2 Aug 2022 PRACTICE TEST 16 – ESC 20

LISTENING
Part 1: Listen and complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR
A NUMBER for each answer.
CYCLING HOLIDAY IN AUSTRIA
Holiday begins on (1)__17th April_______________
No more than (2)_16________________ people in a cycling group
Each day, group cycles (3)__45 km_______________ on average
Some of the hotels have a (4)_swimming pool________________
Holiday costs (5) £_1,013________________ per person without flights
All food is included except (6)_snacks________________
Essential to bring a (7)__helmet_______________
Discount on equipment at (8) www._ballantyne________________.com
Possible that the (9)__route_______________ may change
Guided tour of a (10)_theatre________________ is arranged

Part 2: You will hear a man called Toby Merchant talking on the radio about his job as an
engineer. Listen and choose the most suitable answers.
1. When did Toby get a job with Atkins Engineering?
A. when he was a university student
B. as soon as he finished university
C. six months after he finished university
2. What is Toby working on at the moment?
A. a new motorway B. houses and flats C. a new airport
3. When Toby began working, he was surprised to spend so much time
A. talking to other people B. sitting in an office C. designing buildings
4. Young people often don’t choose engineering because they think
A. it’s hard to get a job B. it’s probably boring C. it’s not well paid
5. What is a disadvantage of the job for Toby?
A. He finds it difficult to take holiday
B. He can’t organize his spare time
C. He works too many hours

Part 3: Listen to a radio program about the history of the Yo-yo and complete the notes.
1. The first yo-yos appeared in France by 17th century_____________
2. The earliest evidence of the yo-yo is a painting on a _vase____________
3. The first yo-yos may have been used as _weapons ____________
4. The first yo-yos may have been made from _rock____________ attached to a string.
5. The name yo-yos seems to have originated in France_____________
6. Pedro Flores’s design allowed the yo-yo to be used for doing various _tricks____________
7. Pedro sold the idea of yo-yo to a _business____________ in 1929.
8. All yo-yos were made by one company until the year __1965___________
9. One recently-designed yo-yo is said to possess a _brain____________
10. The raw material which is still used in all yo-yos is _cotton____________

LEXICO- GRAMMAR
Part 1: Choose the best option to complete each of the following questions.
1. After several hours on the road they became ______ to the fact that they would never reach the
hotel by nightfall.

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 A. dejected B. resigned voluntarily leave, accept that something
undesirable cannot be avoided. C. depressed D. disillusioned
2. One of the organization’s aims is to ______ information about the disease so that more people
know about its symptoms.
A. disentangle free (something or someone) from an entanglement; B.
deride ridicule C. dwindle dmn grad in size D. disseminate
3. Dealing with ______ refusal from an employee is easier than dealing with false compliance.
Nhường nhịn
A. an offset something that serves to counterbalance or to compensate for
something else B. a remedial giving or intended as a remedy or cure. C. an agile able
to move quickly n easily D. an outright open and direct, rather than indirect. [...]
4. Did you see Jonathan this morning? He looked like ______. It must have been quite a party last
night.
A. a wet blanket B. a dead duck C. a death warmed up D. a bear with a sore
head cáu bẩn
5. In the ______ of security, personnel must wear their identity badges at all time.
A. requirement B. demands C. assistance D. interests
6. I must ______ my Spanish before I go to Seville.
A. make up for B. break out of C. brush up on D. cut out for
7. She has scrawled me a note in her familiar ______ handwriting.
A. scratchy B. scruffy: cau có C. rusty: hoen gỉ D.
sloppy: luộm thuộm
8. Education should be a universal right and not a ______
A. deliverance B. enlightenment C. privilege D. liberty
9. I know you're upset about breaking up with Tony but there are plenty more ______
A. horses in the stable B. cows in the field
C. tigers in the zoo D. fish in the sea
10. On Sunday, Vivian studied for seven hours ______
A. on end B. at once C. in full D. at length: in detail
11. Stephen really lost his ______ when his dental appointment was cancelled again.
A. head B. voice C. calm D. rag
12. We were working overtime to cope with a sudden ______ in demand.
A. boost B. impetus: => body moves C. surge D.
thrust=> rocket moves
13. It was decided that the cost of the project would be ______ so it was abandoned.
A. repressive: inhibiting or restraining the freedom of a person or group of people.
B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive
14. She was determined to become wealthy and to that ______ she started her own company.
A. view B. aim C. end D. object
15. He made a number of ______ remarks about my cooking, which upset us.
A. slashing B. stabbing C. chopping D. cutting
16. She is afraid she is rather ______ about the existence of the ghost.
A. skeptical B. partial C. adaptable D. incapable
17. I am sorry to have bothered you, I was under the ______ that you wanted me to call you.
A. mistake B. miscalculation C. misconception D. misapprehension
18. Many children who get into trouble in their early teens go on to become ______ offenders.
A. persistent B. insistent C. inverted D. innate
19. ______, Americans eat a light breakfast. They usually don’t eat a lot of food in the morning.
A. By and large B. Fair and square C. Ins and outs D. Odds and ends
20. If that boy doesn’t stop stealing, he will ______ in jail.
A. end up B. bring about C. get round D. go by

Part 2: There are ten mistakes in the text below. Underline the mistakes and correct them in
the space provided.
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 Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of
communication without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be find => found
in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to impinging => imping on the
environment in such way that it => attracts attention as the dots and the dashes of a telegraph
circuit. Coding to refer => referring to speech, the potential for => of communication is very great.
Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A
stop sign or a barber pole conveys => convey meaning quickly and conveniently. Symbols are
more difficult to describe than signals and signs because of its => their relationship with the
receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding => applausion in a theatre provides
performances with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also
communicate some certain cultural message. Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are
very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to share without
=> within the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver.
Your answers:
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Part 3: Complete the following sentences with suitable prepositions or particles.

1. Paul won't do anything without asking his wife first. She's really got him_under________ her
thumb. (control)
2. The thing I don't like about my present job is that we often have to work up to
10 hours_at_________ a stretch. continuously
3. The party was already in____________ full swing by the time they got there.
4. He didn't have time to prepare a speech, so he had to give one _off_____ the cuff. Wout having
prepared
5. Throughout the flight, he was very much on_______edge and didn't start to relax until the plane
had landed. tense
6. I'd love to come to the concert with you but I can't, I'm afraid. I'm_up_____ to my ears in work
this week.
7. Playing squash once a week was his way of letting off_________steam.
8. "I think Arsenal are the best football club in Britain." "Come off______ it! What about
Liverpool, then?" not believe, strongly disagree
9. The club welcomes all new members regardless of________age.
10. He finished his speech_w________ tremendous applause.

Part 4: Fill in each blank with the correct form of the words.
Historically, Mars was thought to be the most likely planet to habour life. There is a range
of such (1.believe) beliefs______ in popular culture as expressed in literature, radio and films.
Public fascination with Martians began in the late 19th century when astronomer Giovanni reported
(2.observe) observations______ of large channels on Mars in 1887. In 1897, Well’s War of the
World was the first major work to explore the (3.conceive) concept______ of the “extraterrestrial
invader” and exerted a substantial influence on the public psyche. A few years later, even
(4.knowledge) knowledgable______ astronomers such as Lowell seriously advocated the
(5.possible) possibility_______of life forms as described in his book Mars as the Adobe life.
Consequently, Mars began to take a special place in popular culture around the turn of the 20 th
century, continuing until today. However, this does not (6.little) belittled______ the unique role of
Mars in the history of science. Specifically, the (7.document) documentation______ of the
movement of Mars by Kepler led to the formation of his three laws of (8.planet) planetary______
motion which shattered notions of astronomy and laid the foundations for the (9.dicover)
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discoveries______ of Newton. Like no other planets, Mars has left (10.replace)
irreplaceable______ marks on human imagination and thought.

READING
Part 1: Read the passage and choose a suitable word to fill in each blank.
History is full of inventions that looked good at the time, but which nobody wanted to buy.
New ideas may fail for one of several reasons. Firstly, there are those which do not (1) _______
work very well when put to the test. Then, there are the ideas which are good in themselves, but
which do not fulfill a real (2) _______ .In other words, people can (3) _______ without them, so
do not buy them. A third group are those which are too expensive to manufacture. But none of
these reasons explains why, in the 1990s, no new technology was (4) _______ in replacing the
compact disc as the means of packaging recorded music.
The 1990s was a period of rapid technological change, particularly in the area of electronic
(5) _______ for the home. During this time, a number of alternative technologies were invented
that could have replaced the CD, but none of them (6) _______ on. The new ideas worked, were
not (7) _______ to make and would have provided consumers with (8) _______ quality
recordings. Despite all this, few people bought them. And this can only be explained by the (9)
_______ that people who had invested in CD players and discs of their favorite music did not
think the improvement in quality on (10) _______ was great enough to make it worth the effort
and expense of changing.
1. A. hopefully B. truthfully C. carefully D. actually
2. A. like B. need C. wish D. want
3. A. be B. make C. do D. have
4. A. profitable B. rewarded C. successful D. attempted
5. A. supplies B. machinery C. appliance D. equipment
6. A. kept B. held C. caught D. took
7. A. cheaply B. costly C. dearly D. hardly
8. A. broader B. greater C. further D. higher
9. A. fact B. answer C. reason D. response
10. A. production B. demand C. offer D. available

Part 2: Read the following passage and use ONE word to fill in each gap.
Cell phones have been 1. popular_____ in Japan since the early 1990s, but it was not until
1999 that their use really took 2._off_____. The age of cell phones has emerged but with it come
3._problems. Cell phones are used on business trains, in restaurants, and in all areas of life. They
cause problems when they 4._ring_____ during meetings, concerts, weddings or 5.even______
funerals. What’s more, people speak loudly in public and students read and text messages during
lessons. More seriously, when a cell phone is used near a person using a pacemaker to regulate his
heartbeat, its radio waves may 6._interfere_____ with the functioning of the machine. Now,
something is being done to solve these problems. In many places, new technology is being used to
7._replace_____ the cell phones. Airline passengers are requested to stop using cell phones while
on 8._board _____. Concert halls ask their audience to switch their phones to 9._silent_____
mode. However, phone 10._users_____ fear that if they do not answer their phones, they will lose
valuable business opportunities. That’s why many do not turn off their phones even when they are

Part 3: Read the passage and choose the best answer.

It stands to reason that galaxies, large star systems that contain millions or even billions of
stars, should collide with one another fairly often, given that the average separation between

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galaxies is only approximately 20 times the diameter of the average galaxy. In contrast, stars
almost never collide because the average distance between stars is astronomical, perhaps
10,000,000 times their diameter.
Using a telescope, it is possible to find hundreds of galaxies that appear to be colliding.
However, when two galaxies appear to come into contact, there is in reality no direct contact
between the stars of one galaxy and the stars of the other. Instead, the two galaxies pass through
each other, and the gravitational forces in the two galaxies alter the shapes of the galaxies, often
producing tails and bridges. One well-known pair of colliding galaxies, for example, is called the
Mice because each of the two interacting galaxies resembles a mouse with a long tail, and the
Whirlpool galaxy appears to be connected to a smaller galaxy by means of a bridge extending
from one of its long spirals. It is impossible for astronomers to monitor the changing shapes of
colliding galaxies because the interactions between galaxies last hundreds of millions of years, but
it is possible to study galaxies in various stages of collision and draw conclusions about what
happens when galaxies collide.
In certain situations, when two galaxies collide, they do not always pass through each other
and emerge as two separate galaxies. In one situation, if two galaxies are moving slowly enough,
they may collide and then may not have enough velocity to escape each other's gravitational pull
after the collision. In this case, the two galaxies will collide, and then move past each other, and
then be pulled back to collide again, and continue this way until they eventually merge into a
single galaxy. In another situation, if a much larger galaxy comes into contact with a smaller
galaxy, the larger galaxy may absorb the smaller one in a process called galactic cannibalism. In
this process, a larger galaxy first pulls away the outer stars of the smaller galaxy and then begins
to pull at the denser core. While the process of galactic cannibalism is taking place and the two
galaxies are merging into one, the cores of both the larger galaxy and the smaller galaxy can be
clearly visible.
Some giant elliptical galaxies, with what appear to be multiple nuclei, have been found in the
skies, and astronomers once thought that these giant galaxies were giant galactic cannibals that
had consumed many smaller galaxies recently enough that the cores of the cannibalized galaxies
were still intact. One such galaxy, with what appeared to be eight separate nuclei, was found and
was used to put forth the hypothesis that galaxies could be voracious monsters capable of
swallowing up uncountable other galaxies simultaneously. However, further studies have shown
that the numerous nuclei that seemed to be part of a single large galaxy were in reality the nuclei
of smaller galaxies that were in front of or behind the larger galaxy. Thus, astronomers are now
confident that galactic cannibalism exists among a limited number of interacting galaxies;
however, astronomers are not convinced of the existence of cannibalistic galactic monsters that
swallow up large numbers of smaller galaxies simultaneously.
Signs of galactic cannibalism exist even in our own galaxy, the Milky Way. Astronomers have
found younger stars south of the galaxy's disk, where only older stars should be found, suggesting
that the younger stars formed when our galaxy cannibalized a smaller galaxy. Furthermore, it can
be clearly seen now that our galaxy is beginning to digest the Magellanic Clouds, which are small
irregular galaxies that are companions to the Milky Way and are visible in the southern skies over
Earth.
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 1?
A. Galaxies may contain billions of stars.
B. On the average, the distance between galaxies is around 20 times the diameter of a galaxy.
C. It is unusual for stars to collide.
D. The average distance between stars is 70 times their diameter
2. The author mentions tails and bridges in paragraph 2 in order to
A. provide a visual image of the parts of galaxies that have been affected by gravitational
forces
B. provide examples of the types of galaxies that tend to collide
C. describe the recognizable characteristics of the colliding galaxies called the Mice
D. create a visual roadmap of the routes that galaxies take through the skies
3. The word last in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by
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 A. end in B. endure for C. finish with D. lose out to
4. The word merge in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. divide B. swallow C. join D. appear
5. What occurs during galactic cannibalism, according to paragraph 3?
A. A larger galaxy is absorbed by a smaller one.
B. The first step involves pulling at the core of the smaller galaxy.
C. The outer stars of the smaller galaxy are absorbed by its core.
D. The core of the smaller galaxy generally manages to remain visible
6. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in
paragraph 4?
A. Astronomers have recently found some giant galaxies that have cannibalized a number of
galaxies.
B. Astronomers used to think that certain giant galaxies that appeared to have a number of
nuclei were galactic cannibals
C. When astronomers find galaxies with multiple nuclei, they know that they have found
galactic cannibals.
D. Even though a galaxy has multiple nuclei, it is not certain whether or not the galaxy is a
galactic cannibal.
7. The phrase put forth in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. encounter B. understand C. deny D. promote
8. Why does the author mention voracious monsters in paragraph 4?
A. To emphasize how violently the galaxies strike each other
B. To emphasize how much energy the giant galaxies consume
C. To emphasize how many smaller galaxies the giant galaxies seem to consume
D. To emphasize how really big the giant galaxies are
9. It is stated in paragraph 4 that scientists today are quite certain that
A. galactic cannibalism does not really exist
B. there is a limited amount of galactic cannibalism
C. galactic cannibalism is commonplace
D. galactic cannibals are capable of taking over numerous small galaxies at the same time
10. Based on the information in paragraph 5, what will be most likely to happen to the Magellanic
Clouds in the distant future?
A. They will become galactic cannibals.
B. They will develop separate nuclei.
C. They will become regular galaxies.
D. They will become part of the Milky Way

Part 4: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
A. The space around us affects us profoundly – emotionally, behaviorally, cognitively. In Britain,
that space is changing at a pace not seen for a generation. Surely psychology has something to
say about all this change. But is anyone listening? “There is a huge amount of psychology
research that is relevant but at the moment we are talking to ourselves” says Chris Spencer,
professor of environmental psychology at the University of Sheffield. Spencer recalls a recent
talk he gave in which he called on fellow researchers to make greater effort to communicate
their findings to architects and planners. “I was amazed at the response of many of the senior
researchers who would say: I’m doing my research for pure science. The industry can take it
or leave it”. But there are models on how to apply environmental psychology to real problems
if you know where to look. Professor Frances Kuo is an example.
B. Kuo’s website provides pictures and plain English summaries of research conducted by her
Human Environment Research Laboratory. Among these is a study using police records that
found inner-city Chicago apartment buildings surrounded by more vegetation suffered 52
percent fewer crimes than apartment blocks with little or no greenery. Frances and her co-
researcher William Sullivan believe that greenery reduces crimes so long as visibility is
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 preserved because it reduces aggression, bring local residents together outdoors and the
conspicuous presence of people deters criminals.
C. “Environmental psychologists are increasingly in demand” says David Uzzel, professor of
environmental psychology. “We are asked to contribute to the planning, design, and
management of many different environments ranging from neighborhoods, offices, schools,
health, transport, traffic and leisure environments for the purpose of improving quality of life
and creating better people-environment fit”. Uzzel points to the rebuilding of one south
London school as a striking example of how building design can affect human behavior
positively. Before its redesign, it was ranked as the worst school in the area – now it is
recognized as one of the country‘s twenty most improved schools.
D. Uzzell has been involved in a pioneering project between MSc students in England and
Scotland. Architecture students in Scotland acted as designers while environmental
psychology students in England acted as consultants, as together they worked on a community
project in a run-down area of Glasgow. “The psychology students encouraged the
architecture students to think about who their client group was to consider issues crowding
and social cohesion and they introduced them to psychological methodologies, for example
observation and interviewing residents about their needs”. The collaborative project currently
stands as a one-off experiment. “Hopefully, these trainee architects will now go away with
some understanding of the psychological issues involved in design and will take into account
people’s needs” says Uzzel.
E. Hilary Barker, a recent graduate in psychology, now works for a design consultancy. She is
part of a four-person research team that contributes to the overall work of the company in
helping clients use their office space more productively. Her team all has backgrounds in
psychology or social science but the rest of the firm consists mainly of architects and interior
designers. “What I do is pretty rare to be honest,” Barker says “I feel very privileged to be
able to use my degree in such a way.” Barker explains that the team carries out observational
studies on behalf of companies to identify exactly how occupants are using their building. The
companies are often surprised by the findings, for example that staff use meeting room for
quiet, individual work.
F. One area where the findings from environment-behavior research have certainly influenced
building is in hospital design. “The government has a checklist of criteria that must be met in
the design of new hospital and these are derived largely from the work of behavioral scientist
Professor Roger Ulrich” Chris Spencer says. Ulrich’s work has shown, for example, how a
view from patient’s window can affect their recovery. Even a hospital’s layout can impact on
people’s health according to Dr John Zeisel. “If people get lost in hospitals, they get stressed,
which lowers their immune system and means their medication works less well. You might
think that way-finding round the hospital is the responsibility of the person who puts all the
signs up but the truth is that the basic layout of s building is what helps people find their way
around,” he says.
G. Zeisel also points to the need for a better balance between private and shared rooms in
hospitals. “Falls are reduced and fewer medication errors occur in private rooms,” he says.
There is also research showing how important it is that patients have access to the outdoors
and that gardens in hospitals are a major contributor to well-being. However, more generally,
Zeisel shares Chris Spencer’s concerns that the lessons from environmental research are not
getting through. “There is certainly a gap between what we in social science know and the
world of designers and architects,” says Zeisel. He believes that most industries, from sports
to film making, have now recognized the importance of an evidence-base approach and that
the building trade needs to formulate itself more in that vein and to recognize that there is
relevant research out there. “It would be outrageous, silly to go ahead with huge building
projects without learning the lessons from the new town established between 30 and 40 years
ago,” he warns.

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Choose one correct heading for each paragraph
I. A comparison between similar buildings
II. The negative reaction of local residents
III. An unusual job for a psychologist
IV. A type of building benefiting from prescribed guidelines
V. The need for government action
VI. A failure to use available information in practical ways
VII. Academics with an unhelpful attitude
VIII. A refusal by architects to accept criticism
IX. A unique co-operative scheme
X. The expanding scope of environmental psychology

0. Paragraph A: _VII__
1. Paragraph B: _i_____
2. Paragraph C: _x_____
3. Paragraph D: _ix_____
4. Paragraph E: _iii_____
5. Paragraph F: _iv_____
6. Paragraph G: _vi_____

Which TWO of the following benefits are said to arise from the use of environmental
psychology when planning buildings?
A. better relationships between staff
B. improved educational performance
C. reduction of environmental pollution
D. fewer mistakes made by medical staff
E. easier detection of crime

Which TWO of the following research methods are mentioned in the passage?
A. the use of existing data relating to a geographical area
B. measuring the space given to a variety of activities
C. watching what people do in different parts of a building
D. analyzing decisions made during a planning of a building
E. observing patients’ reactions to each other

WRITING
Part 1: Rewrite the sentences beginning with the given words/phrases.
1. Her disappointment was such that she started to cry.
She felt so_disappointed that…
___________________________________________________________
2. There is rumour that the famous spy escaped to Russia.
The famous spy_is rumored to have escaped to Russia.
_______________________________________________________
3. The deadline for the completed application form is on Friday.
Completed application form must__be due on Friday.
________________________________________
4. I don’t think he can work out the answer to the problem in 30 seconds.
I doubt _if he can work out the ans…
_____________________________________________________________
5. She never finishes work on time despite her hard work.
No matter _how hard she works, she never…
___________________________________________________________

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Part 2: Rewrite the sentences using the given words.
1. Brian was about to blurt out my secret when I attracted his attention. (EYE)
Had I _not caught Brian’s eyes, he would
have_________________________________________ blurted out my secret.
2. Someone rang the police with information about an impending robbery. (TIPPED)
The police was tipped off_____________________________________ about an
impending robbery.
3. Paul meant well so you mustn’t be offended by his comments. (AMISS)
Please _dont take Paul’s comments
amiss________________________________________ because he meant well.
4. Some improvements will have to be made if you all want to pass this exam. (SOCKS)
You will all _have to pull your socks up______________________________ if you want
to pass this exam.
5. No one listened to what the politician was saying last night. (EARS)
What the politician was saying _fell on deaf ears_______________________________
last night.

Part 3: Passage writing

Some teenagers believe that personal values are decided by their outside appearance rather than
their inside potentials. To what extent do you agree with the viewpoint?
You should write at least 150 words.

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THE END

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