MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

ELEMENTARY SURVEYING Page | 1

FIELD MANUAL

FIELD WORK NO. 6

Azimuth Traverse Using Compass and Tape

COURSE AND SECTION:CE120-2-0F / A2

SUBMITTED BY: Regencia, Irish Mae M.

NAME: Regencia, Irish Mae M. STUDENT NO.: 2016141762

GROUP NO. none CHIEF OF PARTY:.
DATE OF FIELDWORK: 10/10/20 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 10/16/20

SUBMITTED TO: Engr. Charmaine Czeninia Reguindin

PROFESSOR: Engr. Charmaine Reguindin

GRADE
 Table of contents

Title page………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1

Page | 2
Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………2

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………..3

Objective ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….4

Instruments ……………………………………………………………………………………………….….4

Procedure and computations ………………………………………………………………………..6

Preliminary Data sheet …………………………………………………………………………….…..7

Final Data Sheet……………………………………………………………………………………….……8

Result and Discussion……………………………………………………………………………..……12

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………13
Introduction

For this fieldwork we will be connecting lines. A traverse is a series of continuous

that connects lines of known lengths that related to one or another. The lengths of the
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lines should be identified by direct measurement of horizontal distances, slope
measurement, or by indirect measurement using the methods which is called "Stadia" or
the sub tense bar. The line courses should lie between the series of points are called
"traverse stations”. Traverse stations have angles, between the lines are being
measured by using a tape, transit, compasss, theodolite, plane table. These angles can
be deflection angles, interior angles, or angles to the right. azimuth and the lengths or
bearings of each line of the traverse are estimated through field measurements. The
lengths are horizontal distances, and the bearings or azimuths are absolute true,
assumed, grid, or magnetic. The traverses have two classes or types. A first class
traverse is an open traverse. This starts at a point of known or horizontal position with
respect to a horizontal datum, and terminates at an unknown horizontal position. Thus,
open traverses end without closure. Open traverses are used on route surveys, but
should be avoided whenever possible since they cannot be properly checked.
Measurements in open traverses should be repeated to minimize mistakes. A closed
traverse is called a second class traverse. It starts at a known or assumed horizontal
position and terminates at that point (i.e., loop traverse), or it starts at a known
horizontal position and terminates at another known horizontal position (connecting
traverses). Both the measured angles and lengths in a closed traverse maybe checked.
A known horizontal position is defined by its geographic latitude and longitude, its Y-
and X-coordinates on a grid system, or by its location on or in relation to a fixed
boundary. Traverses are used to find accurate positions of a small number of marked
stations. From these stations, less precise measurements can be made to features to
be located without accumulating accidental errors. Thus, traverses usually serve as
control surveys. When drawing construction plans, the stations can be used as
beginning points from which to lay out work. When new construction of any kind is to be
made, a system of traverse stations in the area must be established and surveyed.
Closed traverses provide the primary method used in checking surveying field work.
Traverse closure and adjustment procedures are used to distribute error in
measurements. Mathematical traverses performed on a computer are used to check
surveying work such as mapping and legal descriptions. A radial traverse uses one
fixed reference point to create a traverse relative to that fixed point. In other words, you
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begin at point A and capture the points around the perimeter of A. You are always
standing at the same fixed point but you are capturing multiple vertices. Radial
traversing is ideal for quickly establishing a large number of points in an area, especially
when a total station instrument is employed. They not only enable the angle and
distance observations to be made quickly, but they also perform the calculations for
azimuth, horizontal distance, and station coordinates in real time. Radial methods are
also very convenient for laying out planned construction projects with a total station
instrument.

OBJECTIVES:
1. To acquire knowledge in getting the area of a rectilinear field by staking station
on each corner points on a piece of land.
2. To learn how to read the horizontal angle of a theodolite.
3. To learn how to perform a closed azimuth traverse survey using compass and
tape.
4. To develop the ability to lead or to follow the designated/desired task of one’s
party or group and to be fully responsible in the performance of the assigned
task.
INSTRUMENTS:

 Compass
 Leveling Rod
 Metric tape
 50-meter tape
But due to the new normal situation, I was not able to use the listed instrument said
from the manual. So as an alternaltive, I used the following to help me perform this
experiment
Compass App - to determine the
Azimuth of each point. Page | 5

2m Meter tape – I used this to

measure the taped distance.

Masking tape – I used this to mark

where is point A and point B. and also
to mark the cut distance since I only
have a 2m meter tape.

Yarn – I used this yarn to see or mark

the pentagon shape. Alternative to
chalk.
PROCEDURES AND COMPUTATION

1. The student assigns the corners of the rectilinear field to be observed. These
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points must be visible from each adjacent point and must be accessible for
setting the instrument. Mark each point of the lot by chalk on pavement. Name
the points as stations 1, 2, 3, etc.
2. Set-up the theodolite on the 1st station. Orient the instrument to the magnetic
south after leveling. Make sure that the tubular and bulls eye spirit level are
correctly calibrated to minimize errors.
3. Set the horizontal vernier to zero reading.
4. Sight the next corner station and record the azimuth reading in the horizontal
vernier. Compute also for the bearing of this line.
5. Sight the last station and record the reading of the horizontal vernier for its back
azimuth to be used for checking the traverse later.
6. Follow the same procedure until the last station is reached.
Page | 7
 FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELD WORK 6 AZIMUTH TRAVERSE WITH COMPASS AND TAPE

DATE: GROUP NO.:
TIME: LOCATION:
WEATHER: PROFESSOR: Page | 8

A. TABLE

STATION STATION AZIMUTH TAPE BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE

OCCUPIED OBSERVED DISTANCE
N S E W

TP1 TP2 218 3.53 S 38o W 2.78 2.17

TP2 TP3 257 2.56 S 77o W 0.58 2.49

TP3 TP4 334 4.02 N 26o W 3.61 1.76

TP4 TP5 67 3.50 N 67o E 1.37 3.22

TP5 TP1 153 4.09 S 27o E 3.64 1.86

TOTAL AREA = ____20.39 m2_______

B. COMPUTATIONS
L cor. D cor. Adj. Lat Adj. Dep DMD DPA
0.402858757 0.27 -2.38 -1.9 -1.9 4.523
0.292158192 0.19 -0.29 -2.3 -6.1 1.756
0.458779661 0.3 4.07 -1.46 -9.85 -40.09
0.399435028 0.26 1.77 3.485 -7.825 -13.84
0.46676836 0.31 -3.17 2.17 -2.17 6.885
0 0 -40.77

Latitude
Dcos𝜃 = 3.53cos (38) = 2.78
Dcos𝜃 = 2.56cos (77) = 0.58
Dcos𝜃 = 4.02cos (26) = 3.61
Dcos𝜃 = 3.50cos (67) = 1.37
Dcos𝜃 = 4.09cos (27) = 3.64
 Departure
Dsin𝜃 = 3.53sin (38) = 2.17
Dsin𝜃 = 2.56sin (77) = 2.49
Dsin𝜃 = 4.02sin (26) = 1.76
Dsin𝜃 = 3.50sin (67) = 3.22 Page | 9
Dsin𝜃 = 4.09sin (27) = 1.86

L correction
𝑑 3.53
𝑥 𝐶𝐿 = 𝑥 2.02 = 0.402858757
𝐷 17.7

𝑑 2.56
𝑥 𝐶𝐿 = 𝑥 2.02 = 0.292158192
𝐷 17.7
𝑑 4.02
𝑥 𝐶𝐿 = 𝑥 2.02 = 0.458779661
𝐷 17.7

𝑑 3.50
𝑥 𝐶𝐿 = 𝑥 2.02 = 0.399435028
𝐷 17.7

𝑑 4.09
𝑥 𝐶𝐿 = 𝑥 2.02 = 0.46676836
𝐷 17.7

D correction
𝑑 3.53
𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 1.34 = 0.27
𝐷 17.7
𝑑 2.56
𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 1.34 = 0.19
𝐷 17.7
𝑑 4.02
𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 1.34 = 0.3
𝐷 17.7
𝑑 3.50
𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 1.34 = 0.26
𝐷 17.7
𝑑 4.09
𝑥 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥 1.34 = 0.31
𝐷 17.7

Adjusted Lat
Latitude + Lcor. = -2.78 + 0.402858757 = -2.38
Latitude + Lcor. = - 0.58 + 0.292158192 = -0.29
Latitude + Lcor. = 3.61 + 0.458779661 = 4.07
Latitude + Lcor. = 1.37 + 0.399435028 = 1.77
Latitude + Lcor. = -3.64 + 0.46676836 = -3.17

Adjusted Dep
Departure + Dcor. = -2.17 + 0.27 = -1.9
 Departure + Dcor. = -2.49 + 0.19 = -2.3
Departure + Dcor. = -1.76 + 0.3 = -1.46
Departure + Dcor. = 3.22 + 0.265 = 3.485
Departure + Dcor. = 1.86 + 0.31 = 2.17
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DMD
DMD1 = -1.9
DMD2 = -1.9 -1.9 – 2.3 = -6.1
DMD3 = -6.1 – 2.3 -1.45 = -9.85
DMD4 = -9.85 -1.46 + 3.485 = - 7.825
DMD5 = -7.825 + 3.485 + 2.17 = -2.17

DPA
DPA1 = DMD x Adj Lat =-1.9 x -2.38 = 4.523
DPA2 = DMD x Adj Lat = -6.101 x -0.2878 = 1.756
DPA3 = DMD x Adj Lat = -9.85 x 4.07 = -40.09
DPA4 = DMD x Adj Lat = -7.825 x 1.769 = -13.84
DPA5 = DMD x Adj Lat = -2.169 x -3.1732 = 6.885

Summation
4.523
1.756
-40.09
-13.84
6.885
= -40.77

40.77
Area = = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟓 𝒎𝟐
2
C. SKETCH
5

4.09
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3.50 1

3.53

4.02

2
2.56

Figure 1 ; Pentagon used

 Page | 12

Figure 2 : Measurement in Point 1

Result and Discussion

In this field work, the student must apply the analysis in computing for the
azimuth and bearing to be used in determining the area by DMD method. In this field
work, the students were tasked to determine the area of the 5 points or a pentagon
using azimuth traverse. First, we mark 5 points and measure the length between two
points. Using the compass, we determine the azimuth of each point. We used the north
as the basis or reference point at every point. The measured azimuth are the following;
218, 257, 334, 67, and 153, respectively. After getting the azimuth, we solved for the
bearing and calculating for the latitude and departure. The latitude is computed by the
length by the cosine of the bearing. The computed latitude are -2.78, -0.58, 3.61, 1.37, -
3.64, respectively. While the departure, is equal to the length multiplied to the sine of
bearing. The computed values of departure are -2.17, -2.49, -1.76, +3.22, and +1.86,
respectively. When the latitude and departure is balanced, it could be used to solve for
the DMD and the total area of the whole pentagon. The total area of the polygon
computed is 20.39 m2. This field work did not consume much time. Hence, the
computation part was the confusing one.

Conclusion Page | 13

In this fieldwork, we were successfully able to compute for the bearing, latitude,
and departure within a traverse using measured azimuth of the polygon. Originally, we
were supposed to solve for the area of a polygon using azimuth traverse which is
measured using the theodolite but due to lack of equipment and “new normal”.
However, because of the lack of means and equipment, we were not able to
demonstrate all the original objectives of this experiment. Despite this, we were still able
to learn about computing for the area of a lot given using the measured azimuths. The
balanced latitude and departure, which was obtained by either adding or subtracting the
respective corrections, are used to solve for the Double Meridian Distance or DMD. The
product of DMD and balanced latitude is then the Double Area. Errors could be present
if there is discrepancy with the use of corrections. Through this experiment, we were
able to learn how these computations can be useful in the field.