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VIII CBSE I Semester Notes - Subject : Maths

Chapter 3 - Squares and Square Roots

Ex. 3.1

B.1) What will be the units digit of the squares of the following
numbers ?
i) 73 Ans. = 9
ii) 287 Ans. = 9
iii) 2816 Ans. = 6
iv) 5398 Ans. = 4
v) 83245 Ans. = 5
B.2) Give reason, why each of the following numbers are not perfect
squares.
i) 257
Ans. A number ending with 7 is never a perfect square.
ii) 15000
Ans. The number of zeroes at the end of a perfect square is always even.
iii) 37900000
Ans. The number of zeroes at the end of a perfect square is always even.
iv) 730712
Ans. A number ending with 2 is never a perfect square.
B.3) Find the squares of the following numbers.
i) 182 Ans. = 324
ii) 452 Ans. = 2025
iii) 100002 Ans. = 100000000
B.4) Which of the following numbers are perfect squares ?
i) 121
Ans. 121 = 11 x 11
11 121
11 11 121 is a perfect square
1
 ii) 576 2 576
2
Ans. 576 =2x2x2x3 2 288
2 144
=8x3 2
2 72
= 24 2
2 36 576 is a perfect square
2 18
3 9
3
3 3
1
iii) 1428 = 2 x 2 x 7 x 3 x 17
2 1428
2 714 As factors 7,3 and 17 are not in
7 357 pairs. So, 1428 is not a perfect
3 51 square.
17 17
1

B.5) Which of the following numbers are not perfect squares ?

i) 2401
Ans. 2401 = 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 7 2401 2401 is a perfect square.
2 2 7 343
=7 x7 7 49
= 492 7 7
1

ii) 2901 3 2901

Ans. 2901 = 3 x 967 967
967 is a prime number
So, 2901 is not a perfect square.

iii) 3969 3 3969

Ans. 3969 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 7 x 7 3 1323 3969 is a perfect square.
3 441
= 32 x 32 x 72
3 147
= (3 x 3 x 7)2 7 49
7 7
= 632 1
B.6) In the following numbers identify those which are perfect squares.
i) 500 5 500
Ans. 500 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 2 x 2 5 100
5 20
A = 5 is unpaired, so 500 is 2 4
not a perfect square. 2 2
1

ii) 640000

Ans. 640000 = 64 x 10000

A = 64 is a square of 8 and 10000 is a square of 100, so the number

640000 is a perfect square.

iii) 225000

Ans. Not a perfect because number of zeros at the end of a perfect square is
always even.

B.7) Using properties of squares, find the values of the following :

i) 152 - 142

Ans. Just add the base numbers 15 + 14 = 29

ii) 512 - 502 Ans. 51 + 50 = 101

iii) 10012 - 10002 Ans. 1001 + 1000 = 2001

B.8) How many numbers lie between the squares of the following
numbers.

i) 102 and 112 Ans. 10 + 11 = 29 - 1 = 28

ii) 1002 and 1012 Ans. 100 + 101 = 201 - 1 = 200

B.9) Using the properties of squares, find the following products.

i) 32 x 34 ii) 57 x 59 iii) 99 x 101

= 332 - 1 = 582 - 1 = 1002 - 1

= 1089 - 1 = 3364 - 1 = 10000 - 1

= 1088 = 3363 = 9999

B.10) In the following identify the Pythagorean triplets.
i) (3, 4, 5) ii) (12, 35, 37)
Ans. 32 + 42 = 52 Ans. 122 + 352 = 372
9 + 16 = 25 144 + 1225 = 1369
25 = 25
1369 = 1369
(3, 4, 5) are
Pythagorean triplets (12, 35, 37) are
Pythagorean triplets.
iii) (12, 21, 24)
Ans. 122 + 212 = 242
144 + 441 = 576
585 ≠ 576
(12, 21, 24) are not a Pythagorean triplets.

B.11) Find the other two members of the Pythagorean triplets, one of
whose members is -
i) 10 ii) 20
Ans. 2m = 10 Ans. 2m = 20
10 20
m= =5 m= = 10
2 2
2 2
m -1=5 -1 m2 - 1 = 102 - 1
= 25 - 1 = 100 - 1
= 24 = 99
m2 + 1 = 52 + 1 m2 + 1 = 102 + 1
= 25 + 1 = 100 + 1
= 26 = 101
10, 24, 26 are 20, 99, 101 are
Pythagorean triplets Pythagorean triplets

B.12) Without adding, find the sum

i) 1+3+5+7
Ans. 42 = 16
ii) 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23
Ans. 122 = 144
 Chapter 3 - Squares and Square Roots
Ex. 3.2

B.1) Find the square root of the following :

i) 36 = 6 x 6 = 6
iii) 400 = 20 x 20 = 20
v) 18 x 18 =18
vii) 8 x 7 x 8 x 7 = 8 x 7 = 56
B.2) Find the square root of the following by prime factorisation method.
i) 361 = 19 x 19 = 19 iii) 3025 = 5 x 5 x 11 x 11
19 361 5 3025 = 5 x 11
19 19 5 605 = 55
1 11 121
11 11
1
v) 8281 vii) 7744
7 8281 2 7744
7 1183 2 3872
13 169 2 1936
13 13 2 968
1 2 484
8281 = 7 x 7 x 13 x 13 2 242
= 7 x 13 11 121
= 91 11 11
1
7744 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 11 x 11
ix) 7056 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 11
2 7056 = 88
2 3528
2 1764
2 882 7056 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 7 x 7
3 441 =2x2x3x7
3 147 = 84
7 49
7 7
1
 xi) 7921
89 7921
89 89
1
7921 = 89 x 89
= 89
B.3) Find the smallest number by which 2475 must be multiplied to get
a perfect square.
3 2475 2475 = 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 11
3 825 = 2475 x 11
5 275 = 27225
5 55 27225 = 165 x 165 = 165
11 11
1
B.5) Find the smallest number by which 600 must be divided, so that
the quotient becomes a perfect square. Also, find the square root
of the perfect square so obtained.
2 600 600 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5
2 300 = 600 D (2 x 3)
2 150 = 600 D 6
3 75 100 = 10
5 25
5 5
1
B.7) Find the least perfect square exactly divisible by each one of the
numbers 4, 5, 10.
Ans. Factors of 4, 5, 10 = 2 x 2 x 5 2 4. 5, 10
L.C.M. of 4, 5, 10 should be multiplied 5 2, 5, 5
by unpaired factor 2 2, 1, 1
= 20 x 5 1, 1, 1
= 100
100 = 10 L.C.M. = 2 x 5 x 2
= 20
B.9) 4096 soldiers are arranged in an auditorium in such a manner
that there are so many soldiers in a row as there are rows in the
auditorium. How many rows are there in the auditorium ?

2 4096
2 2048 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2
2 1024 =2x2x2x2x2x2
2 512 = 64
2 256
2 128
2 64
2 32
2 16
2 8
2 4
2 2
1
 Chapter 3 - Squares and Square Roots
Ex. 3.3

B.1) Find the value of the following mentally.

1 1x1 1
i) = =
16 4x4 4

9 = 3
iii) 3x3 =
49 7
7x7
B.2) Find the square root of the following.

225 15x15 15
i) = =
676 26x26 26
10000 100x100 100
iii) = =
49 7x7 7
5929 77x77 77
v) 59.29 = = = = 7.7
100 10x10 10

92 (121x4) + 92 484+92 576 24x24 24

vii) 4 = = = = =
121 121 121 121 11x11 11

625 25x25 25
ix) = 36x36 =
1296 36

26 (121x23) + 26 2783+26 2809 53x53 53

xi) 23 = = = = =
121 121 121 121 11x11 11
 Chapter 3 - Squares and Square Roots
Ex. 3.4

B.1) Find the square roots of the following.

i) 1089 = 33 iii) 6561 = 81
33 81
3 1089 8 6561
+3 -9 +8 - 64
63 189 161 161
- 189 - 161
000 000
v) 3844 = 62 vii) 6084 = 78
62
78
6 3844
7 6084
+6 - 36
+7 - 49
122 244
148 1184
- 244
- 1184
000
0000

ix) 4761 = 69 xi) 5625 = 75

69 75
6 4761 7 5625
+6 - 36 +7 - 49
129 1161 145 725
- 725
- 1161
0000 000

xiii) 5929 = 77 xv) 8281 = 91

77 91
7 5929 9 8281
+7 - 49 +9 - 81
147 1029 181 181
- 1029 - 181
0000 000
B.2) Find the square roots of -
i) 151.29 = 12.3 iii) 1789.29 = 42.3
12.3 42.3
1 151.29 4 1789.29
+1 - 1 +4 - 16
22 51 82 189
+2 - 44 +2 - 164
243 729 843 2529
- 729 - 2529
000 0000
B.3) Find the number of the digits in the square root of each of the
following numbers (without any calculation).
i) 324 = 2 digit iii) 7569 = 2 digit v) 11881 = 3 digit
vii) 91853056 = 4 digit
B.5) Find the least number which must be subtracted from 691 to make
it a perfect square. 26
691 - 15 = 676 2 691
+2 - 4
676 = 26
46 291
Least number to be subtracted is 15 - 276
15
B.7) Find the least number which must be added to 5678 to make it a
75
perfect square.
7 5678
762 = 5776
+7 - 49
5776 - 5678 = 98 145 778 Least number to be added is 98
5678 + 98 = 5776 - 725
53
B.9) Find the greatest number of four digits which is a perfect square.
Greatest four digit number = 9999 99
9 9999
9999 - 198 = 9801
+9 - 81
189 1899
- 1701
198
B.11) The area of two square fields are respectively 256 and 625 square
metres. Find the ratio of their sides.

Area of square 1 side x side 256 16x16 16

= = = =
Area of square 2 side x side 625 25x25 25

B.13) There are 500 children in a school. For a PT drill they have to
stand in such a manner that the number of rows is equal to the
number of column. How many children would be left out in this
arrangement ? 28
2 500
+2 - 4
16 children would be
42 100
left in the arrangement - 84
16
B.15) Estimate the value of the following in the nearest whole number.
i) 97 = 100 = 10
iii) 5436 = 5476 = 74