EARTH SCIENCE Revised: 07/21/20

LESSON TIMETABLE
MODULE : EARTH: MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

Sub-Module : 1. Rocks

COURSE/SUBJECT : EARTH SCIENCE

DURATION : FOUR (4) Hours Lecture; ________ laboratory

CONTENT/TOPIC STRATEGY/ REFRENCE/ EVALUATION

DURATION
ACTIVITY TOOLS OUTPUT
Introduction
 Opening Prayer
(Optional)
 Introducing the
Laptop/Com
instructor
Lecture-Disc puter
30 minutes  Leveling/ ussion Module
Motivation
PPT
 Articulating the
desired learning
outcomes for the
session
Presentation

 Define Rocks

 Explain Rock
Cycle
 Explain the
classification of
rocks
a. Igneous Lecture-Disc
Rocks ussion
Laptop/Com
b. Sedimentary puter ORAL
3 hours
Rocks Module RECITATION
Question
PPT
c. Metamorphic and Answer
Rocks
 Difference
between rocks
and minerals

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Application
 Reinforcement
Laptop/Com
 Recap of Recitation 15-item
puter
30 minutes Learning insights Objective Type
Module
 Assessment lecture of Written Test
PPT
 Closing Prayer
(Optional)

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EARTH SCIENCE Revised: 07/21/20

SESSION PLAN
Program/Year Level : ABM AND STEM - 11

MODULE : EARTH: MATERIALS AND PROCESSES

Sub-Module : 1. Rock

SUBJECT : EARTH SCIENCE

METHODOLOGY : Lecture-Discussion, Question and Answer (OBE)

DURATION : FOUR (4) Hours Lecture; ________ laboratory

LEARNING OUTCOMES (LOs):

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Define Rocks.
 Describe the classification of rocks
 Explain the Rock Cycle.

LEARNING AIDS:

 Laptop /Computer
 Module
 PowerPoint Presentation

REFERENCES: (Preferably in Digital Form)

 Religioso, Teresita and Vengco, Lilia, 2016, Earth and Life Science by
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,

I. INTRODUCTION

Preparatory Activities
 Opening Prayer
 Introducing the instructor
 Leveling/Motivation

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II. PRESENTATION (Lesson Proper)

ROCKS

The solid mineral material

forming part of the surface of the
earth and other underlying the
soil or oceans.

ROCK CYCLE

The igneous rocks undergo weathering. The eroded materials deposited as sediments.
The sediments undergo lithification (conversion into rock) to become sedimentary rocks
when compacted and cemented.

If the sedimentary rocks are buried deep within Earth, they will be subjected to heat and
pressure, changing them into metamorphic rocks. If the metamorphic rocks are subjected
to higher temperature they will melt and turn into magma. The magma will solidify into
igneous rocks, and the cycle starts anew. Likewise, when igneous rocks are subjected to
heat and pressure, just like sedimentary rocks, they will be changed into metamorphic
rocks.

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Other sources of sediments include igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, and

sedimentary rocks through the processes of weathering, uplift, transportation, and
deposition.

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Igneous rocks got their name

from Latin ignis, meaning “fire”.
This makes sense because these
rocks are formed by volcanic
activity.

Recall the structure and

characteristics of the core and
mantle. The temperature is very
high that the materials melt.
Magma is molten rock generated
by partial melting of rocks in
Earth's mantle. Magma consists
mainly of silicon (as silica. SiO2)
and oxygen and lesser amounts
of aluminum (Al). calcium (Ca),
sodium (Na) potassium (K),
magnesium (Mg). and iron (Fe).

Types of Igneous Rocks

When molten rock solidifies at the

surface (lava), it is called extrusive
igneous rock or volcanic rock.

However, most magma lava loses

its mobility before reaching the
surface and crystallizes at depth.
Igneous rocks formed at depth are
referred to as intrusive igneous
rocks or plutonic rocks.

Igneous rocks may be characterized by their texture and composition. Texture describes
the overall appearance of the igneous rocks based on the size shape and arrangement of
their interlocking crystals.

The rate of cooling strongly influences crystal size. Slow cooling of magma results in
the formation of large crystals. On the other hand, rapid cooli ng results into the formation
of small crystals.

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 Coarse-grained -grains (crystals) can be seen with bare eyes

 Medium-grained -grains (crystals) only be seen through a hand lens
 Fine-grained- grains can only be seen through the microscope

A mineral’s composition is based on the

chemical makeup of its parent magma.
Rocks may be divided according to their
coloration:

 Light-colored, such as granite

and rhyolite; composed of feldspar and
quartz
 Medium colored, such as
diorite and andesite
 Dark-colored, such as gabbro
rock and basalt; composed mainly of
pyroxene, calcium rich plagioclase
feldspar

Sedimentary Rocks

As shown in the rock cycle,

sediments result from the uplift and
weathering, which are then
transported and deposited in different
areas.
The process by which the
sediments are transformed into solid
sedimentary rock is called lithification.
One of the most common processes
in the rock cycle is compaction.

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As piles of sediments accumulate, the underlying materials are compacted by the

weight of the overlying layers.

As the grains are pressed. pore spaces are greatly minimized, reducing the volume.
Shale a fine-grained sedimentary rock. is formed through compaction.

Sedimentary rocks are of particular importance to Earth's history. As layer upon layer
of sediments are accumulated, they carry with them the records of the nature of the
environment at the time sediments are deposited. These layers are called strata. They
are the distinctive characteristics of sedimentary rocks; Fossils are only found in
sedimentary rocks.

Types of Sedimentary Rocks

There are two types of sedimentary rocks based on their sources. These are
detrimental sedimentary rocks and chemical sedimentary rocks.

1. Detrimental sedimentary rocks- These rocks come from weathered rocks

such as igneous rocks.

2. Chemical sedimentary rocks- These rocks come from soluble materials

produced largely by chemical weathering. The basis for grouping is their chemical
composition.

SHOWS THE CLASSIFICATION OF DETRIMENTAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS BASED

ON PARTICLE SIZE

PARTICLE SIZE SEDIMENT ROCK

Coarse Gravel (rounded Conglomerate

particles)
Gravel (angular Breccia
particles)
Medium Sand Sandstone

Fine Mud Siltstone

Very Fine Mud Shale

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SHOWS THE CLASSIFICATION OF DETRIMENTAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS BASED

ON THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION ROCK NAME

Calcite (CaCO3) Limestone coquina

Fossil Ferrous
Biochemical limestone
Limestone
Chalk

Quartz (SiO2) Chert (light-colored)

Flint (dark-colored)
Gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) Rock gypsum
Halite (NaCl) Rock Salt
Altered fragments Bituminous Rock

Gravel and sand are used in the construction of buildings and roads. The main
composition of chalk is calcium carbonate. Glass is made up of silica (SiO2). Gypsum is
the main ingredient of plaster of paris. Halite is rock salt used in cooking and seasoning
foods.

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks came from

preexisting rocks called parent
rocks. The preexisting rocks may
undergo changes in the mineralogy,
texture (like grain size) and
chemical composition by the action
of heat pressure (stress), and
chemical agents. The process of
transformation of parent rocks is
called metamorphism.

The most important agent of

metamorphism is heat that may
come from magma rising from
below. The parent rock is "baked" by
the magma. Another source of heat
is when the rocks formed at the surface of Earth are transplanted to greater depth.

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As rocks go deeper, temperature increases. Heat causes chemical reactions that

result in recrystallization of existing minerals and/or formation of new minerals.
Another metamorphic agent is pressure or stress. Like temperature, pressure
increases with depth. Pressure causes the spaces between mineral grains in the
buried rocks to close, producing a more compact rock with higher density.
At greater depth, minerals may recrystallize into new minerals that display more
compact structure.

The other metamorphic agents are chemically-active fluids. These include water,
carbon dioxide, and other volatile materials. They act as catalysts to promote
crystallization by enhancing ion migrations that may change composition of the
rock.

COMMON METAMORPHIC ROCKS.

ROCK NAME DESCRIPTION PARENT ROCK

Slate Foliated; fine grained Shale

Gneiss Foliated; medium-to Granite, volcanic rock
coarse grained

Marble Nonfoliate; medium-to limestone

coarse-grained

Common metamorphic rocks have economic value, Slate is used for roof, floor tile,
chalkboard, and billiard tables. Marble is a popular building stone because of its
color (pink, gray, green, black) and relative softness. White marble is used for
statues and monuments.

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REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY

I. Refer to the rock cycle. Describe how the following rocks are formed.
a. Igneous Rock
b. Sedimentary Rock
c. Metamorphic Rock

II. Compare and contrast.

a. Intrusive and extrusive igneous rock
b. Chemical and detrimental sedimentary rock
c. Lithification and metamorphism

III. Name three common rocks and give their uses.

IV. How is rock different from mineral?

RECAPITULATION OF THE LESSON/IMPORTANT POINTS DISCUSSED

 Definition of Rock
 Rock Cycle
 Types of Rocks
a. Igneous Rocks
b. Sedimentary Rocks
c. Metamorphic Rocks
 Difference between rocks and minerals

III. ASSESSMENT

___________ 1. What is the main difference of rocks from minerals?

___________ 2-3. Differentiate the three classifications of rock.
___________ 4. Why are sedimentary rocks that can preserved a fossil?
___________ 5. Differentiate metamorphism from lithification.
___________ 6-10 Illustrate the rock cycle.

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IV. CLOSING PRAYER

Prepared by:

Ms. Rose Gelyn E. Mallari

Teacher

Reviewed by:
Mr. Richard John W. Hernandez
Academic Coordinator, SHS

Approved by:
Dr. Vilma V. Esparrago
Principal, Basic Education

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