Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Michael Angelo
Michael Angelo
Province of Cebu
City of Talisay
TALISAY CITY COLLEGE
Poblacion, Talisay City, Cebu
1st Semester, Academic Year 2021-2022
GEEth 7: ETHICS
Module Writer RIZA S. ARCHIVAL Department GENERAL EDUCATION
Student’s Name MICHAEL ANGELO A DELA CERNA Curricular Yr.& Sec. BSIT 3-HUMILITY
Contact No. Time Allotment 9hrs.
Residence TUNGKIL MINGLANILLA DECA HOMES Inclusive Date/s
ENGAGE
This module will introduce to moral philosophy with emphasis on the contrasts between realist and relativist theories
and between consequentialist, deontological, and virtue approaches. During the course you will be introduced to classic theories
and leading figures in the history of ethics, from Aristotle and Aquinas and Kant and Mill to Peter Singer and John Rawls. Course
content will focus on issues (e.g., wealth and poverty, privacy, environmental protection, capital punishment, euthanasia and
physician-assisted suicide, biomedical research, animal rights, etc.) at the center of contemporary ethical debate throughout the
world
Picture Analysis
Guide Questions:
The picture was all about the moral problems around the world.
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2. What are the moral problems presented in the picture?
Moral issues are those actions that have a potential to help or harm others or our own. While
social issues are problems that affects all in the society.
EXPLORE :
Contemporary Issues:
Abortion is when a pregnancy is ended so that it doesn't result in the birth of a child. Sometimes it is called 'termination
of pregnancy'. BPAS cares for women with an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy. We treat thousands of women who've decided
that abortion is the right choice for them, and give advice and counselling to women who don't know what to do next.
There are two types of abortion treatment, 'Medical' and 'Surgical' abortion:
Classification of abortion
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Church Teaching on Abortion
(According to Catechism on a Catholic Church) 2270 Human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the
moment of conception. From the first moment of his existence, a human being must be recognized as having the rights of a person
- among which is the inviolable right of every innocent being to life.72 Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before
you were born I consecrated you.73 My frame was not hidden from you, when I was being made in secret, intricately wrought in
the depths of the earth.74
2271 Since the first century the Church has affirmed the moral evil of every procured abortion. This teaching has not
changed and remains unchangeable. Direct abortion, that is to say, abortion willed either as an end or a means, is gravely contrary
to the moral law:
You shall not kill the embryo by abortion and shall not cause the newborn to perish.75
God, the Lord of life, has entrusted to men the noble mission of safeguarding life, and men must carry it out in a manner worthy of
themselves. Life must be protected with the utmost care from the moment of conception: abortion and infanticide are abominable
crimes.76
2272 Formal cooperation in an abortion constitutes a grave offense. The Church attaches the canonical penalty of
excommunication to this crime against human life. "A person who procures a completed abortion incurs excommunication latae
sententiae,"77 "by the very commission of the offense,"78 and subject to the conditions provided by Canon Law.79 The Church
does not thereby intend to restrict the scope of mercy. Rather, she makes clear the gravity of the crime committed, the irreparable
harm done to the innocent who is put to death, as well as to the parents and the whole of society.
Birth Control: is any voluntary or intentional act or calculation designed to prevent the birth of a new person. It includes
total abstinence, natural family planning methods, contraception, sterilization and abortion.
Contraceptives: are all forms of human intervention in the procreative act; i.e, the contraceptive use of intercourse and sin
against sexuality. It includes chemical, artificial devices, coitus, sterilization and abortion
Methods of Contraception:
A. The Natural Method= included all natural family planning methods such as the calendar “rhythm@ method, the
Billings ovulation method, the sympto-thermal system or cervical mucus basal body temperature method.
B. The Artificial Method=includes chemical and barrier approaches in suppressing ferlization of the ovum such as
the use of condom, the traditional “pill@ the IUD, cervical cap, spermicide, vaginal suppositories and injectable
contraceptives
Male contraceptives are limited at present to condoms which prevent the ejaculate from being deposited in the
vaginal tract and some hormonal implants which curtain sperm production.
C. Temporary Methods= are used if the desire is to prevent pregnancy such as Coitus Interruptus or
Withdrawal. The Natural Methods, Mechnical Method, Chemical Method, Intra-Uterine Devices, Antiovulants
Menstrual regulations and others.
D. Permanent Method= for male, vasectomy. For females, bilateral tubal ligation through the following procedures;
Laparatomy, Mini-Laparatomy, Culdotomy, Laparoscopy, Culdoscopy and Hysteroscopy
Types of Sterilization
a. Direct Sterilization= is an illicit act and immoral for its it intended to render conception impossible. It is also
called contraceptive sterilization
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In 1968, Pope Paul VI issued his landmark encyclical letter Humanae Vitae (Latin, “Human Life”), which reemphasized
the Church’s constant teaching that it is always intrinsically wrong to use contraception to prevent new human beings from coming
into existence.
Contraception is “any action which, either in anticipation of the conjugal act [sexual intercourse], or in its
accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as an end or as a means, to render
procreation impossible” (Humanae Vitae 14). This includes sterilization, condoms and other barrier methods, spermicides, coitus
interruptus (withdrawal method), the Pill, and all other such method.
In Humanae Vitae, Pope Paul VI stated, “[W]e must once again declare that the direct interruption of the generative
process already begun, and, above all, directly willed and procured abortion, even if for therapeutic reasons, are to be absolutely
excluded as licit means of regulating birth. Equally to be excluded, as the teaching authority of the Church has frequently declared,
is direct sterilization, whether perpetual or temporary, whether of the man or of the woman. Similarly excluded is every action
which, either in anticipation of the conjugal act, or in its accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences,
proposes, whether as an end or as a means, to render procreation impossible” (HV 14).
This was reiterated in the Catechism of the Catholic Church: “[E]very action which, whether in anticipation of the
conjugal act, or in its accomplishment, or in the development of its natural consequences, proposes, whether as an end or as a
means, to render procreation impossible is intrinsically evil” (CCC 2370). “Legitimate intentions on the part of the spouses do not
justify recourse to morally unacceptable means . . . for example, direct sterilization or contraception” (CCC 2399).
The Church also has affirmed that the illicitness of contraception is an infallible doctrine: “The Church has always taught
the intrinsic evil of contraception, that is, of every marital act intentionally rendered unfruitful. This teaching is to be held as
definitive and irreformable. Contraception is gravely opposed to marital chastity, it is contrary to the good of the transmission of
life (the procreative.aspect of matrimony), and to the reciprocal self-giving of the spouses (the unitive. aspect of matrimony); it
harms true love and denies the sovereign role of God in the transmission of human life” (Vademecum for Confessors 2:4, Feb. 12,
1997).
Morality of Contraception
Theologians argue on the basis criteria for the meaning of human action is the total person and not one aspect (the
biological dimension) of the person; i.e..’ the relationships between husband and wife and with their children, the expression of the
total dedication of love and the development of human dignity must all be considered and not just biological process
a. The goodness of procreation
b. Personal dignity and human welfare
c. The inviolability of conscience and the responsibility to act on an informed conscience
d. The right and responsibility of the church to teach on such matters
e. Take such teachings seriously into account.
Mutilation
Mutilation is the destruction or removal of some member of the human body which involve the loss of some
bodily function. Mutilation is an act (an excision or the equivalent) by which an organic function or the use of
a member of the body is intentionally destroyed either partially or wholly
Kinds of Mutilation
a. Direct Mutilation- The focus here is the intention such as the intended mutilation as a means
b. Indirect Mutilation- The vortex of discussion is the unintentional by product
c. Voluntary Mutilation- The highlight is one’s decision or with one’s consent
d. Compulsory Mutilation – The decision of the state as one eugenic punitive
e. Contraceptive Mutilation- The concern is the suppression of the power of procreation.
f. Non-Contraceptive Mutilation- the concern is all other mutilation
g. Therapeutic Mutilation- The emphasis is on the cause especially if an organ is diseased.
h. Prophylactic Mutilation- Like therapeutic mutilation, the emphasis is the one cause as a healthy organ causing a
disease.
i. Major Mutilation- The focal point is the extent; loss of organ or function, as such it needs notable impairment.
In Virto Fertilization
In Virto Ferlization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to help with fertility or prevent genetic problems and assist
with the conception of a child. During IVF, mature eggs are collected (retrieved) from ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab.
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The Teaching of the Church
The reasons for the Church’s opposition to in vitro fertilization are twofold. First, the Church teaches that human dignity is
best respected when the beautiful sexual union of two people conceives a child. This does not happen when a human being is
created in a laboratory. As the Catechism teaches: “Techniques involving only the married couple (homologous artificial
insemination and fertilization) are perhaps less reprehensible, yet remain morally unacceptable. They dissociate the sexual act from
the procreative act. The act which brings the child into existence is no longer an act by which two persons give themselves to one
another, but one that entrusts the life and identity of the embryo into the power of doctors and biologists and establishes the
domination of technology over the origin and destiny of the human person. Such a relationship of domination is in itself contrary to
the dignity and equality that must be common to parents and children. Under the moral aspect procreation is deprived of its proper
perfection when it is not willed as the fruit of the conjugal act, that is to say, of the specific act of the spouses’ union . . . Only
respect for the link between the meanings of the conjugal act and respect for the unity of the human being make possible
procreation in conformity with the dignity of the person.” There is also another reason. Human life begins at conception. This is
not just Church teaching, but science supports this claim. Modern genetics has established that a human being’s DNA is created
when the sperm fertilizes the egg. At this moment of conception, a unique identity of the human person is created. Unfortunately,
in vitro fertilization does not fully respect human life. For the process to be effective, several human embryos are created, and the
overwhelming majority is destroyed in the process. It is also worth noting that in vitro fertilization is a process that is relatively
ineffective (less than one-fourth of treatments are successful) and causes much physical pain to women. Research also indicates
that children conceived in this way are more prone to genetic defects.
KNOWLEDGE-BUILDING
Assessment Picture Analysis
Task 1
Analyze the picture and answer the questions below. Limit your answers in 50-75 word per questions. You
Instructions:
may write your answer on a separate .
Organization of thoughts 10pts
Basis for Support and Development of Ideas. 10pts
Your Rating/Total Points 50pts
Rating: Ethical Stand 20 pts
Clarity 10pts
Task 1:
Picture Analysis
ASSESS
Questions:
1. What does the picture tell us?
The photo teaches us of reverence for life, because abortion is everywhere in
today's norm. The legal status of abortion varies considerably all over the world,
and almost every country requires abortion in at least certain conditions. The
image calls for abortion the particularly reason for the circumstances abortion is
permitted and performed.
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2. What is your stand about abortion?
Abortion is unacceptable and ruins the precious lives of an infant that has yet to
be conceived. We should really care about taking responsibility for what we
do and what we have done to ourselves.. I am strongly against abortion,the
particularly reason for the circumstances we don’t have the right to end a life.
CRITICAL THINKING
Assessment Situational Analysis
Task 2
Read and understand the presented graph below and answer the questions given. Write your answer on a
Instructions:
separate sheet.
Articulate Moral value (15pts)
Basis for Development of Ideas (15pts)
Your Rating/Total Points 30
Rating: Ethical value (20pts)
Capital Punishment
Forty countries (20% of the world) maintain the death penalty in both law and practice. These countries made up
approximately 66% of the world's population in 2012. (Wikipedia 2013).
1. which is the correct pathway for humanity: an eye for an eye, or forgiveness regardless of the crime?
Forgiveness, no matter the offence. Our Lord Jesus Christ has taught us to
forgive the sins of all those who have wronged us, for the One who will judge
our soul is the Almighty God.
2. What does the checklist look like for deciding whether a murder deserves the death penalty, and how
can we ensure innocent people aren’t executed?
If a “suspect” repented then they should be forgiven.The death penalty is reserved
for those who commit the most heinous crimes, in fact only a small percentage of
those sentenced to death have been accused of unusually violent crimes.
3. What does the church say about Capital punishment?
The church about capital punishment says that it is an attack on the inviolability and
dignity of the person and deeming it inadmissible in all cases.
4. What is your personal stand on this issue?
As what I have said in question number one, Forgiveness regardless of the crime.
Our Lord Jesus Christ taught us about to forgive the sins of all those who wronged
us because the one who will judge our soul is only the Almighty Father. I will say it
again that we don’t have the right to take a life and only the Creator can judge us.
CREATING
Assessment Proposal Ethical Paper
Task 3
Instructions: Please read first the tips on how to write Ethical Analysis Paper.
Write your proposal in a short bond paper by following the proper format (1x1)
Type written or handwritten is acceptable.
Choose 1 out of the given topic below.
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Rubric:
SKILL BOX
Ethical Proposal
1. Please read and
Appropriate Outline for Your Ethics Term Paper understand the outline
for your Ethics Term
A paper in ethics philosophy whether in deontology or existentialism or any other Paper.
field of ethics consists of at least three parts, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The body segment has
further divisions that can be presented in the form of paragraphs. These divisions focus on the presentation of arguments,
the presentation of counter-arguments, and a response to the raised objections.
Introduction. The opening paragraph of your term paper serves as an introduction to your paper. The
introduction should present your topic, arguments discussed in the paper, your intended objective, and should
contain a thesis statement and an explanation of your thesis. If you do not have a clear picture of your paper
organization at this stage, it is appropriate to write the entire paper and compose the introduction once you
finish the main body of the term paper. In this case, compose the other sections of the paper first, and come
back to (re)write the introduction so that it reflects what your ethics term paper discusses. Where necessary,
define the key terms in your thesis statement. These terms should define your paper and provide the scope of the
term paper. Such terms may be, ‘abortion,’ ‘euthanasia,’ ‘immorality,’ and ‘personhood.’
Body. The body of the term paper should present your argument as stipulated in your introduction. The
arguments should be presented in a paragraph form to imply that each paragraph should focus on one main
argument. Moreover, each paragraph should have a topic sentence that makes a claim for the paragraph. The
topic sentence should be in line with the term paper topic and the thesis statement. The subsequent sentences in
the paragraph should provide evidence that supports the noted claim. In cases where the body section should
contain subheadings, it is important to group themes in a way that they provide a systematic analysis of
appropriate content for each subheading.
Presenting arguments that support the thesis. This section is the part of the body section. The arguments
constitute the greater part of the term paper. When presenting your term paper arguments, use compelling
premises logically. Present the possible arguments in paragraphs. Each argument should be discussed in its own
paragraph along with evidence that supports the argument. Your paragraphs should demonstrate that you have
an understanding of the term paper topic and written content. Provide both empirical and theoretical support for
the presented arguments and do not repeat your arguments.
Presenting objections to the thesis. If your ethics term paper contains arguments that oppose the main claim,
present them after articulating the main ideas. At this point, you step into your opponent’s shoes and ask
yourself what some of the arguments against the thesis statement are. Review research materials whose authors
disagree with your thesis and present their ideas as objections to your thesis. Each counter argument should be
presented in its own paragraph just as when you present the main arguments. Remember your target audience
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and do not include unfounded counterarguments.
Conclusion. The conclusion sums up your term paper and provides your recommended action plan where
applicable. You should include a restatement of the thesis statement and a brief summary of arguments. Do not
introduce new ideas and arguments at this stage because it only serves to summarize the entire term paper.
Proposed Topics
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Deforestation/ Illegal Logging
Environmental consequences of illegal logging include deforestation, habitat
destruction and greenhouse gas emissions. Illegal deforestation threatens the credibility of the
forestry industry and hinders government attempts to enforce sustainable forest management.
Although illegal logging occurs as a result of growing demand for wood, paper and derivative
items, including packaging. This act severely endangers the lives of all the living organisms.
This term paper examines the dilemmas surrounding environmental issue about the topic.
Forests still occupy over 30% to 40% of the world's land area, but they are
declining at an unprecedented pace. According to the World Bank, the world lost 502,000
square miles (1.3 million square km) of forest between 1990 and 2016 a region greater than
South Africa. Since humans began chopping down woodland, 46 per cent of trees have been
felled, according to a 2015 report in the journal Nature. About 17 per cent of the Amazon
rainforest has been destroyed in the past 50 years, and recent casualties have risen.
We need trees for a number of reasons, not least because they absorb not just the
carbon dioxide that we exhale, but also the greenhouse gasses that human activities emit.
When these gasses enter the atmosphere, global warming is on the rise, a phenomenon that
experts today usually call climate change. Tropical tree cover alone will provide 23 per cent of
the projected reduction in climate over the next decade to meet the targets set out in the Paris
Agreement in 2015, according to one estimate.
Farming, grazing, logging and fracturing combined account for more than half of
all deforestation. Forestry, flooding and a small degree of urbanization account for the
remainder. In Malaysia and Indonesia, trees are cleared to make room for the refining of palm
oil, which can be used in any way from shampoo to salt. In the Amazon, cattle ranching and
farms, particularly soya plantations, are the main culprits.
As a result, initiatives aimed at slowing down deforestation depend on multiple
parts of the supply chain. For example, REDD (Reducing Pollution from Deforestation and
Degradation), a recent global effort, focuses on paying nations directly for the reduction of
carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation or the absorption of carbon by forest
management. Reducing Pollution from Deforestation and Degradation does not mandate
concrete strategies, but rather allows nations to adopt their own management strategies,
encouraging local, practical and community-based approaches to deforestation.
Last year, forestry operations that provide the world's wood and paper products
also dropped to countless trees. Loggers, some of whom work illegally, are also building roads
for more and more remote forests, leading to more deforestation. As land is being developed
for homes, trees are being cut as a result of growing urban sprawl.
Not all deforestation is intentional. Some are caused by a mixture of human and
natural factors, such as wildfire and overgrazing, which may hinder the growth of young trees.
The reality is that while our aim to reduce deforestation has improved, our
demand for commodity crops, such as soya and palm oil, is likely to rise even faster. The New
York Times article points to the increasing scope of global agribusinesses to supply raw
materials in even more remote regions. If we can and our hunger for more, more and more,
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efforts to minimize deforestation will remain difficult.
Figures:
F1: https://support.google.com/legal/answer/3463239?hl=en
F2: https://support.google.com/legal/answer/3463239?hl=en
F3: https://pixfeeds.com/images/29/573429/1280-573429-639794440.jpg
YES NO
The module is easy to understand.
The given instructions are clear.
The given tasks are doable.
The given information is complete.
The teacher seeks ongoing feedback.
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