Introduction To Drill

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July 2002
https://oil-com.blogspot.com/
Drill Bits
An Introduction
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Bit Types: Character, Strengths & Weaknesses
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Prepared By:
Ian McMillan
Failure Mechanisms
– Shear Failure PDC BIT
CONTINUOUS
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SHEARING
– Compressive Failure
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ROLLER CONE BIT
CYCLIC COMPRESSION
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July 2002
Rock Strength
• Shear Strength
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• Compressive Strength
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Drilling Mechanisms
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How Drill Bits Cause Rock Failure
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Drilling Mechanisms
• Pure Shear Failure
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July 2002
Drilling Mechanisms
• Compressive and
Shear Failure
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July 2002
Cutting Elements
• Teeth and hardfacing
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July 2002
Drilling Mechanisms
• Compressive Failure
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July 2002
Cutting Elements
• Tungsten Carbide Inserts
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July 2002
Roller Cone Bits

• Rock Bits Cutting Structure Type
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• Rolling Cutter Bits Mill Tooth Insert
• Tricone Bits™
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Roller Friction
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July 2002
Bearing Types
• Roller Bearing
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Usually
sealed,
but may be
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unsealed.
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July 2002
Bearing Types
• Friction or Journal Bearing
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Always
Sealed
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July 2002
Cutting Elements
• Shear revisited -
– Polycrystalline
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Diamond Compact
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July 2002
Cutting 19 mm
16 mm
13 mm
Elements 11 mm
8 mm
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July 2002
Drilling Mechanisms
• Shear Failure
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PDC BIT
CONTINUOUS
SHEARING
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July 2002
Drilling Mechanisms
• Shear/Compressive
Failure
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NATURAL DIAMOND
OR IMPREG BIT
CONTINUOUS
CRUSHING
17 & ABRASION
July 2002
Cutting Elements
• Natural Diamonds
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– Size
– Shape
– Quality
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July 2002
Cutting Elements
• Impregnated Diamond Blades
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July 2002
Cutting Elements
• TSP (Thermally Stable PDC)
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July 2002
PDC Body Types
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STEEL BLANK
TUNGSTEN
CARBIDE
MATRIX
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Matrix Body
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July 2002
PDC Body Types
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Steel Body
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July 2002
Drilling Mechanisms
z Gouging & Scraping Milltooth
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z Chipping and Crushing Insert
z Shearing PDC
z Ploughing
z Grinding
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Impregnated Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
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A Broad Overview
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Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter
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Roller Friction
Natural Impregnated Bearing Bearing
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Alternative Names Fixed Rolling
Roller Cone Cutter Cutter
Rock Bit
Tri-Cone
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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
Drill Bits
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Fixed Rolling
Cutter Cutter

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Roller Friction
T.S.P.
Diamond Diamond
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July 2002
Bit Classification
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Application and I.A.D.C. Codes
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IADC Codes
Roller Cone Fixed Cutter
• 5-1-7 • S222
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• 1-3-5M • M419
• 1-1-1 • S313
• 8-3-7X l.c
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July 2002
Tooth
1-1
Soft
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1-3
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2-1
3
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July 2002 Hard
Teeth Inserts
Soft 4-1
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4
2 l.c
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6
7
3 8-3
38 8
July 2002 Hard
Teeth Inserts
Soft
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2 4
23 l.c
5
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6
7
3
39 8
July 2002 Hard
Teeth Inserts
Soft
1 1-3
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2 4
3 l.c
5
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6
4-1
7
40 8
July 2002 Hard
Teeth Inserts Diamond
Soft
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2 4
3 l.c
5
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6
41 8
July 2002 Hard
Teeth Inserts Diamond P.D.C.
Soft
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2 4
3 l.c
5
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6
42 8
July 2002 Hard
Teeth Inserts Diamond P.D.C. Impregnated

Diamond
Soft
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2 4
3 l.c
5
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6
43 8
July 2002 Hard
Bit Application Spectrum

PDC
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Penetration Rate
Mill Tooth
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Impreg
& N.D.
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July 2002 Formation Compressive Strength
DP
Bit Classification
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Strengths and Weaknesses
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Fixed Cutter Bits
Advantages
• Very Fast ROP
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• Long Life Potential
Considerations
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• Impact Damage
• Abrasiveness
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• Stability
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July 2002
DP
Tooth Bits
Advantages
• Fast ROP
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• Good Stability
• Economic
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• Tooth Wear Rate
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• Bearing Life
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July 2002
DP
Insert Bits
Advantages
• Cutting Structure Durability
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• Range of Formations
• Interbed Tolerance
• Steerability and Stability
Considerations
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• Slower ROP
• Bearing Life
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July 2002
DP
IMPREG and
Natural Diamond Bits
Advantages
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• Very Durable
• Hard Rock Capability
• Low Junk-in-Hole Risk
Considerations
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• Slower ROP
• RPM Sensitivity
• High Cost Applications
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July 2002
DP
Conclusion
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Questions?
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Version History
• Version 1.0 This presentation was created in its initial form in Q1 2001
for use on D & M Directional Driller Induction Courses
• Version 2.0 It was adapted in Q1 2001 for use on Reed-Hycalog ECA
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Induction Courses
• Version 2.1 Notes were added in May 2001.
• Version 2.2 Minor editing to the notes and animations, plus the addition
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of some slides on IADC codes, was carried out in August 2001
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• Version 2.3 Two slides added on PDC body material – November 2001
• Version 2.4 All roller cone slides replaced by ‘blue bit’ versions. Minor
alterations to Notes pages text.
•51 Version 3.0 For stand alone introductory presentation

July 2002
Acknowledgements
• Version 2.1
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– My thanks to Mark Jordan for reviewing this material.
• Slides 48, 50-53 and illustrations in slide 7 are from
material created by Tom Wick and David Pearce.
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• Most bit and component photographs are from the CD-
Lite for fixed cutter bits and the Electronic Reference
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Guide for roller cone bits.
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July 2002
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July 2002
Contact Information
If you have any questions concerning the contents of this presentation contact:
Ian McMillan
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Reed-Hycalog,
Kirkton Avenue,
Pitmedden Industrial Estate,
Dyce,
Aberdeen
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AB21 0UB
Telephone: +44 [0]1224 801 161
Fax: +44 [0]1224 890 290
e-mail:
54 imcmillan@aberdeen.oilfield.slb.com
July 2002

Introduction To Drill

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https://oil-com.blogspot.

Roller Cone Bits

l.c Bearing Type

PDC Body Types

PDC Body Types

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

l.c P.D.C. Diamond Milltooth Insert

Teeth Inserts Diamond

Teeth Inserts Diamond P.D.C.

Teeth Inserts Diamond P.D.C. Impregnated

Bit Application Spectrum

Fixed Cutter Bits

• Version 2.0 It was adapted in Q1 2001 for use on Reed-Hycalog ECA

• Version 2.1 Notes were added in May 2001.

•51 Version 3.0 For stand alone introductory presentation

Pitmedden Industrial Estate,

Telephone: +44 [0]1224 801 161

Fax: +44 [0]1224 890 290

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