CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN

This chapter shows the final design result extracted from the governing trade-offs for the transportation
context. The determination of the governing trade-off was made possible by utilizing the method of
normalization for the final ranking and sensitivity analysis. Among the transportation trade-offs proposed
namely, Finger Pier, Linear and Transporter, the previously stated terminal configuration (Linear Terminal)
outweighed the two trade-offs.

For the cost estimates and design of the governing transportation trade-off, the proposed terminal
configuration design has (1) an estimated land area cost of Php 302,462,644.74 that is lower than the cost
limit of Php 400,000,000.00, (2) a boarding bridge estimated service life at optimal performance of 20 years
that is higher than the standard service life (3) an estimated risk percentage, in terms of delayed/cancelled
flights, of 20.77% that is lower than the deemed maximum value of 23%, (4) an estimated inflated land
cost of Php 305,426,778.66 that is lower than the maximum cost of Php 500,000,000.00, (5) a simulated
congestion of 21.26% that is over 28% lower than the allowed value of 50%, and finally, (6) an allowed
perceived noise level of 79.8 dB which is still lower than the maximum value of 80 decibels. Furthermore,
the designed noise level dictates that the first line of the nose of the airplanes shall be 32 meters away from
the face of the terminal building.

83
5.1 Layout

Linear Terminal Configuration

Figure 5.1: Linear Terminal Configuration

84
5.2 Parameters

The table below shows the Finger Pier Terminal Parameters that will be used to determine the peak hour
factor

Table 5.1: Linear Terminal Parameters

Finger Pier Terminal Parameters

Target Annual Passenger Demand: 10,000,000 (approximately)

Number of Pedestrians at Peak Hour: 1,500

Peak Hour (Assumed): 1pm-2pm

Number of Entrance (Arrival): 3 Doors (5 m width)

Number of Exits (Arrival): 5 Doors (5 m width)

Number of Entrance (Departure): 5 Doors (5 m width)

Number of Exits (Departure): 3 Doors (5 m width)

Terminal Configuration Area 37, 560 m²

Calculation:

⮚ Number of Pedestrian (based on Annual Passenger Demand):

o Target Annual Passenger Demand = 10,000,000 passengers per year
𝑇𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝑎𝑡 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟) =
365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑥 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛
10,000,000 [
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝑎𝑡 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟) = 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟 ]
𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
365 [ 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟 ] 𝑥 24 [ 𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠 ]

𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏 (𝒂𝒕 𝑷𝒆𝒂𝒌 𝑯𝒐𝒖𝒓) = 𝟏, 𝟏𝟒𝟏. 𝟓 𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒔 ≈ 𝟏, 𝟏𝟒𝟐 𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒔

⮚ Number of Pedestrian (based on Aircraft Quantity):

o No. Aircrafts (on Linear Terminal) = 6 aircrafts per hour
o Passenger Capacity of Airbus 320 = 250 passengers

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑠) = 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑥 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑠

85
 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑠) = 250 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑥 6 𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑠

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑠) = 1500 pedestrians > 1,142 pedestrians (OK!)

5.3 Pedestrian Traffic Flow

PASSENGER FLOW AT GROUND FLOOR

PASSENGER FLOW AT SECOND FLOOR

Figure 5.2: Passenger Flow Layout

86
5.4 Level of Service

Table 5.2: IATA Level of Service Provision for Airports

LoS Flow Delay Comfort
A- Excellent Free None Excellent
B- High Stable Very few High
C-Good Stable Acceptable Good
D-Adequate Unstable Passable Adequate
E- Inadequate Unstable Unacceptable Inadequate
F- Unacceptable System breakdown System breakdown Unacceptable

Calculation:

 LoS A
o Space provision per passenger = 5 sqm.

𝟏 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝟏
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟓
 LoS B
o Space provision per passenger = 4.1 sqm.

𝟏 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝟏
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟒. 𝟏
 LoS C
o Space provision per passenger = 3 sqm.

𝟏 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝟏
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟑
 LoS D
o Space provision per passenger = 2.5 sqm.

𝟏 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝟏
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟒 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟐. 𝟓
 LoS E
o Space provision per passenger = 0.85 sqm.

𝟏 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝟏
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
 LoS F
o Space provision per passenger = 0.50 sqm.

𝟏 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝟏
𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = = 𝒐𝒓 𝟐 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂
𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎

87
5.5 Passenger Flow Density

Figure 5.3: Passenger Flow Density for Linear Terminal Configuration: Ground Floor
(Source: Pedestrian Dynamics 4.1)

Figure 5.4: Passenger Flow Density for Linear Terminal Configuration: Second Floor
(Source: Pedestrian Dynamics 4.1)

88
 Table 5.3 Queueing/Waiting Time for Linear Terminal Configuration

FACILITY QUEUE TIME (min)

Security gate check 1 0.4 to 0.5
Check in counter 2
Security gate check 2 0.5 to 2
Security gate check 3 1 to 1.5
Security gate check 4 0.5 to 0.8
Concierge 2 to 8
FACILITY WAITING TIME (min)
Pre-departure 2 to 3

5.6 Density Percentage

Figure 5.5: Density Percentage of Linear Terminal Configuration

(Source: Pedestrian Dynamics 4.1)

5.7 Level of Service Per Facility

The level of service for every facility listed below are based on the picture of the passenger flow density.
Based on the data, congestion of passenger usually occurs at facilities or gates wherein they are being on
hold such as the security check counters as well as check-in counters. The level of service is excellent on
wide areas such as concessions and the facilities that are not usually used such as offices.

89
 Table 5.4: Level of Service per Facility in Finger Pier Terminal Configuration

Facility Level of Color/s

Service
Departure Security Check Gate 1 D/E/F
Check-in Counters E/F
Comfort Room A
Security Check Gate 2 D/E
Escalator to Second Floor A/B
Concessions A
Waiting Lounge A
Security Check Gate 3 D/E/F
Boarding Gate A
Arrival Entrance to Arrival A/B
Pathway to Escalator B/C/D
Security Check Gate 4 E/F
Baggage Claim Area D/E/F
Concessions A/E/F
Comfort Rooms A/C/E
Service Concierge B/C
Foreign Exchange Counter A
Exit to Arrival A/B

5.8 Peak Hour Analysis

Table 5.5: Peak Hour Analysis in Linear Terminal Configuration

Time Interval Passengers

1:00 PM – 1:10 PM 290
1:11 PM – 1:20 PM 208
1:21 PM – 1:30 PM 269
1:31 PM – 1:40 PM 290
1:41 PM – 1:50 PM 291
1:51 PM – 2:00 PM 152
Total Peak Hour Volume 1500

90
5.9 Design Flow Rate

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
6 𝑥 (𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠)

1500
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
6 𝑥 (291)

𝑷𝒆𝒂𝒌 𝑯𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝟗𝟏

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
1500
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
0.8591
𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟕 𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓

91