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Fishing Operations
Fishing Operations
Fishing Operations
com/
Module – 11
Drilling Problems
& Solutions
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Schlumberger Private
Section – 3
Fishing Operations
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Fishing Concepts
Fish
Any object dropped or stuck in a well that interferes with normal operations.
Fishing Job
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The operation of removing these objects – specialized field of expertise
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• Open Hole
• Cased Hole
Fishing Tools
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Specially designed tools for engaging down hole tubulars and recovering them to the
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surface
Fishing Economics
Most effective way for determining optimum fishing time and cost
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0.0500
The curve shows the
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Optimum Fishing Time. 0.0450
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The red and yellow bars
display the range for
0.0400
0.0350
Optimum
minimum and maximum
Fishing Time
Probability
0.0300
OFTs dependant on the
confidence level entered.
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0.0150 l.c
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0.0100
range!
0.0050
0.0000
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Time (days)
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Schlumberger Private
STUCK PIPE
ACUMM COST
NOT RECOVERY: PROB. OF SUCCESS 90%
74.9 K
224.0 K
Fishing Operations
PREVENTION is the first important step to avoid fishing jobs from happening.
“The most economical method of fishing is to develop a plan that precludes factors
and operations that may result in fishing”. C.S Adkins – Economics of Fishing
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Schlumberger Private
• There is a set of fishing rules that apply every time:
• Get as much information as possible of well condition (status)
• BHA information (lengths, OD, ID, fishing neck, etc.)
• Casing (Depth, OD, ID, Weight)
• Open Hole (Size, depth)
• Well trajectory (surveys)
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• Tight spots / Washout (Caliper log)
Fishing Tools
• Every well will dictate the tool, there is no one tool to cure all
• Run fishing assembly at moderate speed
• Could cause lost circulation
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• Might hit a tight place and become stuck
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• When POOH don’t create a swabbing action
• When washing over or washing down
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• Be sure if you are getting enough cuttings out to offset the
amount you are washing. If you are not, then it is possible to
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build a bridge above the tools and become stuck
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Unscrew the pipe at a selected threaded joint above the stuck point using an explosive
run on wireline inside or outside the pipe.
“Back-Off” can be “electric” or “mechanic” depending on the procedure and tools used
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• “Back-off” is performed if the fishing plan asks for screwing a tool or fishing
assembly into the thread of pipe or BHA component left stuck in the hole
•
•
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Drill pipe, drill collars and other drilling tools generally have large coarse threads
that are more suitable for disconnection
“Back-off” on tubing is difficult because threads are generally fine and longer
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• A “string shot” (explosive cord wrapped around a steel bar) is used to loosen the
threads and sometimes it is sufficient to knock the pipe free
• Additional “back-off” of sections of tubing strings left stuck inside casing can be
done with the assistance of special tools (Reversing Tool) connected to the tubing,
after the first mechanic disconnection (“blind back off”)
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cuts the tubular from inside. It is run with wire line and
positioned inside the pipe body.
• More economical than the back off because it is faster!
•
•
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Safe for rig personnel since no torque of the pipe is
necessary.
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No flare or burn or swelling of the cut pipe, so it does not
need to be dressed before catching it on the outside with
an overshot or inside with a spear.
• Requires 100 ft of clean fluid above tool when fish cut is
made for a better performance.
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• Good when the well is to be abandoned
or when the cost does not allow for use
•
of the chemical cutter.
May cause damage to casing or an l.c
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adjacent string if the pipe is touching it
when the cut is made.
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4. Mechanical Cutter
Cut the pipe internally or externally using a tool equipped with a set
of knives and run on a small diameter / concentric work string
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• Not used very often since it is more economical to use wireline tools
than to run a string
•
•
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Should only be used if other options are definitely not available
Most commonly used in work over operations
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• It can be run and operated with coiled tubing
Depending on the condition of the top of the cut pipe then a fishing
tool is selected.
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• This in turn will move the slips into the engage
position, gently go down with draw-works line
while rotating at 10-20RPM and watching the
torque.
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• Free rotation with little or no reverse torque
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indicates that the cut is complete.
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• The lower guide directs the fish into
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the overshot
• The internal grapple expands to allow
the fish to pass into it
• When upward pull is exerted, the
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grapple is contracted by the tapers of
the bowl and holds fish secure
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• A packer seals off outside of the fish
allowing circulation through it as long
as the internal diameter of the fish is
not blocked.
• The tool can be released from the fish
by slacking off the string, followed by
right hand rotation
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OVERSHOT 70 series
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• This short catch overshot releases in the same way as the
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150 series overshot by firstly sharply bumping downward and
then turning with right hand rotation.
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• The Short catch overshot (series 70) allows you to catch the
outside diameter of a tubular fish which has a SHORT
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FISHNECK, for example a DP tool joint
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attempt to latch onto a fish, when everything fails.
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• When the Die collar is engaged onto the fish it is
very difficult to release because of the tool design
known. l.c
• Used when the outer diameter of the fish is not
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standard are illustrated here:
• Shoulder type mandrel
• Flush type mandrel
• Should run with bumper sub
• Set with left-hand rotation l.c
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• Release with right-hand rotation
• The bite must first be broken by sharp
downwards movement of the string the
rotate to the right
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• Run with safety joint to be able to disconnect the
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fishing string
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• Use a stop plate sub, this tool will prevent
the wireline fish from getting wrapped
around you fishing assembly higher up
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• Catch wireline near the top and have tension
the string regularly. Wireline is normally
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more compacted near bottom
• Can be used up inside a washover assembly
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Line is Intact
1. Cable Guide Method (cut and strip)
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• Choose for deep open hole situations or where radioactive
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instrument is stuck
• Safest method
• Very high success ratio
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• Cutting cable and stripping over is time consuming
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accidentally dropped
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• Use Impression blocks – if it is
unknown what the fish is or
how it is positioned in the hole.
This will aid in visualization of l.c
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how the problem may be solved
to recover the fish.
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1. Magnets
• Permanent Magnets
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• Have circulating ports around their outer edge so that any fill
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covering the junk maybe washed away
• Electromagnets
• Run on a conductor line
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• Can make quicker trips and have increased lifting power, they
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cannot reach the fish if it is covered with debris.
• Magnets will only pick up ferrous metal and cannot recover
brass, aluminum, carbide and stainless steel.
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• Catchers break core off and retrieve it along with any junk
in the bottom of the hole
•
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If the catchers snags on the junk and remains stationary the
finger will break off leaving additional junk in the hole
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• At the bottom of the body inside is a finger basket.
• Allows debris to pass one way
• Normal circulation can be used,
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• When you are ready to fish a ball is dropped
and a sleeve is moved for change the flow.
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steel cuttings, carbide inserts bit teeth and ball
bearings
• Run directly above a bit or junk mill
• Can be run in tandem 2 or 3 above each if
•
necessary
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Will only work with circulation running down the
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string and up through the annulus
• Junk basket collects loose junk in the basket due
to reduced annular velocity at the junk basket
opening.
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Skirted Mills
• Is used in milling over fish.
• Ideal in OH as the skirt acts as a very good
guide.
• Used in cased hole, the skirt protects the
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inner wall of the casing.
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milling over fish that is stuck in
open hole or in the cased hole.
• Wave pattern type,Castle type,
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etc. Depending of the leading
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edge shape.
• The leading edge is made up of
crushed tungsten.
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only to jar upwards out of the hole
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• This tool is approximately half the length of a
drilling jar
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• Drilling jars are double acting and can be used
to jar up and jar down.
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Accelerator
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Ham m er weight
drill collars
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Hydraulic Fishing Jar
Fishing tool
Fish
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Overpull
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Normal Pick-up Weight
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• Length
• Diameter
• MW
• Weight l.c
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• Tensile resistance
2. Calculate the Buoyancy factor = 1 – (MW/Steel Density)
3. Calculate the Buoyancy weights for DC and HW
4. Calculate the Buoyancy weight for DP
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Overpull Limit = DP1 Tensile Strength – W total
7. If there are more than one DP grade, then calculate the Buoyancy
Weight for DP2 and addition it to W Total calculated in step 5
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8. Calculate the Overpull limit subtracting DP2 Tensile Strength.
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9. The Overpull limit will be the minimum calculated
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DP1 3 6 1/2 '' 1 DC Corto 7.38 13.12 4 IF 4 IF 90.00
4 8 3/8" 1 Estab 4.92 18.04 4 IF 4 IF 90.00
5 6 1/2 '' 1 DC 29.53 47.57 4 IF 4 IF 90.00
6 8 3/8" 1 Estab 4.92 52.49 4 IF 4 IF 90.00
HW 7
8
6 1/2 ''
4 1/2 ''
5
3 l.c DC
HWDP
147.64
88.58
200.13
288.71
4 IF
4 IF
4 IF
4 IF
90.00
41.00
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9 6 1/4 '' 1 Jar 32.81 321.52 4 IF 4 IF 41.00
10 4 1/2 '' 15 HWDP 442.91 764.44 4 IF 4 IF 41.00
DC
11 4 1/2 '' 489 DP 4 1/2" 4,644 5,409 4 IF 4 IF 27.37
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Fishing Tools
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Fishing Tools
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With the “Cut and Thread” Procedure
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• Lower sheave must be moved away
from rotary to prevent interference with
rig floor operations and cable contact
with top drive
• Stay away from under sheave while
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derrick man hangs it
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equipment, and tightness of fishing equipment
• If available, install roller assembly on top
drive to eliminate cable rubbing; If one is not
available, have rig make one
• Do not use the Varco Wireline Adapter
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commonly known as “Bicycle Wheels”
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smoothly around the top drive
as the block is lowered
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Tension Device
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readings so that fishing
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operation is performed under
correct tension
• Do not pre-load lower sheave
with air hoist tension; Sheave l.c
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should hang freely until weight
is applied
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above rotary table
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• If hole is deviated, cut cable 10 feet
above rotary table plus 1 foot for every
1,000 feet greater than 10,000 feet
• Use proper size cable bushing in T-
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Bar and mark cable to ensure there is
no slippage
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Wire Rope Weight with Swivel
• Minimum restrictions for all drilling
hardware (jars, drill collars, and heavy
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weight) must be known to determine size of
overshot guide to use
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• Always use the largest guide that will fit
through drilling hardware
• Never use “after-market” rope sockets
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Rig Up Spear
• Never use spears which contain “W’s” in
their work order numbers
• Always use Hexagon Adapter when
stripping over;
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• Hexagon Adapter will stop on top of no-go if
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dropped accidentally
• Only use plain adapter when drill pipe ID is
too small for Hexagon Adapter and switch
back to Hexagon Adapter as soon as drilll.c
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pipe ID permits
All connections should be tightened to
• Never use “after-market” rope sockets
235 ft-lbs and retightened every 5000
ft during drill pipe RIH.
A 160 lb person standing on a 1.5 ft long pipe wrench
while tightening will produce 240 ft-lbs of torque.
Jumping on the wrench will increase the torque.
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• If fishing for AMS, use extensions to engage
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below bottle-neck section and choose
appropriate guide shoe
• ALWAYS VISUALLY INSPECT grapple for proper
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size for job and NEVER install a used grapple
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• Remove hex adapter, pass well end of cable through down hole
overshot and reinstall hex adapter
• Remember, 2 1/4” hex adapter will not pass through the smaller ID
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no-go
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prevents pulling wet drill pipe
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after disk is blown
• Install above down hole
overshot assembly
• Commonly used in the US l.c
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• Make sure minimum
restrictions are known
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Remove T-Bar
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cable tension, and remove T-
bar cable clamp
• Remove IDW and position
spooling arm to one side l.c
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cable to break
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• Afterwards, install C-plate, slack off
cable, and release overshot with
special tongs
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• When spearhead overshot is
positioned over drill pipe by the
derrick man
• Derrick man will thread overshot
assembly through drill pipe
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spear is stabbed in
spearhead overshot
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Trip In Slowly
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drive; If weights are in danger
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of hitting top drive, slack off but
do so carefully
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Stab Overshot
• Attach drain sub to second stand of
drill pipe
• Position pipe over spearhead overshot
and slack off until “the other flag ” on
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the drum is reached
• Keep hands in safe position
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• Re-tighten connections to 235 ft-lbs
every 5000 ft.
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• Slips are pulled and the
descent begins
• Do not rotate pipe in hole
• Observe tension l.c
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maximum
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• Only circulate long enough to ensure
grapple is clean
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• Never circulate too long or too fast;
cable damage will occur
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Engage Fish
• Maintain normal tension plus 1,000 to 2,000 lbs and approach fish
slowly;
• Observe tension and set at least 2,000 additional pounds on fish;
• Pull at least 2 joints of drill pipe (60’) and observe tension
• A minimum tension loss of 2,000 lbs should be observed to confirm
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latch (a tension resulting in 0 after pulling pipe would be a definite
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indication of engagement)
• Repeat this engagement procedure at least twice
• If tension does not decrease, the fish in not engaged
• DO NOT ROTATE PIPE AFTER ENGAGING FISH!!!l.c
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Schlumberger Private
unsafe)
• Afterwards, repeat engagement process
before breaking weak point to make sure tool
was not blown out the overshot l.c
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Reconfirm Engagement
• Repeat engagement process at least twice to
ensure tool is still in down hole overshot
• Again, observe tension and set at least 2,000
additional pounds on fish;
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Schlumberger Private
• Pull at least 2 joints of drill pipe (60’) and observe
tension
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• A minimum tension loss of 2,000 lbs should be
observed to confirm latch (a tension resulting in 0
oi
after pulling pipe would be a definite indication of
engagement)
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limit with block to work tension to
Schlumberger Private
weak point
• Use block to break weak point and
record tension at which break occurs
• Make sure rig floor is clear and inspectl.c
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lower sheave chain
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trouble occurs
Schlumberger Private
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• Cut off rope sockets on both well end and unit end of cable
• Tie square knot in cable, pull tight , and tape ends
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Schlumberger Private
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Spool Cable
• Observe square knot as it goes over
upper and lower sheaves
• Afterwards, reinstall IDW to measure
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cable Schlumberger
Schlumberger Private
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• DO NOT ROTATE DRILLPIPE!!!
Schlumberger Private
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At Surface
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Schlumberger Private
with air hoist, cover hole, and
finish breaking and cleaning
tools in rat hole
• Make sure air hoist is rated for l.c
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tool string
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Removing Fish
• Remove guide and bump tool
vertically against rig floor to free
grapple control
• Spin tool and grapple out of
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overshot by turning in a clockwise
Schlumberger Private
motion
• (Tool should come free without
applying excessive force)
• If another method is used to release l.c
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tool, remove electronics from
housing in overshot to minimize
damage
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• Assembly made on 15 ft of
cable piece
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Schlumberger Private
• Sinker Bars
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Schlumberger Private
l.c • Sinker Bar Assembly
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Further Information
• FishingwithSlickline.pdf
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Schlumberger Private
• ReverseCutandThread.pdf
• LoggingWhileFishingBestPractices.pdf
l.c
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