demolised waste brick
used as aggregate in construction.
2.3 Akshay N kadu and PM kulkarni : discuss about of partial replacement of over brunt brick.
This research is basically study to development, the manufacture and physical properties of the
concrete made by over brunt brick and demolished brick as a course aggregate from this chapter
present the environment which upraise the utilization of some alternative materials of course
aggregate in concrete at the time of brick manufacturing maximum number of brick are rejected
due to non - Comformity with the required specification this rejected and waste brick can also be
a potential source of course aggregate.
2.4 Gopinandan dev and joyanta pal have reported on use of brick aggregate in standard
concrete and its performance in elevated temperature. Crush brick can be used satisfactorily to
produce M-25, M-30 keeping water cement ratt in range of 0.35 to 0.45

2.5 Bidve ganesh shivkant and G. N shete. Discuss about experimental study on effect of
partially replacement of course aggregate by over burn brick backs concrete is chipper than
conventional concrete 3% increment in the Compressive strength is found 20% replacement of
course aggregate by over burnt brick bat waste and strength decrease by 3.3% when the 40% of
course aggregate is replace by over burnt brick bat waste, by using aggregate cement ratio is 4.2
water cement ratio is 0.45 current study concluded that over brunt brick bat waste can replace
course aggregate upto 20 %
2.6 Vikas kumar gautam and Mr. Devesh jaiswal. They reported use over brunt crush brick as
course aggregate in concrete mix this study has found that crush brick will be used satisfactory
as burnt aggregate combination for creating concrete of acceptable strength characteristics. The
recycle brick combination concrete created with over burn brick will be used whenever concrete
of tenuity is needed. The Workability of crush over burnt brick concrete is less than that
Traditional concrete.
2.7 Kumar nilesh and saxena anil kumar, soni gourav have reported analysis of concrete made
from over burned. Compressive strength of conventional concrete at 7,14,28 and 50 days of M -
25 , M-30, M-35 grade is higher than the replace over brunt group and the compressive strength
on partial replacement of over burnt brick from 10% to 30% replacement decreases.
2.8 Durga chaitnya and kumar jagarapu. Alternative course aggregate in concrete they review
the various admixture utilize in concrete like cocot shell rubber waste e - waste and jhama brick
concrete made by utilizing jhama block as course total, at first invigorates the elevated
compressive for the substitution 20% and 20 later that it diminished by 60% and 80%
2.9 Apebo N. S agunwamba J. C discuss on the suitability of crush over brunt brick as course
aggregate the research was conducted to study the suitability of crush over brunt brick as
alternative course aggregate for concrete production test were carried out to determine the
physical property of the crush over brunt brick aggregate.

3.0
OBJECTIVES
The proposed work is based on the following objectives:
3.1 Determined the mechanical strength of concrete by replacing coarse Aggregate with waste
Bricks.
3.2 Determined the behavior of fresh concrete after partially replacement of coarse aggregate by
Waste bricks.
3.3 To find out optimum percentage of waste brick for maximum compressive strength.

4.0
METHODOLOGY
Materials
The materials used for this research includes : Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Fine aggregate
Coarse aggregate and water which were all obtained local.
4.1 Cement:( Ordinary Portland cement )

The cement used was Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 grade. The cement should be fresh and
of uniform consistency. Where there is evidence of lumps or any foreign matter in the
material, it should not be used. The cement should be stored under dry conditions and for as
short durations possible
Fig No. 4.1.1 Cement

Sr. Characteristic Value
No.
1. Standard consistency 33%
2. Initial setting time 48 min
3. Final setting time 240 min
4. Fineness 4%
TABLE 4.1.1 Properties of Cement

4.2 Fine aggregate :

Fine aggregate play a major role in concrete as it helps in packing of concrete i.e, as a filler in
concrete. For making strong concrete the naturally available strong aggregates with particular
size and shapes are required for making the concrete. Also the fine aggregates greatly influence
the workability of concrete.
Fig No. 4.2.1 Fine aggregate
Sr. Characteristic value

No.
1. Type Uncrushed
2. Specific gravity 2.46
3. Fineness modulus 2.30
4. Grading zone III
5. Water absorption 0.7 %
Table No. 4.2.1 Properties of Fine aggregate

4.3 Coarse aggregate :
The size of aggregate bigger than 4.75 mm is considered as coarse aggregate. There
are different types of shape of coarse aggregate like rounded aggregate ,flaky
aggregate and angular or crushed aggregate. In this experimental programmed 20mm
crushed aggregate were used. The physical properties of coarse like specific gravity
water absorption , fineness modulus are tested.
Fig No. 4.3.1 Coarse Aggregate
Sr. Characteristic Value

No.
1. Type Crushed
2. Maximum size 20mm
5. Water absorption 0.50%
6. Impact test 10.32 %
7. Abrasion value 17.60 %
8. Flakiness & Elongation Index 13.21 % & 14.20 %
Table No. 4.3.1 Properties of coarse aggregate

4.4 Waste brick materials

Bricks is a durable building materials and construction materials with good load
bearing properties various research have been carried out in porosity, permeability
and absorption of brick. The traditional clay bricks are manually produced by
pressing clay with certain amount of sand in the wooden mould. Then the wet
bricks are first dried in the sun and air then transported to brick kiln for subsequent
burning process the brick are burn up to 800 to 900 C the brick kiln. If the
temperature in kiln is uncontrolled then the bricks are over burn.
Fig No. 4.4.1 Waste Bricks Aggregate
Sr. Properties Brick waste aggregate

No.
1. Aggregate impact 25.19 %
value
3. Water absorption 8.11 %
5. Abrasion value 39.26 %
6. Flakiness & Elongation Index 11.48 % 12.04 %
Table 4.4.1 Properties of Waste bricks aggregate

5.0
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
5.1 Test on material:
5.1.1 TEST ON CEMENT

i. Fineness of Cement
ii. Standard Consistency
iii. Initial setting time
iv. Final setting time
5.1.2 TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE

i. Fineness modulus of fine aggregate.
ii. Specific gravity of fine aggregate.
iii. water absorption test.
5.1.3 TEST ON COARSE AGGREGATE

i. Impact value of coarse aggregate.
ii Fineness modulus test
iii. Specific gravity of coarse aggregate.
iv. Water absorption of coarse aggregate.
v. Abrasion test on coarse aggregate
vi. Flakiness index & Elongation Index
5.1.4 Test on brick waste aggregate

i. impact value of brick waste
ii. Fineness modulus
iii Specific gravity test
ii Water absorption of brick waste aggregate
iv. Abrasion test
v. Flakiness index & Elongation Index

5.1.1 TEST ON CEMENT
5.1.1.1. Fineness of cement..

Procedure :
➢ Take a sample of 100 gm of Cement And Note it As (W1).
➢ Pour 100 gm of cement sample in 90 micron sieve And close it with the lid.
➢ Now place the sieve in sieve shaking machine for two minutes. You can also shake the
sieve with your hands for 15 minutes.
➢ Weight the retained sample on the 90 micron sieve And note it as (W2).
➢ Then calculate the percentage of Weight of cement retained on sieve.
➢ The fineness of cement = W2/W1 *100.
Data:
Weight of cement taken (W1) =100 gm.
Weight of cement retained on 90μ I.S. Sieve (W2) = 4 gm.
Calculation:-
Fineness of cement
= W2/W1*100
= 4/100*100
= 4%
• Fineness of cement should not be more than 10%.
• Fineness modulus is 4%. hence it can be used in our project.

5.1.1.2 Standard consistency Test:
Procedure:
➢ Take 400gm of cement and place it in a bowl or tray.
➢ Now assume standard consistency is 28 % and add the Same quantity of water in cement and
mix It.
➢ Mix the paste thoroughly within 3-5 minutes the time taken to obtain cement paste after
adding water is called gauging time.
➢ Now fill the paste in vacate mold correctly any excessive paste in vacate remained On vacate
mold is taken off by using trowel.
➢ Then place the vacate mold on glass plate and see that the plunger should touch the surface of
the vacate mold gently.
➢ Released the plunger and allow to it sink into the test mold.
➢ Note down the penetration of the plunger from the bottom of the mold indicated on the scale.
➢ Repeat the same procedure by adding different percentage of water until the reading is in
between 5-7mm on the vacate apparatus scale.
Data :
1) Weight of sample = 400 gm.

2) Assuming percentage of water = 33 %.
Weight of water = 33 / 100 * 400
= 132 ml
Standard consistency = Weight of water / Weight of cement * 100
= 132 / 400 * 100
= 33 %
• Standard Consistency of cement = 33 %.
• The standard Consistency of OPC Cement is Varies Between 25 – 35 %.

5.1.1.3 Initial setting time
The time to which cement can be moulded in any desired shape without losing its
strength is called as initial setting time of cement.
For ordinary Portland cement, The initial setting time is 30 minutes.
Procedure:
➢ Take 400 gm of cement and place it in a bowl or tray.

➢ Now add water an start the stopwatch at the moment of water is added to the cement.
Water of quantity 0.85P Times ( Where P is the standard consistency of the cement.)
➢ Now fill the mix in vacate mould. if any excessive paste remained on vacate mould is
taken off by using a trowel.
➢ Then place the vacate mould on non porous plate and see the plunger should touch the
surface of vacate mould gently.
➢ Release the plunger and allow it to sink into the test of mould
➢ Note down the penetration of plunger from the bottom of the mould indicated on the
scale
➢ Repeat the same experiment at different position on the mould until the plunger
should stop penetrating 5 mm from the bottom of the mould.
Calculation :
= 0.85 * P
= 0.85 * 33
= 28.05 %
= 28.05 /100 * 400
= 112.20 ml
• Initial setting time of setting is 48 minutes.

Fig No. 5.1.1.1 Fineness of cement
Fig No. 5.1.1.3 Initial setting time of cement

5.1.1.4 Final setting time
The time taken by cement to gain its entire strength is a final setting time of cement
for ordinary portland cement.
The final setting time of ordinary Portland cement is 600 minutes ( 10 hours ).
Procedure :
➢ Now replace the needle by the one with an angular attachment. The cement is assumed
as finally set.
➢ When applying the needle gently to the surface of the test mould , the needle makes as
impression.
➢ The time period between the moment water is added to the cement and the time at which
needle makes an impression on the surface of the mould, while the attachment fails to
do so, is thefinal setting of cement.
➢ Final setting time of cement is 240 minutes.
Fig No. 5.1.1.4 Final Setting time

5.1.2 TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE
5.1.2.1 Fineness modulus of fine aggregate.
From the sieve analysis the particle size distribution in a sample of aggregate is found
out. In this connection a term known as “Fineness Modulus” (F.M.) is being used. F.M. is a
ready index of coarseness or fineness of the material. Fineness Modulus is an empirical
factor obtained by adding the cumulative percentage of aggregate retained on each of the
standard sieves ranging from 80 mm to 150 micron and dividing this sum by an arbitrary
number 100 Many a time , fine aggregate are designated as coarse sand , medium sand and
fine sand. These classifications do not give any precise meaning. What the supplier
means as fine sand may be really medium or even coarse sand. To avoid this ambiguity
fineness modulus could be used as ayard stick to indicate the fineness of sand.
Procedure :
➢ Take the sieve and Arrange them in desending order with the large sieve at the top.
➢ 4.75 mm, 2.36mm, 1.7mm, 600 µ , 300 µ,150 µ, 75 µ And PAN are used
For this test.
➢ Take sample of 2000 gm of fine aggregate.
➢ After sieveing record the sample weight retained on each sieve.
➢ Then find the cumulative weight retained on each sieve.
➢ Add the all cumulative percentages retained values and divide with 100
➢ Then we will get the value of fineness modulus.

Sr. IS Sieve Weight Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative

No Size Retained weight percentage percentage
. (gm) retained retained Passing
1. 10 mm 0 0 0 100
2. 4.75mm 22 22 1.10 98.9
3. 2.36 mm 75 97 4.85 95.15
4. 1.18 mm 21 118 5.90 94.10
5. 600 µ 680 798 39.90 60.10
6. 300 µ 863 1661 83.05 16.95
7. 150 µ 260 1921 96.05 3.95
8. 75 µ 27 1948 97.40 2.60
9. Pan 52 2000 100 0
Table 5.1.2.1: Result of fineness modulus of sand
sum of cumulative % of mass retained on the sieve upto 150 µ

Fineness modulus =
100
230.85
=
100
= 2.30
Result :
Fineness modulus of fine aggregate is 2.30
As per Is 383-1970 the sand used is fine sand

Fig No. 5.1.2.1 Fineness Modulus

5.1.2.2 Specific gravity of fine aggregate:
Empty weight of pycnometer (W1) = 0.619 gm.
Weight of pycnometer with 500 gm fine aggregate(W2) = 1115 gm.
Weight of pycnometer with distilled water +fine aggregate (W3) = 1814 gm.
Weight of pycnometer + water (W4) = 1519 gm.
Calculation:
Specific gravity = (W2-W1) /(W2-W1)-(W3-W4)
=(1115-619)/(1115-619) (1814-1519) 100
=2.46.
➢ Specific Gravity of fine aggregate is 2.46.
Fig No. 5.1.2.1 Specific Gravity of Fine aggregate

5.1.2.2 Water absorption test :
Data :
Mass of empty container with lid (W1) = 40 gm
Mass of container with moist sand = 155 gm
Mass of container with dry sand (W3) = 154.2 gm
Calculation :
= W2 – W3 / W3-W1
= 0.8 / 114.2 * 100
= 0.7 %
Result:
Moisture content of fine aggregate is 0.7 %

5.1.3.1 Impact test on coarse aggregate:
Procedure :
➢ The aggregate comprising the test sample shall be dried in an oven for a period
of four hours at a temperature of 100 to 110°C and cooled.
➢ The measure shall be filled about one-third full with the aggregate and tamped
with 25 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod.
➢ Take a empty weight of cylinder ante it as (W1).
➢ Take a weight of cylinder + aggregate and note it as (W2).
➢ Determine the net weight of the aggregates to the nearest gram (W3).
➢ Remove the crushed aggregate from the cup and sieve it through 2.36 mm IS
sieves until no further significant amount passes in one minute.
➢ Weight the fraction passing the sieve to an accuracy of 1 gm (W4). The fraction
retained in the sieve is weighted.
5.1.3.1 Impact test on coarse aggregate

Impact value of coarse aggregate
Weight of empty cylindrical cup (W1) = 798 gm
Weight of cylinder + aggregate (W2) = 1166 gm
W2 – W1 =W3 ( 1166-798)=368 = 368 gm
Weight retained on 10 mm sieve (W4) = 38 gm
Calculation:
Impact value = W4 / W3 *100
= 38 / 368 *100
= 10.32 %
Result:
Impact value of coarse aggregate is 10.32 %.
It should not be Exceed than 45 % for non-wearing surface.
It should not be Exceed than 30 % for wearing surface.

5.1.3.2 Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate :
Sr. No. IS Sieve Size Weight Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative

Retained weight percentage percentage
(gm) retained retained Passing
1. 40 mm 0 0 0 100
2. 20 mm 590 590 11.8 88.2
3. 12.5 mm 890 1480 29.6 70.4
4. 10 mm 3130 4610 92.2 7.8
5. 6.3 mm 300 4910 98.2 7.8
6. 4.75 mm 78 4988 99.76 0.24
7. 2.36 mm 0 4988 99.76 0.24
8. 1.18 mm 0 4988 99.76 0.24
9. Residue 12 5000 100 0
10. Total =5000 629.28
Table No. 5.1.3.2 Fineness modulus test
Total weight of sample taken for sieving W= 5 KG
Fineness modulus: = ( Sum of cumulative % retained ) / 100
= 629.28 / 100
= 6.29

5.1.3.3 Specific gravity of Coarse aggregate:
➢ About 2 kg of aggregate sample (W1) is washed thoroughly to remove fines, drained

and placed in wire basket.
➢ And immersed in distilled water at a temperature between 22- 32º C and a cover of at
least 5cm of water above the top of basket.
➢ Immediately after immersion the entrapped air is removed from the sample by lifting
the basket containing it 25 mm above the base of the tank and allowing it to drop at the
rate of about one drop per second.
➢ The basket and aggregate should remain completely immersed in water for a period of
24 hour afterwards.
➢
The basket and the sample are weighed while suspended in water at a temperature of
22° – 32°C. The weight while suspended in water is noted ( W2)
➢
The basket and aggregates are removed from water and allowed to drain for a few
minutes, after which the aggregates are transferred to the dry absorbent clothes.
➢ The empty basket is then returned to the tank of water jolted 25 times and weighed in
water(W3).
➢ The aggregates placed on the absorbent clothes are surface dried till no further moisture
could be removed by this cloth.
➢ Then the aggregates are transferred to the second dry cloth spread in single layer and
allowed to dry for at least 10 minutes until the aggregates are completely surface dry.
➢ The surface dried aggregate is then weighed (W3).

➢
The aggregate is placed in a shallow tray and kept in an oven maintained at a
temperature of 110° C for 24 hrs. It is then removed from the oven, cooled in an air
tight container and weighted (W4).

Data :
Weight of saturated surface dry aggregate (W1) = 2000 gm
Weight of aggregate suspended in water with basket (W2) = 1324 gm
Weight of basket suspended in water (W3) = 7 gm
Weight of saturated aggregate in water (W2 – W3) = (W5) (1324 –7 ) = 1317 gm
Weight of oven dried aggregate (W4) = 1990 gm
Calculation :
W4
Specific gravity =
W1 – w5
1990
=
(2000 – 1317)
= 2.62
Result :
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.62

5.1.3.4 Water absorption of coarse aggregate
Data :
Weight of saturated aggregate (W1) 2000 gm.
Weight of oven dry aggregate in air

(W2) = 1990 gm.
Calculation :
Water absorption = W1 – W4 /W4 *100
= 2000 – 1990 /1990 *100
= 0.50 %
❖ Water absorption of coarse aggregate is 0.50 %

5.1.3.5 Abrasion Test On coarse aggregate:
Procedure:
In this method, the specified weight, 5 to 10 kg, of the aggregate sample is taken. The aggregate
is placed in the cylinder of the Los Angeles machine along with the abrasion charge.
The cylinder is rotated at the rate of 20 to 33 rpm. for the specified number of total revolutions
(500 to 1000) depending upon the grade of sample. The aggregate is then sieved on a 1.7 mm
sieve.
The weight of the aggregates passing through this sieve is found out and is expressed as the
percentage of the original weight of the sample, which gives the abrasion value of the aggregate.
The abrasion value, thus determined, should not be more than 16% for concrete aggregates as
per IS required.
Data :
• Weight of sample ( W ) = 5000 gm.
• Weight Retain on 1.7 mm sieve ( W1 ) = 880 gm.
Calculation :
Abrasion Value = ( W1 ) / ( W ) * 100
= 880 / 5000 * 100
= 17.6 %

Fig No. 5.1.3.5 Abrasion test on Coarse aggregate

5.1.3.6 Flakiness index and Elongation Index :

Procedure:
1. A quantity of aggregate shall be taken sufficient to provide the minimum
number of 200 pieces of any fraction to be tested.
2. The sample shall be sieved with the sieves specified.
3. Separation of Flaky material- Each fraction shall be gauged in turn for
thickness on a metal gauge or in bulk on sieves having elongated slots. The
width of the slot used in the gauge or sieve shall be of the dimensions
specified for the appropriate size of material.
4. The total amount passing the gauge shall be weighed to an accuracy of at
least 0.1 percent of the weight of the test sample.
5. The Flakiness Index is the total weight of the material passing the various
thickness gauges or sieves, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of
the sample gauged.
6. Separation of Elongated Material- Each fraction shall be gauged individually
for length on a metal length gauge. The gauge length used shall be that
specified for the appropriate size of material.
7. The total amount retained by the length gauge shall be weighed to an
accuracy of at least 0.1 percent of the weight of the test sample.
8. The elongation index is the total weight of the material retained on the
various length gauges, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the
sample gauged.

Mass of Mass of Weight of Weight of

Sieve size aggregate aggregate aggregate aggregate
(mm) in each passing retained retained
fraction(A) through X=(B/A)*100 on on length Y=(D/C)*100
thickness thickness gauge(D)
gauge(B) gauge
(mm)
20-16mm 2080 276 1804 255
16-12.5mm 800 106 694 99
12.5-10mm 430 56 374 54
10-6.3mm 170 22 148 21
Total 3480 460 13.21 % 3020 429 14.20 %
Table No.5.1.3.6 Flakiness index and Elongation index
Results: Flakiness Index = 13.21 %
Elongation Index = 14.20 %
Fig No.5.1.3.6 Flakiness index and Elongation index

5.1.4 Test on bricks waste aggregate:
5.1.4.1 Impact value of waste brick aggregate :
Procedure :
• The aggregate comprising the test sample shall be dried in an oven for a period of four
hours at a temperature of 100 to 110°C and cooled.
• The measure shall be filled about one-third full with the aggregate and tamped with 25
strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod.
• Take a empty weight of cylinder ante it as (W1).
• Take a weight of cylinder + aggregate and note it as (W2).
• Determine the net weight of the aggregates to the nearest gram (W3).
• Remove the crushed aggregate from the cup and sieve it through 2.36 mm IS sieves
until no further significant amount passes in one minute.
• Weight the fraction passing the sieve to an accuracy of 1 gm (W4). The fraction
retained in the sieve is weighted.
Data:
Weight of empty cylindrical cup (W1) = 798 gm
Weight of cylinder + aggregate (W2) = 1056 gm
W2 – W1 =W3 ( 1166-798)=368 = 258 gm
Weight retained on 10 mm sieve (W4) = 65 gm
Impact value = W4 / W3 *100
= 65 / 258 * 100
= 25.19 %

5.1.4.2 Fineness Modulus test:
Sr. No. IS Sieve Size Weight Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative

Retained weight retained percentage percentage
(gm) retained Passing
40 mm 0 0 0 100
1. 20 mm 570 570 11.4 88.6
2. 12.5 mm 865 1435 28.7 71.3
3. 10 mm 3100 4535 90.7 9.3
4. 6.3 mm 270 4805 96.1 3.9
5. 4.75 mm 75 4880 97.6 2.4
6. 2.36 mm 0 4880 97.6 2.2
7. 1.18 mm 0 4880 97.6 2.4
8. Residue 120 5000 100 0
9 Total =5000 =619.7
Table No.5.1.4.2 Fineness modulus of waste bricks aggregate
Total weight of sample taken for sieving W= 5 KG
Fineness modulus: = ( Sum of cumulative % retained ) / 100
= 619.7 / 100
= 6.19

Specific gravity of waste brick aggregate.
Weight of saturated surface dry aggregate ( W1) = 2000 gm
Weight of aggregate suspended in water with basket ( W2)=1237 gm
Weight of basket suspended in water ( W3) = 7 gm
Weight of saturated aggregate in water ( W2 – W3 ) = (W5) ( 1237 – 7 )=1230 gm
Weight of oven dried aggregate (W4) = 1753 gm
Specific gravity = W4 / ( W1 – W5 )
= 1753 / ( 2000 – 1230 )
= 2.27
Water absorption of brick waste aggregate :
Water absorption = W1 – W4 / W4 *100
= 2000 – 1753 / 1753 * 100
= 8.11 %

5.1.4.4 Abrasion test on waste bricks aggregate :
Procedure :
In this method, the specified weight, 5 to 10 kg, of the aggregate sample is taken.
The aggregate is placed in the cylinder of the Los Angeles machine along with the
abrasion charge (a number of steel balls).
The cylinder is rotated at the rate of 20 to 33 r.p.m. for the specified number of total
revolutions (500 to 1000) depending upon the grade of sample. The aggregate is then
sieved on a 1.7 mm IS sieve.
The weight of the aggregates passing through this sieve is found out and is expressed as
the percentage of the original weight of the sample, which gives the abrasion value of
the aggregate.
The abrasion value, thus determined, should not be more than 16% for concrete
aggregates as per IS required.
Data :
• Weight of sample (W) = 5000 gm.
• Weight Retain on 1.7 mm sieve (w) = 1963 gm.
Calculation :
Abrasion Value = (W1 / W ) * 100
= 1963 / 5000 * 100
= 39.26 %

Fig No.5.1.4.1 Abrasion test
Fig No. 5.1.4.2 Abrasion Test

5.1.4.5 Flakiness index and Elongation Index :
Mass of Mass of Weight of Weight of

Sieve size aggregate aggregate aggregate aggregate
(mm) in each passing retained on retained on
fraction(A) through X=(B/A)*100 thickness length Y=(D/C)*100
thickness gauge (gm) gauge(D)
gauge(B)
20-16mm 1520 157 1363 162
16-12.5mm 680 84 596 68
12.5-10mm 354 48 306 39
10-6.3mm 120 18 102 16
Total 2674 307 11.48 % 2367 285 12.04 %
Table No.5.1.3.6 Flakiness index and Elongation index
Results: Flakiness Index = 11.48 %
Elongation Index = 12.04 %

5.2 MIX DESIGN:
Type of cement = OPC (53 grade)

Maximum size of aggregate
Workability = 100
Specific gravity of C.A = 2.62
Specific gravity of F.A (Artificial) = 2.46
Grading of fine aggregate = Zone III
IS 456–2000 , IS 10262 Is used.
1) Target mean strength
F’ck = fck + 1.65 (S)

F’ck =15 +1.65 X (5)
F’ck =20.77 N/mm2
2) Selection of water cement ratio

W/c Ratio = 0.60
= 0.60 – 0.05 ( It can be reduced since we use admixture. )
= 0.55
3) Water content
For 20mm size aggregate =186
186 kg ( For 100 mm slump every 25 mm add 3 %
100 = 50 + 25 + 25

Water content =186+ 186 X 6/100
= 197.16 kg.
For plasticizer 20% Reduced
= ( 20/100 *197.16 ) – 197.16
= 157.72 kg.
4) Calculation of cement content
Cement content = water content/ ( W/C ratio)
=157.72 / 0.55
=286.76 Kg/m3
5) Aggregate proportion between C.A and F.A
Zone III = 0.64
W/C ratio=0.55
Every 0.05 increase it will be reduced 1%
= 0.62
Volume of fine aggregate
= 1 – Volume of coarse aggregate
= 1 – 0.62
= 0.38

6) Mix calculation
(a) Volume of concrete = 1m 3
(b) Volume of cement
= ( Mass / specific gravity ) * ( 1 / 1000 )
= ( 286.76 / 3.15 ) * ( 1 / 1000 )
= 0.091 m2
(a) Volume of water
= ( 157.72 / 1 ) * ( 1 / 1000)
= 0.157 m3
(a) Volume of admixture
Mass = ( 1.1 / 100 ) * 286.76
= 3.15
= ( 3.15 /1.12 ) * ( 1 / 10000 )
= 0.00281 m3
(c) Volume of All in aggregate
= 1 – ( 0.091 + 0.157 + 0.00281 )
=0.750

(d) Mass of coarse aggregate
= Volume of all in aggregate * Sp. gr. of C.A * volume of C.A * 1000
= 0.750 * 2.62 * 0.62 * 1000
= 1218.30 kg
(a) Mass of fine aggregate
= 0.750 * 2.46 * 0.38 * 1000
= 701.10 kg
Material Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Water
Quantity 286.76 kg/m3 701.10 kg/m3 1218.30 kg/m3 157.72
Proportion 1 2.44 4.24 0.55
Table No 5.2.1.1 Mix design for M 15
• Quantity for one cube
1) Cement = 286.76 * (0.15) 3

= 0.967 kg.
2) Fine aggregate = 701.10 * ( 0.15 ) 3
= 2.36 kg.
3) Coarse aggregate = 1218.30 * ( 0.15 ) 3
= 4.11 kg.
4) Water = 0.967 * 0.55
= 0.531 L
= 531 ml

5.2.2 Design for M20 Grade
Type of cement = OPC (53 grade)
Maximum size of aggregate = 20mm
Workability = 100
Specific gravity of C.A = 2.62
Specific gravity of F.A = 2.46
Grading of fine aggregate = Zone III
IS 456–2000 , IS 10262 Is used.
1) Target mean strength
F’ck = fck + 1.65 (S)
F’ck =15 +1.65 X (4)
F’ck =26.6 N/mm2
2) Selection of water cement ratio
W/c Ratio = 0.55
= 0.55– 0.05 ( It can be reduced since we use admixture. )
= 0.50

3) Water content
For 20mm size aggregate =186
186 kg ( For 100 mm slump every 25 mm add 3 %
100 = 50 + 25 + 25
Water content =186+ 186 X 6/100
= 197.16 kg.
For plasticizer 20% Reduced
= ( 20/100 *197.16 ) – 197.16
= 157.72 kg.
4) Calculation of cement content
Cement content = water content/ ( W/C ratio)
=157.72 / 0.55
=315.45 Kg/m3
5) Aggregate proportion between C.A and F.A
Zone III = 0.64
W/C ratio=0.55
Every 0.05 increase it will be reduced 1%
= 0.64 – 0.01
=0.63

Volume of fine aggregate
= 1 – Volume of coarse aggregate
= 1 – 0.63
= 0.37
6) Mix calculation
(a) Volume of concrete = 1m 3
(b) Volume of cement
= ( 315.45 / 3.15 ) * ( 1 / 1000 )
= 0.100 m2
(a) Volume of water
= ( 157.72 / 1 ) * ( 1 / 1000)
= 0.157 m3
(a) Volume of admixture

Mass = ( 1.1 / 100 ) * 286.76
= 3.46
= ( 3.46 /1.12 ) * ( 1 / 10000 )
= 0.0030 m3

(e) Volume of All in aggregate
= 1 – ( b +c + d )
= 1 – ( 0.100 + 0.157 + 0.0030 )
=0.740
(f) Mass of coarse aggregate
= 0.740 * 2.62 * 0.63 * 1000
= 1221.44 kg
(a) Mass of fine aggregate
= 0.740 * 2.46 * 0.37 * 1000
= 673.54 kg
Material Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Water
Quantity 315.45 kg/m3 673.54 kg/m3 1221.44 kg/m3 157.72
Proportion 1 2.13 3.87 0.50
Table No. 5.2.2.1 Mix design for M 20

• Quantity for one cube
5) Cement = 315.45 * (0.15) 3
= 1.06 kg.
6) Fine aggregate = 673.54 * ( 0.15 ) 3
= 2.27kg.
7) Coarse aggregate = 1221.44 * ( 0.15 ) 3
= 4.12 kg.
8) Water = 1.06 * 0.50
= 0.530 L
= 530 ml

The methodology will be adopted as follows:
This presents the details of development of the process of making waste bricks based
concrete. The materials that are required for making the waste bricks based concrete, coarse
aggregates, sand and the waste brick coarse aggregate as per design of mix proportion are clearly
mentioned in a tabular format as per Preparation, Casting and Curing of waste brick based
Concrete.
5.3 Mix proportion :
The batching of all ingredients was performed by weight. The sand was
air dried in the laboratory before mixing. First the surface of damped with water then all the
aggregate ( natural coarse aggregate ,fine aggregate and waste bricks aggregate ) were spread on
the surface area till the aggregate. After through mixing of aggregate cement was introduced on
the ground surface and water were added slowly as per W/C ratio. The concrete was mixed for
approximately three minutes after the water was added.
Fig No. 5.3.1 Mix proportion

5.4 Test on fresh concrete

5.4.1 Slump cone test :
Slump test is most commonly used method of measuring consistency of concrete which can be
employed either in laboratory or at site of work. It is not a suitable method for a very wet or very
dry concrete. If one half of the cone slide down, it is called shear slump. In case of a shear slump
the slump value is measured as the different in height between the height of the mould and the
average value of the subsidence.
Procedure :
1. The internal surface of the mold is thoroughly clean and applied with a light coat of oil.
2. The mould is placed on a smooth, horizontal, rigid and nonabsorbent surface.
3. The mould is the filled in four layers with freshly mixed concrete, each approximately.to
one-fourth of the height of the mould
4. Each layer is tamped 25 times by the rounded end of tamping rod (strokes are distributed
evenly over the cross section).
5. After the top layer is rodded, the concrete is struck of the level with a trowel
6. The mould is remove direction from the concrete immediately by raising it slowly in
vertical.
7. The difference in level between the height of the mould and that of the highest point of the
subsidence concrete is measured.
8. This difference in height in mm is the slump of the concrete.

Fig No. 5.4.1.1 Slump cone test
Fig No. 5.4.1.2 Slump cone test

Result :
❖ Slump cone Test for M 15 grade
Replacement % Without admixture With admixture
0% 30 mm 135 mm
20 % 40 mm 130 mm
30% 35 mm 120 mm
Table No. 5.4.1.1 Results of slump cone test
❖ Slump cone value for M 20 grade
0% 25 mm 75 mm
20 % 32 mm 110 mm
30% 50 mm 180 mm
Table No. 5.4.1.2 Results of slump cone test

5.4.2 Compaction Factor Test:
The compaction factor test is designed primarily for use in laboratory but it can also be used in
the field. It is more precise and sensitive than the slump test and particularly useful for concrete
is to be compacted by vibration.
PROCEDURE:
1)The sample of concrete is placed in the upper hopper up to the brim.

2)The trap door is opened so that the concrete falls into the lower hopper.
3)The trap door of lower hopper is opened and the concrete is allowed to fall into the cylinder.
4)The excess concrete remaining above the top level of cylinder is then cut off with the help of
trowel.
5)The concrete in the cylinder is weighed. This is known as weight of partially compacted
concrete.
6)The cylinder is filled with a fresh sample of concrete and vibrated to obtained full
compaction.
7)The concrete in the cylinder is weighed again. This weight is known as the weight of fully
compacted concrete.
Compaction factor = ( Weight of partially compacted concrete )
( Weight of fully compacted concrete.)

Fig No. 5.4.2.1 Compaction Factor Test
Fig No. 5.4.2.2 Compaction Factor Test

Results :
❖ Compaction factor Test for M 15 grade
0% 0.90 0.92
20 % 0.87 0.88
30% 0.84 0.87
Table No. 5.4.2.1 Results of Compaction Factor
❖ Compaction tactor value for M 20 grade
0% 0.84 0.89
20 % 0.82 0.85
30% 0.81 0.84
Table No. 5.4.2.2 Results of Compaction Factor

Compaction factor M15

0.94
0.92
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.8
0% 20% 30%
without admixture With Admixture
Graph No. 5.4.2.1 Compaction Factor M 15

X Axis = Compaction Factor
Y Axis = % Replacement
Compaction factor M20

0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.8
0.78
0.76
0% 20% 30%
Without admixture With Admixture
Graph No. 5.4.2.2 Compaction Factor M 20

X Axis = Compaction Factor

5.5 MIX CASTING :

It is found that the waste brick-bats based Concrete is dark in color and is cohesive. The
amount of water in the mixture plays an important role on the behavior of fresh concrete. When
the mixing time is long, mixtures with high water content bled and segregation of aggregates and
the paste occurred. This phenomenon is usually followed by low compressive strength of Hardened
concrete. From the preliminary work, it was decided to observe the following standard process of
mixing in all further Studies.
• Take the suitable proportion of the ingredients of the concrete.
• Spread the fine aggregate on the ground,
• After that put the coarse aggregate as well as Waste brick aggregate.
• After that add the water in suitable quantity.
• And continue the wet mixing for another four minutes.
• Then the fresh prepared mix was casted standard cube moulds.
Fig No. 5.5.1 Casting of Cubes.

5.6 Curing :
For most of the works cubical molds of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm are commonly
used. This concrete is poured in the mold and appropriately tempered so as not to have any
voids. After 24 hours, molds are removed, and test specimens are put in water for curing.
Curing is the process of controlling the rate and extent of moisture loss from concrete
during cement hydration.
All the mounds were cured by immersing in a curing tank in the lab. The specimens
were brought out from water approximately 24 hours before testing and kept at room temperature
till testing.
Fig No. 5.6.1 Curing of concrete cubes

5.7 Compressive strength test :
PROCEDURE:
1. This test is carried out by preparing test cubes or test cylinders from the freshly prepared
concrete.
2. The cube molds are made for specimen size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm and cylinder have 15cm
diameter and 30 cm height.
3. The metal molds can be assembled and taken apart by bolted or unbolting.
4. The concrete is hand compacted or machine vibrated.
5. The specimens are covered with wet gunny bags for 24 hours and then immersed in curing
tank containing fresh, clean water.
6. These are kept in water for 3, 7,and 28 days and then taken out and tested under
7. compression testing machine or under Universal Testing Machine (U.T.M.)
8. The failure load divided by c/s area, i.e. 225cm² gives the ultimate compressive strength of
the cubes.
9. Two cubes each of 3, 7 and 28 days curing are tested and can give a good idea about the rate
of increase of strength.
9. Rapid hardening concrete shows about 90% strength gain in the first 7 days and remaining
gain in the days thereafter.
10. Thus from the 3,7and 28 days tests the pattern of strength acquiring can be studied and
modified if needed.
11. The co-relation of test results is done by testing at least 2 specimen and preferably 3
specimens at each curing period.
12. The durability, impermeability and other characteristic can be roughly interpreted from the
test results.

Fig No. 5.7.1 Compressive Strength Test
Fig No. 5.7.2 Compressive Strength Test

6.0 RESULT
1) 0 % Replacement of aggregate: ( M15 Grade )

SR.
NO. Description Size Load in KN Compressive Average in
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 225.150 10.00
2. 7 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 268.130 11.91 10.65 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 226.100 10.04
Table No.6.1 Compressive Strength (0%) 7 Days

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 145.120 6.44
2. 7 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 172.200 7.65 7.18 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 169.130 7.55

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 107.100 4.76
2. 7 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 101.140 4.49 5.20 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 143.130 6.36


SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 266.120 11.82
2. 14 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 270.100 12.31 11.79 N/mm2
Compressive
3. 150×150 ×150 mm 255.140 11.25
Strength

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 216.200 9.60
2. 14 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 227.160 10.09 10.41 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 260.120 11.56
Table No.6.5 Compressive Strength (20%) 14Days

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 157.200 6.98
2. 14 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 179.140 7.96 7.07 N/mm2
Compressive
3. 150×150 ×150 mm 141.170 6.27
Strength


SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 385.400 17.12
2. 28 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 384.650 17.09 16.30 N/mm2
Compressive
3. 150×150 ×150 mm 330.950 14.70
Strength

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 320.250 14.23
2. 28 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 330.400 14.68 14.24N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 310.900 13.81

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 188.950 8.39
2. 28 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 294.700 13.09 10.90 N/mm2
Compressive
3. 150×150 ×150 mm 252.350 11.21
Strength

6.2 Compressive Strength M 20 Grade

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 230.140 10.22
2. 7 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 253.100 11.24 10.40 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 219.160 9.74
Table No.6.2.1 Compressive Strength (0%) 7 Days

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 185.250 8.23
2. 7 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 103.650 4.60 6.44 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 146.350 6.50

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 120.900 5.37
2. 7 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 130.400 5.79 5.80 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 140.700 6.25


SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 347.200 15.43
2. 14 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 324.700 14.43 14.85 N/mm2
Compressive
3. 150×150 ×150 mm 330.650 14.69
Strength
20) % Replacement of aggregate: ( M20 Grade )

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 242.350 10.77
2. 14 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 224.250 9.96 10.48 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 241.700 10.74
3) 30 % Replacement of aggregate: ( M20 Grade

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 175.400 7.79
2. 14 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 183.450 8.15 8.01 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 182.650 8.11


SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 430.750 19.44
2. 28 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 460.450 20.46 20.22 N/mm2
Compressive
3. 150×150 ×150 mm 474.030 21.06
Strength

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 390.900 17.37
2. 28 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 361.400 16.06 17.02 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 396.900 17.64

SR.
Strength In N/mm2
N/mm2
1. 150×150 ×150 mm 310.900 13.81
2. 28 Days 150×150 ×150 mm 203.900 9.06 11.35 N/mm2
Compressive
3. Strength 150×150 ×150 mm 252.350 11.21

Compressive Strength (M15)
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0% 20% 30%
7 DAY 14 DAY 28 DAY
Graph No.6.1 Compressive Strength M 15 Grade

X Axis = Compressive Strength
Compressive Strength (M20)
25
20
15
10
0
0% 20% 30%
7 DAYS 14DAYS 28 DAYS
Graph No.6.2 Compressive Strength M 20 Grade

X Axis = Compressive Strength

sample Identification . M-15 28 days 0%

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 28 days 0%
Machine Universal Testing Machine SERVO 1000 kN
Input Data File Name : A 1

Sample Type : Rectangular Bar
Width : 150 mm Thickness : 150 mm
Height : 150 mm Final Height: 143 mm
Testing with Elongation Rate 5 mm/min
Results of Compression Test

Maximum Force (Fm) . 385.400 kN
Disp. at Fm • 8.540 mm Max. Disp.
9.760 mm c/s Area (So) •22,500 mm
Compressive Strength 17.129 MPa
Graph Load Vs Displacement
400.000
360.000
320.000
280.000
240.000
200.000
160.000
Load
120.000
80.000
40.000
YO=O.OOO 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-15 28 days 0%

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 28 days 0%
Input DataFile Name : B Record No. 1

Width : 150 mmThickness : 150 mm
Height : 150 mmFinal Height: 143 mm

Maximum Force (Fm) . 384.650 kN Disp.
at Fm • 5.700 mm Max. Disp. 6.910 mm
c/s Area (So) • 22,500.000 mm

400.000
360.000
320.000
280.000
240.000
200.000
160.000
Load
120.000
80.000
40.000
YO=O.OOO 0.70 1.40 2.10 2.80 3.50 4.20 4.90 5.60 6.30 7.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm


sample Identification . M-15 (C) 28 days 0%

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 (C) 28 days 0%
Input DataFile Name : C Record No. 1


7.410 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500 mm
400.000
360.000
320.000
280.000
240.000
200.000
160.000
Load
120.000
80.000
40.000
YO=O.OOO 0.80 1.60 2.40 3.20 4.00 4.80 5.60 6.40 7.20 8.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-15 (A) 28 days 20 %

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 (A) 28 days 20 %
Input Data File Name : P Record No. . 1


Disp. at Fm • 7.470 mm Max. Disp. 8.910
mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500 mm
400.000
360.000
320.000
280.000
240.000
200.000
160.000
Load
120.000
80.000
40.000
YO=O.OOO 0.90 1.80 2.70 3.60 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-15 ( B) 28 days

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 ( B) 28 days 20 %
Input Data File Name : Q Record No. 1

7.150 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500.000
mm
Compressive Strength= 14.68 MPa
390.000
360.000
330.000
300.000
210.000
150.000
120.000
Load
90.000
60.000
30.000
YO=O.OOO 0.80 1.60 2.40 3.20 4.00 4.80 5.60 6.40 7.20 8.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm


sample Identification . M-15 ( C) 28 days

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 ( C) 28 days 20 %
Input DataFile Name : R Record No. 1

10.480 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500.000
mm
360.000
330.000
300.000
270.000
210.000
150.000
120.000
Load
90.000
60.000
30.000
YO=O.OOO 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-15 (A) 28 days

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 (A) 28 days 30 %
Input Data File Name : X Record No. . 1


11.030 mm c/s Area (So) •
22,500.000 mm

200.000
180.000
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
Load
60.000
40.000
20.000
YO=O.OOO 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-15 (B) 28 days 30 %

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 (B) 28 days 30 %
Input Data File Name : Y Record No. 1


7.950 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500mm
300.000
270.000
240.000
210.000
180.000
150.000
120.000
Load
90.000
60.000
30.000
YO=O.OOO 0.80 1.60 2.40 3.20 4.00 4.80 5.60 6.40 7.20 8.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-15 (C) 28 days

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-15 (C) 28 days 30 %
Input Data File Name : Z Record No. 1


8.710 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500.000
mm
300.000
270.000
240.000
210.000
180.000
150.000
120.000
Load
90.000
60.000
30.000
YO=O.OOO 0.90 1.80 2.70 3.60 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-20 (1) 28 days 0%

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-20 (1) 28 days 0%
Input Data File Name :A Record No. 1


8.770 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500.000
mm
450.000
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
230.000
200.000
Load
150.000
100.000
50.000
YO=O.OOO 0.90 1.80 2.70 3.60 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm



Part description
Part Number
Input Data File Name : B Record No. 1


Maximum Force (Fm)= 460.450 kN
5.410 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500 mm
500.000
450.000
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
Load
150.000
100.000
50.000
YO=O.OOO 0.60 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.60 4.20 4.80 5.40 6.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm


Part description
Part Number
Input Data File Name : C Record No. 1


Disp. at Fm 10.560 mm Max. Disp. 12.130
mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500.000 mm
500.000
450.000
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000 Load
150.000
100.000
50.000
YO=O.OOO 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-20 (1) 28 days

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-20 (1) 28 days 20 %
Input Data File Name : P Record No. 1


8.190 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500 mm
Compressive Strength=17.37 MPa
500.000
450.000
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
Load
150.000
100.000
50.000
YO=O.OOO 0.90 1.80 2.70 3.60 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-20 (2) 28 days 20 %

Part description
Part Number
Input DataFile Name : Q Record No. 1


5.300 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500 mm
400.000
360.000
320.000
280.000
240.000
200.000
160.000
Load
120.000
80.000
40.000
YO=O.OOO 0.60 1.20 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.60 4.20 4.80 5.40 6.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm


Part description
Part Number
Input DataFile Name : R Record No. 1


8.590 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500 mm

500.000
450.000
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
Load
150.00
100.000
50.00
YO=O.OOO 0.90 1.80 2.70 3.60 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

sample Identification . M-20 ( 1) 28 days

Part description
Part Number
Sample IdentificationM-20 ( 1) 28 days 30 %
Input DataFile Name : 30 % 1 Record No. 1

10.480 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500 mm
360.000
330.000
300.000
270.000
210.000
150.000
120.000
Load
90.000
60.000
30.000
YO=O.OOO 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm



Part description
Part Number
Input Data File Name : 30 % 2 Record No. 1


8.570 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500mm
300.000
270.000
240.000
210.000
180.000
150.000
120.000
Load
90.000
60.000
30.000
YO=O.OOO 0.90 1.80 2.70 3.60 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm


Part description
Part Number
Input Data File Name : 30 % 3 Record No. 1


8.710 mm c/s Area (So) • 22,500.mm
300.000
270.000
240.000
210.000
180.000
150.000
120.000
Load
90.000
60.000
30.000
YO=O.OOO 0.90 1.80 2.70 3.60 4.50 5.40 6.30 7.20 8.10 9.00 xo=o.ooo
Displacement mm

CONCLUSION
After the completion of project and final testing of cubes after 28 days And on the
basis of results obtained during the experimental investigation, following.
➢ The compaction factor decreased as the percentage of waste bricks

increased.
➢ The unit weight also decreased as the percentage of waste bricks increases
in comparison with conventional concrete.
➢ Concrete made by using waste bricks as a coarse aggregate, it gives better
strength for replacement of 20 %
➢ Compressive strength was decreases after adding 30 % of waste bricks
aggregate by the replacement of stone aggregate.
➢ It gives high strength in M15 grade of concrete as compared to M20 grade
of concrete.
➢ We conclude that waste bricks aggregate is suitable up to 20 %.
➢ In case of 30 % it not gives require strength so we cannot used.
➢ Use of such waste materials not only cuts down the cost of construction,
but also contributes in safe disposal of waste materials.

REFERENCES
1. Mr.G..S.Patil Mr.P.B.Autade international Journal of Engineering Research and

General Science Volume 3, Issue 4, Part-2, July-( August, 2015.) Effect of partial
replacement of coarse Aggregate by jhama class brick in concrete.
2. Dr.M.N Hirenath , Mr . SJ international journal of science Technology And

engineering |volume 4 | Issue 2 |( Augest 2017) Replacement of coarse aggregate
by demolished brick waste in Concrete .
3. Akshay N kadu , PM kulkarni International journal of innovative Research in

science Engineering and technology | Volume 9 | | Issue 7 | (July 2020 .) Used of
partial replacement of over Burnt brick.
4. Bidve ganesh shivkant , G.N. shete international journal of Research in

engineering science and management | volume | | Issue 4 | (April 2019.)
Experimental study on effect of partial Replacement of coarse aggregate by over
burnt brick.
5. Vikash Kumar Gautam , Mr. Devesh jayasawal international Journal for

research in engineering application and management | Volume 4 | | issue 2 | (May
2018. ) Use of over burnt crushed Brick as coarse aggregate in concrete mix.
6. kumar nilesh , saxena anil kumar ,Sonu gourav international Journal of advance
research , idea innovation in technology | Volume 3 |. | Issue 6 | ( 2017 ) Analysis
of concrete made From over burned bricks.

7. Durga Chaitanya kumar international journal of emerging Technology in

engineering research | volume 8 | | issue 12 | ( December 2020 ) Alternative coarse
aggregate in concrete.
8. Gopinandan Dey and jayant pal international journal of Engineering and

technology | volume 5 | No 4 (August 2013) Use Of brick aggregate in standard
concrete and it's performance in Elevated temperature
9. Apebo N.S. ,Agunwamba J.C the suitability of crushed over burnt Brick as
coarse aggregate . International journal of engineering Science And innovative
technology | volume 3 | | issue 1 |( 2014).
10. Bazaz J.B , khayati M property And performance of concrete Made with
recycled low quality crushed brick. journal of material In civil engineering |
volume 24| PP 330 -338- ( 2012).
11. Mansur, M. A., Wee,T. H., and Lee, S. C. (1999).Crushed brick as coarse
aggregate for concrete.” ACI Mater. J.., 96(4)pp,478-484.
12. R. V. Silva, R.K. dhir., (2014) ,Properties and composition of recycled

aggregate from construction and demolition waste suitable for concrete
production” construction and building material pp 201-217.



Group No 18 Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Group No 18 Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Experimental study on effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregate by waste bricks.

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 1

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 2

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 3

The proposed work is based on the following objectives:

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 4

4.1 Cement:( Ordinary Portland cement )

Fig No. 4.1.1 Cement

TABLE 4.1.1 Properties of Cement

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 5

4.2 Fine aggregate :

Fig No. 4.2.1 Fine aggregate

Sr. Characteristic value

Table No. 4.2.1 Properties of Fine aggregate

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 6

4.3 Coarse aggregate :

Fig No. 4.3.1 Coarse Aggregate

Sr. Characteristic Value

Table No. 4.3.1 Properties of coarse aggregate

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 7

4.4 Waste brick materials

Fig No. 4.4.1 Waste Bricks Aggregate

Sr. Properties Brick waste aggregate

3. Water absorption 8.11 %

4. Fineness modulus 6.19

5. Abrasion value 39.26 %

6. Flakiness & Elongation Index 11.48 % 12.04 %

Table 4.4.1 Properties of Waste bricks aggregate

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 8

5.1 Test on material:

5.1.1 TEST ON CEMENT

5.1.2 TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE

5.1.3 TEST ON COARSE AGGREGATE

5.1.4 Test on brick waste aggregate

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 9

5.1.1 TEST ON CEMENT

5.1.1.1. Fineness of cement..

• Fineness of cement should not be more than 10%.

• Fineness modulus is 4%. hence it can be used in our project.

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 10

5.1.1.2 Standard consistency Test:

1) Weight of sample = 400 gm.

Weight of water = 33 / 100 * 400

Standard consistency = Weight of water / Weight of cement * 100

= 132 / 400 * 100

• Standard Consistency of cement = 33 %.

• The standard Consistency of OPC Cement is Varies Between 25 – 35 %.

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 11

5.1.1.3 Initial setting time

For ordinary Portland cement, The initial setting time is 30 minutes.

➢ Take 400 gm of cement and place it in a bowl or tray.

= 28.05 /100 * 400

• Initial setting time of setting is 48 minutes.

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 12

Fig No. 5.1.1.1 Fineness of cement

Fig No. 5.1.1.3 Initial setting time of cement

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 13

5.1.1.4 Final setting time

Fig No. 5.1.1.4 Final Setting time

Metropolitan Institute of Technology &Management, Oros, 2021-2022. Page 14

5.1.2 TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE

5.1.2.1 Fineness modulus of fine aggregate.