K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Technology and Livelihood Education

Learning Module
(First Quarter – Weeks 1-3)

TECHNICAL DRAWING 7
Prepared by:
RHEA F. GUEVARRA
SST-III
CP#: 09053725157
 Welcome to the world of TECHNICAL DRAWING!

This Module is an exploratory course offered to Grade 7 and Grade 8 students of

Marcelo I. Cabrera Vocational High School. It covers 4 common competencies
that a Grade 7 student like you ought to possess, namely:

1. Preparing Freehand Drawing

2. Constructing Geometrical Figures
3. Construct Orthographic Projection
4. Construct Pictorial Drawing

These 4 common competencies are covered separately in 4 Lessons. As shown

below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one or two learning
outcomes:

Lesson 1 – Preparing Freehand Drawing

LO 1. Perform different lettering styles and techniques
LO 2. Sketch simple objects
LO 3. Perform freehand sketches

Lesson 2 – Constructing Geometrical Figures

LO 1. Bisect lines, arcs, circles and angles
LO 2. Draw regular polygon
LO 3. Draw regular solids

Lesson 3 – Construct Orthographic Projection

LO 1. Construct orthographic views
LO 2. Apply general and specific dimensions

Lesson 4 – Construct Pictorial Drawing

LO 1. Construct isometric drawing
LO 2. Construct oblique drawing
LO 3. Construct perspective drawing

Your success in this exploratory course on Technical Drawing is shown in your

ability to perform the performance standards found in each lesson

RHEA F. GUEVARRA 1

09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

This Module has 4 Learning Outcomes as most essential learning

Competencies. Each lesson has the following:
A. LESSON
B. CONTENT STANDARD
C. PERFORMANCE STANDARD
D. LEARNING COMPETENCIE
I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
(Objectives)
II. DEFINITION OF TERMS
III. WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW?
(Pretest/ Preliminary Activities)
IV. What do you need to know?
(Presentation/Discussions)
V. How much have you learned?
(Worksheet/Activity Sheet)
VI. What have you learned?
(Generalization)
VII. REFERENCES
VIII. Authors/ Contributors

To get the most from this Module, you need to do the following:

1. Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outcome/s and Performance

Standards. These tell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this
Module.
2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer
against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items correctly, you may
proceed to the next Lesson. This means that you need not go through the Lesson
because you already know what it is about. If you failed to get 99 to 100% correctly,
go through the Lesson again and review especially those items which you failed to
get.
3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or more Information
Sheets. An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you
need to know.
After reading the Information Sheet, test yourself on how much you learned by means
of the Self-check. Refer to the Answer Key for correction. Do not hesitate to go
back to the Information Sheet when you do not get all test items correctly. This
will ensure your mastery of basic information.
4. Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity / Operation /Job Sheet
directs you to do.

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5. You must be able to apply what you have learned in another activity or in real life
situation.
6. Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics for you to know how well you performed.

Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key terms for your
guide. They can be of great help. Use them fully.

RHEA F. GUEVARRA 3

09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

LESSON 1

Preparing Freehand Drawing

.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the
following:

LO 1. Perform different lettering styles and techniques

LO 2. Sketch simple object
LO 3. Perform freehand sketches

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Perform different lettering styles and techniques

CONTENT STANDARD

➢ The learner demonstrates understanding on the concepts and

principles on performing freehand drawing

PERFORMANCE
STANDARD
➢ The learner independently performs different freehand drawings
with satisfactory workmanship based on industry standards.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

➢ Prepare Freehand Drawing

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.1

➢ Perform different lettering styles and techniques

RHEA F. GUEVARRA 5

09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

Definition of Terms

Accented is a form of heavy and light elements of letters.

Freehand Drawing - is performed without the use of mechanical
drawing instruments. it is purely done by pencil rendering.
Italic - the letter is in slating position
Lowercase Letters- are the small letters in the alphabet
Proportion refers to the quality standard of shape, figure, form of
object or drawing.
Slant line - is an inclined line.
Style is the manner of designing or shaping a drawing.
Sketching is a preliminary drafting.
Stability – is the quality, state or degree of being stable
Stem- refers to the parts of letter
Stroke is the technique of printing letters.
Thickness- refers to thinness or heaviness of stem of letter
Uppercase Letters are the big letters of the alphabets.

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 What do you already know?
Let us determined how much you already know about the use of sewing
tools and equipment. Take this test.

Pretest LO 1 –
1.1
Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the best answer from
the choices below. Write your answer in your quiz notebook.

1. The most simple and readable lettering style

A. Roman Letter B. Gothic Letter C. Italic Letter D. Script Letter

2. These letters are narrow in width in proportion to height and used when the space
is limited.

A. Compress B. Extended C. Normal D. Wide

3. The letters are written in slanting position.

A. Extended B. Italic C. Boldface D. Light

4. This lettering style has accented strokes consisting of heavy and light lines.

A. Gothic Letter B. Script Letter C. Roman Letter D. Italic Letter

5. The thinnest letter in the alphabet.

A. M B. T C. A D. I

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

6. The pointed stem in Roman Letter A. Uppercase

7. Type of stem of Commercial Gothic B. Serif

8. Letters printed in capital form C. Light face

9. Letters printed in thin stem D. Heavy

10. An artistic lettering style E. Script letter

RHEA F. GUEVARRA 7

09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

Now check your answers using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the items
correctly, proceed to the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity/ties
again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.

1. B
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. E

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 What do you need to know?
Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.1.

Information Sheet 1.1

Skill in lettering is a basic requirement for a student in drawing. He

must be exposed to the lettering activities to orient him on the quality
standard in printing letters.

Lettering is used as a form of communication. As applied in drawing, it adds

beauty if it is well-printed. Likewise, it can destroy the appearance of the
drawing once it is not done well.

The Four Group of Letters

1. GOTHIC LETTERS. They are the most simple and readable among the
four group of letters. It has a uniform stem. It should be applied only for
poster and advertisement purposes.

Two forms of gothic letters:

a. Commercial Gothic. It is printed with heavy stem. It is used for
advertisement purposes only.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn
Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
b. Single Stroke. It is printed with thin stem. It is used for engineering
drawing purposes.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn
Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

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09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

2. ROMAN LETTERS. The thickness of these letters is not uniform. they have
pointed stem which is called “serif”. They must be used for books, magazine,
newspapers, and text matters.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
The Three Classics of Roman Letters:

a. Old Roman Letters. They are printed by means of layout form using
the flexible lettering pen. The thickness of the thin stem must be ½
from the thickness of the heavy stem.

b. Modern Roman Letters. They are printed in single stroke using the
speedball pen.

c. Modified Roman. Similar to Modern Roman, they are printed in single

stroke using the speedball pen. However, this style must be printed
in the absence of serif.

3. SCRIPT. It is considered as artistic letters. It is purposely used for

certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
4. TEXT OR OLD ENGLISH. This style is the most artistic among the four
groups of letter. Similar to Spanish script, it is also used for certificates,
diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj
Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss
Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

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The Rule of Stability of letters

This refers to the standard rules to be considered in printing the letters particularly
on the following:

1. Upper Case letters. They are letters which are printed in capital form. Three
guidelines are cap line, waist line, and base line.

Example:
cap line

waist line

ABCDEFG base line

2. Lower Case Letters. These are the letters which are printed in small letters
printed with the use of four guidelines such as cap line, waist line, base line, and
dropped line.

Example:

cap line

waist line

abcdfgy base line

dropped
line

The General Proportion of Letters

1. Compressed or Condensed. This particular proportion should be

applied only when the space is limited. The letters are printed with closer
distance and its width is narrower than the normal size.

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09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

Example:

COMPRESSED
2. Extended. This proportion is applied when there is a more space. The width
of the letter is wider than the height.
Example:

3. Normal. This proportion is applied when there is normal space. The letter is
printed in the normal size.
Example:

NORMAL

The Two Proportion of Thickness

1. Boldface. This refers to the letters which are printed with heavy stem.
Example:

BOLDFACE
2. Lightface. This refers to the letters which are printed with thin stem.
Example:

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Below are the suggested lettering tools and instruments and their uses:

1. Speed Ball - used in writing different various styles of

letters

2. Lettering Brush - used for sign painting

3. Felt Point Pen - used for sign painting

4. Letter Template - used as guide for letter transfer

5. Letter Transfer - used to direct letter transfer

6. Pencil - used for lettering and sketching

7. Technical Pen - used for Gothic letters

8. Leroy Lettering Pen - used for engineering and architectural

lettering

Order of Strokes in Lettering

The first letters that should be studied are I, L, T, F, E, H. These letters

are the easiest to draw because the basic strokes are vertical and horizontal.
You should practice making these letters according to the models.
The next group P, R, B, U and J requires close study because of the
introduction of the curved line aside from the three already given.
The last group of letters is C, G, O, Q, D and S which are based on the
circle.
The M and W must be printed wider than the other letters. It is suggested
therefore that its width should be greater than the other letters by 25
percent. The letter I is the thinnest letter.

RHEA F. GUEVARRA 13

09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

Making Numerals

All mechanical drawings involve the use of numerals; hence, they should be
studied closely. Notice that in the figures below are all 6 units and 5 units wide
except 1. All figures are composed of the essential strokes found in the letters
which are straight and curved. See Figure 1.1

Single stroke vertical upper case letters and numerals

Figure 1.1

Single stroke vertical lower case letters

Figure 1.2

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 Single stroke inclined upper case lower case letters and numerals
Figure 1.3

Single stroke inclined lower case letters

Figure 1.4

RHEA F. GUEVARRA 15

09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

How Much Have You Learned?

Self - Check 1.1

Directions: Multiple Choice. On a one whole sheet of paper, write the letter of
the word or group of words that will make the statement complete and
correct. Don’t forget to put your name and section at the top of your
paper.

1. Which of the styles of letter is applicable for engineering drawing?

a. Single stroke gothic letters
b. Commercial gothic letters
c. Modified roman letters
d. Modern roman letters
2. This proportion of letters is only used when the space is enough.
a. compressed
b. extended
c. normal
d. lightface
3. Among the letters below, identify which of them has widest width?
a. N and O
b. M and W
c. C and X
d. H and L
4. Which of the statements below clearly define the meaning of rule of
stability?
a. This refers to the standard rules to be considered in printing
the letters
b. This refers to the styles and methods of printing the letters.
c. This refers to the three forms of proportion of letters.
d. It is a standard guideline to be observed in using the different
lettering tools.

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 5. Which of the proportion of letters below is applicable for limited space?
a. compressed proportion
b. extended proportion
c. normal proportion
d. boldface proportion

II. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. Discuss the effect of the lettering on the drawing when it is not properly
printed.
2. How important is lettering in the drawing?

RHEA F. GUEVARRA 17

09994191203/09053725157
 Department of Education
Division of Oriental Mindoro

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

It is not enough that you learned concepts on different lettering styles and
Techniques. Be sure that you are also able to demonstrate the skills.
Do this activity.

Activity Sheet 1.1

LO 1. Perform different lettering styles and techniques

Direction : Illustrate the selected letters below in the form of Commercial Gothic,
and Roman letters on a graphing paper. Do not forget to write your name and
section at the bottom part of the paper

A, B, K, M, R, X, and Y

ASSESSMENT RESOURCES

Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
7
4
Neatness
25
20
15
TOTAL 100

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