PRE-INTERMEDIATE

-••••
PEARSON
---.-,-..,,.
Longman l
lan Lebeau Gareth Rees
 CONTENTS

Presenl simple and present Internet news reporl5 about

continuous: state and action Modiíiers: quite. \'l'ry. real/y, extreme weather
extreme/y Magazine interview with a
Present simple and present Adventure hollday aclivities documentary film-maker
conlinuous: c¡uestions Guidebook entry

Past simple: time Personality adiectlves Newspaper article about a

cspresstcns marathon winner
Pasl continuous Biography of Frida Kahlo

The media Webpage interview with a

Nelalive pronouns Nouns: pholography I media worker
phatographcr Article about news
TV prcgrammes organisations around the
world

Present perfect (1): time Podcast dirPctory íur a

expressions healthcare ch,uity
Presenl períect 12): for and MagaLine article about food
,ince for ,1 healthv mind

Comparison: comparetjves Landscapes Texl from a lravel book

and superlatives, tess, the Adjectives to desaibe about Rora Rora
leas/ places
Expressions oí quantity Animals Magazine eructe about
Nouns and verbs: damage animal invaders
nlv

wi/1, mighl and m,lj: A ges An adveet for an inslilulc of

prcdi<.tions Negative adjeclives: un- and future analysls
Firsl conditional -toss Newspaper article .1boul low
birlh rate in Germany

I ANLIJA(.f lt \DI K PRE-1 T[R\.1[01ATE

 UNITS 1-6
Speaking/
Listening , Pronunciation
News report about a Oiscussing extreme weather
hurricane Talking ahout different
types of weathcr and season
prcfcrences
Pronundation: intonalion for
agreeing/disagreeing
lnterview with ,1 maralhon Talking about Mothcr Teresa
winner Discussing crcativity and
creative people
Pronunci,,tion: 1\.1\ were.
word stress
lnlerview with a media Oiscussing types oí media
worker Talking aboul news
A lecture to students on a companies
language course
Pronunciillion: sentence
stress
Podcasl cxlracts: hcalthcarc Talking about life
charity workers experiences
Discussing foocl ancl dicts
Pronunciation: intonation
rc�,no c¡ut>slion�
TV programme about Oiscussing islands
islands Dcscribing places
Tutorial discussing proble ms Talking about animals
with lime management
Pronuncialion; wcak forms
Meeting bctwcen a Talking aboul the changcs
futurologist and a business tcchnology has broughl in
investor life
Oiscussing family tifo and
diífcrcnl tvpes of families
Prnnuncialion: 11h,1t'I/, word
lmking
Study & Writing
Scenario skills
Latin American advenlurc Uslng your dictionary:
Key language: Agreeing and Understanding meaning
disagreeing
Task: Oesigning a holiday A guidebook entry
Llnkers: and, but, afso, when
Sharing a flal Learning styles and
Kcy languagc: Descrtbtng strategies
pcoplc
Task: Choosing a new Keeping a learning diary
flatm,1tc linkers: unid, at (irst thcn,
at the momcnl, aflenv,1,ds
That's enlertainment! Working with olhers
Kcy language: Making
suggeslions A TV programme review
Task: Planning a TV
programme
Health al work Guessing thc meanlng of
Key l;,nguage: Giving aovrcc unknown words
aud reasons
Task: Giving health advicc A thank you ernaü
111
Animals onlinc Time management
Key language: Oescribing
photographs A comparative essay
Task: Choosing photos for a Llnkers: in conlrasl, bol and
web sil e whereas
Farnily rnalters Correcting your wriling
Kt•y langu;igc: Expre��ing
opinions An articlc
Task: Spcaking on ,1 talk Linkers: so, JS, howe\Cf,
show becausc o(
lANC.lJA(,l ll,\DII{ PRl.·INT[RMCDIAT[
 CONTENTS
had to and could
Verb patterns
Fulure intenlions: going to,
hoping to, would fike to
Presenl simple passive
Presenl continuous for
future arrangement5
Pasl simple passive
Present perfect continuous
Phrasal verbs
Second conditional
too and enough
Communication Activities (p110-125) • Language Reference and Extra Practice (p12&-149)
LA,GUAGE LlADlR PRE·INTERMEDIATE
TV programme reviews
Nouns, adjectives and verbs Webpage biography of
with prepositions Stephen Hawking
Newspaper artide about
problems for women in
science in the UK
Sleep Email exchange
-íngt-ed adjectives Magazine artide about
people who work al nighl
A Maori legend
Wurk Company email
Compound nouns Webpage about the uses of
Business gold lo industry
Process of the early stages oí
chocolate making
reople and organisatlons (ncydopaedia entry about
Adjecllves the United Nations
Hlslory oí Microsoft
Global warming Essay aboul global warming
Conlainers and materials Email correspondence about
packaging
Action group newsletter
Sports Open letter lo the Prime
Personality types Minisler
Magazine arlide about
female football rans
An adverl for a sports
psychologist
 UNITS 7-12

Speaking/ ! Study & Writing

Listening Pronunciation I Scenario skills
lnterview with a forensic Oiscussing rules and Ideas and innovations Making notes
scientisl regctanons in everyday life Key Janguage: Developing an
Talking about altitudes to argument Describing charts
science Task: Choosing the best
invention
Pronunciation: Voiced/
unvoiced consonan! pair¡

A talk aboul slecp Talking about sleep A night our lmproving your memory
Problem rnlving Key language: Expressing
preferences A story
l'ronuncialion: lnlonation in Task: Planning a nighl out Time expresstons
\Vh- qw-uons

Consultan! interviewing Ranking crileria for a job lmport-exporl Giving a short talk
employees Asking people if they used Key l,1nguage: Negoliating
to ... Task: Making a deal Describing a process
Talking about industry linkers

Pronunciation: used to,

sentence stress in proposals

Conversation aboul a General discussion aboul An Olympic bid lmproving your listcning
schedule the United Nations Key language: Adding Preclicting conlent,
A talk about lnlerpol Talking aboul big busínesscs emphasis l'reclicting vncabularv,
and globalisation lmportance markers
Task: Making a presentation

l'ronunciation: Pau<,mg and A for and against essay

cmphatic stress linkers: .1/tho11gh, cm me
other h,1nd, thNtdor('

Documentary aboul global Talking ahout the causes and local regeneration Exploring reading texts
warming cfíects of global warming Key language: Question tags
Discussing ways lo reduce Task: Allocating funds A reporl
waste

Pronunciation: lnlonation in
quesuon tags

Curren! affoirs programme Talking aboul sports Sports psychology Doing exams
onTV What would you do if ... Key language: Conversattou
lcclure: Giving studcnts Discussion abnul rhe FIFA íillers A formal email
advice about an l:ng1ish Football World Cup Task: Doing a survey Regtster, Punc tuation
exam
Pronu11d,1tion: lnlon,11w11 ,n
h�IS

Audios<.:ripts (p150-165) • Irregular Verb list (p166) • Phonetic Charts (p16n

lii§IH!MiifiiQII PRí-l�R�AT0
 Weather
1.1 EXTREMES

I VOCABULARY: the weather

1a Match the photos A-0 wilh the types of weather in Ql �······ y� -- -(11171•

the box. Do you have any of this weather in your countryt

blia,ml drought hurrk,rnc <,IOrm

OnlineNews WEATHER

1b Read these Internet ncws rcpcrts. Which situalion is
the most serious. Why?
2 Choose the correct wurd 1-8 in the news reports.
l!'s three days after Hurricane Katrina hit the
US coast. but New Or1eans is still suffering
from strong 1wind / fog and heavy 2rainy /
rain. Thousands of people are waiting far
help. Half of the ctty is underwater and the

I LISTENING I army is still repainng the river walls.

The green and pleasant land of England is

3a ID Listen to this British news report aboul Florida, in turning brown. After two cold. 3humid / dry
the USA, before a hurricane hits. Number the sections of the winters and 4hat / rain summers. the south-
report in order (1-4). east of England is experiencing a senous
,ll lates! inforrnation ahout this bunlcanc O drought. Many lakes and rivers are now
h) lntcrvícws with mcmhcrs of thc puhlic O Swet /dry.
el the connec tion with global warmtng O Following yesterdays blizzards and the
dt n<'w's about thc poltcc O heavy fall of 6snow / c/oudy. the potce 1n
New Zealand are using helicopters to reach
3b Listen again. Are these sentences true or false? hundreds of people in the countryside lt rs
1 ThC' man in thc house docs 1101 bavc much food. stil1 very 7warm /windy and the a,ce/ sun rs
2 The woatbcr al the coast is currcnth bad. causing problems far the rescue teams
3 i lurricancs .irc unusual in this area.
4 Thc pollee officcrs are in the poi lec statlon.
5 Pvcrv yr,ir thcrc are more strong hurncanes.

6 IIJfflfl@ Wcather
 D

GR A M MAR: present simple and
oresent continuous
4a Which of these sentences are in the present
simple (PSH Which are in the present continuous
(PC)?
1 \l fbo momcnt. l'm CO\l'rin� tbe ,, inckl\,., \\ ith
2 \\t.• al\\,1\,;; hclp cvcrvonc.
3 Ihc numbcr 01 <.!ron¡.: hume ancs 1,;,
4 \\,lrm <.t',1,;, cause hurrk.mes.
How do we make negative scnteoces with these
tenses?
5 Underline the main verb in tbese sentences. Are
they state or action verbs in these exarnplest
1 11 i<; <.till H'í', c old rodav.
2 11\ toming tm,,irrl., Floficl..l.
3 1 h,l\C' ,1 lot 01 food mm, hou-,c.
4 Hunicancs .are gC'll1ng <uonger.
\\1Kxl.
5 l know about tbc d.mgcr.
in<..rC'.i,;,in¡.:. What tense do we usually use for state verbst
6 Complete this Internet news report. Use thc
present simple or prcsent continuous of thc verbs.

4b Match the senlenccs 1-4 above with these

grammar notes.
•
Thrre are heavy SlOOTIS 111 the UK. Winds of 60 kilometres
.11 n,¡,. ,., ,1 r<.'µul.ir .u non or h.1h11.
per hoor l� (M) the west ccest, with more storms later
Iu Th,., ¡., ,m ,1< tron h,1p(X'n111¡.: nm,. or ,uounrl O<I\\. this 'Nttkend Experu say that these stonm are unusual.
<.1 TI11,;; ¡,;; ,l Í,ll t or gt.•nN,11 lruth. 'Today, these storms l (bt) llffY strong Wt. usually
dr Thrv i'> ,1 trcnd d.<'. ,1 t.h,mgm� crtu.uiont. J (get) t.has km of weather 111 the w.nter, not now.'
_. l•n-� rO:"Ít•rr...-t" .1nd e,tr. pr nce �· l!fi L.?- Tht hNvy rain"-- (ColUse) ma¡or transport problems
- currently, Ult" trams and femes s _ (not worti:).
4c Complete tbese senlcnces. Use the prcsenl
simple or prescnt continuous oí the verbs. Tiw emttgerw:y Sffi'icts ft � local residents. 'Rlght

now, we 6 (ll'ICM) people to safe areas and we

1 'Bo quu-t! / to thc 11('1." on rhc radlo. •li,1t.•ni
7 _ (g,,e) then hot food.' A group ol fuhennen an, lost
2 In lnd1,1, most r.1111 U'>LMlh in tlw sunuucr at iN .ld a rescue team •-- (look) íor them. We
monrhv, lunc to \ugu,1. ,i.111, '- _ (not u� fty) 111 IM kind of weather, but today
3 L ,ghtnmg tlw Fmprrc Statc Buikhng in '"" '°-- (nol be) a nonnaj day.
,orl... )00 tunc-, t•\t'í\ w,ir. rtnt

4 Ihe-c d,1\<., mon• r.1in in \u<,lr,1h,1 bcc JU',(.' or

glob..11 \\.1m1mg. li,1111

5 11 in lropi< ,11 < ountncc hkc lir,1111. 1/lol ,mi\\, I SPEAKING

6 11 now. lt•t\ Aº lo rhc p,HI.... ,nol r,11111
7 Discuss thesc qucstions with a partner.

Thcre are twc hpe'i oí vcrbs: state verbs and actlon 1 \\ h,11 c,lrC'lll(' \\t',1thC'f' d1,c,. ,our loun1n h,1\<.>?
verbs. Sratc vcrbc uvuallv describe Ieclings and 2 \\ h,11 probk•nl!> cloc"- tht.• t•,trrmc• \\l•.1thl'r l,lll"P?
sltuatlonc. e.g. be, bevo. Aclion verbs describe
3 Do \OU thml.. \()Uf ( ounlt'\ <, \\ (',llht.•f' i, t. h..mµ1ng?
acuvitlcc and movemcnts. c.g. hit, pf.i)�
4 \ \ hic.h t, IX"' 01 "t.•,1ther do rlon't \OU 111..<•? \\In
\\h, not?
hol <óU/111\ d,l\ ._ í.Jlll\ cl,I\ ..

t lt•,1r. uild dJ,, \\ ,irm. < lomh d,l\,

hot. hum1d cl,1, 'i < ool. t lomh d.n ..
\\ incf\ cl.1, .. IC>J,:g\ cl,l\ <;
<.torn1, d,1, <; '110\\ \ rl,l\ <.
\\'cather 7
1,2 WINTER

A
Yes, rt does. Generally speaking, wmter starts in September and tasts
unbl May - so tor about nine months. ln the north, the sun never nses m
December and January and rt's dark nearty ali day.

8
Well, mmus 30 or 40 degrees Celsrus is normal, bu1 m northern Srbena the
temperature sometimes drops to mmus 60 or 70 degrees.

e
One reason is that m the far north, the sun is always low in the sky and
produces ver; httle heat, so the ground stays cold all year. Another reason
is that freezmg wmde come down from the Arctic because there are no
mountains or trees to stop them.

D
lt often snows, but it's rarely heavy In the far north, snow cover lasts
between 260 and 280 days.
E
Yes, they are. Defmitely. Western Srbena is gettmg warmer faster than
anywhere in the wor!d. In fact, rt's actualty mettmg. And m sorne places
m eastern Srberta, dangerous gases are ns1ng from the ground. They're
stopping the surlace from freezmg, even m the rrnddle of wmter. But n's
st1U very coldl

I READING ANO SPEAKING I 4 Is it rcallv ( olcU

5 IJtW<; winter l,1c;t .:i. long lime?
1 Discuss these questions with a partner. 6 Wh,11 do J.:u,;.;i,1n<; thmk about rhcir cold w inlerc;?
1 Are thcrc scasons in your e nuntf'\? lf -o. \\ hat\ 7 1 S('('. \Vh,11 obout <;mi\\? How much snow is therc
vour favouritc scason/ Why! in Sibcri,1?
2 Do vou llkc wintcr! Whv I Wll\ no!� 8 \Vh<1! about ,ou? Wh,11 do vou thinJ.. ahout ,,intC'f
3 \\lh,1t do you kno« about wintcr in Ru�si,1? Wh.11
in Siheri,1?
do you knm, about Silwri,1! 9 And ,,h.11'<; lifc> lil..t•? I'- it VCI'\ difficult íor pcoplcz
10 Thal'<; iru.rcdihle! \\'h, ic; il so rnld?
2a Rcad the introduction to the texl quickly.
Where is the text from? 2c Complete these sentences with une or two
1 ,1 guidcbook to SihNi,1 words. (The words you need are in the lext.)
2 .i book .ibour cltrrutc chango 1 wintcr \a<,I<, fnr abcut in Siber¡a.
3 ,1 magazine abour rv progr.1mnw� 2 Iempcraturcs oi minu-, "O dcgrccc are no! .

3 Thc ground s1,1,.., cold bccau-o produces ,el'\

2b Read the res! of the text. Complete it with littlc heat.
thcse interview questions. 4 In sorne pl.n cv in eavem Siht.•ri,1 ore mdting
1 Rc.ill) e \\lb\ do thev do th,11! rhe frozcn ground.

2 l lm, do pcoplc kccp warm/ 5 A lot ut things in thc ,t.•f'\ cold cnnrli11or, ....
3 b tho cllm.uo than�ing? Are" intcrv fil'Hin� 6 Pcople \\l'ar to tccp warm in Srbor¡a.
\\armcr?

8 @i§llii Weathcr
 WINTER 1�2
F GR AMMA R: present simple and
They wear fur. ln the West, we constder fur a luxury, but rt'e present continuous questions
the only thmg that keeps you warm when rt's ex1remely cold.

G 4a look al Exercise 2b. Which questions are

Yes, 11 rs. Without gloves, your fmgers freeze. The little havs in the present simple? Which are in the present
m your nose freeze too. lt's quite scaryl The tyres of cars continuous?
and !ornes bursl Sometimes children can't go to school
because rt's so cold. They have !essons on TVJ 4b Match 1-3 with a-e to complete these
grammar notes.
H
1 \ Vhcn tx• is thc nu¡n verb. wc m.ike prcsont
Actually, they don'! mmd them. They eojoy a lot of outdoor
sports. lce-skatmg is the number one sport - rt's rea11y simple qucstlons
popular. They also üke cross-country skimg and ice-hockey. 2 \\lhcn the main vcrb isn't bo, WC' mokc
Remdeer racmg is quite popular too. Sorne people swrm ín prcscnt simple qucstlous
nvers and lakes In the sub-zero temperatures. 3 Wc makc prescnt conlinuous qucstions
;iJ \\ ith tho ,1u-.:,li;ir)' vcrb do/doc-: + subjcct +
They say there are health benetrts to swlmmmq m icy water. infini1ivc 01th0111.1in vcrb.
lt's a way to avcid colds. Also, rt's a real commurufy event
Everyone takes part - men, women and ctuldren. b) with thc auxlltarv verb am/i�/,m' + subject +
-mg íorm oí 1hL' ma¡n wrb.
J () with am/i)/,ue bcíorc thc subject.
WeU, to tell you the truth,
I love 1tl In my home c1ty, Sa Underline the qucstion worcls in Excrcise
uverpcot the winters 2b. What other question words do you know?
are usually cloudy and
mild and I don't hke them • Laoguage refercncc and evtra practice,
much. You don't get many pages t2h--127
days when the weather's
fine, you know, sunny and Sb Pul the words in order to make questions.
not ram1ng. In Srbena it's Then ask ancl answer the questions with a
drfferent, On bnght sunny partner.
days, rí'e very beautiful. 1 ,;ad vou da)'S do on fccl doudv
2 \\l',mng \our tcochcr wh,1t's torlay

I VOCABULARY: modifiers
3 l:ngli.,h .HC' fun lcaming )'OLJ for
4 time vour how spcnd freo you do
3a Match these comments about ccld weather in London 5 frlcnds doing whnt nm, an- )Ollr
with the temperaturcs.
·1 11'� vcry cold. / lt's r(.•,111) told.
Se look et these answers to questions about
lhc tcxt in Exercisc 2b. Write thc questions.
2 11\ ('X\rl'tn('l't cold. 1 In 5C'p1ernh(.'r. \\f}¡pn does wint<'r .�1.ir1!
3 11', qul!o rnlrl.
2 In northcm Sihcri,1.
3 Bt•t,1ll'it' it's ,ll\\J)''i low in 1lw skv.
A
[!) .L"\... 4 0,1ngerou<; ga<..C'<...
-S'C C..:,J 8'C 5 Yl''i, 11 is. Í,lSll'r 1h;in ,líl)'Whcrc in the world.
6 Ye,, thcy do. Thc h.iirs in \our no�· ín-ezc too!

1'C I SPEAKING I
6 Work in groups of three. Do the quiz about
winter on pagc 110.
3b Use the phrases above to talk about the winter
months in your country, or other places you know.
fl\ tN1<1//1 very foµ¡,:} in 111} cil\ in Nmcmb(•r, ,md it's I WRITING I
t'\lft>/l!('/\ (O/ti in /.JIHhlfl.
7 Write four or five sentences describing
winter in your country.

Weather @11§1118 9
I SITUATION 2b Look al these notes about two possible
countries. Which do you think is best for Double
1 a Look at the advert below for Double Action Action Adventures? Why?
Adventures. Why does the company have thls name? ,iOtilttL\ZN lll'l,,WTIN�
Would you like to go on one of their trips?
lo fue mot irrta1rei llnh 1'lllibtm.i.oa,t
1 b Match the difíerent activities in the advert lo AdivttiM,: moorttain tre'O:irM3 thru-Ga-1 �'rtarctil wi\dlifo cn.iJSt
the photos A-J. ""'""'<i&"'J
sea J:ajal''"'J ""' ""''"
Wiather:
2a Read this ema¡l from the boss of Do u ble Action
Winter co\d and. wiOO'i
Advenlures. What does he want his staff to do?
(Mardi to Odober)
•
"""""" sin<\¡ aod �·
�I Jom..._,.,.. <IH con, (Nowmber to ftbn""j)
--2!! j I AII otalf

- 1 ,...,.......ir<1av-l�l,.l,nAnM!,a

DearAII
!>LUZL

We need your suggestions for two countries for our
new holidays in Latin Amenca.
Remember, ideal ccuntnes offer a) a ranga of activities
and locations and b) somethlng unusua! or different.
Our main customers are adventurous young adults, but
we're interested in sorne new customers:
• 'first-timers' - people having an adventure holiday
for the first time.
• older adults (40-60) - active, rich, perhaps retired.
Let's have a meeting next week to discuss all your ideas.
James Ross
l'<,tivitiu: On tht wa,t &vi"'J. sea "'l'""'l
In tht ju"'Jlt jun<JI• lrelOcing. .t,rt,- .atoe rafhng
Wtathf.r: lZ-aifl'j fU50ft Jt1ne to October - � rain
k19u5t to Novembtr - numl.3l1t sr.ason
""'9' tunporatur, >\ • e
Drj """"" Novmiber to M>j
a\ot.f'agt, temperati.lfT. '30 C.
Ja m Listen to Diana and Simon (two DAA
employees) dtscuss the two countries above. Which
country do they think is the most interesting? Why?
 Latin American adventure 1�3
3b Listen again. Who has these opinions: Diana, i•iM,Uhi3EtJmi!
Simon or both of them? Writc D, Sor B.
1 Ihc An1,m lit trip ¡, ,1 gond thing. H Sa mlnlonation íor agreeing/disagreeing Listen
to these phrases 1-4 and match them wilh the
2 The summcr soasen in thc Antarclic_ is not \Cr) long.
intonalion patterns a-b.
3 lhc v cathcr in IIH' moumalnv is ,1 problem. 1 So do l. 3 Ncithcr do l.
4 Normal or simple ,Kli\ ilir'<, .H(' gond for firct-timcrc. 2 Don't you? 4 Do you?
5 The ,Kti, itit"'ó in Hclizc are ver, good.
6 Thc dr, "tw,on ¡._ thc bcst lime to go to Beli7.c. a)� b)�'
7 A sevon-moruh holid,w sr-ason ¡., nol vcry good.
Sb Listen again and repcat.

«tv LANGUAGEc 6a Do you agree ur dis.igret' wia1 tnese

agreeing and disagreeing slatcmcnts? Wrile your answers.
1 1 think horso ridi11g Is lntcrcstmg.
4a m
Listen and complete these sentcnces from Do yovt I don't. I So do l.
thc conversation with do, don'I, so or neith�r.
2 1 don't hkc ,,all,..ing in srrong wtnd.
1 n: l 1hink thc Antarcth wildlifc uui"e is a grc•at idea.

�=
3 1 don't think ,111 Ant.uctic cruisc is .1 good idea.
1\lmm. do L
4 1 think whnc-watcr r,ifting is dangcrous.
2 I don't ltkc thc wcather in the mountains.
"n, 5 1 w.1111 to go �ea kavaklng.
No, do l.
6 1 w.1111 to go di, lng.
3 I don't likc thc activitics - thc) 're verv tirdint1r).
"o: \oti? 1 do. 6b Tell your partner your opinions. Does he/she
4 n: Scvcn monthv. l rhtnk that\ good. agrec with you?
'e .. ou? l'm not <urr-. I cíon't 1/Jin/... lwr�t' ricling 1\ inl('fl',ting .
- Don't }Out Ido. I Nt•i1/wr do l.
4b Jn which sentcnces do they agree? In whlch do
they disagree?
I TASK: designinga holiday

7 You work for Doublc Aclion Advcntures. Work

with a partner to find out about two more cnuntries.
Studcnt A: l ook at thc notes on p.igP 111.
Student B: 1 ook .u thc notos nn page 1 11.

8a Rcad the email from the boss in Exercisc 2a

again. What do you think oí the íour holidays? What
do you think of the activities? How long is lhe best
season for the holidays? Is the weather OKf
Make notes.

8b Compare ynur ideas with your parlncr and

choose the bes! two countries for Double Action
Advcnturcs.

OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

Wh.1t do you think about ... ?
I think this is a good nne hecausc ...
Wha! ahout ... ? l'm not surc.

Weather @fi§Hli 11
 STUDY SKILLS: using your 4a Dictionaries often tell us the opposites of
dictionary: understanding meaning words. look al lhis entry far /oud. We can see that
the opposite oí loud is quiet.
1 Many words in English have more than one
meaning. look at this dictionary entry for cold. 4[,ji[ .• /laod/adject,vc
Match the example sentences a-e with the something rhar 6 loud makes a lot ol norse
definitions 1-3. ) oppos.te QUIET: Tum that mus1c do.vn! l(s toa laudl 11
rould hcor /oud VCIICP.i,. argwng.
- loudt� adverb 'Stop!' sne shouted loud/y.
i{,j O. /bolJ/ ad¡ror,,e
1 scmethmg that ts cold has a low tempereture
and rs -ot warrn or hot From tnngmen Wordwisc Dictionary
2 cold food rs cocked. but is not eeten wtule u
1!". hot
3 a co1d person 1s not very fnendly or kmd Think of the opposites of these adjectives from this
unit. Check your answers in a dictionary.
1 long 3 heavy
Frorn Longma11 Wordwise Dictionary
2 strong 4 majar
a) Wc cat a lot oí cole! chicken and salad in thc
sumrncr.
4b Complete these sentences with the opposites.
1 Thcrc are only mistakos in your work.
b) Some pcoplc think !hat the British are cold.
2 lt's only a distance to thc coast.
e) Thc wcathcr's really cold today
3 1 don'! likc coffee.
2 The words in bold below are used to describe 4 My bag's very ,md casy to carry.
the weather. Turn to page 121 and look al their
other meanings. Write the number of the correct
definition.
WRITING SKILLS:
al Thal's a really cool fHrn. a guidebook entry
b) Sorne Thai fish soups are rcally hot.
e) Gabriella's �01 very dark hair. 5 l-low important are these things for you in a
d) Thcy always givc visitors a warm welcornc. guidebook? Give each a mark out of 5 (5 = very
e) 'How are you?' 'l'm fine, ttunks.' irnportant; 1 = not important).

t) His writing isn't clear. al how to gel thcre/ travcl .rround

gl This shampoo is far dry hair. hl mforrnation ahout thc woathor / whcn to go
h) Shc's a bright child. el lnformarlon about thc history of a plac e

i) 1 don't likc mild chcese. dl ploc cs lo visit / things lo do

el places lo st,1y
3 Definitions often gtve you more information than f) wh,1110 eat and drink
jusi the meaning of a word. Work with a partner and
gl prices (c.g. i1CC0111rnoda1ion, food)
answer these questions.
hl d,111gcrous pl,Kt'!> I pla(cs lo ,woid
1 What colour is .1 cloud?
il infornlil1ion Jbout hc,,lth scrvic.cs
2 Whcre do wc usuallv scc fog?
jl loc..al ft>s1iv,1Js ami ewnt�
3 Wh.:it happcns in autumn?
4 what kind of a storm is a hurricane? 6 Read the text from a guidebook to Mallorca and
5 Wrilc clown throc Iacrs abour il blizzard. answer thesc qucstions.
6 Whut docs thc sun glvc us? 1 Why i:, sprin1,1, th1..• hes! time to vi�it Mallorca?
Check your answers in a diclionary or turn to 2 \Vhilt happens 10 thc wuntr)'Sidc in the summcr(
page 111. 3 l-low long docs thc good we.i1hcr l;ist?
4 V\lhilt's thc wcath�r likc in ,,inler?
5 Tht' tcxt tell� us ,1 lot .,bout lhc wc,1thL•r. Wh,11 othcr
intnrrna1ion is in thc 1cxt1
6 Undcrlinc thc diffcrcnt are.·,,� of 1hc isl.:ind 1ha1 thc
lcxt mcntion,;, c.g. beac/1.

12 l@§ji@i Weathcr
 W RI T I N G S KI L L S 1�4.

MALLORCA
WHENTOGO SEASONS
Mallorca has an average of 300
SPRING \VINTER
days of sunshine a year. but don 't
'lhe bcst lime to \ kit Mallorca is in the <ipring Novembcr to February is
think you can have a beach holiday wlnter, when many hotels and
when the sun is not very <;trong. At lhis time.
in Novembcr or Ocrembcr! restaurants clcsc. 11 ran snow
pnccs (C'M'('pt duri11g raster '""í'k) an- still
quite lo«. but the wcathcr is often warm and during this pcriocl. esocctañy in

..... .,,m OC' damp and cold, �1K'<ially in

- -
it can cxtrcmely cold in somc towns

it is possrble to enjoy the beachcs, HoWC'\1.'T. th(' high mowuains.. and it gcb

- .......
-..-. -
thc rnountains. so come prepared.
SUM,\lER &. AUTUMN
l·rom mid-JunC', príces and tcmpcraturcs
Ivalldemossa. for cxamplc). Tiiis
is also the rainy wason.

-- •
rísc. By July and August thc island is
extrcmely hot and. inland. the rountr:yside
bccomes \'E'I)' dí). l)uring thcse months.
thc coast bccomcs vcry rrowdcd. From
mid-Scptembcr. príccs and

- remperatures begin to fall.

M•d•r•r"b••b s.
.. -
·- Thi!, is also a good time to

º- - -
· . visit as rhc fine mild
weethcr oflen íasts
intn tate October.

-· ·-
-
u.:..'"' -s-

•
' ••
-- ·-

7a Linkers Words like and, but, also and \ ve use . ..

whcn are linking words. We use them to
join ideas. Underline the examples in the
texl above.

7b Complete these definitions with the

words in thc box.

dtfforent Iact time \\ords

7e Choose the corred words. 3 'tou cen go e hite-water raüing but .im/\ou can't gn k.l,aking.
1 Thc waitcrs are fricndh ,ind bul thcv 4 A good lime to, isit vcnice is in w intcr a/so 11/wn it ivn't
spoak good English. crowdcd.
2 ThC' wcather's good in ,;pring. lt\ 1d1C'n 5 You can bm souvcnirs in thc betel bur .1/so thc pri<-e><; are
,1!�0 good in autunm. oftcn \ef} high.
6 Thc bcach is beautlful 11h<'n and it's ,me/ ,1/m a good place
1 ,ind to join 1\\ n or parts oi to go snorJ..clling.
,l Sl'OICOtl'.
8 Write a 'When to go' section for a guidebook about your
2 \\ hen tn talk about thc that country, area or city. Write about the weather, but also about
sornething happcns. sorne other useful facts (e.g. prices, crowds).

3 /mi tn odd somcthing or surpdsing.

4 .11!.o to add a new

\\'cather IIMIII 13
 People
2.1 INSPIRATION

I READING
1 a Look at the photo above and the newspaper
headline. What do you think the story is about?
1b Read the articlc and check your ideas.
2 Read the text again and answer thcse questions.
1 \\lhal cine" Chimokcl normallv do in her lifo?
2 V\lh,11 is lovcc Chope humba's joh?
3 \Vlw does Chimokcl nm in thcsc reces!
4 Wh,11 clu thc Kcnvans think oí her?
HOUSEWIFE RACES
OUT OF POVERTY
Yc,tcrcfa). Chimokcl Chilapong. a Kcnyan bocsewue anJ
mothcr of four. bcut hundrcds of profes .. ional alhle1e<. and
won the Nairobi marnthon und $12.tXX'J. Th1, "'b her first
mnnnhon mee nnd shc mn it in 2 hours. 39 minute, and 9
secenes. Thc othcr rurmcrx iucludcd profc<;!>iooah such as
Joycc Chcpchumba. thc thrcc time� winncr of thc London
manubon. Chirnol..cl only stnrtcd running a )eat ago. m
April.to pay for bcr childrcn's cdncnüon. No\\. m Kenya.
shc ¡., a hcm nrn.J un inxpirutlonal �NJn. People thml. '>he
j,¡¡ a dctcrmincd 110111:rn. a dcdicated mothcr anda talemcd
pcrson. Ncxt »cck. thcrc l-, :1 pan) in her honour
VOCABULARY,
oersonalitv adiectives

I LISTENING I 4a Find these adjectives in the text and Track 1.6

on page 150. Who do thcy describe?

3a III listen toan interview with Chimokcl after dcdicatcd dctormincd fricndlv
the race (you hcar an interpreter). Tick (.1) thc topics
hard-working holpful in,;pir,1ti(m,1I
shc talks aboul.
kind lovclv poticru 1.1 lcutcd
1 her rcasoro for running 4 her sports cquiprncnr

2 her brothcrs and slstors 5 her Iururc pl.ins

4b Choose the bcst adjectives. Use your dictionary.
3 her hu-band ,md chlldrcn 6 JllOll('Y
1 Sho i<; vorv dedi, .111•d ! lm l'I} fric•n<lly. Shc alwa�<,
3b Pul thcsc events in order of time (1-8). Then docs her trainlng.
listen again and check. 2 Her hu ...b.md i) l1t•lpfvl 1.1/('ntf'<I dt>tf'rminí'd. He

mokcs hre,,kf,i<;l f.'VC'r� momlng .

.u rrurrv Bonjarn¡n D el train P\N} rnoming O 3 Sho i<; \('Í\ 1..ind I p.Jtit•nt / dr•/Nmim d. Shc novor
1

bl scll .1 shocp D fl win tho marathon O ,top, ,111d shc w.tnt-, to <,U( u•NI.

Ll havc chlldn-n O gl lcavc -chool D 4 Shc i\ h,m/-1\ orl..i11µ m,pir,11io11,1/ 1..ind. M,Hl}
 dl <;l,1rt rurming O h¡ travcl to Naimhi D ¡woplL• nm, \\,llll to succccd likc her.

·14 l@§jlfj Pcoplc

I G �AMMAR, past s;mple / GRAMMAR TIP
Wc use in whcn we talk about vears and
Sa Match lhe beginnings and endings of these months: in 2006, in ful)
sentences about Chirnokel.
We use on whcn we talk about days: on
1 l lcr mothcr rlicd ono j car la ter. MondJY, on Sunday

2 Shc Icft school onc , car ago. We use al when wc lalk abour limes: ,1/
3 Shc m.micd Bcnjamin whcn shc \\as sixtccn. seven o'clock, at 8.15

4 Shc startcd tralntng in thc samc yc.tr.

We use the pas! simple to tatk about finished 7 a Timl' e'"prt>ssions Use these time expressions to
actions and situations in the past. We know, and makc true senlences about you. Then compare your
oftcn sav, the time of the action or situation. sentences with a partner.

Sb Complete these grammar notes with the verbs ten yC'ars agn \,hcn 1 ,,,is sixtecn las! \C',H
in Exercise Sa. l.1st WC'Ck in 200'> l.1<.f night on Sund,1,
You add -ca to thc lnñnttlve to makc thc past simple of
most vort». Thew are regular vcrbs, c_•.g. 1 . 7b Ask your partner about these lhings starting
Somctimcs vou only add -d, c.g. l . \Ve alsc When did you /ast ... ?
sorncumcs mokc a ,pclfing changc, c.g. { . ccx,k .:i me.,l cn!er ,1 r,KC or compctilion
M,m) comrnon vcrbs in thc pasl simple are irregular. ,,atch .1 film hu} sorne dothes
\Ve don't add -cd. \Ve uce
J rliffcrcn! word.
fosc_, s.omcthing go tu a muscum
t•.g.-1 .

Se How do we
make negatives, questions and I SPEAKING
short answerst What is different when the verb is
be? look al Track 1.6 on page 150 and check.
._ Language rcference and extra practice, pages 128-129

6 Complete lhe rest of the intcrview between

Chimokel and the journalist. Use the correct form oí
the verbs in the box.

he nof come ea! (x2> no! havc p, q>.1rc

run spcok <;lar train watch gel up

1: Tell uv more abcut rour training. How ldKJ. }OU

prf'pJr(• fer thc raed
t : Wclt, 1 !. cvcrv day. 1 i about ten

küomotrcs cach time.

J; Hcw did }OU tccl hcíure thc rece/
r : 1 4 a bit ncrvouc. 1 '-- ,11 fivc o'clock

be(au�(· J couldn'r slccp.

¡: í, vcu spccial food? Did vou h,l\t' ,1

spcclal die!?
r : tvn. 1 didn't. l - rnv norrru! food, ,, lth my 8a Look al the photo. Do you know this person?
f.:tmih overv da,. What did she do in her life? Discuss what you know

1: n your famil) the racc! about her wilh your partner.

t : i'.o, 1ht•r didn't. Thcv '1 to Nairohi. \Ve•

8b
'°-- thc muncv for that. Thcv 11
Work with your partner to complete her lifC' story.

in thc vtllagc. 112 to thcm on the phonc aftcr Student A: Turn to p.:igc 112.
thc r-u:e. Student 8: Turn to p;igc 1 14.
1: t'rn surc the} 're H.'f\ prnud oí \OU. Congratulauons.
Chimokcl.
8c Is there someone you think is inspirational? Tell
)'OUr partner.

-People MI@ 15
 2!2 CREATIVE LIVES
I READING ANO SPEAKING
1 Discuss these qucstions with a partner.
1 Are vou creativo. c.g. c;m )OLI sing, dr<M. pamt
dance, ctc.r
2 Which Iamous creativo pcoplc do you knov or likc?
2a Read the text quickly. Write clown two interesting
things you remember. Compare with other students.
2b Are these sentences true or false, or does !he
text no! say?
1 rri<fo Kahlo hada good cducatton.
2 Shc had two vcrv bad cxpcricnccs \\ hcn shc
\\a:, voung.
3 Shc was on n trarn whon a bus crashcd into it.
4 Shc sraned palntlng whcn shc me! Diego Rivera.
5 Shc travclled a lot in Mexico.
6 Peoplc dtdn'r lhink that shc was a talcntcd paintcr.
"16 @ij§ilij People
2c Find words in the text that mean:
1 ph)sit;ill) harrned something
2 bcc.oming hc;ilth� ag.r¡n (c.g. aücr en illncss or
acctdcnn
3 feding plcawd aboul your actlons. your f,in1ily nr
vour tmmtry hC<",lUSC' thev are good or succcssful
-i thc studv of ideas about lifc .md how pcoplc
shoutd livc
5 lookcd ,1\ somelhing and thoughl that i\ wa<;
ven good
Ja What do you think about Frida Kahlo? Would
you like to know more about her? Would you like to
see more of her paintings? Why ! Why not?
3b Think about sorne important events in your liíe.
What happened? Did they change your life in any
way? Tell your partncr.
 CREATIVE LIVES 2�2.
I G RAM MAR: past continuous
pronunciation

6a m Wds/WCrC listen te W,15 and were in

We use thc past continuous to talk about a longer these sentcnces. How do we pronounce them?
background action in the past, whcn a shortcr action 1 1 \\JS ,;inµing.
mterrupts it or happens during it. We use thc past simple 2 ·\V;:is shc c•.1ting?' -vcs. shc ,,as.'
for thc shorter action.
3 \Ve were studv lng.
al ShC' was travelling on .1 hus when a tram crashed into it. 4 'vvcrc thc-, runninA?' ')C",, thcv wcre.'
bl ShC' beg.m to p,1in! whlle she was recoverlng trom
thc accidcnt. ,m\ 6b ID listen and repeat thcsc sentences.

4a Match these time lines • 7 Choose a time (e.g. len o'clock last nighl)
with thc sentences above. and ask your classmates what they were doing
• al that time. Make a note of their answers .
Thcn report to thc dass.
4b Find two more examples in the text.
\t tm o'dod. /a,1 night f..ri�tin,1 and \l,rrin,1
4c How do we rnakc scntences in the past continuous 11 ('ft' dning tht'lf f1omC'11 nr/... Rom,m 11 ,1.,

(affirmative, negative and questions)? 11c11d1i11¡.: 1\.

wc also use the past conttnucus on lts own tu talk about

actions in progre,;,;; in the past. Wc oítcn uve a time
I SPEAKING I
exprcssion when we do this.
He �1.1\ doinµ ,, p,1i11ting 011 ,1 11,1/1,11 bcr school ot that time.
Ba mm You are going lo invite a famous
person from the pasl or present to dinner. listen
'What 1n•n' }OU doin¡.: al eleven o'dock las/ 11ighU' to the example and complete these sentences.
'/ W,H 11,l/C/Jin¡.: T\.'
._. language reference and e�tra precnce. pages 128-129

5 m Complete the texts. Use the past continuous or past

simple of the verbs and wrile in the missing names. Then
l think h<.' ,... as thc grC'alest cvcr.
listen and check.
2 He had ,1mazing ---------
3 He could _
4 He h.1d a hig iníluenll' on _
5 He 1,as also a m,rn. latcr in hi�
lifc, he gavc ----------
6 How did you fecl when you \IJCrc
eight )'ears old, and -------
oí Ncvv Orlcans for monc)?

ttassan ra1hy Junlchiro Tani:,;aki John lennon

A was an lnspirational Bnush musician

frorn Liverpool ancl in thc most fomous pop group of
JII nmc The Bcatles. ln 1980, he 1 Irctunu to
hls horno in New York when somrone z tshoon

and 1 11,,ill) him.

8 was an importan! Cg)pli,1n anhuect.

He'-- tdesign) his first butldmg 111 the 1930s, Bb Work with a partner. Who would you
whcn he�-- llcachl at rhc Facult) oí Fine Arts invite? Make sorne notes undcr these headings:
in Carro. He"'-- (build¡ modcrn hou,;{><; tn tho
hic;1her lite tcarl�, l,1IC'rl prr.;on,1li1,
him his .ibilitil"'i, .. �m�
traditional Egyptian style.
influl'lllC
C was J )JpanC'SC' \\ ntcr, He�--

(write) ahoul jopoocse culture and thc mflucncc ni I\\O quc><;lion.; vou \\Ould li�C' lo a�k him,hcr
western countries on lepan. 1n 1923, ,,hcn he 8
thvc! in Tokyo, a grcat carthouakc "- íde,.,tro)'l
Be Work in groups without your partner. Tell
your group about your guest. listen to the other
his home and he 10 tmover 10 Os.1k.1.
students. Then choose two guests lo invite.
P

c
!
o

7
2!3 S CE NAR I O
I PREPARATION ldUl111idH1Jmil
3a Wurd stress The word cunfident has three
1a Work with a partner. Talk about whcre you live. syllables: ccn-ft-dent. How many syllables are there
Do you llve with your family? Do you share a flat in the adjectives in Exercisc 2?
with fricnds?
3b l:IEJ How do we pronounce confic/ent? Listen
1b Imagine you are looking for a ílatmate. Choose and check.
five oí Lhe following things that are importan! to
you. What other things are importan! in a flatmate? •
1 coníidcnt 2 coníidcn!
• 3 confidrnt
•
Compare your ideas with your partner.

I\ ñatmatc should ... 3c IID Mark the stress on the adjectives in

havc similar intercsts to me not smokc Exercise 2. Then listen and check.
be friendly and sociable havc a job
be good-looktng be rich 3d Test your partner. Say one of the adjedives.
do his/hcr washing up be a good cook Your partner tells you the opposite.
be qulct nnd polttc be tidy
be honcst be clever I SITUATION I
2 IID Match these opposite adjectlves. Then listen
and check. Stephanie (a PhD student from Cermany) and Xu
Ming (from Hong Kong and works for an advertising
1 politc a) shy
company) share a three-bedroom flat in London.
2 friendly b) horrible They are looking for a new flatmate. Stephanie is in
3 confidcnt e) rude Cermany at the moment and she missed the people
4 nicc d) miserable who carne to see the flat. Xu Mlng telephones
Stephanie and tells her about the different people.
5 chcerful e) unfriendly
6 hard-working o stupid 4a 11!1 Listen lo part of their conversation. Do
7 ele ver g) quiet you think Stephanie wants this person to be the
8 chauy h) lazy new flatmate?

4b Listen again and complete

Stephanie's notes. Write one
word in each gap.

N,,,o/N,ho,afrnyJob
tv\.rtm, �-.wi, l .

p ""°'"''"1
At f...+. ..+ '"'1 , No+ 5
/t;ycJ-i'M'b� 'Su,,I'( horo;t ;Jk) 'I

�í<k«,
W.?f-Ulr� 5 Ofl T\': �� ltJte< 6 .

� 1
?k>o1c.< 1 � !,..rk,t. �,OY oÍoM �
Woan')¡, doino< 51,wt 11
x� M1�s op11110f1
ltffl to (r.1c:. ......rlti ;i 10 �,, Would
'" to q-i;yc:. Mfh a �ill\
 Sharing a flat 2!3
I KEY LANGUAGE, describingpeople I TAS K: choosing a new ftatmate

Sa m Complete these questions frorn !he 6a Work with a partncr. You are going to find
conversation. Then listen and check. out about the other people who want lo share thc
1 what's he flat. Write notes about each person under these
2 Wh,11 docs he likc•? headings.

Namc/Nationa lity/Job Appcarancc

3 Wh,11 he like?
Personallty Other infcrmaüon
4 you likc to live with him? LikevOislikcs

Sb Match the questions above with the sections of
the notes in Excrcise 4b.
Se Complete these sentences írom the
conversatton. Then look al Track 1.14 on page 151
and check. Which questions in Exercise Sa do they
answer?
Student A: Ask cbout Toslu. Then turn to page 1 13
and answcr B's qucstlons.
Student B: Turn 10 pagc 11-' and answcr
A's quostions. TI1l'n ask ahout Isabel le.
6b You and your partner share a flat in London.
You are looking for a new flatmate. Discuss each oí

1 Hc's shon brown hair. the three people, Martin, lsabelte and Toshi. Who
2 l lt> likc tha! Hollywood actor. would you like to live with?

3 He honcst and tidy.

4 He cortainly chatty OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

5 He works long hours, hc's hard-working. What du )'OU lhink of ... ?

Wh,11 ebour ... ?

6 He wotching sport on TV.
7 He nicc clothcs.
I likc I don't likc ... beca use ...
1 agrcocñsagrce.
Sd Choose someone you know, e.g. a friend or So do l. /Do you?
a mernber oí your family. Prepare answers for the
Neithcr do l./ Don'! you?
questions in Excrcise Sa. Ask your partner about
his/her person.
.,
 STUDY SKILLS: learning
styles and strategies
1 a llm Listen to two people lalking about thetr
experiences of learning a new skill and answer these
questions.
1 What dld thov leami
2 Did thcy cnjoy lcarning il?
1b Listen again and answer these questions.
1 Who hclped thcm?
2 Was it casy or difficult to lcarn?
3 How did they íccl whcn thcy could do it?
2a Work in a small group. Tell your partners about
something that you have learned successfully in your
life (e.g. a school subject, to ride a bike, to drive).
Use the questions in Exercise 1a and b to help you.
2b Write down one or two things that you learned
from the exprrience.
Everyone learns in different ways and very often
we can't say that one way is better than another.
However, there are things we can all do to improve
our learning. One thing is to understand better
how we tearn, and to know our strengths and
weaknesses.
3 Do this questionnaire to find out your learning
style. Give each stalemenl a mark out of 5 (5 = Yes,
a lot I easily, etc. 1 = No I Not al all, etc.). Then turn
to page 112 toread the analysis of your answers and
tips to improve your learning.
20 il@f Q Pcople I
•
o Can you remember any of the photos in Unit 1 of
this course book?
2 Do you find it easy to understand charts and diagrams?
3 To remember the spelling of a word, do you write it
down severa! times?
4 Can you find mistakes in your own writing?
5 Are you good at using maps?
6 Have you gota good memory for people's faces?
7 When you get a new piece of equipment (e.g. a DVD
player), do you read the instruction book carefully?
8 When you were a child, did you enjoy reading books
in your free time?
o9 Do you enjoy discussions about the subjects you are
studying?
10 Do you enjoy listeoing to lectures and talks?
11 To remember the spelling of a word, do you say the
letters alood?
12 Is it difficult for you to srudy in a noisy place?
13 Do you enjoy listening to books on CD?
14 Wheo you think of a phone number, do you hear the
numbers in your head?
15 When people tell you their names. do you remember
them easily?
16 When you were a child, did you like listening to stories?
G
17 Do you leam best by doing things rather than reading
about them?
18 Do you like doing experiments (e.g. in a laboratory)?
19 Do you enjoy role-plays?
20 Is it difficult for you to study when there are many things
happening around you?
21 Do you move your hands a lot when you're ta/king?
22 When you get a new piece of equipment (e.g. a DVD
player), do you ignore the instruction book?
23 In your free time, do you like doing things with yoor hands
{e.g. painting)?
24 When you were a child, did you do a lot of physical
activity in your free time?
 W R ITI NG S KI L L S
WRITING SKILLS:
keeping a learning diary
lt is a good idea when you are studymg Engltsh to keep a
learning drary. \Vriting makcs our thoughts and feelings
clearcr. 11 gives us 1hinking time and helps us tu organise
our ideas. I! also helps us lo make plans and to see our
progress and dcvelopmcnt. Writing about our learning
can hclp uc become better learners.
Thursday 20th October
This mornmg we leamed how to use phrases like So do f
and Neither do l. Jane's a good teacher. She explained
everything well and in the class I understood perfectly. Now,
l'm not so sure! 1 need to look at the lesson again tomorrow
- perhaps with my classmate Gozem - she's really elevar
and helpful! l'm glad I decided to come to this scnool (the
teachers and students are great) and at the moment l'm
very happy here.
Friday 21st October
Today I had lunch with sorne of my classmates and we
spoke a lot of English! Afterwards, Gozem and r studied
together and she helped me with the homework. 1 now
realise that I enjoy working with other people like lhis - it's
fun and l leam better than on my own.
Sunday 23rd October
I think my listening is getting better. 1 had a lot of trouble with
it unnl l carne here. Tois evening I watched a film ln English
on TV. At nrst. 1 didn't understand much. but then I started to
understand what the people were saying. 1 wrote down sorne
of the expressions they used in my vocabulary book.
2!4
4 Michal is a student ata language school in
Cambridge. Read the entries from his learning
diary and answer these questions.
1 What did Mkhal study on Ihursdav momlng!
2 Did he undcrst,md thc cxplanations in dass?
3 Why is he gtad 1h.1t he came to this school?
4 Does he !e.irn more on his mvn or in el group?
5 Wh� docs he think that his listcning is
improving?
5 In a learning diary you can wrile about:
1 }OUr feelings abour thc coursc/t.oursebook.
2 things vou find diffkul!.
J things you can do to hclp you lcam.
4 things )'OU lcarn about yoursclf.
Find examples of 1-4 above in Michal's diary.
6 Linkers Sludy lhe examples oí lhe linking
words until, at first, thcn, at thc moment and
aflcrwards in the text. Then choose the best
word lo complete thesc scntences.
1 ;\/ fi,�, At tlu• moment I couldn'I do thc
homework but until 1hen a fricncl explalncd
how to do it.
2 1\1 firslUnlil I was shy and didn'I ask Jll)
questions., \1 the momenl / Then I bccamc
more conñdcnr.
3 l'm cnjoving mv ne\\ coursc in this countrv
JI fip;/ / c11 lhe moml'nl.
4 1 didn'l use .m Enghsh-Engltsh dictionary ar
r/r,1 then hut then / el/ tho moment I m1liSt.•d
th.11 it \\as hcttcr than lranslating words.
5 r \\.lS \\Orking hard tmtil .1fteniarú)> m� llt'\\
ílatma!c arrh,ecl!
6 \Ve hada \'C'ry long and diíiicult exam this
,1fternoon. 1 fe>lt re.ilh tircd ,lh<'marc/� .11 fi�l
and \\en! lo hed earlv.
7 Start )'Our own learning diary. Write about
100 words and show it to your teacher. After
that, keep the diary for yourse/f. Try to wrilc
something every day or two. Aftcr aboul a
month, read the diary from the beginning.
Do you nolice any changes in your English,
yourselí, or in the way you learn?
11J§lld 21
 The media
MY MEDIA

VOCABULARY AND I READING

SPEAKING: the media
2a Callum Roberlson works for BBC Learning English. Read the
1a Pul these words into three groups: webpage about him on page 23 quickly. Do you think he has an
A for newspapers and magazines, interesting job/life? Why I Why not?
B for television and radio, and C for
computers and the Internet. (Sorne 2b Complete the gaps in the text with these phrases.
words can go in more than one group.) al 1 also warch a lot oíTV
hl I somcñmcs travel abroad to.g. China, Bra?ill
advcrt artíclc celcbrttv comcdv d loorn thc phoncmic sv mhols
com¡1ut<>r g,1me rc,tlil\ lV show di J startcd working íor thc BBC in 1998
dr.in1.1 ernail journalist ¡m..-scnter
produccr programrne
search cnginc series
documcmarv
'-OJJJ opero
I LISTENING I
stañon wcbcast Helen Frands is a journalist with a nalional newspaper. Every weck.
she writes an artide for the newspaper. The article is about how
1 b Are these statements true for your medi,1 workers use the media themselves.
country? Discuss thcm with a partner.
1 'vcwspapcr-, are horlng.
3a IID Listen to her tclephone inlerview wilh Callum. Which of
these different types of media does he use a Jot?
2 Ihcre are a lol oí ruagazines about
ncwspapcrs magoztncs tele, icion r,1dio thc Intoroet
cclobruies.
3 Soap operas are ali thc samc. 3b lisien again. Are these sentences true or false?
4 Computcr gamcs arc v iolent and 1 Callum docsnt buv a newspapcr everv dav.
cvpcnsive. 2 WhC'll he cvcles 10 work. he gcts one oi the ir(_,._, ncw-papcrs.
5 lourncltsts U'-U.l!h IL•ll thc truth. 3 Thc maga?ine"- th.it he rcads are mJinh computer maga7int,,;.
4 He likec; a ,arie!\ oí diffC'rent TV programmes.
5 He Hstcns to thc r,1clin ,, hen hc's doing other thtngs.
6 He onh U'>l'S the Internet ior business.
7 Tbc phvslcal fccllng oí holding ,1 newspapcr i,;; impor1,ml íor him.

22 11@181 The media

I GRAMMAR, articles Sb Complete this description of a TV adverl wilh
.1/.1n or the.
4 Complete these grammar notes with the words
Thcre's 1 funny advort on 2 TV al thc
in lhe box. Then find examplcs in the webpage text.
morncru. This is what happens. 1 honesr-
,l.lan thr no ar1idc I looking man and 4
gcning married. '>
beautifut woman are
woman is wearing <, _

1 ÜS(' \\ ilh plural nouns. to 1.111.. .ihour pcoplc cxpcnsivc wcdding drcss. 7 man looks vcry

or tblngs in general. happy. At the last minute. howcvcr, 8 woman

2 Use \\ ith ,1 singular noun, ,md to talk ahout runs away and q man is vcry surpriscd. Thcn

,1 pcrIDn's job. wc soe why. Outsldc. 10 car is waiting for

11 woman. We rcalisc that 12 woman
3 Use with singular or plural nouns. to lal], leves 13 car more than she lovcs 14 _
about a particular pcrson. place or thing, orto tall. man!
ahoul people, places or things your listcner knm,s
about.
Se Write four or five sentences about a TV advert you
Wc use a when wc talk about someone or
know.
somelhing íor the firsl time. We use thc when wc
talk about that pcrson or thing again.
l teten I rsncís ,� a joum,1/ist with a nation,1f I SPEAKING
now-poper: [v('rt 11'ft'.(, ,he writes an .mtctc for thc
ne11 'Pª/X''· 6 lnterview your partner about how he/she uses
the media. Use the questions in Track 1.17 on page
Sa Find examplcs of this use oí a and the in the text. 151 to help you. Ask about the things below and
• Language refercnce and extra practice, pages 130-131 make notes oí the answers.
ncwspapcrs m,1¡.;..i7inc-.; tclcvision radio
rhe Internet

Do you use Lhe media in a similar way to your

partner!

.
- ,.
lll'

What do you do?

I work on a BBC website for leamers of English ali over the world. I wnte matenal
for the srte. I erso produce and present ltve webcasts and features for radio and
online. I usually work in London but 1 .

What did you do befare you joined the BBC?

I was an English language teacher and teacner trainer. 1 taught in Japan,
Denmark, China and England. 2 when I wrote and presented a radio series

called English in Question. Toe series lasted for 40 episodes.

What do you do in your free time?

Most of ali, I hke playlng racket sports, particularly badminton and squash.
I enJoy scuba diving and I love hiU wafking. 3 and spend a lot of time using
my computer.

What's your best piece of advice for leam@rs?

Every learner is different so it's hard to give a single t1p. However, in general,
practise, practise, practise1 You need to work hard, so study the irregular verb
tables and 4_.
Thc media @IJ§III 23
 WORLD NEWS

I READING AND SPEAKI G I VOCABULARY, nouns

1 Discuss these questions in small groups. Sa Choose the corred word to complete these
1 I-IO\\ oúcn do vou ,,atrh thc ncws on tclevlsionz definitions.
\\ hich channcls do vou ,,atch? 1 A journ,,li�I / journ,1/i•m is sorncone who writcs
2 \Vha1 nrc the hig ncws stcries .:il thc momcnt? rcports ior tclcvísion. magazines, tclevlsícn or radío.
2 Joumalist / loumati-m is the job oí\\ riting rcports
2a Whal do you know about these news for tclcc ision, magazines, uewspapcrc or radio. or
companies? the subjcct rhat pcople studv.
BílC World Al lozecra tntem.uíoual
Onc\\'orldl\ AIIAirit,1.com ('N�
World Ne\\S 'eetwork !\VN,.coml

2b Read lhis article from a British in-flight magazine

and find out more aboul the news companies. Choose
the best tille for lhe text 1-4.

1 The cnd of Tv ncws 3 World OC\\ s. global llcs

2 Chcosc thc ncws 4 Local ncw-. real lile

3a Complete these sentences with thc names oí

the news companies in the text.
1 ,md .ue traditional. western newc
broackosrers.

2 , and are not tele, ision

cornpanlcs.

3 .md report sorne diñercot storics from

tbc rru¡n broarkasters.

4 , ,md emplee wcll-tralncd.

profes.. ional reporrcrs.

5 doc... no\ usu.rllv pa, its rcportcrs.
6 has a spcctal inlercst in pocr countrtes and
lh(•ir problcrns.
7 ancl are Internet siles that prm idc

links lo manv news produccrs.

3b Whal do these words in the text refer to?

1 rhcsc tlinc 81 4 it tlinc 2m
2 it dinc 191 5 lhl�' (lim.• 3-11
3 this companv rllnc 261

4 Dtscuss these questions with a partner. Give

examples and explain your opinions.
1 Do \ ou e, er \\ .uch ,m, of rhc international ncw s
channcls or gct vour ncws írom thc Internet?
2 \\'hich ne,,� cbenncls do vou trust?
3 ls the inueasc in non-proícs.. ional journalism a
goocl lhing?
4 \\'hat are thc advantagcs and dlsadv.mtogcs 01
ncwspapcrs. TV ami Inrcrnot news?
24 1@11@ The media
 WORLD NEWS
Sb Pulthesenuun..,inlulwogroups:Aforthe
person and B for the job or subject.
pbotographer art photograph,
sclcrulet polilil ian artist sciencc
pwchologv politlcs psvchologtsr
A: photograph<'r
R: photogr,1ph\
The main íutemnuonat broodcasters are BBC
World and C'v'c, With an audicncc of ovcr 1. 5
billion pcoplc. these are popular channcls thut
olTer ¡,,'OOd quality news progrmmnes. In both
IU companícs. thc journalists are expcricnccd \\ ritcrs
that produce Journalism oí ,1 hlgh standard.
l Iowcvcr, rherc are ahcmuuvc news channcls
which pcople wurch becausc they want a less
trnditional or non-western view on world cvcms.
1i ;\J luaccrn hucrnauonal is an Ambic lclevision
news company that starlcd an 1:nglish hmguagc
intcrnational channd in 1006. \\'ilh more thun
1 5 officcs and profcssional journalists ali over
thc world. it says it glves a frcsh vtcw on thc
.!U bi� srortcs and it shows thc ncws tlmt wc don"t
normally sec.
Thc Internet offcrscvcn more vurlcty; OncWorld
is an Internet sitc which has storics abom the
dc,·eloping world and human rights. rnthcr
_,
than thc usual storics ahout l'S politks ami
business. Thc wrüers for this company are ullcn
local pcoplc \\ ho writc the sroncs for free. This
non-professional jounmlism is incrcasing and it
ccrtalnly ofTcrs more choice.
111 All,\frica.com and \\l\''\.com are elso Internet
ucws :.itDi, bm thcy don't produce rhc ncws
sroncs. lnstcad. they have links to more than
�.000 ncws organtsattons ecross thc wurld. On
siles llkc thcsc. with a dick of thc mousc. rou
H sclect thc news th.n you u,1111 to S('C.
So. ncxi time you are in a hotel room. bcíorc you
turn on thcT\� pcrhaps you should turn on your
Japlop und dtscovcr the wcrld's news yoursdf.
I GRAMMAR: relalive pronouns
6a look al this sentence from the text.
fht' joum.1fi!>I!> an- t'\¡X'rienced 1\filer;,, th.u producf'
journ,1/i,m oi .l high st,mdard.
lt has two pleces of iníormation.
1 Thc joumallsts are oxpcrionccd ,, riter-,.
2 Thc journa[ists produce jourrulivn of a
high standard.
What are the two pleces oí inforrnation in each of
these sentences?
1 BBC World and C'\11' ere popular chonnclv that
makc gcod qualitv ncws pmgramrncs.
2 Oncworld i'i an Internet süc ,, hlch has ,:;toric-;
about rhc dcvcloping "orle! an<I hum.1n righls.
3 Thc "riters for this cornpam ,ire oítc>n local prople
"ho \\ ri11..• lhr <;tori('I; ior free.
6b look at the sentences above and complete
these grammar notes.
1 \\C' use ami to ]in\.. iniormatinn about
peoplc.•.
2 \\'r use ,md lo link informarion ahout
lhmgs.
• Language> re>ference and e�tra practice, pages 130-131
7 Join these pairs of sentences .
1 Politic.iani. are ,en importanl ¡,copie.
Politid,ms m.il..e the l,ms in ,1 countn.
2 The Unitt.'CI NJ!ion'i is ,1 global organisJtion.
The Unitcd Nation<; tries to <;ohc "orld problem<;.
3 1'.elson M,mdl'l,1 ,,as a gre.:it le,1der.
He made his counln a íairer pl.:ice.
8 We often use relative pronouns to makc
definitions. Match 1-3 wilh a-e and write wholthat
or which/that.
1 A journJlist is someonc
2 One\\orlcl is a cornpan�
3 Global is an adjec"li\e
JI mc,ms 'intcrn,11ion.:il' or 'all o,er the \\orld'.
bl writes storie<; for tele, j.;;iun .rnd nC\, "Jl,ipers.
c.l prO\,idc nC\,� about thc.• dl'wloping \\orld.
I SPEAKING I
9 Work with a partner to complete a crossword.
Studenl A: Turn to pagc 1 14.
Student B: Turn to page 117.
The media @ij@jiii 25
I SITUATION
1 Can you name any factual TV programmes about
these tapies? Do you like these programmes?
pnlitiu pop muste films business cars
comed, fashion cclobnües ,rnd forne
design naturc ancl thc cnvironrncnt
2a 1113 listen to the introduction to a ncw TV
programme, fame and Fortunc. Which of the tapies
in Exercise 1 does today's programme indude?
2b listen again and answer these questions.
1 What is the intcrvicw with the Ocputy Prime
Minister about¡
2 Whcrc do thc film directors come from?
3 What are 'Thc Hoodics'?
4 Who does Tony Coitan visil?
5 What docs Lynne Millcr do?
6 Who do )'OU think is the main audtcnce far this
programme?
a) childrcn and tecnagcrs
b) young working adults ��,<;�-;:__:;:'.:;::.
e) famities ""
d) clderly peoplc
pronunciation
3a llm Scntence stress We stress sorne words
more than others in sentences. Listen to the first
sentence of the introduction to Fame and Fortune.
Helio and welcomc to Famc ,md Fortune, the
programmc that hrings you the fre,;hcst ncws ami
view<; frorn the worlds of politics, business and
entertainmcnt.
3b listen again and repeat.
Je DIJ Look at the rest of the introduction in
Track 1.18 on pagc 152. Which words do you think
are stressed? Underline them. Then listen again
and check.
3d Practise reading the introduction aloud. Be
careful with the stress.
4a 11m listen to the programme development
team brainstorm ideas for fame and Fortune. What
ideas do they decide to indude in the programme?
What ideas do they decide not to include?
4b h listen again. What is the fresh angle for
eac idea?
_
 I
That's entertainment! 3�3
KEY LANGUAGE, Se Look atTrack 1.20 on page 152 and find more
making suggestions examples oí this language. Notice the different
grammar that follows each key phrase.
Sa 1111 Complete these sentences from the Sd You are making plans for a friend who is visiting
conversation in Exercise 4a. Then listen and check. you ncxt wcck. Complete the suggestions below.
!et'<; anv about don't <hall anything Then read your partncr's suggestions.
\\ hat should not 1 Why don'I \\.C ?
2 ters -----
1 ideas? 3 Lct's not _
2 Why we get sorne politicians on thc
4 We should
programmc? -----
5 What ebout ?
3 Lct's intcrvicw thcm about politics.

4
5
ask them about thcir lives.
clse?
I TAS K: planning a TV prograrnrne

6 \\le havc a llvc band on the programmc. 6a Work with a partner orina small group. You work
7 \\lh,11 intervicwing rich peoplc! in the programme development department oí a TV

8 \Vhat clsc we pul in the programmc? channel. Vou are going to design a weekly television

9 about somcthing with animafc;?
Sb Which of the sentences in Exercise Sa:
a) give ideas or suggcstions?
' b) ask for ideas?
programmc for the channel. Read the instructions
below and prepare sorne ideas and suggestions.
1 Decide on rhe targct audience far thc programmc,
c.g. tccnagcrs, young aduhs. eldcrly pcople.
profcsslonal peoplc, housewlvcs and house
husbands, malc or fcmale ...
2 Decide on thc day and time for thc programmc,
e.g. a wcckday lunchtimc programmc, a Saturdey
cvcning progr.1mme ...
3 Decide on thc contcnt oí thc programme, e.g. What
tapies should thc programmc covcr? How can vou
make it interesting for yovr !argel audicncc? Can you
think oí any frcsh anglos íor the toplcvi How many
prosemore should rhe programme have?
4 Decide on thc namc oí the programmc.

6b After you agree the formal, imagine the first

programme. Who are the guestst What are the
tapies? Wrile thc presenter's introduction to the
first programme.

6c Read your introduction lo the other groups. Be

careful wilh your scntence stress.

6d What do you think oí the other programmes?

Can you guess the target audience and broadcast
time for these programmes? Would you like to watch
any of thcm?

OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

Fine, bur ... Thal',; true.
l agrcc. but ... Pcrhaps that's not ,1 g<J(XI idea.
Exaclly. Great idea.
Reall)•? No, t don'! think wc should do that.
The media
IIJ§jifj 27
 STUDY SKILLS, 3c look al this list oí things we find when students
working with others work welt together. Match them with phrascs a-j
from the conversatlon.
1 Many tasks in this coursebook ask you to 'Discuss 1 Asking your partncr what hc/she thinks about a
with a partner' or 'Work in small groups'. Make a list topic
oí things you like about working in class with others, 2 Chccking tha! you understand somcthing
and things you don't like. Compare your ideas in
3 Asking your partncr to explain somothtng yuu
small groups!
don'! unclerstand
l liJ..<' e'(ch,mging idC',b with other students. 4 Agrreing \\ ith your partncr
11 ·� somoumos quite difficult to understand m>
5 Dlsagrcclng {poli1cly!) wrth your partncr
p-utner's .1cn·n1.
6 Showing lotcrcst in what your partner says
2a IID listen to a talk to new students on an al What do you think aboul ... ?
English language course in York. Does the speaker
b) t think I agrt'C with you. b,1si<.,1lly.
mention any of your ideas from Exercise 1?
el That's an Imcresung point.
2b Choose the words the speaker used. Then listen d) Anyway, what do )'OU thlnk!
again and check.
e) Sony, 1 don'! rcally undorstand. Whal do }'CJU
1 11 incr(',1.�es / influena•s tho amount of time cacb mean, cxaclly?
studcnt can talk.
O J'm not sure J agroc wlth you.
2 11 hclps studcnts bccome more ch<1/f} / confidcn/.
gl Are you saying that ... ?
3 11 encouragcs students to becorre more dedic.Jll'CÍ I
h) You'rc righl, ,1uua!ly.
indepenrk.'flt lcarners.
i) Absolutcly. I Ex,Klly. ji
4 11 pro, ldcs varil'ty / enP'fff in thc lcsson.
5 You can le.un importan// imcrestmg things from
Yes, but ...
othcr studcnts.
4 Work with a partner. Discuss one or two of thcse
6 11 gives the tcache- thc chance to sce how cvcrybody questions. Use the language in Exercise Je.
is »orking ond communic,lling / commeming.
1 Which is bcucr in your counlry, TV or new,;papcrs?
2c Can you think of any other advantages or 2 Which ar(• you more in1crcs1cd in, intcrn;1tion,1I
disadvantages of working in pairs or groups? Are or nalional news?
there more advantages than disadvantages? 3 Is thcrc 100 much ncws ilbout cdcbritie<; in 1he
me<li,1?
3a 1DJ Two language studcnts are discussing this
4 What do you think about TV news prt-scnters in
question: Do you always believc the news? Listen to
your country?
their conversation. Do you think they are working
well together? Why / Why not? 5 l'> thc Interne! a gnod thing{
6 How importan! is r,1dio thesc days?
3b listen again. Who agrccs with these statements;
llwoo, Roberta or both of themf Wrile /, R or B.
1 You can lrust thc OC\\S on TV more than the
ncwspapcrs.
2 l!'s sometimos inrcrcsting lo read about cclebruies.
3 The British don't Iccl part oí Eurooc.
4 Therc isn't any ncws about South Korca in the Hritish
medie.

28 IIJ§jf fi The media

 W R I TI N G SKI L L S 3·:4
WRITING SKILLS: 6b Read Lhe text agatn and answer thcse questtons.
a TV programme review 1 \\lh, i-, thC' collar oí hi,;; shirt ,1 lor biggl'r?
2 \\ h, arcn't thorc auv computcrs in thr- polkc
Sa Do you know lhese words for TV programmes? ,;;ta1ion?
Check any unfamiliar words in your dictionary.
3 Wh, dn vou think tbe narnc oí thi,; ,;;cril"i j,;; Lilf"
on \l,1r,�
lh.il .. how , hildrcn'c: prowammc soap opera
< urront anairs programmC' drama sücom
7 Look al paragraphs 2 and 3 in the text. Which is a
ík><.unwnl.iT) garnc• ,;;ho\\ n.uure pronrarnmc
description? Which givcs us the wriler's opinions?
llC'\\.., \ ariet\ show serie"
8a We usually find these things in a TV or film
Sb Discuss thcse questions in small groups. review. Find thcm in the tcxt.
1 Tl'II ,our grnup abour a TV programmc serie- vou 1 ,1 summarv oí thc <;1ory
watched nxcntlv. \\ h,11 wav il ,1huuf? \\a.., it �ood? 2 rh-tails oí the main charactcrrst
\\ll\ \\h, nof? 3 ,1 dcscripüon nf thc pl,,LC{!>l ,, horc tand thc tinu-
2 Arl• Ihcrc anv tvpc-- oi programrnc that vou oncn or whcnt tho actlon happcns
ncvcr \\Jlth? 4 a strong ending wbcrc thc ,, ritcr rccomrncnds tor
doe,; not rc.'lomnwnd!J !he prngramml•f<;L•rics/iilm
6a Read thi,; revíew nf a TV series. Is it positive or
negatjvet Would vou like to watch this series? 5 comrncnts on thc actorv' pcrfonn.inc cv (.incVor
othl'r opinion<;l
6 .m in!l'rL·sting be¡.;innin¡.;

8b What do yuu think is the brst order for these

things in a review? Discuss with a partner.

Be Remember: a common mistake when writing a

review is lo write a lot about the story, but very littlc
about your opinions oí the programme. How many
scntcnces in this review tell us the story of Lifc on
Mars?

9 A review nceds a good beginning and ending.

Look al these endings to TV reviews. Which do you
like bes!? Which don't you likc? Whyf Compare your
ideas in small groups.
1 i\lo<;! TV i,; ruhhi"h, hut 1hcre ,m• ,;0111(' progr,1111111('<;
)OU ha,P 10 \\,1tch. l11i" i� onC' oí 1hl'lll.
2 1 rc.1Jh likL"<l rhis progr.,mrne.
The Iastnon and culture of the 1970s are very popular J Thi<; comL'<I} isn't íunn�. Don't ,,.1td1 ,111� morl'. Go
today, but Llfe on Mars, a new pollee series, reminds us oul \\ ilh } our friends instl',l<l - ) nu e an l.1u¡.;h morC'.
what lrfe was really Jike then. ..J ,\\� tonLlusion: horing!
5 11 \\JS f.i,;cinatin�, m,1giL,1I .:ind diffcrcnt this ,,,1!.
The story ts simple In Manchester, 2006, a car knocks
!,\rl'al TV.
down Oetectrve Ch1ef Inspector Sam Tyler (John
6 l'or 1he nl':..1 <;i\ \\C('k�. millions nf u., ha\l' ,1 d.ill'
S1mm) while he rs looking for a klller. He wakes up
on Mond,1, night,;.
m 1973. He rs st1H a pollee officer m Manchester and
7 11,i., pmgr,1m111c harl one ¡.:ood ide.1. Bul í4 million
he is su11 lookmg for the same killer. However. the
¡., ., 101 of lllOIW\ !O!.pcnd (Jll Otll' id(•,1.
collar of ms shnt rs a lot b1gger and there aren't any
computers m the pohce station. 1 O Write a revicw for a studcnt newspaper of a TV
úfe on Mars is an exciting pohce drama that rs programme or series you saw recently.
part thn11er, part comedy Snnm g1ves a convmcing
performance as a man who is 10 shock, and wnter
Manhew Graham makes sure that there ,salso plenty
of emcvabte comedy.

Thc media @fi§lfl 29

 I GRAMMAR 2 Correct the grammatical mistakes in these sentenccs.
1 Hite lu nrk w,1s tn(' film dircc tor in thc 20lh ccnturv. ,1
1 Read the article and choose !he corree! 2 He madc thc thrillcrs ami horror fihns.
forrn 1-12.
3 My local clncrna shows Re.ir Wimfrm ,11 thc morncnt.
4 Thrillers are films who shock audiencos.
5 Peoptc in Ihc UK ¡1,0 to tlu- cinema more ortcn thoso davs.
6 1 titclu.ock W,b dcsigning Sueen titlcs as his ñrst job.
7 The DVD plevcr stoppcd wlulc \\'C watchcd tho film.
8 WL•s Cravcn is a director which rnakcs horror íilms.
9 1 et'.. mccr al a cinema in thc h1gh street.
10 J'm no! often w,itching horror íilm� -1he, �c.ire me.

TlolsWffk: 3 Discuss thcse qucstions with a partncr.

-""-
S.• MllkNley Oft 1 Do you kmm ,mv iilm� bv Alfrcd J Htrhmrk? no \'ou
[ikl• them?
2 Do �ou haw a f,ivourite film diri'ctor? \Vho?
11 aAvoys enJOr/ am aMtJ)IS en¡oymg a good thnller, and
as l'm 2 the / o film cnltc,. J see a lot of them One of my 3 \,Vho i� the most fomous film dirL>ctor írom your counlrv!
favounte ITlOVlE' orectors is Hl!chcock. or 'Hrtch', the name 4 Whal is )Our opinion oí thriller<;?
he J was prefemng j preferred Bom m London m 1899,
Alfred Joseph Hnchcod was ene of lhe most creatrve
and mspeauoral dnectors of the 20th century. Many of I VOCABULARY I
he films are dasscs • wha / wh,ch are S11II popular and
importmt füms today 4a Complete the persona1ity adjectives 1-9 using these
dues. Three oí the answers are adjectives from the lext in
Hitchcock carne from a poor farrnlv, and he 5 /eft/ was
Exercise 1.
leoving school earty to start work. His first ¡ob in cmema was
deslgmng the lext on thescreen m 51Jem films. Hesoon 1 L,1ring ,1bout othcr pcople
moved mio directmg. howevef, and hrs firsl rna¡or füm was 2 <;omeom• who wants to hl'lp
The lodget (1926), a dark thnller. In' a/ the film, he used 3 .111 ,1djective frorn the text
new and 1ntei-esting carnera techmques.
-1 L,1[111, c,m w.1i1 for a long time and not gct ,mgry
Of the 53 feature films that Hrtchcock ílldde, oeteos his
5 \ikc<; 1.ilking, t.i\k;itivc
best camewhile he' worked/wasworkmg m the Unrted
Sta tes. He made sorne amazmg hlms m fhe penod of the 6 un adjectivc frorn thc le-.:t
l950s and earty 19605. These 8 mclude / are mdudmg 7 ,líl adje<-tiw from lhe lext
the psy<holog1Cdl thellers 8 somconc who tells lhe tru1h
Rear l.findow (1954)
9 opposite nf poli/e
and Verogo (1958) and,
possibly hrs most famous,
the ternfymg horro- film
1
Psycho in 1960. H1tchcod: '
9 wos contmumg /
, contmued 10 make frlms
2 H
•
3 11
mto hs 705, he made his
last film, Fam1fy Plot, m
, I'
1 1

1976, four years before 5 (

he died.
6 e
Hrtchcod: was a hard-tvorkmg and ta!ente<l film-maker,
7 1 1 1
and he helped make the oreen of many young acos,
One of the mterestmg farts about hrm was that 10 an / 8 H
the actor 11 who/wh1ch eppeared most otten in hs hlms 9 R
was H1tchcock h1msem He became famous for short
appeerences, and auéeeces síll 11 watch / watched for

the scene where the director appears. 4b Check your answcrs by following the down arrow (J.).
Which adjective is it?

30 REVIEW 1-3
 UN I T S 1-3
5 Complete lhe!ooe newspaper exlracts with the 8 Match the quesuons and suggeslions 1-5 with the
words in the box. responses a-e. Then look at Track 1.24 on pagc 153 and
check your answers.
hlin.1rd� cclcbrltles clouch fog
1 what's he like?
doc umcntarv prcscntcr programrnc
2 1 don'! thmk wc want .1 nice, politc P'".. on ...
S(..•rit><. snow -torrns \\l'I \dnch
3 \Vhat doce he look likr!
4 t think wc nced somcone }Ulmg and retaxcd,
Tonlglrt'sweatllor
5 \Vhat about gctting him tn thc stud¡o fur ,1 t,1mer.1 test?
Wcatha" warTWlQ for Scotland - expect 15 cm of
.11 Hc's good-looking.
-- and - -- "the roth. The rlCr.h of

Ergcn:f wil be very 3 w,th sorne 4 ate< hl Yes, so do l.

oo n the everwlQ. waes WII be cokl a1d :> • and ti i'.ite. HC''<; H.'r\ polnc ...

lhe south ol England w1l be wet and 6 , W'!h we cll Good ldoa.

Scotlan�o
�y of - cb1ng the ngrl
e! Don'! ,ou?

6}� 9
•
England Work with a partner to praclise making suggestions.
(Nonh) fog
Student A: Turn to P..1gC' 111 .
Student B: Turn to p.lgc 111.

��f��
Wales

� I LANGUAGE CHECK

1 O Delete the extra word in these sentenccs. Thcn look

back al thc pages and check your answers.
Ooo't rnssCha� 7's new real tylV show, Chang,ng 1 Thc \\C.:tthcr i,;; m1II, gucx:111(1\\ ,11 lhe nlOfll<.'01. !p,1gc 71
l.Nes. \..tlere ord,na'Y people and : swap hves
2 11-... not quite ver. told in london in,, inll.'í. !f>,l!,\l' 91
lora l/o/0Elk. In tonights 9 • hotJse1.,fe and

mother-of-five. Mafia lester from Cardrfl. learns ho',N 3 Do \'OU ,1rc ,;;ta, in thC' cil\ in 51.mmll'r? 1p,1ge ()¡
10 cesen the latest •J about animals lfl the 4 \ \t• t ,1n go <.kiing hut ,md ,, e ( ,10'1 �o trcl..J...ing. 1p,1gc I .Jl
poputa, "--, Natural World The prograrnme's 5 l did tr,iined t.'\l'r\ da\ for the m..1r.1thon. !p,1gt• 151

'6gUlar' , Ahson Roberts, moves into Mana's

b. �ÍH' Srcvc the jnh. 6
house and l¡fe. Expect a IOt of problems but QUlle a
l l 1m 11(' SIC'\l' 10 mcct rho othcr pcoplc on \\
few ,aughs. Great lor Fnday-rnghl view1ng.
thc- ..,flO\\. L'
are
I KEY LANGUAGE ,,
('f(_•

6a Two TV producers want to choose a ,,.11

presentcr for a new reality TV show for young c
pcople. Work wilh a partner. Discuss what kind hin
of person would be good in the role. g
n'
6b 1111 listen to their conversation. Did you . 11
have the samc ideas as thc producers?
10.
7 listen to the convcrsation again and choose 00
thc ccrrect answcr. J,1<.t
nig
1 Tlu- two producers \\,mi .l prcwntcr \\ ho 1<;:
,l' polltc ,md «uart. h1.
h1 fril•ndl, ,ind t,1..,uaL 1p..1
l conñdcnt .1nd <.uuft\. gL'
2 Th(•\ decide to: 1 11
7
,l inv uc Stcvc lor .1 carnera tcct.
'\\
 ha!'.., lulic Jil..e?' 'Sht.•., Jil..t• \l'r\ friendl,.' !p,1gl' l C)J
8 1 rc,111, don't likt.• thl•that ,;;hci,,�. !p,1gc> 2 J¡
9 ¡\ fl('\\ ..fl•,1dcr ¡,. <.0rn('onc who it prt'Sl'OI!> lh('
nt'\\ .... !p..ige !'il
10 \Vh,11 ,ltl\ thing l'l<;t.• ,;;h,11[ \\l' intlude? !p,igt• 111

I LOOK BACK I
11 Find !he exercisc in Units 1-3 where you:
• leMn ,1houl <.l,1tc ,incl ,1ttion ,crh�. tUnil l l
• m1d ,1 lt'\I alxiut ,, inlt•r in Silx.•ri,1. !Unit 11
• ,,rite ,1 guiddmol... t•nlr\ 1ur ,our l<IUnlf\. 1Uni1
r•
• 11,lt•n 111.in mtPf"\.iP\\ ,,ith .1111.irathon nmner.
iUnit 21
• t,111.. ,1l)(1ut ,,hoto im11t• for rlinnl'r. 1Unit 21
• le,irn ho,, 10 d�uihe ,1 1x·rron. 1Uni1 11
• n•,1d .111 ,1rtrc. le al)(1UI diíi('ff'OI OC'\\� comp,mics.
t Unir J !

• pl ..10 a Ol'\\ \\L'C'I..I, T\I progr..1mml'. 1Unit JI

• ,uitt• a re, il'\\ of ,1 n• progr.unnw. !Unit 11

..J
31

REVIFW 1-3
 Health
4.1 DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS

SPEAKING AND VOCABULARY,

medical words (1)

1 a Work with a partner. Which word is the odd one lntcrnationul ,\ kJi-.Aid
out in each group? Why? Use your dictionary.
Podcast results 111,1 •
1 doctor surgeon clinic nurse
2 medlclne treatment injurv surgcrv 1 reld d1Jt) ,e,1 luc bcem-,
3 dfscasc oporotlon malnutrilion illncss \ d,L) m rhe lite 1)1 onc 111 our nur-e-. Be1erl�
Timplcron. 111 Sn [ anla She ha-, worked m man�
1 b Describe the healthcare system in your country. drttcrem counmcv, bur rtu-, h her mo-t drñuuh
Use !he words in the box. 1x1-111on ,n lar.
2 lk,tlth, rccrh for thc wuni;:
privanvstarc hospit.ils hoahh lnsur.mcc Dunng thctr firvt 11ed.. ot acnon m rural :m:..a,.11\¡,l
taxcs loe al doctor dcntist nt•11 mobrle clmic-, bave tremed more th,m ñll(l
childrcn
3 \\1lrl111i; m thc Congo
I READING vtrlc-, Gatt.uu. a ,ul"'..:l'Oll fmm Loudon. t,tll, .rbout
h1, l:Um.'"111 work 1111h u, 111 thc C1•11¡:o l k ha-,n '1
workcd 111 a f1m:1¡:n wunti: bctnn·
lnternational Medi-Aid (IMA) is a healthcare charity
4 Ho-pn.J bU1ldm¡! lOntrnue,
that works in poor and disaster-hit areas of the
To d.nc. our h.',Llll m Sn Lrnla h.h butlt luur
world. On its website, there are regular audio hocpualv. pm11dm,!.! treatawm !O .tlmo,t hall J
rcports from the places they are working in. nullion pcoplc.

2 Look al the list of podcasts for IMA and answer :i Trc..atmi; malnumnon 111 kcn}J
Durmg rfu-, �C,lf. I\C hall' tramcd :iOO 111..-:11 pcoplc
these questions. to trc,u malnutnuon mthcir vrllagc-.
1 Whlth porkasts MC' b) and abour pcoplc \\ho (, 1 urccd dt"urc o! motulc cluuc-, m l th1np1a
provide e.are. c.g. doctcrsr \\,: have clo-cd our heahhcarc programrnc 111
2 \Vhich podcasts are about medica! fac ili1i<•s? l-rluopra bccuu-c ot a lad, ot rundm!!
3 \Vhic.h podcast j<; about a fmancial prohlcrn?

32 @jj§jfii Hcaltb
 4�1-
I usT�NING
We ouen use the present pcrfcct to tatk about
actfons lhat are completed bcfore now. These
actlons are complered in a pcriod of time that i'i
3a ID Lisien to four cxtracts and match them lo unfini,;hed. \Vedo nol Sil)' lhc exect lime in the
the podcasts in Exercisc 2. past oí thc action.
3b Listen again and answer these c¡uestions. Look at 4c Time evpressions Which of these time
Track 1.25 on page 153 and check your answers.
expressions do we no! use with the prcsent perfectt
1 How m,1m IMA <.link-. were rhcrc in Afrit ,1 last \<..•.u? , <.•<.terd,1,
flvc momhs ago fa<.\ vcar
2 HO\\ rn.in, Atrtc.m chnk s \\ ill rhcrc be rwxl ,e,1r? tocia,
thi\ \l'.U ,ll íiw o'ckxk
3 Hm\ did Mil<."' fod in !he UK? 1hi<; wcck
in th<' J,1<.I it'\\ du�,; ncvcr
4 \\'h, i,:; thc junglc c.linic 'thc onlv hope' íor thc co rar 10 date
on Dcccmbcr 201h 2007
, ill.1Ac-r..,?
5 \\'hc.•n did li\\A decide lo lr,1in local pcoplc! 4d How do wc make Lhe present períecl
6 \\'lwn rlid thc training coursc hegin? (aííirmalive and negatlve sentences. questions and
short answers)?
7 \Vhcn dOC'S \'Na\ coursc cnd?
• tanguage reference and extra pra<t1u•, pagt"• Ul-11 \
8 \\'h,1t causcd th{' damagc in Sri L;mk.i?
9 Jn ho\\ rn.mv dinicc; doos Brwrl) ,,orl.? 5 Complete these podcast summaries with the
presenl perfect or past simple u( the verb!).

I GRAMMAR: present perfect (1) 1

4a Thcsc scntences ali describe completed actions.
Underline the actlcns in each scntence.
1 l\c ,,orkNI in Kt•m,1, Ncpaland t'cru.
! 111t.Tm1110111.1/ • \ frd,-A ,d
2 On !,mu.in I SI 1004, wc dcc ldcd In "-OI\C th¡s Podcast results 11111 _..
proh1cm.
3 So far, in rnv time hcro. l\e probabf savcd ..ilHlut \ ,un 1,1>1 ,ton Onc \\l'd, ,1,;:!n. \,11
,l hundred lht-...
nui..1dc tu i:ollcll ,rnn1: \\Jll'r 'wuind, l,111:r.• 1
h11mh c,pl('llk<l. l�ol
4 l a<.I ,e.ir, \H' ran ten bcalth centres in Afrk,1.
1 Tr.111111 nur-�, \,l l.ir 1h1, )l",tr. 110 lolal nul',.(',
4b Answer these questions about the sentences. l\1 \ 1mm111µ n•ur-.c, 111 \l1:h pro, 1111..c
(l:(11Hpk,�)
1 \Vhtth ten-e i<. cech scntcnco in, ¡M<;t simple or
prcwnr pt•nt'<.I? .'.\ lm,1\!c,nl Uí\l\JIIJ,t,,1,.•cl...l\l\ J
2 Loo!.. ,11 tho pact <imple <entonces. ,p..-ci.il c,h1h1111m 111 pholnl,!r:tph, h) ,un,, 11r,..
CO�Jlll'-<!/
a Which onc i<. ahout a pcriod oí rimr in thc pa,;;t?
hl \ \ hi<.h ortc gi\(•,; thc e,.1< 1 time 01 thc ,1clinn? .i I k-ahhll•r /uiun·, \\e 111 n d11l<l 11u11111011

J Loo!.. .11 1ht• prcscru pcrfcct <cntcncc«. chm1.., 111 (,.v.i :m<l \\Chope 111 htul,l t\\o more
,11 Are lht•\ alxun ffnlshcd or unflnishcd pcrtodv oí 111..'" )l',ir thml<ll
time? \Vh,11 i� thc pcriod oí timt• in scntcncc 1? 5 'º tld1,cn1..·, Rctu�L"'' 111 I),1rtur ,111) h11x.l
bt Do the� glvc tbc e>••u.l timc oí the actions? ,uppl1c, th1, mnnth .i, thc fi!,!hlm� ,:untlllUl''
4 \l,1tc h thcw nmc lin('<; 10 thc -crucnccs. (llol r\:l:CI\C)

(l \ ••,.u· \1d r,..c.1rl� l'.!.1100 pcoplt• 10 r..u'-<!

l()(l ,nal lun<l, lor 1\1 \ .tt lhJnl) h111th,1II m.111:h

,,
.i 1111
e ('hn,tma, DJ� ¡hdpl

1>1
'"
I SPEAKING
()

6 You are going to find out aboul students' life

experiences (i.e. what have they done in their lives).
 l l,m..?004
Turn to page 115.
di

Hc.1lth 111§111 33
 BRAIN FOOD

SPEAKING ANO
VOCABULARY: medica! words (2)

1 Discuss these questions in small groups.

1 Describe your usual diet. What do you c.11 thot's
good / no! good for )'OU?
2 whcn you wcru ,11 school. ,,ha! food dld }OU cal
fm lunch/ wcrc school mcals heal!h)'?
3 Pul thcsc words into thrcc groups: A for ph),;k,11
health and thc body, 8 for mental hcahh and thc
mind, and C for fooci and nutrition. Cm vcu add
,1ny more words to cach group!

carbohvdratcs dcprcssion hcart dlsceso

high blood prcssurc insomnia junk food
lack of motlvarion nuts .md sccds solmon
poor conccn1ration poor rncmor) vitamins

I READING J

2a Read the magazine artide and answcr thcsc

questions.
1 How rn,1ny of cach thing ,1-d docs thc ar1iclc
rncntionr
,11 Ivpc-, of foud ,md drink
b) Phystcal hcahh problcms
L) 1\ill'nt,11 hcehh problcms
di Rcsearch studlcs
2 Complete thc summarv of the arthlc with tho words
in thc bcv.
(.'Vl'rvcl,1\' he.:ilthv illncs<,(.'S llll'llt,11 rese.:irc.h
Rccont 1 _ has shown that ;i .? dict is
good tor ,our 1 hcalth. frorn 4 problcms

(t.•.g. conc entr.nlon lcvclst to scrious ; !e.g.

Ab-hotrncr's diS<\1<,<•l.
2c Which oí these definilions for words in the
2b Read the text aga¡n and answcr these questions.
1 \Vhith did wc know Firvt: healthy food = hc.1lth)
34 1@@1111 Health

bodv, or hc,,lth) foocl = he,1l!h}' rnind?

2 \Vh,11 simple thing shows thc link ln-twccn food ond
thc mind?
3 l lo\\ rn,1m )(.'.lr� ,1go did thc school <tart scrvlng
lll',ilthy food?
4 Wha1 cffcct did thc ncw dlct havc nn thc pupils?
5 How do vou think 'our dicts have chengcd a lot'
tlinc ! �l?
6 \\lh,11 i<, thc rosult nf 111<'<,l' lhangc�?
7 \\.h,111,,n things docs 1hC' Mcditcrrancan dtot do?
8 Do) ou c.11 ,ln} of thc food rccornmcndcd b) thc
rcsccrch in thc Iast p.iragr.1ph?
tcxt are wrcngt Can you correct themf Use your
dictionary.
1 rnood tlinc 6l: fcelingv cnd crnotlons at .:i particular
time>
2 Iink tlinc 71: tho conncction borwcon two !hing'-
3 benncd (llne IOJ: offi(.i,111) ,1110\\l'd to do <,t111w1h1ng
4 publicisc tlinc 151: fo tell pcoplo ,,hout i.onwthing
l'SpCli,111) in the ne\\ sp,lpl'r� .incl on tclt·\
i�ion
S p,)'d1ologist din(.' 161: a dnuor \\ ho �pc.'<.1,1Hsc� in
mental illncsscs
6 pre\l'nl� (linc 251: "tops sonwthing from h,1ppening
7 (.1ldcrlv (lim• 28): )OLlllg pcuple
 BRAIN FOOD

3e Time exprcssions We use for and since with the

present perfect. look al the sentences in Exercise 3a,
then decide which oí these time expressions go with for
and which go with sincc.

200-1 ten ye.1rs ycsterday ,i vcnr an hour

two o'clork thrcc davs ago a long lime
.. Language refercnce and extra pracuce. pagt!S 132-133

4 Complete these sentences with thc present

perfect of the verbs in the box. Then choose the
corree! word, for or since.

be (>.2) be havc know (x2)

11()1

1 Maxine di for / since a wt.-ck. Shc should go

to thc doc tnr's.

2 Wt.• abour thc link bctwecn smoking and

cenccr (or / sínce 1 'l50.

3 I a cokl fvr / ,¡i,,ce Mondaj .
4 lle ,1 nurse for / sinco twclve years. He

cnjcvs his joh.

5 Thcrc a hospital in my lown for / sincl:' many

ycar,;;. In Iact. it closed in 19q4_

6 }OU abcut thc advantcgcs of this dict

for / since J long time?

I SPEAKING I
Sa You are going to interview your parlner. look al
the questions below and choose une of the options
in italics. Wrile similar questions for 7-9.
1 Do )'OU have a e omputcr / a video cam(•ra?
2 Do you havo .1 mohife phone / a w«rch?
3 Are ) ou a member of a sports or hc,oflh club / any
lnl('(1lt't group,?

-1 IJo you havc a Job / a hobby?

GR A MM AR: present perfect (2): 5 Du )'OU hove ,J p{'I / a car?
for and since 6 Do )'OU know any Hritish / Anwm.an / /\u.,trc1/i,111
people?
3a look al these sentences from the text and 7 Do )'OU havc ... ?
answer the questions below. 8 ArC' }OU ... ?
lohn l'owrll h,h 6f'Pn a p:.)'chufoMiSl iOr thitl) ye,m,. 9 Do )OU know ... ?
Sítv e 1950, ,tientisb h.11c• J..nm\n that thi� die/ /i('{p$
) ou li\ o fon�t•r. Sb Ask your parlner the questions and find out
1 whcn d,d John PmH•II bcccmc a psvchcloglst¡ how long he/she has had/been/known these things.
Then find out more information and make notes.
2 Is he a psvchologist now?
3 When die! sclcruists discovcr the link bctwccn thc
Mcditerrane.111 die! and physical hc,ilth? I WRITING I
4 Do the} still know about this link?
6a On a sepárate piece of paper, wrile a surnrnary
3b We can use the present perfect to talk about about your partner. Don'! write his/her name.
states that began in the past and continue up to now.
Find four more examples of this grammar in the text. 6b Read sorne other sumrnaries. Can you guess
which student each is about?
Hcalth IIJIHII 35
I SITUATION 4b What advice does Mary gtvc David? Complete
each gap with one word. Then listen again and
check.
1 What can )'OU see in the photos on thcse pages?
Have you ever been in or seen situalions like these? 1 You shouJd strctch }OUr
2 You should takc sorne
2a III Many companies have an occupational 3 You shou[d al .. o cat
health officer who helps employees with health
problems. Listen to a company's health officer, 4 You should do sorne
Mary. interview a new employee, Lucy. Complete 5 You should go s,, imming times .i wcck.
the questions in thc questionnaire below. Is Lucy in
good health? 4c Can you think of any more advice for David?

�'J �
KEY LANGUAGL
giving advice and reasons
MORGAH--.JONES
Sa mm Sometimes Mary explains lhe reaeons fur
her advice. listen and complete thesc sentences with
New Employee Health Questionnaire the words and phrases in the box.
lucy Townsend
bccousc (x2) to so that in ordcr to
1 Have you seen a recently?
1 You should strctch rour annv reduce the
2 Have you had any days off in the last
IC'n .. ion in vour ncc k.
two years?
2 vou don't c,11 a lot of fru¡t. l 1hink vou should
3 Do you have a problem?
tako somc v ltamins.
4 Do you suffer from paln?
3 You should also cal garlic il hclps fight rnld..
5 Do you have eyesight? loo.
6 Do you often get ?
4 improvc your general hcahh, vou should dn
7 Do you often gel or 'flu? sorne cxcrclso.
8 Do you somelimes stressed by work? 5 You should go swimming thrcc lime... ,1 \H'<:'\..
it rcally hclps your health.

Sb Match thesc pieces of advice 1-6 with the

2b Listen again and note lucy's answers. What reasons a-f. Then choose the correct word or
extra information docs she give with sorne answers? phrase.
1 You should 11) changing vour chnlr in ordcr to I
pronunciation
,o that
3a lliJ lntonation in yes/no questions look al thc 2 You should go to the optlclen's h<.•c,W�f' ro
intonation patlerns. Which one is corrcct? listen and 3 You .. houldn't drink coñee at night Ir>/ /)(•C<W�f'
check. 4 You <hould takc a lunch brcok in arck-r In �o th,11
Have , ou ceen a doc lor rffrntl,? 5 You shouldn't work late be<.,wq, �o 1/1,1/
6 You ..hould bond vour knccs whcn \OU lift
1 2 3
somcthlng. lx·c,ww I in orde-r lo
3b IE:J listen and repeat the health questionnaire al }OU uin relax.
questions in Exercise 2a.
hJ c_hcck your cyesighL
Je Work with a partner. Ask each other the c) protecl your b,lCk.
queslions. ch il makes rou �trt'S<;C'd.
el il keeps you awakc.
4a llm Mary has consullation hours when she
gives health advice to employees. listen to a Íl makc rour back bcuer.
consultation with David. Whal are his problents!
 .-
36 IV§Hli Health
 Health at work 4�3
6 Wurk with a parlncr. What advice can you give 7b Employees: Which health officer gave you !he
for thesc health probfems? Give the reasons behind best advicet Health officers: Which cmployee had
your advice when you can. the worst problcms?
1 1 get hcadachcs .i.11 thc time.
8 Swap roles and repcat the role-play.
2 My IO\\Cí h,1d, .1rh<''- ,1 lot.
Studcnts A and 8: Tun1 hi pttgl' 111.
3 l've got thc 'flu.
S!udents C and D: Prepare to he thc hcahh oñlccrs.
4 l'm tirod ,111 thc time but I can't slcep ,11 night.
5 l'm n..•.ill\ strcswd ,11 work: 1 can't concentr.uc and
OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
l'rn rudc to pcoplo.
What's the mattcr!
6 1 onl} Í<.•t•I OK oftcr rny morning cig.trcttc: hcinrc
that I cough ,1 lot. How can I hclp?
How oíten do you Iecl likc this?
I TASK: giving health advice How long havc )'Ou had this problcm?
Docs thls happcn evcry day?
7a Work in groups oí íour (A and 8, and C and O). What kind oí work do you do?
Students A and B: You are occupatlonal hcalth
ofñccrs. You .ir<.• going to glvc advlce to two
emplovccs for thclr problems. 1 ook et Track 1.2!J on
pagc í li i anct thc 011wr uscful phrascs. Prepare to
lntcrvicw .md ,,dvi�l' the crnploycos. You intcrvrcw
each omplcvcc in 1urn.
Students C and D: You are cmployees of Morg,m
and Iones. Look .11 \ our role l,ml� nn pagc 1 1 'l
ancl prepare to tell thc hcatth oúk.ers about rour
problcmv. You visit cach hcolth offlccr in turn .

•
-

-,
 STUDY SKILLS: guessing the
meaning oí unknown words Oividing the word into different words
lt's possiblc that ',OU koow one or more oí rhe
scparatc parts.
e.g. backbone = back + bone

4b Divide these words into two words. Then

choose the corred meaning.
1 toorhachc a) a paln in a tooth
b) a substancc that )'OU use for
cleaning your teeth
2 sunburn a) light from the sun
b) when your skin has become red and
painful because you hace stayed a
long time> in tho cun
3 airtight a) flying through tbe air
1 Oiscuss these questions with a partner. b) complctcty doscd so that air cannot
gel in orout
1 What do you do whcn you read a word that you do
not know? Do you look it up in your dictionary? Do

you guess the meaning oí the word? Do you ignore Using your own language
it completely? Is thc English word the same in your own
2 What can you do to hclp )'OU guess thc meaning oí language? lf not, is part oí the English word
words thal you do not know? similar in your languagc?
e.g. French = llilllffleux English = �ous
2 Turn to page 116 and read the excerpt from a Be c,ucful! Sometimcs you can find words in
short story. Then answer these questions. English that look thc samc as for similar to)
1 What are his problcms? words in your O\\ n languagc, but thcy havc a
2 What does the doctor say about them? differenl mcaning. For example, in Non.vcgian
3 What do you think happcns aftcr the story? the word sky exists, but u mcans cloud in
English. We call rhesc words 'false fricnds'.
3 look back at the text and underline the words
that you do nol know or are not sure about. 4c Work in groups. How many words can you think
Compare with a partner. Can he/she explain any of in one minute which are similar in English to your
words you don't know? own language?
There are a number of things you can do when you
do not know a word. Read these strategies. 4d Look at this list of false friends. Which English
words are they similar to?
Using the context to understand the word English Word in other What it means in
word language other language
Docs thc rcst oí thc scntcnce Of text hclp you to:
1 fasto {Portugucsc) happ), fortunatC'
al undcrstand the meaning oí the word?
2 caldo {ltalian) hol, warm
b) know rhe grammar oí the word? (e.g. Is ita
noun, a verb or an adjecñvet) 3 bekommen (Gcrman) to obtain
4 librería (Spanish) bookshop
5 journée {Frenchl day
4a Look al the nonsense words in these sentences. 6 komuníkace {ln>ch) marl
What do you think they mean? Use the context lo 7 paini <Finnishl ,.,cight
help you.
8 rumah (lndonesian) house
1 He survived the accidenl with only minor gloobers.

2 She's vcry heahhy. Shc has never spent a day in

long in her life. 38 lfhfil Health
3 1 can'! remember the exact details oí his case. 1
nccd to check his medical donk5.
5 look back at the text on page 116. Can you work
out the meaning of any of the words you underlined!

6 Which of the strategies do you think is the most

useful?
 W R ITI NG S K ILLS 4!4-
WR/T/NG SK/LLS, 1 Oa find the two examples of thanks in the email.
a thank you email Then decide if these statements are true or false.
1 \Ve use thanl.s with for + a noun tpbrasc! or
7 Discuss these questions with a partner. a ,crb cnding in -tng.
1 Do \OU scnd emails to )Our íriends? HO\\ oñcnt 2 \\lp can pul othor words ,1ftcr lhanks,
e.g. very much, egein.
2 \\ hat do vou writc ahoul? How much do you
usuallv ,witc? 1 Ob After saying thanks, we often add another
sentence for support. Match the sentences a-d
8 Read the email below and answer these
with 1-4.
queslions. Use the ideas in the Study skills lesson to
help you understand any difficult words. 1 Thanks for )OUr adv ice.
1 \\ hat is the rclationship betwccn Harry aod Abi? 2 Th.mks for doing the shopping.
2 \Vh,ll happcncd last ,,eek? 3 Thanks far dinner.
3 \Vh.11 1<. thc conncction bctwcen thc ernail and thc -1 Thonks for thc chocolates.
part of rhc storc \..OU read in Exercisc 2? a) 1'11 do il next time! e) Thc, werc dcllcious!
e. fll¡.;Ei,
bt lt was love!v. dl lt's bren rc.:tll) uscful.

- -�
�1�.w"w,.,c,a.""'-«:m

�I "•""' c-a.oi..qlot ca"" 11

h
as or the possessive (e.g. Simon's health)?
Look al these sentences. What does � mean: is,

1 Hc's h,1d an opt.'.f"dtion.

Hi Abi 2 Thcre's no prohlem with Da\ id's cvcsight.
How are things going? Thanks very much for all your 3 lanc's herc!
help last week. It was sweet of you to come and
4 lt's been a diííicult weck.
stay. I'm feehng a lot better now, and J'm not taking
the painkillers anymore. l can move around the 5 Thc doctor's skills are ve� uscful there.
house and do the cooking witnout any problems. lt's 6 John'c; broken his lcg.
dead here w,thout you, though!

On Tuesday, I popped out to the shops and on 12 Writc an email to a friend. Thank him/her for a
Wednesday I had dinner wlth Melanie. Guess what? present or for helping you to do something.
She wants to do a postgraduate course in mental
health! But she hasn't deoded where to study yet.
lt was a really níce evening, but I felt wom out the
next momlng.

I trunk I cango back to work next week, but J need

to keep an eye on my health in future.

Anyway, thanks again for look1ng after me. Hope to

see you next month.

Cheecs

"ª"" .J

9 Find one phrase in each section of the box that

we do not use in informal emails or letters.

Greetings
Helio Hi De,ir l.me H1,a Dcar Sir
Opening phrases
11<)\\ 'e; liíe? How are things? How are ,ou?
How are things going? Hope you're OK/\\ell.
Than], vou for vour mess.1gc of 28 Fcbruary.
Hope t•,cr. thing's OK. Hope all's \\ell.

Endings
T,11.e carc Your,;; faithíullv Byc for now LO\c
Scc , ou soon Checrs \\lith love Love irom
 Natural world
5.1 ISLANDS

SPEAKING AND

IU•,Wf.ii@Mii �i
VOCABULARY: landscapes

1a How mdny oí these things can you see in the

pholosA-C!

hl'JLh diíl CU,l<.I forcst hill Iagoon lake

Sora Sora
Many people have cal/ed it the most beaut1ful
mounl,1in rock s.md wavc SC'a river
is/and in the world - u paradise of cleor blue water
ond white sondy beaches in the Pacific Oceon.
1b Oiscuss these questions with a partner.
1 Tht..• places in thc photos are ,lll islands. vvhcrc in The main rsland is surrounded by a lagoon and a
thc ,,orle! do vou think the, are? targe rmg of sma'ler islands. There are green
2 \\'hich islandv havc vou visitecl? Describe thcm. hil\s and two impressive peeks. At 727m, Mount

3 \\ hat do ,ou think oí whcn vou think oían isl,md? Oten-anu is the highest point.
l thinl.. of <1 tropical isf,md 1,ith .,,md}' beactws and d The lagoon is the most important feature of Bora
lh1ffll hlut' �(�,1 ... Bora and is three times b:gger than the main island.
The water rs calm, sheñow and transparent, with ª"
I READING I amazing range of different shades of blue. You can
go on trips 10 feed the s'tarks and friendly rays.
You can drive round Bora Bora in about an hour
2a Read the text. Are lhese sentences true or false?
[it's only sems long and a.sems w1de) but it's better
1 l11l.'R' Í'> ,1 single mount,1in. to travel by bite. When you're thirsty, stop far
2 Thc water in thc lagoon Isn't vcrv dccp. a coconut drink A man cuts off rhe top of your
3 Thc colour oí thc ,, atcr is the carne e, crv« hcre. coconut with a huge �n1fe!
4 'mu can drive round Boro Bora H'T) quid:h
he<.aw,e ít's ,1 .. m,1JI isl.md.

2b Read the text agaín. Use the information to

draw a map of Bora Bora.

40 l@dlij Natural world

 5!1

I LISTE ING Sa Look al these sentenccs about the islands and

answcr the questions bclow.
3a IID Listen to a TV programme about islands. xbout 10,000 peopl<' (111• ,mmmf 111<> co..1.,t 11 íwre üw
Which islands do we learn about? cíim.ne ,, fess co/d th,m in lh<' cenlff•.
Cre.11 Britain Crecnland I tomhu lccl.md C.rc<'nf,md 1\ the leas/ green of ,1/1111(' 1,l,mck
,\.1,1rfa}\,lSC,1r Sumatra .\om,, port-: of the 1\/Jnd ,m• /ess tropic,1l 1h,m ottwr-,
Which island has a big problem! What is it! tbo Jfl',l ,irouncl /onc/011 i, pmhal>I� /he tesst
imprcssive psn of ( ,r('.11 IJrit,lin.
Jb look al the statements 1-6. Can you remember 1 \\'h,11 are the opposucs of thc ,,ord� in hotel
which island lhey refer to? Lisien again and check. (l'.�. /(,,, cole/ co/c/NI?
1 11',; popular with lourisls. 2 Do \\C U!>C lt·,, .md /e.1,/ ,, nh both sbort ,:,nd long
2 Ihe nighl� ore vcrv <hort in eummcr. adjc'("liH•..,?
3 TI1e .:mim.il� and plants are diííer<-•nl from othcr • language reference and extra precnce. pagt•\ 1 J4-IJ5
places.
Sb Complete these pairs oí senteuces using /ess
4 Tlwrc'._ ,1 tunncl conncctfng it to a c.ontincn1.
and /easl.
5 Then- are hig difft•rt>mc'> in clim,1lc berwecn
1 ,ll Ibo centre ¡._ coldcr thon thc <..11<1<,I.
difieren! p.ul� oi thc island.
hi The t 1"1'-I ¡._ /1•,\ colrl th,m thc < omro.
6 lts rumc docsn'r describe il wcll. 2 ,11 Grt•,11 Br11a111 i,; grecncr th,m Crccnland.
h1 Grt'(•nl,md ¡.. Gre.11 Brüa¡n.
Je Which island(s) would you like to visit? whyt
3 ,11 Scotlond i" rhc hilli<"it and tho south oi [ngl,md
1<. thc 11.llt(.><.\ p,HI OI Cre,11 Britain.
GRAMMAR: comparatives h• Thc south of England 1� part oi GrC'.1\
and superlatives Bnta¡n.

-1 .il In Hor,1 Bor,1. thC' l,1goon ¡ .. rnon• impor1,mt th.1n

4 Complete these scntences with the comparativc tll(' n1.1in i-.land.
or superlative form of the adjectives. Then look al h1 Tlw m,1in ¡,.f,md ¡._ tht• l,1g1Km.
Track 1.31 un page 15-1 and check.

1 In thc south. if'� hot and di), hui thL• Llim.11L• j!, 6 Adjecfü-es Talk aboul the four islands using some
m thl' mountolnv th,11 run do« n rhe rniddlc of the adjectivcs in the box.
01 tlw i,;1,1nd. nooh

hc,iutilul <..,llm dw.1p t•,c.iting impr<•<...,i\ t'

2 Tlw ¡..,1.ind\ .imm.ib are thc lemuo. 1fornou<..1
lntt•rC.'<.ling rm �!t•riou" fX',lt dul pk•,1<.anl
3 Gre.11 Hrit.un ,.., rnanv oí its European
pnp11l.1r rom,mli< <.tr,1ngc ,, ild
ncighbour... rcrowdcdt

-1 \.Y.,k... and thc north 01 Engl.md .UC' hill} white tlw Cr�11/,1nd 1\ proh.1/,/� ¡/¡p /t•,1 .. l popt1l,1r ui//110t1ri,t..
sourh .md t•,1<.t oí Engt.md .Ir(' . 1i1.11f

5 Crccnkmd i,; rsland in thc wodd. 1b1Al I SPEAKING I

6 M,1d.1g.1<.l ar 1.., fuur1h island in thc
,, orld. 1 l,1rgcl
7 Think a p pare to talk about them for one minute. Work in
of lwo n r small groups. Take turns to describe your places.
places d e 1 'el hJ...<..• to 1<!11 mu ,1hou1 tno rliffl'fl.'111 e c,,1,1, in .\J>..1111 ...

Natural ,.,.orld @WjJj 41

I VOCABULARY, animals Read the text aga¡n and answer these questions.
1 \\'hat do vou think happcns to thc <mall iood
1a Which oí these animals can you «hco ,,hcn il supcrmerkct �tart,; hu,;iness?
see in the photos A-G? 2 Is thc red squlm-l likc thc srnall shop or thc
supcrmorkcri
crab red dccr
3 Wh, did the W<'' <quirrel come to Bntain?
clcphant giraffc
gorilla hedgehog
-1 Do all invasivo animals cause rhe cctinc tion oi
nativo animals?
human leopard
5 Are tbcrc more largo animal imader,; than crnall

monkcv panda
oncst
rabbit snail
6 \\h, do vou think thc applc sna¡l doesn't cause
squtrrcl tfgor
m,m) prohlcms in Europc!
7 le; it common lo íind good 1hings about animal
1b ima,;ion<;?
ahove do ynu have in
8 \\ ho je; Brü.un ,;cll1ng muten crabs to, aud \\ ll\?
your country? Which do
you Lhink are cutet Are 4 Are there any problerns with invasive specles in
any of lhem dangerous? your country?
Are any oí them nearly
cxtinct?
I VO CA BU LAR Y: nouns and verbs
I READING I Sa Many words are both nouns and verbs, without
any change in form. Is damage a noun ora verb in
2a Rcad the article on page -13 and choose the besl
these examplest
summary.
1 Gre, squirrcls dcn't damagc thc cconomv.
1 lt i<. ,1houl thc problcms th,11 r1t..'\\ .inim,11<. roce in
ncw cnv lronmcnts. 2 \pplc snails cause a lot oí damage in south-easr Asla.
2 11 j<, obout how foreign .1nin1<1I,;, aftcct loe.al ,1111mJl'- Sb Find these words in the text.Are they nouns
and em ironmcnts. or verbs?

3 11 i, about thc slmllortucs bcrwccn thc natura! 1 chop 3 C,lUSl' 5 hope

cnv ironmcnl and thc buslnc« ,,orld. 2 harm -1 pl,1nts 6 .. blps
2h Read the text again and find out where these

animals carne from, whcre they invaded and who or

what they caused problems for.
I GR A MM AR: expressions oí quantity j
1 grcv squirrclc -1 applc ,;nail" 6 Wc can use ,1 /ot of with both countable and
2 red dccr 5 minen cr<11,., uncountable nouns. lt means a large number or
3 quantity. How do we use the other words in the
box? Find and underline cxarnples in the tcxt.

tt-lot-nf ÍC\\ littlo ruanv rnuch

e
-42 l'l§iiil
 INVASION

7 Are these statemcnts true or false? Use the

examples you underlined in the tcxt to help you.
1 \Ye nevcr use mu, h in qucstions.
2 We oítcn use m,lln in positivo scntcnces.
J V\1e don'! usucllv use mur:h in positivo scrucnccs.
lnstcad. \\(' use ,1 íot of.
4 Vlc nevcr use mur:h in nogauve scntcnces.
5 \-Ve c..an use m,rn} in qucsnons am! ncgative
sentcnccs.
• language refcrence ,md extra practice, page� 114-US
8 Complete thts paragraph with much, many, a /of
of, little or few.
Thcrc are tm,1m or ,1 /01 crantmals that are invadors.
but pcrhaps thl'rl' arl' 1 , ii an), im,1dl'r� lh,11
are \\OíS<' lh,m humans. 200,000 \C,us .igo thcrc
\\CTC \l'I'\ 1 humans. NO\\ 1hcrc are ncarh
�i'< billion of lhcm. Unfnrllmatcly, thert' i�n·1 -1
iniormalion ahout lhc c.irh histon oí thi� sped('<,,
bu1 il SLX"'ms cert.iin 1hat the iir�t human� c.1mC' irom

Dnimat inuaders I l 'i0-180) human� \\Crc li\ ing on

Ethiopia in (',l'il Aíri1 ,l. Aítrr ;
l'\l'I'\ continl'nl
thous,md� oi \C'JT'i

on Earth. l lo" 1> dam,1gc h,1,c thcsc imarlcr�

11111e1 u111r are 11 il? 111 1111 ilaalers n t11re?
tauscd? Thc) ha,c destrmed - rl.lli\l' plants ,md

Imagine you run a small food shop in your local neighboumood. ,rnimal�. Heíore humans, lhcre \\,IS 11 pollulion.

Suddenly, a giant supermarket opens for business opposite your ,,m\, thcrc ¡., <1 pollution ,md it i� L,lll'iing

shop. What happens to you and your business? 111 h,irm to thl' global cmironmcnt. lt wcrns thal

In the natural world, things are often the same. The red humans nt•cd lo ch,m�c 11 1hings ahout lhl'ir
squirrel was llvlng happily in England when, in the 18805, many liic�l\ll' ií thc, ,,,rnt ro -:u" i\e.
people brought grey squirrels from North America as pets. Since
then, these pets have escaped into the wild. They now eat the GRAMMAR TIP
same food as the red squirrels, and they eat it more quickly. In spokcn and inform,11 \\ rittcn English, we
ConsequenUy, now there aren't many nativa squlrrels in England oftcn use not a /01 of. nof many and nol much
and they are in danger of extlnction. ins1cad of few and litt/e, c.g. The,e aren't a
There are many invaders that don't cause eninctions, but /01 of studenlS in my c/J!>S. rhere art•n 't man}'
they do destroy plants and harm the ecooomy. For example, cinemas in my city. There isn't much time left.
European red deer are destroying ne forests in South America
because they eat the young trees. Rabbits havé spread from
Europe and now eat farmers' crops all over the world. These
kinds of lnvaders are causing problems for humans, untike the
I SPEAKING I
grey squirrels, whlch cause Jittle damage to plants and don't
9a Use thc sentence beginnings (or similar ones) to
damage the economy.
make true sentences about you.
Few invaders are large land animals; most of them are fish
or smaít animals like lnsects. There are thousands of these In m\ toun!r\. !hcrc ,lfl.' m,1m i� ,1 /01 of ...
invaders and these smaller animals afien mean farmers lose a In nl\ countl'\, lhere ,lrl' /f'11 i\ lill/1• .
lot of money. The apple snail from South America doesn't cause In nl\ houq_>, thcrl' arc mam ..i lol uf .
much damage In Europe, but it causes a lot of damage in south-
In m, housc, thcrc ,lfell I m,1m i!>fl ·¡ nwc-h ...
eastAsia because it !oves to eat rice plants.
l\c p,ol nw1� ,1 /01 o( ...
There are very few positlve sldes to these animal lnvaslons.
However, ln Britaln today, one lnvaslon slory offers sorne hope. I h.i,1.m't gol mam much ...
Chinese mitten crabs first carne on shfps from 1 �pcncl ,1 /ot oftime ...
China. These crabs destroy local envlronments
1 \!)C'lld 11/1/(' ..•
and attack tish In fish farms. However, In China
these crabs are an expensive food, so, now, 9b Now ask your partner
Britaln Is semng them back to China The crabs qucstions lo find out if his/her
are travelling on ships agaln, but thls time they life is similar to yours.
are food, not lnvaders; and this time they are
1� lhf'rl' mue h
helplng the British economy, not harming lt
unemplO) mt•nl
in � our countq ?
//,111•1ougo1
m..im picwre.,
in vour hot,.,ct
G
5-!3 S CE NA R I O
I SITUATION 3a IID Listen lo the first part oí the conversatlon
again and complete Katie's notes.
1a look at the wehsite on page -15. What kind of Whllo p<-<
organisation is it forr 1) Tl'1Gf"e. .n, 1 ��+o .1 � Two �

1 ,1 busim--s 3 an ocadcm¡c instnution >'<, '-- "'""" off ;te, i<.<,h 1-<>.i< of '-- wat<-1,,'\5·

, ;te, kfl, ""' ""' <= ;te, Ir� '- of • "'"""

2 ,1 < h.1rih 4 a govornmcnr dcpartmont
,2)...,oF F *"""'5- ; "';;., � P"' < , .

1 b Which link A-E do you click on for the 1,t p<- < bo<t - a ' of f<+ """''5 lo�il,a
following informal ion! fhc:M look, v'c:.t'IJ B - MOt'e. o�.

1 pcoph- \\ ho kili animals illcg,111\

3b IIIJ Listen to the second part oí the conversation
2 .-.pt'l.i.il occommodation for animal .. again and complete Katie's notes.
3 t.uing ior ill antmals
4 ,mim.11<: that are not free
.3 .;;,1\ ing ,rnimalc; from dangor

The AAI Website Manager, Ncil, is choosing sume

photos for the new MI websile. He needs to
cliscuss them with the Communicalions Director,
Katie. Howevcr, she is in the Congo and she does
not have acccss to thc Internet to view the photos.
KEY LANGUAGE:
Neil telephones her lo describe them and make his
describing photographs
recommendalions.

2 11!1111 Listen to the lwo parts oí the 4a 11!1111 Complete these sentences frorn the
conversation and answer these questions. conversalion. Thcn lislt'n .igain ami check.

1 In wh.n order docs 1'.eil dcscrlbc rhc photos A-D? 1 In the first onc. are four \\ll.ll("; th,11 nrc closc lo
2 \Vhit h photo dccs he recommcod íor 1he \\ t•h<;ite? thc bcach.

2 Therc are lo.rds oí pcoplc thc background.

3 On thc lcü oi thc ptcturc, wc c an thc l,,rgL' hc,ul

oi .1 \\ hale.
4 On thc right. thcrc are twu pcoplL• are throw ing
water on the whalo.

5 Toe) ver, pn1i!'<.<.inn,il.

6 l le's ,1 bird to someonc.

7 Thc sccond onc sorne pcoplc whu are clo.mlng
a bird.
8 The bird's thc middle oí thc
picturc.

9 Thcrc's another wornnn

the lcft.
44 Natural world
 Animals online 5�3

We work to save animals that are suffering, usually because of humans.

Jobs Our areas of activity

Donate Animal rescue: We have Animal sanctuaries: We

teams of trained rescue provrde safe places for animals
Shop to uve, for a long or short pencd
workers in countries all over
the world. of time.
Animal hospitals: In Africa, Animal captivity: Many
we have five animal hospitals zoos keep animals in awful
with experienced vets eno conditlons. We campalgn to
modern medical equipment. improve animal welfare.
Animal hunting: We support
the police m their fight against
the /Ilegal huntrng of wHd
animals.

4b Answer thcsc questions about the sentences in

Exercise -ta.
I TAS K: choosing photos for a website

1 \\'hich tense do \\f' use to describe somcone's
actionv in ,1 picture?
2 \\'h;:it tvpc oi ,,ord do wc use aftcr l<xiJ..?
3 Underline thc phraws for ck:scribing thc position
oí somcthing in a picturc.
pronunciation
Sa IID weak íorms Sorne words have both a
strong anda weak pronunciation. \Ve often use
the weak form when lhe word is nol slressed in a
sentcnce. listen and nolice the weak pronunciation
oí Lhal, are and lo. Listen again and repeat.
In thc fi.r5.!. one. Ihcrc aro iour \\ hales thal are close lo
the bcach.
7 a Work with a partner. You are going to role-play
a similar situation to the conversation in Exerdse 2.
Student A: You are thc \Vehsite Man.1ger. Turn to pagc
1 16 and prepare lo describe vour phoros.
Student 8: 'rou are thc Comnumrcatlon- Director.
Fincl out \\ hlch llnks thc photos are for J nd take notes.
7b Swap roles and repeat the role-play.
Studcnt B: You are now thc wcbsitc Manager. Turn to
page 125.
8 You are now back in thc office. look al the four
photos that your partner described. Was the
description good? Do you agrce with his/her choice?

Sb IID listen and repeat the strong and weak OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
forms oí a, lhal, of, to, somc, are and can. This onc is nlcerzdcareestrongevwcaker
more unusueí/dmmauopowerful
Se ID Listen and repeat senlences 2-9 in
I tikc the way this onc ...
Exercise -ra.
l think this ooc is bctter beca use ...
6 Work with a partner. Practisc describing the four II makcs you fccl <;ad'angry/...
photos in Exercise 2. Can you hear the weak forms?
l think wc shoukl use this onc bcceuse ...

Natural world @!f§jiij 45

 STUDY SKILLS:
time management
1 look at these expressions with time. Which suggest
the person has a problem with time?
1 t've got all the time in thc world.
2 Thcre arcn't cnough hours in thc day.
J Time's running out.
4 rve got time on my hands.
5 Timc's on my side.
6 lt's a tece against lime.
Which expressions best describe how you feel
about time?
2 How do you use your time? Look al the list oí
activities in the time chart below. Guess how many
hours a day you spend on each. Then keep a record
for a few days. Which of the activities can you change
to gíve yourself more time lo learn English?
3a Work in groups of three or four. Look at these
problems sorne students are having with time
management. What advice would you give them?
1 l'm often late for appoinlmcnts, or sometimes I miss
appointmcnts completely.
2 1 spcnd a lot of time looking for my notes. 1 can ncvcr
find anythlng.
3 1 somctimcs study for a long time, but I don't feel l'm
learning anything. 1 read the material, but nothrng's
happcning - il's not going in.
4 1 can'! finish all the things I nccd to do in the day.
3b lli.l listen to sorne students and their tutor
discuss the problems above. Do they mention any of
your ideas?
46 @li§JIJJ Natural world
Je Match this advice with the problems 1-4 in
Exercise 3a. Then listen again and check.
a) Find out when you study bcst.
b) Decide what's importan!.
e) Keep a dial) - and check it!
di Takc regular breaks.
e) Make lislS ofthings )OU nced to do.
O Organise your files.
g) Makc sure you can concentrate.
h) Be nicc to yoursclñ
3d Look at Track 1.37 on page 155 and underline
the parts of the script that tell us about the advice
a-h above. Which two tips do you think are most
useful for you?
4a Think of ten things you need to do in the next
week (e.g. write an essay, go to the doctor).
4b Which things in your listare urgent? Which
can wait? Pul them in order oí priority fi.e. most
importan! first). Then show your partner. Does he/
she agree with your order?
5 lt's also important to decide how to spend time
on a particular task. Imagine that you are going to
write an essay in dass. You have 45 minutes to write
150 words. Put these stages in the corred order and
decide how long you should spend on each.
1 checking your work
2 thinking and noting ideas; pl,mning and
organising notes
3 writing
Compare your ideas with three or four other students.
•
·=
time wtth family
sociatising w1th friends
• sporVleisure activiUn
 W RITI NG SKI L LS 5�4-
WRITING SKILLS, 8a Good organisation is very irnportant in an
a comparative essay essay. Compare this essay with the one on
page 117. Which is easler to understand? Why?
6 Discuss these questions wilh a partner.
8b An essay has three main parts.
1 ArP thorc Jll) vclcanocs in )OUr c.ountrv? Are thcv
1 introduction
famous!
2 main bod,
2 Ha\C )OU C\Cr becn up .'.l volcanot lf not. would vcu like
to go up a vckono/ 3 (summarv ,JJHI) cnnc lusion
3 \Ve use spec.ial tcrrns to talk about volcanocs. Do )OU Draw a line around these parts in the essay in
know what thcse ccords mean¡ Exercise 7.

active dorm;m! crup! ,m eruption cone 9a Linkers Look al these sentences. Do they
mean the same thing?

7 Read this essay and choose the best tnle.
1 Disc.uss thc good and bad fcaturcs oí volcanocs.
2 Compare and contras! two volcanocs.
3 Considcr thc problcm of volcanocs. and ,, hat pcoplc cen
do about lhis problcm.
1 The Rlvcr Nilo is 6,670km long. ln coutrast.
the River Thamcs is onlv 1 Fikm long.
2 The Rivcr Nilc is 6,670km long but thc Rlver
Tharncs is onlv 335km long.
3 Thc Rivcr Nilc is 6,670km long, \\hcrc,,s thc
RivrrThamcs i" nnlv 335krn long.

\'okunoc;, are onc of thc rnost tmprc-sivc fcarures ofthc What is the differcnce in punctuation between
natural world. Evcrybody can rccognisc a volcuno. but are them?
thC) all thc ..:m11::? This essay looks ar two rarnou-, volcanocs
in di!Tcrcnt countrics.
9b Write three sentences (like those above)
about these places. Use /n contrast, hui and
Thc largc-t active volcano in rhc world i:. Muuna Loa
whcreas.
(-1. l 70mJ on Hawu¡l. in thc Pncific Occan. Thc l:L'it crupticn
wuvin 198-1. ltv vides <lopc gcntly. and this shape of volcnno 1 Moun1 E\crcst: 8.8-18rn high
¡._ lev, dungcmns than orhcr kindc. Bt•n "cvis: 1,3-1 lm
Unlikc Maunu Loa. Mount Fuji in fap:m i:,, a donn:mt 2 Padfit QL(i,in: 11,022rn decp ,11 it� deepcst
volcano \\ hich last cruprcd in 1707. Mount Fuji (3.776m) point
i:,, pcrhap-, rhc world'v most fanmus vokano bccuusc of its North Sc.1: 1 lüm
almosr pcrfect -hapc-. a conc with quite stccp skíes.
To <ummnn-,e. Mauna Loa i� higher than Mount Fuji but 1O Write an essay comparing and contrasling:
thc sldc-, of Mount Fuji are ,h.'.C¡x'r. Maunn Loa ¡.._ an active 1 I\\O rMtur,11 foatmcs (c.g. h\o mountains, lakC'S,
volcnno. In cornnr-t. Mnunt Fuji i� dorrnaru. Mauna Loa la�t rivers) in your cnunll) ora counll)' rou knm\
cruptcd in 1984. whcrcas thc la:.t cruption of Mount Fuji was \\CII OR
in 1707. ln conclusíon. wc (•¡111 scc that thcsc two volcanoe,
2 l\\O diffcrcnt ,mima Is OR
hnve more diffcrcncev than similarities. but thcy both catch
our imagination. 3 two nf thc islands in lcsson 'i.1 (look at Trad.
1.1 l on pagC' 154 to help vou.l
 Society and family
6.1 FUTURE OPPORTUNITY
I SPEAKING
1 Are thesc slatcmcnts true about your country?
1 More peoplc an' nnw m,11..ing trlcnds nvcr thc
tntemot.
2 Pcoplc are li, ing Iongcr Ihan bcforo.
3 Pcople ,HC' h,wing more holid,l)'!> abroad.
4 Pcoplc .irc uslng robots in thcir hornos.
I READING I the fulure changes she discusses.
2a Read the advert. Who uses the institute and its
services? Why?
1 1x.ili1it lans 2 business pcoplc 3 .l(.ld('111ÍCS
The Institute of Future Analysis
Are you planning for the future?
Do you know what's coming next?
The world and your markets are constantly changing.
Will the elderly be the big spenders of the future?
When wlll middle-age begln? When wlll people retire?
What will lomorrow's teenagers want to buy?
Our futurofogists can help you profit from the future.
_•,,
2b Find words in the tcxt that mean:
1 somcone who studlcs thc futuro
2 f,1,;;hinn,;; or changcs ovcr time
3 opinions ahout ,,ha1 w¡l! happcn in thc futuro
I LISTENING I
3a 11?:J listen lo a meeting bctwccn Susan, a
fulurolngisl, and Palrick, a hu,;inr-.,;; invoctnr. Tick(./)
1 dorncstlc use of tcchnologv
2 longcr I ivcs
3 Internet frlcndehh» ,rnrl rclationshtps
4 pcoplc working írom home
5 lcisurc ac.tivitios and travcl
b.._
IFA 0890 546 990
www.ifa.co.uk
We provide:
• information about future trends in soclety.
• predictions about future consumer needs.
• analysls of your company and its future plans.
• advlce for business investors.
Call us now and improve your future opportunittes.
-t8 @J§iflN Society and family
 6!1 �

3b Listen again and complete Patrick's notes from Sb Answcr lhcse questions about the scntcnccs.
the meeting. 1 In which scucnccs is thc speaker ccrtain 111,1! his/
her idrn about thc futurc is true?
Ma,n trtnd& are. about 1 ami' 2 In which scntenc es i<; thc speaker lcss ccrtoini
In 2025, more man a 1 of piople over 'ñ, ateo 3 wh,n vcrb furrn du we U!>t:' after wi//, 111i¡;h1 ,md 111,1}?

pecp'e uve 4 . 4 Do Wl' usually put advcrbs (c.g. prohc1hJ>,) bcforc or

aftcr wi/U Do we put thcrn hcfore or aftcr won't?
In 2025, more over-!ñf, !han 5 ... languagc reference and extra practice, pagl'S 1J6-137
fi'wltr parf'i and adventure holida,¡f>, more llo\1d�;, on
Se Correct thc mistakes in these sentences.
' 1 1 te might Hvcs 10 thc agc of 90.
lZ-Obot&. lo 1_, to 9-' lo do lhe sarden1n9
2 Many pcoplc will probablv to work from home.
More d1vorlu, Dlder people mut ne1>1 partoera '1 3 1 will livc dcfinitcly in my own toun1ry.

lnvu,t m bt1fi1ne&�& that offrr 1ll and 11 for 4 Thcrc won't probablv be b1g farnihcs.
the e\der\1 and tlut u&e 11
I SPEAKING I
I VOCABULARY, ages
6a Choose the correct word in thesc predictions
according to your opinion for your society twenty

years from now.

4 What age do you think these people are?
1 Mor<'/ frwf'r pcoplc thcn now will lcavc tlwir
.111 adolcsccnt r11itldk·-,1¡.:L·d fll'í',Ull
d country to find work .
,1 \oung adult a thinv-sorncthing a, hild 2 People 11 i/1 dC'finifC'I)' / m,J) spcnd rnor(' timl' u�ing
.in eldl'rly pl'r,.on .i ({'('n,lgC'r a rC'tirC'd p0r�on thC' Internet th,m \qtd1ing TV.
3 More'/ F(wf'r pC'oplc ,, ill pmhahly livC' ,,lonC'.
What is life like al these agest What responsibilities
4 Most proplc 11i/J / 11'on'r retire ,,t the ,,ge ní 'i'i.
do people have! Whal kincl oí lhings do they spend
thcir money on? Which is the bes! agc to be? S Tlw differC'ntt·� bctwecn rich .:ind poor pt'opk• will
probabl) be Rft'dler I :,,m,1/fN.
6 l'coplc will h,wc more/ le:-.s frC<., time.
GRAMMAR: witl. might and
may for predictions 6b Compare your ideas with a partner, and explain
your prcdictions. Which oí the predictions are
Sa ID Complete these sentenccs from thc positive or ncgative for your country?
meeting with the words ln the box. Then listen
and check.
I WRITING I

•
will rll'íinitl'I) (x2l might
111.,, won't probably 7 Write a short paragraph
about your predictions for
1 Thosc older poople live íor much longcr your society.

- \\l' know th.it irom thc statistics.

2 Thcv hvc until tht')"rC' 9'i, or C'VC'll 100.
3 That won't he good for business.

_. l'm sorc thcy hevc rnuch moncy.

S Thcso pcoplo will ncod thlngs to do with !hi.:;
extra time. for surc.

6 Thcv ,11,;o want activltv holldays hu! that'll

dcpcnd on thclr hcahh.
7 lhc, won't go bungcc-Iurnping.
S
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c
i
e
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a
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d
í
a
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i
l
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I
I
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i
4
9
 THE FAMILY

I SPEAKING 2b Read the newspaper artlcle and complete this

sentence in six or seven words.
1 Discuss thcse questions with a partncr. This artlch- ¡, .tbout -------------
1 H<l\\ importan! i,;; tam ilv lifr· in } our countrv ?
2c What is thc organisation of the lext? Put these
2 Hm\ m,m) pcoplc are thcrc in )OUr immcdi,1!<'
topics in order (1--1).
1.1mil} Iparcnts. children, brothcrs ami sistcr..,J!
3 \Vh.:it .irc the advant.rgcs and db,1cl\.,rnt,1gci;; of a
,1) rcesons for tht• low birth ratc D
. ,m,111 nr hig farnily? hl posvlblc solutionv to íhc problcm D
U «octfon to thc possiblc solutions D
I READING I dl factv ahout thr- low birth ratc D
2d Read the text again. Are these senlcnces true or
2a Match thesc words with thcir definitions. false� Corree! any false scnlcnces.
hirth ratc < hlldccrc cmplcvcr 1 Onlv -IO"u of GNm,111 fcmalc w,1cluatt•<., havo had
old-f,1<;hinnf'<l f<'<;pnn,;;ihlf' <;t1it,1hlf' e hlldrcn.
2 GPrm,111 \\Omcn havo .m .1\.N.1gr of 1.3:" e hildn-n.
1 no! modcm 3 ft.•\\ p.ircntv havo more than or1c• < hild.
2 vou clid it ore ausod it 4 A unhc•r<;i\y profcscor hc•lic.•w<; th.it Gorman
3 ,, pcrson or compcnv that p,1\-<; }OU 10 wnr], for thcm crnplovcrs do 1101 h.ivc modem anltudcs.
4 right fnr ,1 particular purpo,t• or vituatton 5 The govcmrncnt will p,1, o,u h p.m-nt 1.HOO euros ,1
5 whcn scmconc looks aftcr thildren \\ hile the momh 'iO tlll' faiher can !al,.e tvm- otí work.
p.trcntv an- ,1\ work 6 M'i von dcr Lt')<'n\ ldo.is aro not popular with
6 tho numher of birthv for l'\l'í} 100 or 1,000 pcoplc cvcrvonc.
in a pank ul.tr voar and pl,lll'
3 What do you think of Ms von der lcycn's plant

Germany: What future for the family?

i':c,1 li¡;un.-.; showcd Y'-"lcrJay
th.l\ (icnnan) ha-, thc hi¡.:he�I
r,.·,.�·,.·m.1¡.:<.' ofchildlcv, 1111m,:n
in uic wnrld. :m' of Gcrmun
11 ornen havc 11111 had childrcn.
:md thic Figure ri�l'\ 111 -10"
umong fcmulc grudrnu .......
c;�·nn:my\ 1:11mily .\lini,rcr,
L'l'\ul.1 1,,11 dcr l cvcn, -aid
that if rhc hirth ratc dn1."í nor
g, 1 up, ( iermnny 11 ill dic.
(i,;m1,my·� hirth rute Í\ onc
of thc hr.1,;"t in Europc. with
an a1uagc 1,f 13.., d1ildrcn
pcr W(•m:.in. cnmpan:d with
1.-:; in S11clkn ami 1.-.i in
tlK' UK. G1.·m1an mt•th.:r� un:
ah111hc t•kk..;;t, 11 ith an .1vcrngc
a¡.:�· 11fthircy ,1hcn 111,.·y h111.:
thdr fiN child - ami mn�I
pan:111� dl(lO� to ha1c only
,,1¡,.·d1ild.
. kcnrJm¡.: to l'l"l•ÍL-<,,or
I m,L ,.,,, ,,·r ,,.,,�., rr11h h,r.h,IJ.a,. Mw ,,,.,,,u¡,..11trn "'ltrlp '""" mUI ,/uUJr,.
induJc l'XIC'r chikkurc. u
�l·hi'l,l day th.11 cnd� :u
p m., anJ olJ-fo�hion<.'<l
uuitud� Jm11ng 1..,nploy..·r,,.
In addilion. m.1n} Gcm1.1n
1111mcn are :tln:ady in
m1othl'r ditnculty is thm •,orne
I m,nit•n 1..1umot find a sui1:1ble
man. 'C'nccrt:.iin' men (wh()
are un,;un: t1hl.1u1 tx.-coming
fothcn.} are uhn rc-:¡xmsibk
LIK•ir for thc low hirlh r.fü\ "he
)
FiJ".t of ali. if parcnts nct.'<l
priva te chilJcarc, thcy "ill gct
hclp frnm thc go1cmmcnt. by
paying tcss tn.x.
&.-c1mJlh famili� will gct
up to 1.800 curtK a month
fn,m thc gmcmmcnt if mt•n
Sl:l) ur home íor l\HI rnonth\
uftt•r thc birTh of a 11<.W 1..·hild.
But Mlmc mc.n. L'\cn in
thc mini�tcr's own political
par1y, are unhappy wilh thi�
Ja�t idea. Pmbsor Schncidcr
s:1y,¡ tha1 in Gennany it i�
acccptabk· for womcn to 1:1kc
time off to ha1c chilJn:n.
Hnwc\'Cr, if 11 man wk<:!> umc
c1ff work to look aftl'f a ncw
¡;hi[J, hi� l1ll\.'t.T 11 iJI he 0\\:1',
·111c 1�111,.11] fnmil) picturc is
wr� much alivc in Gcrmnny,
he <;:1id. \'l;'omcn look aftt'r the
chilJrcn 1\hik mcn go out 10

m1J-chink-., 11hcn 1hl fini,h dairm.

�Prl'l:rt Sdm.:id�·r nf ,\\ain,
0

\\Ork.

univcNlY :md gel :l g,1txl ¡¡,l,_ ·111c ministcr has

l 'niwl'\it). 1he l\'a�oll\ for
,\\, 1011 Jcr l..cycn, u Jcn:lopcd:.i pl.m tocm::oumgc
C ii:m1:m� \ low hirth ratc
moLlwr of '>C\Cn, ..ªY" 1hat pt:oplc to h:.ivc mnrc diildrcn.

50 iii§llii Society and fomily

 THE FAMILY 6�2
6a Complete these sentences with !he corred
form of the verbs.
1 li I «ec! him, l HC'ÍIJ him rhc ncws.

2 She tbcl ill ii shc (not rcsü more.

3 \Vhat !)OU dol if vou tnot pcsst vour
ncxt l'X,lm?

..J \Ve mol arri\t�I un time ii \\C' tnot

hum) up.
5 lf \OU (010\el \'OUí cer, 1 tbct ablc ro
park.
6 I tdol thc washtng up if 1 fh,wel time.

GRAMMAR TIP

I VOCABULARY: negalive adjectives

Use might instead of will whcn you are lcss
sure thal somcthing will happen,
\.Ve can use un- and -/css to show a negativo or fí the birth rate does nol go up, 1ha1 country
opposlte. lo mean 'not' and 'without'. might die.

4a ,\·lake Lhe negative adjectivcs of thesc words. 6b Think of other things that you will, or might. do
today I tomorrow I al the weekend, etc.
< .Ul' ( omtortahk• hope kind
lud,\ ucc usual
li l hJ1t• liml•, ru
11.1,h rm hair tonighl.
11 / Wt' 4111,111/in,1 l,1tf>r, I mighl •"'- tor to ttw p,1f/\.
4b Write questions with four of the negativo
adjectives. Then ask and answcr the questions with I SPEAKING I
your parlncr.
7 a llm You are going to role-plav sorne situations
I GR A MM AR: first conditional where people discuss problems and possible
solutions. Listen to this example conversation and
answcr these questions.
\Ve can use if to tatk about the result of a posetblc
future action. 1 \\lh,11 i� Shonc and bcl�rú rclotionship!
2 \\'h.it doc-, Sbonc \\,mi lo rlo?
Sa Match the beginnings and cndings of these
scnlences. 7b Listen again and answer these questions.
if-clause (condition) 1 \Vh,11 thrcc problcruv docs Ewl\ n mcntion?
1 11 tho l,llhl'r i;;1,1, � .u home tor two monthv 2 \\·h,11 are �hant'\ ,olutinn<:?
2 11 p.rrom-, n('(.'CI pri,,llc• cbildcarc. 3 Wh.11 cloc.., fal'I, n 1hinl.. oí Sh,mc's pl.m?
3 tí lht• blrth r,llt' dcc-, nol Aº up. pronuncialion
main clause (result)
8 IID Contractions Listen lo these senlences.
J lh(•\ ,,ill A<•t hctp 1rom thc govommcnt. How do wc say What'/1 ... ! listen again and repeal.
h¡ (il'rm,111, \\ ill lM\l' ,1 scrious prohlcm.
t tamilil''- ,, ill gct 1,800 curo, ,1 mcnrh. 9 Work wilh a parlner. Turn to page 117 and
considcr whal you will do in thc siluations.
Sb Is lhis grammar rule correct?
lf-d,lU'-l' = 1/ + vrmpk- prcccnt
m,un ll,IU"l' u,f/ 11,ff 1101 !11011'11 + iniirntM.'

GRAMMAR TIP
You can ch.:mgc thc ordcr oí thc if-cl,1usc
,md mo¡n clausc in thc scntcncc. Onlj use .i
comma whcn )'OU start thc scmcncc wirh if.
• language reference and evua pracuce. pages 136-137
Socictv ancl family @ii@llii 51
I PREPARATION

1 Discuss these qucstions with a partner.

1 who docs the cooking and cfcanlng in your Í.lmil\?
2 Could you .;t,1\ out letc w hen vou wcrt> a tccrugcrr
3 What housewnrk clid )OU do whcn )Oll wcru a
chtld or tccn.rgcr?
4 D1d both \ our parcnts work ,, hcn you wc.•rt•, oung?

I SITUATION I
Speak Out is a television talk show. Roberl Hughcs
is the prescnter and the audicnce rakes part in thc
discussions. This week. thc topic oí the show is
problems ond rcsponsibilitics in farnilies.
2b Look at the diíferent points made on the show.
2a 11!1 listen lo part of the show. Whkh oí these listen again and pul them in order (1-8).
issucs do they discuss?
al Sorne mothcrs c.m't stJ) .1t home bC<.,IU<;l' thC)
1 i\lothNs shoulrl <;f,w at home> with rhcir wung nccd moncy. D
childrcn. b¡ A mothcr's lave is impnrt,rnl ior her childrcn. QJ
2 \Vorking men do no! noed lo <harc thc houscwork. l) \Vorl-.ing mothcrv rntss thc hcst \l'Jr� of their
3 Childrcn shouldn't watch miln) hours ofTV a d,1,. chlldrcn's livcs. D
4 l',1rcnl<; should ÍP1 tccnagcrs choosc whcn to Lome d¡ Sorne mothcrs work h('CJUS(' tbc, wam to. D
hornc at night. L') TV i,; an cvcrvdav thing and childrcn should 1-.mm
ahout it. D
f) Parcnts should not lct chíldren watch TV ,1t a!l. O
g) Onl, le! childrcn watch ,1 couplc oi hours ofTV ,1
dav LJ
hl TV is bad far duldrcn. D
2c Which of the points do you agree or disagrec
with? Oiscuss in small groups.

KEY LANGUAGE,
expressing opinions

3a III listen again and complete thcse sentenccs.

1 , 1 think mothcrs should sl,l)' ,ll home.
2 weu. 1 undcrst.md her , but sometimos
mothcrs have no choice.
3 \Vcll, that's J good . but I think sorne rnotherv

work bccausc thev want to.

4 1 agrcc Shci!a.
5 \i\1cll, 1 think is 1h.1! thev shouldn't watch ;m)
TV.

6 Wcll, pcrsoncllv, 1 disegrcc.

7 l think it's if thcy knmv that rv is a normal

thlng.

52 @1111# Sociel)' 8 Well, that's an

lntcrcsung
and famil)• to phoncs.
. but TV i� dlñerent
 Family matters 6�3
3b Match the sentences in Exercise 3a to these
functions.
al agrccmcnt el opinion

pronunciation

4a IIIJ Word linking listen and repeat this

phrase. Notice the link between words that end in
a consonanl and those that begin with a vowel.
\V<'II. th,11\_,.1 good polnr. hut ...

4b ll!J Which words do we link in these phrases?

Listen and check.
1 \VC'll, \\ hat I thinl.. is that .
2 \\'C'[I, that\ an intt•n-.;ting icko.1. hui .
3 \\'t'II, 1 undcrstand her npinion, but .
4c Practise saying the phrases in Exercises -ta and b.
5 Practise accepting an idea and then disagreeing
with your partner. Use thc ideas below to help you.
1 1 �t idea: rnothcrs -hould .. ta) at home
2nd irlca: ..eme mothcrs bavc no choice
7 a Work in small groups. You are on Speak Out. One
student is thc TV presenter. He/She chooses one of the
fll'r.,<m,11/�. I thmf.. moth(Y� ,hould ,1.1> ,ll home• 11 ith statements in Exercise 6a and asks the guests for their
1h, ir e lukiren.
1
opinions on that lopic.
1 \ �11, / unclt •r,1,111d I our opinion, lmt \Otnt' moth(•r,
h.11 l' no, lwiu•. 7b Aíter the first discussion, another student
2 l vt idcn: TV te.u.hes chlldrcn .1hout thc wortd becomes the TV presenter and chooscs a new
statement for discussion.
2nd idea: chlldrcn <hould miel bookv to lcam thing<i
3 l ct id<',1: hu,;h,mcf., should hclp elean thc housc
OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
2nd idl',l: mon are tircd af1t'r ,1 da, ,l\ worJ..
Right, thc ncict topic is, working mcn sbocld ...

I TAS K: speaking on a talk show j So, wbat's )'OUr name and what do you think?
Do )'OU agrcc with hinvhcrr

6a Complete these statements with the words and What do you say 10 that?
µhr<1�1:!S in the box. What's your opinion?

cirk-rlv hou-c husbanrl pav

pcrmiwion pocket mnnf'\

1 P.irt'nt<i should chlldrcn lo lid\ the house.

2 lt ¡.., not .:i good idea for il rnan 10 he .1 .

3 A tocrugor (,111 <.t,l\ oul late 11 ithout .

-' 'ioung childrcn shculrl gt•t
5 F,1milie<. ,;;hould look otter ilwir
,11 home.

6b Work with a partner. Think of reasons for and

againsl thc statements above.
l-or: 1 thinJ... p,1ren1, �houfcl do th.11 bt•c <HM' lht•n lht>\
11 ()11 f ,lf¡.:tlt'.
dcm 't thinf.. 1/11•¡ ,houfcl do th.11 iwc ,JU!>l'
Ag,1in,;t: 1
e htldn•n m>t>d lo ícsm ,1hou/ looJ...inR .utor ,l bomo.
 STUDY SKILLS:
3c Punctuation Correct the punctuation in this
corrrecting your writing piece oí writing. Use full stops and capital letters,
and take out unnecessary commas.

1 Which of these sentences are true for you?

1 l always check my writing carcfulf whcn l've
finished.
2 1 rccd my tcacher's commcnts and correcüons
carcíully.
3 Whcn m) tcacher givcs back my work, rhc only
thing I look al is my mark. fAw.i� bt.1.SÍt1.t..MlS
4 1 look ,11 my mistakcs. bul ncvcr remcmber thcm.
5 Aftcr my tcacher givos hack my work, 1 oftcn 4a look al this student's writing. The tcacher has
rcwrüe it to makc it bcrtcr. used a correclion cede. Corred the mtstakes.

1
2 Match the types oí mistakes in the box that 1, = grornmar l,IJ \) = \\ rong word (\ oc.abu lar� l
learners often make with these sentences. 1'' = spc•lling '.!.)(): wcrd ordcr

: mi,sing word = pum tu.nlon

gramruar vocabular, spelliog punctuation
,,nrrl orclcr lr,l\ing \\Otrl'- out
Sp �'
Ottt pv-ob!t11t i11. 111.� 0011.b"� 1.s tMt Y'lc.j,. ptoplt 1.s
1 That ,; an interesting idea. s, 'f'
�ttti� Y'lc.1-.tV' poov- ptop{t ls 'ttti� poov-ty; if tJ,.t �Ap
.#¡YO ..S
2 lf !he birlh rafe ,viH--grow, rhc counlry will nol dic.
,-.11.,d: 1"0'!tt l-0/AJ /'i �·
3 Older proplc will robot! Wftnl. Aw.o� tkt111. &,.,i\! buol<(t utv-� bi�, it v,iil! c.v-tlltt

' l-00
4 \Vhat ,, ill you if you arrtvc la1c? p,"Clblt)IU .stV'lou.s.
,,ptiu,
S The situalion is bad bul it isn't �.
f•I 4b Read the rest of the student's work. Look for
6 Thclr advisc was vcry helpfu.H. mistakes and write the correct symbol above the
mlstake. Then check on page 117.
3a Word otder Change the position oí one word in
each sentcnce to make it corred.
1 More pcoplc will livc probably alonc in the futurc.
2 Bob hopes that thcrc will be good opportunities
business for him in thc íuturc.
3 Evcryonc in m}' fomily has got cycs unusual, cxccpt
forme.
4 What shc will do ií he docsn't arrive on time?

3b teaving words out Add one word to each

sentence to make it correct.
1 Pcoplc living longcr than hcíorc.
2 lf men spcnd more lime at home, children míghr
happicr.
3 Thc majorily of roung proplc will ge universify.
4 Oldcr peoplc \\ ill mcct on lntcrnct.
Are the missing words similar in any way?

54 l@§iij Society and familv

 W R ITI NG S KI L LS
I WRITJNG SKILLS, an article
Sa Discuss these qucstions with a parlncr.
1 HJ\t' \OlJ cvcr cntcrcd ,, c ompctüionv Havc vou
e-ver \\ ritten .mv thing for ,1 compctition!
2 Hovo vou cvor won anvthmgr
Sb Rcad the postcr below. How many people will
win a prize?
6 Read thc compctition cntry below. What do you
think thc judgcs likcd and dislikcd aboul it? Think
about ideas, organisation of ideas, etc.
What makes you proud of your society today?
What to choose? 11 is d1ff1eutt to decide, as I lee! proud
of many thlngs in my society today: for example, our
education system. our creatlvity 1n the arts and our
sclence. Two things, however. make me especlalty proud
of my soclety. Flrst. our big cities are very multiculturaJ,
so you see people of many different reces. colours and
rellglons. Toesa people all live and work side by side.
I think lt's a great example of how people can come
together and create a mixed, peaceful society. The
second thlng is less obvious. as it often happens out of
sight. lt's the tact that every day ol !he year. thousands
of Britlsh people do voluntary work. They give up their
time to help others to- nothlng. They help thelr local
rosprtars. look after o!d people and collect money for
good causes. Because of these things. 1 feel proud of my
society and see a positiva futura for it. However, 1 a!so
want to contnbute to lt. In my lrte. many people have
helped me, so now I would llke to g111e someth1ng back.
Silllia Husseln
20 year-old business student from Birmingham
6!4
7a Paragraph organisation Look at thc compctition
entry again. lt should be four paragraphs, not one.
Divide it inlo four paragraphs.
7b What is the toplc of these paragraphs?
Paragraph 2
,ll blg ctucs
b¡ pccplc living ,md working slrlc bv <ldc
ll ,1 muhkuhural <;<X.tl'I)
Paragraph \
.1) loco! schoolv ,111d hospitols
hl unpaid work
el nld pPnplC'
8 Senlcnce slruclurc We can join these threc
sentences to rnake one sentence.
Thc) help thcir local hosplta!s. Tht>) look oftcr old
pcoplc. Thl') colhx t moncy for good causes.
·¡ ht'} hclp f/)(>ir loe ,1/ ho,pita/,, fooJ.. ,JÍ/('r vid pmpfo
.md < ollf>f. e nm1w1 for ,;oorl e ,lU't"'.
Join these sentences to make onc scntcnce.
Silvia uudics business ,11 univervitv. ShC' llvcs with
her p.1ren1.;;. Shc hcfps in her parcnt-,' shop ,11
wcckcnds.
2 l ter slstcr studfc-, ,ll S( hool. Shc llkcs bov b.mds.
Shc \\an1� .i r.ar.
9 Linkcrs Study the use of the linking words so, as,
hmvever and bccausc of in Silvia's artidc. Thcn use
thcm to complete the judges' report below.
Tht•rL' \\ere ,1 \t•rv l,1rgc numbcr of cnlriv,; (m•c•r U)(JO)
'-- it tool.. ,1 long time to m1d lhl'm all. 1. • tllC'
rudges' t,1�k \\,b intcrec,Jing i thc }mmg pt'CiplL•
"rote ,,houl .1 \\ idc• r,mgt' of topi<.s (e.g. thc HRC, lhc
i\,1tiun.1I Hc•,1[1h Scrvkc, popular musid. Thc <.,1,md,ud
nf c•n1ril'S w,h ,1!<;0 Vl'r') hi¡::h, -1 it \\.JS c,xtrcmcl)
d1ífic ult 10 chooc,c thc winncrs. Aftcr rm1d1 diSlU�sion,
s , thc judgc,; .igtl'C'd on the top 20 cntrics.
Thc judgl'S \H'rl' imprl·��d b) Silvi,1 l lusscin's ar1itlc,
"-- hL•r mock•rn vic,inn ,ind ,1 fc<:ling fnr o1lll'r
1x•oplc. Thcy alc,o likc.'d thc slylc 01 lwr rntr..
�he tommunic,l!cd her idc,1� \t'í)' tlcarl\. R ,
1hc') W('rl' not h,1pp) \\ith her p.iragr,1ph nrg,111i,;,11ion.
1 Oa Writc your answcr to Lhe question: Whal
makcs you proud o( your socicly /oday? Use the
modcl in Excrcise 6 and lhe useíul phrases below lo
hclp you.
T\,o things makl• nw proud 01 n1) �o( it'1)
íir<;t ... Tlw �t'tond thing ¡.., ...
1 Ob Check your work for mistakes (e.g. grammar,
spelling). Check your partncr's work too!
Society and íamily

#Nliii 55
 REVIEW
I GRAMMAR
1 Read the two texts about lceland. Wherc is
cach text Iromt
Thf s islancl in thc North Atlantlc \,;; lurgcr !han
Engl:md ancl watcs. but fcw pcople 11\c hcrc
- onl} about 290.000. with O\"Cr half In thc cnpnn!
d!}, Re}kja\lk. Iccland has becn indcpcndcnt
from Dcnmark smcc 11)44 and thc capítnl comes
auve on tndcpcndence Da} U une I G). when
Rc)'kja\'lk fcd'! more crowdcd than London.
But pcoplc don't usuall) , bit lceland for the til}
lifc. Thls Is a counrrv of amaztng landscupcs -
bluc laJ..cs and tcgoons. fast rtvers and waterfalls,
muuntalns and volcanocs tha1 erupt frcqucntl}.
Mount llckla, in 1he south of thc coururj . ha,;
cruptcd slxtccn times In thc last 1,000 j ears. and,
ln ene of thc mo« vtolcm cruptions uf rcccnt
tlmc•t 1h1• ,cikann cm ttu- lcland ol' l lt>lrm11•}
almost dcstroycd thc town In 197 J.
2 Are lhcsc scnlences aboul thc texts true or false?
Correct the false unes.
1 Thc C.1rMr) kl.mds .trc lcss dr,1m,Hic. than lc.L•l,md.
2 lcclond is srnallcr than I nglond and walcs.
3 Not m.tnv pcoplc llvc in kcland.
4 1.ondon m'ver Íl't•I.; IPS" crowdcd th,m Re\ kjil\ ik.
5 tcelond has lx-en lndepcndcnt íor lei.s th.m 'iO
vcarv.
f, ThC' volcano on Hcimocv hav cruptcd -.h:ll'{'n
ttmos.
7 Mcl has sccn smallcr capital citic� th,111 Rc�J...j,1\ik.
8 lcclaud is more cxpcnsivc than m,m} other
pl.tccs.
9 lf thc »c.ubor's good. Mcl \\ ill ¡.;o 011 ,m CM
tomorrnw.
10 TI1c} '11 dcíinitclv hirc a car at the weekend.
56 IUVll::W 4-b
Mel's travel blog
Day 3 m lceland
We've been here far two days now, m Hevkjavtk.
lt's the smallest capital crtv l've ever vrsued. so
we've seen just about everythmg now lt's very
pretty and has sorne great museums (useful far
ramv days- and there are a lot of them!), but
rt's very expensive here. more expensrve than
London even. but the tood's good. l've had the
best lamb and trsh that l've ever tasted.
We want to see more of the rsland. so we'II
probably go Oíl an excursión tomorrow. but 11
depends Oíl the weather. lf n's good weather,
we'u stay here and go whale-watchmg in the
afternoon, but 1f rt's bad. we'n detrrutelv take an
excursión. We're also thmkrnq of h1nng a car but
we m1ght leave that till Fndav and dnve north
over the weekend.
lime far bed! 1'11 wnte more tornorrow.
_J
3 Complete the second senlence so that it ml:!ans
the same as the first sentence. Use Lhe word in
brackets.
1 kcl,mrl i� mure pc\1Ccful th.m European citiC'S.
[uropcan tities . Oe!>s)
2 kcl,md h.is a small pupul,1tio11.
Few ----. (liH•!
3 lteland gol its indcpcndcnct• in l 'l4-L
1( l'l,111d h,l'- llf>Pr1 ---------
4 Re} kjavik is thc forthcst nnrth n( ,Hl\ < .1pl1.il dl�.
Re}'kj,l\ il,., i� . (Íur1ht'r)
I VOCABULARY
4 lm Listen lo Jane and Andrea discussing their
next holiday and answer Lhe questions.
1 \.\'ha1 !)'fX' of holid;iv do thcy \\,1111 to ¡.:o on�
2 Whid1 twu do the� ciC<..idc tu think Jbout�
Bwincli Murchi�on íalls Queen fliz.1he!h
Mg.ihing;i
Sa Complete the names of the nalional parks A-0
in the brochure extracts on pagc 57.
Sb Listen again and complete the gaps 1-9 with
landscape words or anirnals.
ursiun
 UNITS 4-6
I KEY LANGUAGE I LANGUAGE CHECK

6 llm Listen to Tom and Shula talking aboul a 8 Is there a word missing in these sentences? lf so,
photo. Draw a sketch oí the photo. decide where to pul it. Then look back al the pages and
check your answers.
7 Complete the conversation with the words and h,I\ e
phrascs. Then listen again and check.
1 1 i\hadsoro throat since las! Tucsdav Ipagc 33)
,1
al pcrsonallv. 1 bcllcvc el That'!. a good poinl, but
2 ,\\v fathcr worked in Brazll in 1002. (p.ige n1
hl look amadng fJ Yuu .. hould do that
3 Thcre'5 ,1 prublcm with lack monv.uíon.rpage 34)
el bccausc gl J think il's beuer
4 1 wnntcd to bccomc a doctor to hclp pcoplc. (p..1ge 36)
cil to hl I agrcc
5 This is leas! imprcssive part of thc countrv. (page 41 l
T: ... and thls pho1o is from my job in lndi,1, \ear,;; 6 Humane havo causcd a lot prohk•ms lo the
,1go. Th.11\ thr- clinic on 1lw li>ft . em lronmont. (¡1agf' 42)
..,: Oh, 11\ IO\l'I}'. \\lho's thc lutle boy on tho right 7 ThC' volcano \\ ill probablv crup! this j cor. tpagc 4lJl
with the two \\OITTCn?
8 (ldcrl) pcoplc might hcalthier in thc iuturc. \p..1ge 491
1; He hclped thc doctors and nurws. vou know.
made tea. íctchcd things. 9 li we both «ork wc'H gel childcarc. tpage 511
v: lt\ inlL'Jl'�ling th,11 the pho!u i� in black and ,, hite. 10 l'm nol surc. l lhinl I agrC<' Angd.i. (p.1gc 53!

r: Yes, 1 that vcu ge! bettcr phctos thls wav,

..,: Yes, .! . The mountains in rhe middlo J
<;O lmprcssivc.
I LOOK BACK I
T: 1 know. 1 loved thc mountains. ln fact. 1 lovcd 9 Find the exercise in Units 4-6 where you:
evcrv thing thcrc!
• listen to cxtmcts from podcasts. (Unil 41
'>: Rcallv, \\h\?

T: Wcll, ·l the wcathcr was good, 1he food was • learn hov 10 givc rcasor» íor an oction. (Unit -1-1

wondcrful. the peoplc wcrc roalf friendly. l'd • wrltc ..1 thank vou cmail. <Unit 41
mili, lile to gn back �-- scc thcm all agaln. • compare I\\O places vou know wcll. tUnit z;¡
,: 1, ! You can tale thrcc monrhs off from this • read about animal imadcrs. lUnit 51
joh, vou know.

1: - 1 couldn't lcavc m, íamil) fnr that long. • learn ,1bout m,maging )OUr lime. !Unit 51

8 if 1 wait till the childrcn are oldcr.
• talk ahout !he differC'nl qag(.'s in lii('. iUnit 61
• learn ho,, to e).¡m..'Ss c_onditions lhat aífe<.I futur(.'
aUions. lUnit 61
• di!>c_U!>S iamih issucs for prest•ntation on a TV shm\.
IUnil 61

H1gh above sea leve!, th1s nauona1 parle has 1 w1th a w1de vanety of

birds and ammals, mclud1ng over half the wor1d's mounta1n 2

On both s1des of the world's tongest l , the Nile,

th1s paric has sorne amaz1ng an1mals, such as buffalo,

4 andS

"
A. mtxture of open grasslands and ra1nforest, around
the '-- m thts park you can see over 100 types of
animal. mdud1ng elephants and b1g cats, such as hons
and7

Protecting the Ugandan part of the V1rangas, mne

'-- !s1x ext1nct), th1s park has 1ots of birds and
ammals 1n 1ts forests, 1ndud1ng the golden 9
REVIEW 4-ó 57
 Science
7.1 CRIME LAB
READING AND VOCABULARY,
science and crime
1 Match these captions with the photos A-C.
1 Invcstigators ccllcct importan¡ e, ldcncc al thc se ene ní
a crimo.
2 Actors rchcarsc a sccnc on thc set of tho Lrtcst crime
drama.
J A !>( iC>nfic;I prepares DNA samplcs íor anal, sis.
2a Read the twu televlston programme revlews. Which
is a documentary? Which is a drama? Which would you
watch?
2b Read the texts again and answer these questions.
1 \ Vhich programrnc does thc re, ie,, cr !-frongl,
rccornrnend!
2 How many crimcs are thcrc in thc cplsodc oí Crimo fab?
3 \Vh.:it is thc smallcst thing that forcnsic scionüstv analvset
58
CrlmtJ lab
The cnme sceoe lrrvesugatm leam has to solYe two murdera
and a borglar} too,ght Senior lorensic scenust Karen wamer
dlscoYers a Vital clue at a cnme scene. her ssters DNA. She
mes to keep her discaJery secre1. but l'ler 005.5 mds out and
tells her she must leave the 1íMlStlga1ioo There's a burglary al
lhe maya·s tocse but lhe luglar rasn't left any fingerpnnts.
Because o( thls, labaarory a.5SL5tant Dan Tumer has to use a
new cece of saerrtlfic equipment, Wllh su,pnsr1g resutts
CSI - the reality
Thls new senes reeas the science bel'Wld modem police
lffle.5tlgaticro. Iris Battle is a forensic scientlst 11 a Q(MlfTlll'lent
crme lab Her team exarmies lhe mateoal frmi !he avne
scere - ftnwtt.l"e oollets, knlves. cipettes - to flf'ld ttwngs
)tl.fcan hardly see. filgefprfnts, tlai"s in::! DNA rrnoctJles.
Thl:s senes explains tv.v saenbsts analyse lhe eYIClence 11
order to IOOl'ltdy l'lf'lo has arnmrtted a cnme lt's a fasClnatJng
pro¡¡ramme aboot ee IM!S aod work cA the real mme scene
mesbgators - Min.tel'j ooe to watchl
3 Find verbs in the Lexts that mean: I GR A MM AR: must and have to
1 iind lhL• answer to .1 prohlem
2 iiml or lcern somcthing th,11 vou did not 1-nm, 6a Pul sentences 1--1 from the interview into these
about boforc three groups:
3 shm\ sonwrhing lh.11 rou muid not S('(' heiore A 11 ,.., nccesearv to do this nhcrc is no cbotcct,

4 evamlnc something carcrullv in orck•r lo unro'>land it
5 break thc l,n,
I LISTENI G 2 \Ve musln't cal or drinl.. in rhe lab.
4a 11& Listen toan intervicw between Iris Battle
(a forensic scientist) and a researcher for the
documentary programme. Pul these topics in the
order (1-6) that thcy lalk about them. (There is one
topic that )'OU do not need.)
B ll is l1('('CSS..1n. not to do thi<: uhcrc i<: no choicct
C II is not neccsserv to do this uhcrc is sorne chokct
1 You don'! havo to slud, law.
3 You must tum ,our phonc off.
-1 You havo to stucf,, chemistn. or biologv.
6b Look at Track 1.47 on page 157 and find more
examples of this language. How do we make
queslions with bsve to?

,11 the two tcams oí cmplovccs D

GRAMMAR TIP
ht work in thc l.1hor.1tor, D
(.l thC' reecarchcr's m,lln intcrcst [J Must and have to are ver, similar in meaning.
We usually use tuve to whcn we talk about
ch the cffccts oí thc n dramas 1
D laws, rules, ele. \Ve often use musl whcn wc
el , i<:iting rhc laboratoo D give our opinion that somcthing is importan!.
ÍI sclcunüc. equipmenl D • L.mguage reference and e,tra practice, pag("; 138-139
µ1 work .111he crime sccnc D
4b \York with a partner. Complete these sentencos
7a Correct the mistakes in thcse sentences.
with informalion that Iris Battle gíves. Then listen 1 Shc have to check thc C'\ idcncc c,1rcfulh.
again and check. 2 \\e mustn't to cat orto drinls in ht•r<.•.
1 Crtmo <cene analvsts collcct thc evidente, whcrcae 3 As l'm a D'-A cxpert, l ha\cn't to l,.nm, about gun<;.
forcnsic "<- ienüsts ... 4 HP mus! d0t'!ó \\ h.11 1 5<1}.
2 In walih, Iorensic sclcntists are cxpcrts in "IX'Ci,11
areas. but on TV thcv ... 7b Complete these sentences with the corrrcl
3 In rcalih, mosl oi thc crirnes are burgl,1ri<...:;, form oí must or have to and the verbs in !he box.
(Sometimes both forms are possible.)
,, hcreas on TV thov ...
-1 On T\, thc, gt•1 D�A tc-;t rcsults in a ÍC\, hours, but ha,e 1,21 lcnci makc ,,cor �x21 1
m rC'alih ...
5 Becausc oí thc TV show. the numher of peoplc 1 A íorcnsic scicnti<;t mu:./ h,11 e or ha, to h,,vf'
appking to \,orl.. in crimc labs ... a uni\crsil\ <;<.icnc.e rlcgrCC'.

2 A police officer él uniH•r<;il\ dcgre1..'.

5 Oiscuss these questions in small groups. 3 A íorensic <;ciC'nti<:t .J umíorm.
1 H,n e } ou seen IV programm("; lil.r Crimr lsb or -1 A policc oificer .1 uniiorm.
CSf tbc fC',l/i(\? Did \OU cn¡o, thcm?

5 A íorcnsic <:cienti.:;t ,1m mist.JI..C"-.

2 Hm\ do rhc pohcc US(' sctcocc and tcchnclogv in
6 A poi in• n1iicC'r hi!'> ¡.;un to ,l/l\ onr.
vour c:11untn.? Think about thc-o thing<:. ·
D'-A (TTV cameras s¡X'C'<'I cameras
computcr databascs ID cards I SPEAKING ANO WRITING I
3 \\'ould ,ou likc ,1 carcer cormcctod with sciencc or
technologv i \ \% \\'h, not? 8a Write down ten things that you have to or
mustn't do in your daily life. Think about work,
study. home and free lime activities.

8b Compare your list with a partner. Does he/she

have to do things that you don't have to do? Agrec
on the five most annoying things that you both havc
tu do.
Science 81i§IIÜ 59
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF STEPHEN HAWKING

SPEAKING ANO 2b Complete this summary oí Hawking's life. Write

VOCABULARY: science one word in each gap. (The words you necd are in
the text.)
1 Discuss thcse questions with a partner. Srcphen H.1wking wa� 1 in Oxford. in 1942. ! le
1 Whil.h oí thcsc subjccts rlo you considcr to be thc studicd ,1! rhc Univcrsities oí Oxíord cnd Cambndgo.
most stien1iíic? Pul thorn in arder ( 1 = thc most He was still ,1 voung man whcn he 2 that he had
sciC'n\ifü:; 8 = thc least scicntiii1J. a scrious diseasc. 1 towcvcr; he rnarricd ),\Jll' \ Vil de,

finlehcd his PhD and gol ,1 1 .u C.m1bridgt•

A<;!ronom� Hiology Chcmlstrj Univcrsity. In 1979. he bccame Proft><;SOr oí 4 . In

Economk's 19ttt;, attcr ,in opcraucn. he surtcd to lJ',l' �1x·Li,1!
History M.1thC'rn,11ics Í\'\(•dicinc Phvsk.s cquípmcnr to hc!p him 'i . Thrcc years l.ucr. hi�

2 Is sciencc onc of thc most importan! school book A 1,_ J listmy oí Time oppcarcd and sold

subjects? millions of copies./ lawking rewmte thc lxok in 200).

Surprisingly, 11,iwking belicccs lh,1t he is not ,in ---
3 Are rnost sclcncc lcssons ,11 school boring?
porson. He i� proud oí hts f,1111ily ancl hi� \\orJ..., ,md
gratcful for tlw ll that m,mv dtúcrcnt pcoplc h,wt•
I READING I gi\en him.

2a look al this webpage about Stephen Hawking. 3 Whal did you find most intercsting about
Why is he íamoust the text?

Educ•tfon
S1 Albans School (20 rrt1les north of l.ondonJ
-:-- IJnlw<Srty Co<leg,,
�
°''""'
PhD.Uo"""1yolCambridge(1966)
\1959-<2). ""'"" Phys<s

- c�reer
lnstltute of Astrooomy, Cambndge (1968-73)

-- -·
-
• Protessor o1 Mathematics, cambridge ¡1919-1
F•mlty
Manied to Jane W11de (1965-1995. lhree children)
Elaine Masen (1995--J
aod
Hawking as a student in Oxford

What is a black hole?
A black hOle 1s a place In
space where gravlty is
very strong. Anyttmg that
la/IS lnto it never comes
oot No!hing can escape
from it. rot evtin l�hl �
a reen "- IS im¡xmll>le to
see a blacl( hOle
Wo<k
Stephen Hawklng is one of the wor1d's most
famous sclentists. He is well-known for hls work
on black holas, and has developed a number of
new ideas about them. Hawking beheves that
the b\rth of the universe {the Big Bang) created
many small black holes. Hawking aJso thlnks
that there Is a sort ol hola in the centre of a
btack hole. This hale leads to another unlverse.
completely separata from our own.
Hawking's 1988 book, A Brief History of nme
From the Big Bang to Black Holes. sold ene
copy fer every 750 people on Earth. However,
many people could not fimsh the book �hey
lound lt too dltf\CUlt) so Hawklng decidOO to
wrfte an easler vers!on, A Briefer History of
nme (2005).
Health
Hawklng d1scovered that he had the disease ALS (a disease
that affects muscle control) al the age of 21. In hls first year in
Cambridge. He only expected to live a few years. However, he
married Jane Wltde and found a Job in Cambridge. In the earty
stages el his career. his lllness gol worse but he was
lortunate that he dld not have to teach. He only had to do
research and this was easier fer him.
Untll 1985 he could talk, but In that year doctors had to
operate en hlm and he lost his speech. Soon. however. people
developed equlpment lhat allowed him to speak. In spite of h1s
dlsease. Hawking does not conslder himself an unlucky man.
He says it has not prevented hlm from havmg a ver¡ attracllve
family, and belng successful In hls work. He says this Is thanks
to the he!p he has received lrom h\s fam\\y ano a large numbef
of other people and organisations.
60 @IJ§ild Sciencc
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF STEPHEN HAWKING

VOCABULARY: nouns, adjectives Sb Complete this text from thc wcbpagc with the
and verbs with prepositions words in the box.

had to did not havc to could could no!

4a Complete these scntences with a preposition
(e.g. to, of). Then check your answers in the text by
looking for the underlined word.
1 Thc lah is scp.iríltc _ thc ma¡n bnlldlng. "'"' • +
2 Hc's wrulng ,1 hi�lory _ crime in the US.
3 Shc bccamc VCI) succcssíul business.
4 Communicating is much caslcr now. th,mks _ thc Stephen William Hawking
tntcmct.
5 Thcy havo reccivcd thc rcport _ thc policc officcrs. After the operation
By 1985, Stephen's speech was getting worse. and only a few
What other prepositions do you know? people who knew him weU 1 understand hlm. But at leas!

rn, 2 commurncate. In 1985, he 3 have an operaten

4b DI Can you complete lhese queslions with a on his throat. Afler that, he�-- have 24-hour care by nurses.

preposition? Listen and check your answers. fOf a time afiar the operatlon hes speak at ali. The only

1 Wh,11 are you intcrcstcd _ 1 way he e communicate was by spelling words. He 1

2 Do you havc ,, good rcla1ionship _ cvcryonc rarse his eyebrows when someone pointed to the nght letter on
in your farnil)? a spetling card. However. a computer expert in California ('Nalt
'Notosz} heard al Hawking's problem and seot him a computer
3 what are )'OU afmid _?
program. Wrth this program, Hawking a choose words
4 what are }OU proud _? from a menu on a screen. Ali he 9 do was press a switch
5 Wh,1t'c; thc bcst thing thars evcr happcnod in his hand. But he 10 also control the program by makmg

vou? a head or eye movement. In that case, he 11 press the

6 what do }OLJ spcnd your moncy _ ! switch. At first he 12

7 Do vou bclong _ ;rny clubs or organiscticns! run the program on a desktop
computer. but then a man
4c Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 4b called David Masan fitted a
with a partner. small portable computer to
his wheelchair.
I GR A MM AR, had to and could

Sa look at these senlences about thc text. Then

match 1--1 with a-d.
Untif IWl'i lw could 1.1/h. His secood maniage to
Elaine Masan
Doctors had to opcmtc on him.
\1,111) P"ºP''-' coufd no/ finish tbe hook.
He- did not have to teecív: I IC' only hsd to do rc$C,m:h. I SPEAKING
1 had to ., ) was/wcrc not able 1n do it

1 dirl no1 have to b) it was necessary to do 11

6 Discuss these statcments about altitudes lo
science in small groups.
3 could C) it was not ncccssary to do it
1 l'm inlC'rcstcd in tht' latcst sci0ntiíic d0vdoprncnts.
4 rould no! rl) \\;is/wcrc ablc lo dn i1
2 Scicncc h;is madc modern lifo hcalthier ,1nd more
comfort,1blc.
GRAMMAR TIP
3 My govcrnmenl should spcnd more moncy on
Thcrc is no past form of mus/. Use had to. sden1ific rcscarch and les� on o!her things.
You must work hard. -e You had to work hard. 4 Scicncc ancl tcchnolog}' can <;olve any prohlcm.
5 MorC' womcn <,houkl 11,ork in thc fíele/ of scicne<.'.
• language reference and extra pracnce. pages 138-139
Science @fi§IH
6'1
'

7�3 S CE NA R I O
I PREPARATION KEY LANGUAGL
developing an argument
1a Match these invcntions, theories and
discovcries with the sctence subjects 1-·I. 4a m In the notes in Excrcise 3, each arrow
(f- f !----+) shows a connection between two ideas.
thc thcorv oí rcl,llh·ih molcculcs iniinit\ The arrows represen! the words and phrases in the
thc prinlin� prt•<;-. ,accin,llions gcnetk s box below. listen and complete these sentences.
lcvcrs ,md pullc_•, s psvchoenaf sis
¡.,. conncctcd to lcd to
LlU.!.<.'CI
1 Hiolog, and Chcmistr, mcans 1h,11 mc.tnt that so
2 Ingmccrtng ond Mc<._h,1nics
1 l think this a rcvoluüon in l..níl\\Jpfi�P.
3 Phvsh s ,md ,\.\athcmaticc;
-t Mcdit inc and Ps, chologv 2 This ideas could sprcad nunb more quh J..h
lh,111 bcforo.
1b Can you think of more inventions, theorics and 3 lt cduc,u ion lor cvorv onc.

discoveries for the different scicnces? 4 'Ih¡s th1• Ía<.1 producnon oi books.

I SITUATION I 5 Thc writtcn word bccamc important ,1\ work. ,md

pcoplc had to rcad.
6 Thc printing prcsv wntcrc can rnakc rnoncv.
tdees and fnnovations is an intelleclual discussion
programme on radio. For a spocial programme thcy
4b look at !rack 2.3 on pagc 157 and find more
are choosing the mosl importan! invcntions and examplcs of this tanguage.
scicntiiic discovcries oí the last Lhousand years.
5 Complete thcse sentenccs. Thcn compare your
2 m Listen to part of the discussion. Julian ideas with a partner.
Blake thinks the printing press is one of the most
importan! inventions. Which of the fo11owing 1 Thc car mcans that ...
reascns does he mention? 2 The discovco ol D�A led to ...
1 People could rnako hooJ..s and ccmnumk.orc 3 Rapld gloh.11 \,,1rming i!> conncctcd to ...
idcav quickl�. 4 Tdc\ iston mcons pcoplc .. ¡.,�
.11 hum<.' ruorc.
2 Pduc.ulon bccarnc povablc for overvonc. ,md so ...
3 Librarles and unlvcrsttics tncrcascd in numbcr. 5 Thc discovcrv of nuclear t•ner�, causcd ...
4 \\riting lxxamc ,1 \\,l\ to oarn moncv. 6 Iho invoruion oí thc retrigl'í,llor mcant th.n .

3 listen again and complete the notes below. Wrile

ene word or number in each gap.

6uttenbtrg ,n,,ented PP m 1
.l
revolation IIIKriowle4gr, NX1rfy, etc.
Why?
111r fiNI rtJ«m:

PP booJ:s, large 1 , qoicKly � ide.1s sp,ud qu,cJ:lt

.l
gre.1f J ,n soc,rty

(or ali f- «:.hoofs f- fJr,t pdctn o( booKs

T
rr-Jd1t19 sKills
v.,mp. f- wrrlten word ,mp ,1/ s
1ñr th,rd rt.JSbll'
PP ''-- c,m m.aKr mor1t-t� 7' wriftN ,1ndJ01.1rrul1sts
i
good for "--
úif1c1sm.

O,d PP-+ ed1u:. (or a((?<J 62 @IJ§jifi Scicnce

yt.Jrf, brtwrrn PP ,md 6(.hoo/s
pronunciation 6c m Work wíth a partner. Which sound do the
consonants in bold have! Is it voiced or unvoiced?
6a ID Voiced/umoiccd consonant pairs Listen listen, check and repeat.
to this phrase. Can you hear the different 1 nuclear encrgy /d'Jf 7 thc tclephonc
pronuncialions of the 'th?
2 acrcplaocs 8 thc computer
the theory oi relativity
3 the car 9 lclevision and radio
•óa 'ürar¡ =>V ,rcl=>'IIV:>I i/
4 DNA 10 rlectricity
To makc these sounds, we use our lips and tongue 11 thc refrigeralor
5 thc dock
in the same way. The only difference is in the way
we use the vocal chords in our throat. 6 tbe printing prcss 12 thc Internet

lo/ is voiced. /0/ is unvoiced.

I TAS K: c.:housing the best invention
6b ID There are many pairs of consonants like
this. Complete the table below with the sounds in 7a The inventions and discoveries in Exercise ec
the box. Then listen, check and repeat. are the top twelve from the radio programme in
Exercise 2. Choose the four that you think are the
'hgL3dd3\ rnost importan! and make notes aboul them. Think
about these questions.
123456 7 8 what are your rcasons for choosing the inventions
p k.fO-. J tf or discovcries?
• What do thc invcntions or discoverics mean wc
canlcould do?
• What did thcy lcad to? What is connected to them?

7b Work with a partner. Explain and compare your

choices. Agree on the top three.

7c Tell the class aboul your three most important

inventions and discoveries. Does the class agree?

OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

Thc rnain rcason t have chosen this is bccausc ...
Onc reason il is important is that ...
Another thing is thal ...
I complctcly agrce with }'OU.
I don'! agrcc with thot point.
Which shalt wc choose?
7!4 �
ST U D Y AND
I STUOY SKILLS: makingnotes �
Pr"� for w"O� i" � Íl'I 1he. lJK
1 When and why do you make notes?
to write an ossey or rcport, to rcmembcr wha1 you 1 Sd,,o/< M.;f � � fo <fue/,¡ � -r """"
havc lcarnt ... fh<.M .,,¡..,¡- 'I'" <-ao, do .,,+fj, f"-i<
Z M,k, ,tfrtv<k.< - """ ,flor, MJk,, '<'be «M""'1<
2 m. Anisha is a student mentor. She is a second- ) tt�Í'15- dií!JY'c-ri --+ hcrd fo G-OMf'C'fc. wifh w-omc-ri M')O
year student who gives advice to first-year students. iwo wntr"' ..¡, of �;� p'f"""
listen to her conversation with Shannon. Whal advice 1 s.,.
h» t, fÍ'!º füoM """" «rfdu,u,, ºbe "' fu,.¡
does she give her? Docs Shannon think the advíce is l.lc aoovr F"' tl,;'5' ;, ;,tuvÓOM
useful? listen two or thrce times if necessary.
1-1 J,
3a You are going lo read an articlc about problems 5 �we. abovt � < ífe.
for women in science in the UK. What kiod of
problems do you think the article will menlion?
Discuss your ideas wilh a partner.

-
-
B

PR061-loMS f"OK
WOf-.lo&N IN SC-1�

,. .,-
��ill\t�
,
IN TH,,- vK

Wf<,,o "" 1 5'�?'

1
3b Read the article on page 116. How many of
your ideas does it mention?

4a A group of students have to write a 150-word

essay on 'Problerns for womcn in science in the UK'.
Work wilh a partner. Look at the notes (A-C) that
three differenl students have made from the article.
Find one mistake in the facts in each set of notes.
4b Find examples of these things in the notes.
1 good ancl bad organisation
2 not cnough detatls of tlu- toplc or idea
3 studcnts using 1heir own words - no! just copying
parts of thc original tcxt
4 information that will not hclp to do thc writing rask
5 words that thc studcnts havc rnade ehortcr
(c.g. neg) and syrnbols (e.g. +)
6 places whcrc words {c.g. the, itl are missing
Remember: therc ls no right or wrong style for
notes. Find a style that suits you.
5 Imagine you are going to write an essay on 'lnvasive
species in the UK'. Look at the text on page 43. Make
notes on it. Then compare your notes with a partner.
ít,&.n1� 10 st.ra.>h "Pu>plt- � st.·mt c.ornfYlt.oh
.1.bo•.d r,¿r �U'. 10 r.1.r1s \.1.b - dD'ti \l,)()f'Y!i,O
1-\Av,� e.n111>n,n nof prob for trinc.n �n NuJ
"""" woh<1<,r,,o
WRITING SKILLS:
describing charts
At rhc age of sixteen, British students take naticnal
cxams (GCSE) in a numbcr of subjec.t�, including
[nHli�h ,incl M;:athc;.
6 Look al chart A on page 65. Which informal ion
1-4 can you find in the chart?
1 studcnts' cx,1m Slicccss in Scotl,mc\
2 d1ffcr<•r1<..cs bch\·C<'n lm)'S' ,md girlf pcrtorn1c1nc(' in
1 h<' GCSI: Clwm islr}' cx,m1
3 <;ludcnts wilh grade<; 1) to Gin thl• CCSF Chl•mi,;\r)
cxtlln bcl\,c.'Cn 1997 ,rnd 2005
4 lhc nwnber uf students \\ ho loo\.. tht' GCSE
(hcrni-.1rv cxarn bctw<.•cn !9()1 ,inri 200';

64 @ii@jjd Science
 W R ITI NG S KI L L S 7�4 �

7 Complete this description of chart A.

GCSE attempts and success rate at grades A to C- England
1 lu- ch.rrt sbow-, thc numher of bo, s ami (subject:Chemistry)
1 \\ hn took the GCSE ! ' cxam
in l hC!\\C'Cn 1991 ,md 4 , end
hm\ m,my of thorn p.ro-cd lhc exam with
the highcst �--,Ato C.
8 Look carefully at chart A and choose
the best answer.
1 Thc red bar show s the numbcr of boys
\\ ho wof... lhr• e,am / p.1��1:'cf th(-' e,am
\,irh grade, A to C.
2 Thc bluc bar ,;htl\\S thc numher of girl'>
who /ook 1hc C'\,lm pJSjf'd the t•.um
11 ith gr,1dcs A to C.

3 In 19W,abuut H//30 l,UJO/

I UJOO girls took thc exarn.
4 In 2001, .rbout 1 :¡ / / 'iO / 1,500 I
l'i,000 girl.; passcd thc cxam with gr.irk-,
A to C.
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

9a Describing graphs Look al these Year

words and answer the queslions below.

,111 mercase fcll ,1 nse a dccrcasc • Boys.entríes (1.000sl • Boys:AtoC(l,OOOs)

dccrcasod rose tncrcased a fall • Girls:entries (1.000s) • Girls:AtoC(l.OOOs)

1 \Vhich are nnum? \\lhith aro vcrbst

2 Which are about going up! \Vhich are 1O Now write about chart B. Describe a) what it is about and
about going dmu1? b) sorne of the rnost importan! information.
3 \ \lhich words mean the same!

9b Complete this summary of the

¡B GCSE attempts and success rate at grades A to C- England

.
(subject: Computer Studies)
importan! inforrnation we gel frorn chart
A. Use the words in the box above. (Fnr
each gap, two answcrs are possible.)
Bctwccn 1991,md 20Qj, more IX1ys th.m 50
girls took the exarn. Looking ,1! tho chert in
more detall. we l,111 scc th,11 beiwccn J 99J
and 1 <JlJ'i, thcrc \\,,� 1 in the numbcr
ni bovs \\ ho took tho cxam. The numbcr
of girl,; who took tho cxam also 1
In contrast. irom J<)()7 tn :WO.'i, thcrc was
'-- in thc nurnhcr oí bovs ,, ho took

thc exam and thcrc wes alc;o 4 in the

numbcr of bm e; who p.rssed the oxam \\ ith

grades I\ to C. In ,1 similar \\ay, tho numbor
oí girls who took thc ex,1111 ,;_, ami tho
numbcr of gfr!s who passed thc cxam ,, ith
tlw highc�t grade, olso ''--. Ovcra!l.
Year
thcre \\,lS - in thc total numbcr of

studcnrs \\ ho took thc C'-Jm bctwccn 1 'J'J7

and 200'i, anrl passcd wrth grades A to C.
Science @IJfflld 65
 The night
8.1 SLEEP TIGHT!
SPEAKING AND
VOCABULARY, sleep
1 Are these statcmenls true for you? Jí not,
changc them so thal they are. Then compare
with a parlner.
1 1 stccp for obout six hours a night.
2 1 U'-U,1lly havo J 101 of drcarns.
3 1 m-vcr talk in mv sfocp.
4 1 oítcn hove slccplcss nights.
5 1 can slccp through ,, 101 oí noisc.
6 On Sunday,;, 1 usuallv docp in.
7 Whcn I go to bcd, 1 f.,11 aslcop vcrv quickly.
8 1 Icel slcopy or don• oñor a big lunch.
I READING I 2 why people talk in their sleap
2 Abolaji is a student on a foundation course
in Manchester befare starting a science degree.
Read the emails and answer these questions.
1 Wh) lw; Abola]¡ writtcn to Dr \Vilrnn?
2 \Vh,11 i� thc rcl.nlonshlp bctwecn thcm?
3 Do vou thlnk Dr \ vilson's rcplv is helptul?
66 INdli•j The night
Dear Dr Wilson
I think l've managed to find a good subject for the end-
of-course talks next month. l'm thin�ing about doing a
presentation on sleep and the brain (how much we need to
sleep, stages of sleep, dreams, etc.). What do you think
about this? Could you give me sorne advice? Could I come
and see vou about it later this week?
Thanks very much.
Abolaji
_J
Dear Abolajl
You seem to have a really interesting topic ere. You might
also want to look at:
different types of sleep
3 how modern life affects our sleep, e.g. light pollution
l'm afraid J can't sea you this week as J've decided 10 go
to the conference In Oslo that I mentioned on Tuesday. l'U
be back on Monday. Perhaps we can tatk after the class on
Tuesday? In the meantime, keep reading about the topicl
Steve Wilson
_J
I LISTENING
3a 11111 Listen to the first part of Abolaji's talk.
According to the information in the talk, are thesc
statements true or false, or does Abola ji not sayf
1 A onc-vear-old bab, necds to slcep for about
twclvc hours a dn}.
2 Sorne adults only necd ílvc hours of slecp a day.
3 REM stands íor 'rapld C}C movemcnr' .md NRE\.\
stands for 'non-rapid cyc movcment'.
4 Rapid mcans quick or fast.
5 Thc hrain becomes more active in l{Ei\l slccp.
6 Brain tcmperarurc mercases during R[M slccp.
3b 11111 Listen to the second part of the talk and
answer these questions.
4b Find other examples of these verb paneros in
the emails and Tracks 2.9-10 on page 158.
GRAMMAR TIP
Wc can use sorne verbs (e.g. /ike, hale),, ith both
thc infrnilive wifh to and with the verb + -ing.
Oftcn, there is nota big diffcrence in meaning.
• Language reíerence and extra practice, pages 140-1-11
4c Complete Dr Wilson's feedback comments with
the correct lense and pattern of the verbs.
Abolaj1
-
Your presentalion was excellent. You '--
(seem I have) a good understanding of the subject.
and you 2 (succeed in I keep) the attention of

the audience throughout. 3 (keep wor1<.) hard.

1 How manv stagcs of sleep are thcrc? You 4 (start I develop) into a first-class student.
2 \ Vh,11 dUC'S NREM slcep do?
3 Wh\ is it ncvcr complctclv clark?
4 Why c_an our modcm \\.JY of liic havc a nogañvc
offcct on our slccptng pattcrns! Amy

Your presentation was satisíactory. The tapie was

3c Complete this summary of the talk with the
interesting and you e (manage J cover) the key
words in the box.
points. However. you e (need / say) more aboul

brain darrugc dorkncss dreams each point. and give sorne examples. You 1
less organising 1) pes (tend / speak) rather quicldy. You also a
(keep / reading) your notes and didn't took at !he
As wc gel older. we nced !O slccp 1 , ahhough audience much. l lhink you·re an mtelligent and

not cvcrvono nccds thc samc amount oí slcep. The talented student but you can do better than this.

lwo z of slcep are RE¡\\ and NREi\1. Ahout _J

80ºo ni stccp is '\!REM <lcop, \\ hen 1 Jtti, ih

slows dm, n. REM c;lpf'p is,, hcn ""-- happcn and 5a Complete these questions using a correcl verb
ic; important Ior '-- our rncrnoncc. One oí thc
pattern.
problcms \\e ísce todc1} is that thcrc is lcss l>
than in thc past and thiv could --- our heal!h. 1 (\\ h.1U do \OU \\,mi
2 Do \OU lrkc !
I GRAMMAR: verb patterns j 3 !
\\'hat do vou hope
4a Look al the highlighted sentences in the emai/s. 5 H,l\'e ,ou e\t>r lhought !
Thcn pul the infinitive of the verbs in the table below. 6 Do \OU t>njo, !

verb + verb + -ing verb + preposition 5b Work with a partner. Ask and answer your
infinitive with to + -ing questions.

I SPEAKING

6 Work in small groups. How much do rou know

about sleep? Do the quiz on page 118.
T
h
e
n
i
g
h
t

#
i
j
§
j
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l
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i
6
7
8!2 THE NIGHT SHIFT

I READING

1a Which oí these jobs regular[y involve working

when mosl people are asleep?

astronomcr baker cell-ccntrc workcr clcencr

WORKING
cnginccr lorry driver nurse officc wcrkcr IN 'I"HE
policc officcr sccuritv guare/ te.u.her

working al night? Make a list and compare with l) .-\ IZ 1(

1 b Whal do you think are the disadvantages oí
other sludents.

2 Rcad the first paragraph of an article about night
workers. Ooes it rnenlion any of your ideas from
Exercise lb?
3a Read the rest of the artide about four people
who work Lhe night shifl. What problem does each
person have with their job?
3b Read the extracta again and match the peopfe to
these questions. (Somelimes more than one person
is possible.)
1 Who couldn'r gel anothcr joh al first?
2 Who is doing a joh that hc/shc lm('5.?
3 Who \\ants to stop working at night?
4 Who C'njoyi. \\Orking \\ ith hlvhcr collc,1gm."i?
5 \Vho hns a joh hc\ping pcoplc in ano1hcr rnunt1y?
6 \ \lho talks about thc moncy th.u ho.shc l',1rns?
7 \Vho talks about pcoplc 111 othcr countrlcs!
8 \Vho p1,111s to use sorne oí his her work trmc to do
sorncthíng <.•lsc!
3c Would you likc to have any oí these jobs? Why/
Why notr Would you mind working a night shift?
Have you ever done that?
I VOCABULARY: -ing/-cdadjectives
4a Undcrline the adjectives in these scntences and
answcr the qucstions below,
9-5: the standard workinq dav However. for
sorne pecple. it's bednrnc These people are
the niqht workers - nurses on the night shift,
lorry dnver-, crossing continents and bakers
prepannq our breakfust bread. Working at
night brilllJS p.irticular problerm: íarruly life is
dilficult, soc1.il lite is lirnitcd. c.ifes ,He closed,
there .ire IC'w buses ,Hld it's bad tor your
lw,ilth \Vith ali these problems, who chooses
\o work ttw ni9h! '>hift, and ,He thev pl,mn1r1q
!ll �t,iv 111 tlw1r JOlJ',?
4c We can make -ing/-ed adjectives from verbs,
e.g. bore � bored!boring. How many -ing/-rxl
adjectives can you find in the text in Exercise 3a? Whal
are the verbs�
4d Complete these queslions with the corree!
adjective. Then ask and answer the queslions with
a partner.
1 H,lH' )OU <;CCn ,lJl n1 prow,1mme r('(.<.•nll\?
I in tcrc<,t!

Night-�hi(r worJ.. 1, tiríng. �o ht> 1, ofren tire<!. 2 \\ h.11 i<; llw rno<.t 1hing ,ou h.1,e dorw?
I ,1111 hort•d hec ,HN' m1 ¡oh¡, horin#, re,c itcl

1 Whic h .,d¡cuiw'i describe hm, wc fcol, oítcn J \Vhc.•n cfid \OU l,l<;l 1C'd rc.1[1\ r 11 ir<.· 1

lxx ausc of somcthing <.•lsl'? 4 I<; thcrc ,lll\ lhing !hat ,ou tlrl' I)\? · i.i'>< in,11<.•1

2 \Vhi<..h adjcctivcs dev-rlbc "h,11 ,;ome1hing ¡., tih•? \\ ., .. frig/Jlt-ned 5 Wh,11 i<; thc 111c>'it
írig/J1c•ning. f.im,1/el
4b Choose the ccrrect adjectivcs. 6 \Vh,11 i� !he mo,t
1 Wc wcn' frightenl:"d I friRhtenin# bcc avsc the íilm \OU? iC'mh.:irr,1<;<;l
7 \VhC'n did }OU la<,l l('t'I thinA \-Oll h,l\P '-<.'t•n?

thing th.it h.1, h,1pp<.'rll'cl

10

?
l<,urp
ri,r
2 Thc lccturc \\,1� illl('n'!>ll:"CÍ intf're,ting. "<1 ihc 8 I<, thl'rc .inrthinA �nu ,Hl' ni? unghten
studcnts wcn- intf'reqpcf inten•,ting in iL

68 IIJ§ifi:i The night

�������-_H_E�N�G�H_T�S_H�F_T������-�

Peter i\ loore To,,y Baggio

1 work :n rught because l'm .\ly work imolves rcpairíng rhc railway rracks, so
fascmared h) the srars. and I we bave to work ar uighr because they can't srop rhe
have been smce I was a lmle boy. trains during the da)'· lt's nor sobad, our ream spirit
l'm happresr when l'm lookmg is grcar and wc gei: pai<l extra. Howcver. l'm going
down fil} rek-scope. Thc sur. to leave rhis job soon. lr's tiring and I havc ro find a
are am:mng and it's grear 1.11..mg normal job because
prcrures of rheru. Hone-aly, l'm my wife's pregnant.
nevcr gomg ro change 01) rob I haveu'r found a
- l'rn an asrro-phorographcr for new job j ct, but J'm
hfc. Of course, ffi} cecal hfe hoping m be a buildcr.
rs poor. bur 1 rhmk l've found lr's hard work, bur no
a solunon to rhis problem. Fm more nights!
v.omg ro hrmg m} la.ptop ro work and jnm an lnremct char
room. l'm hopmg to make fnends wrrh pcoplc abroad.
They "re rhe only people awake when rm \Hlrkm�!
Jolm i\lillar
When I carne to rlns counery, thc
Indira Patel
onlj work I could find was as a
I work in a ca\l
mght secunrj guard. This joh 1.1,
centre m India.
bonng becau,e n's so qurer, hut
hut l am;:\\er rnlls
I'vc decrded to rurn rhrs prnhlcm
from pcople in the
into an advanragc.
UK so I ha,c ro
:-.:e,1 month. l'm going 10 s1.ir1
work at night. lfs
.1 degree m hreramre h} drstance
learmng. l'm gomg ro read ni)
a good joh with
a good salary. lr's
course books dunng rbc long
al.so imcresring because I use mr F.nglish. Bur. to be
qmcr mghrs! 1 don'r "antro be
honcst, working ar night is depressing - 1 miss my
a secunrv guard all my hfc: l'd
fricnds and family - so rd like to lea,·e this job soon.
hkc to he a reacher; l'm gomg
Sur well-paid jobs arcn·r easy to find. so I don'r know
10 appl� far a reachcr-rraming
cour.-.c whcn I Fimsh my degrce. ,, hat rm going to do really.

I GRAMMAR: future intentions I WRITING

Sa Who says these sentences in the article?
1 l'm going to hnng mv Iaptop 10 work.
2 l'm hoping to makc iricnd,; \\ üh pcople abro.id.
3 'vovt rnnnth. l'm going to <tart a dcgrec in
lüeraturc.
-l l'd like to lcavc lhis jnh <oon.
Sb Underline more examplcs of this language in
thc text.
Se Answer these questions about the sentenccs in
Exercise 5a.
1 \\ hich wnrenccs dcscrfbc ,1 planncd oc tion in lh('
luturc 1i.t•.•1 clt•iinitc inlcnlionl?
2 \\ h1lh ... <·ntcni e•.:, Ól"-nihe ,1n ambiliun or drcam
tor lhc 1u1urt•?
3 Hu\\ do \\C m,11...c nt11,ali\c,;; ami qu<."'-lions ,,ith thi'-
6 Think aboul your future. What plans, hopes or
drcams do )'OU have? \.Vrite five sentences. Then find
out about your partner.
I SPEAKING I
7a Work with a partner. Make plans to salve these
problems.
1 You ha,C' a lot oi irC<' limC', but ,ou don'! havl' a lot
oí mont•\. You .are OÍIC'n lx>rc'<I.
2 •wu li\C� in a ior('ign < ountr¡.. 'lou have jusi lost your
joh and ,ou ha,c no\\ hcrc !o li,c.
3 You ha\<.' ju�l lockcd ,our�lf oul oí \OUT house.
'wu h,l\e lcll }our k(,,._, \\.1llct and mohile phone
in'>ide ,nur house. Thcrc is no one cl'>C al home.
\ \ h, don ·1 IH' ... f thinJ. u e thould ...

J,mgu,1gP? 7b Find out what other students have dedded to

_. language rererence and edra pracllce, pages 140-1.t l do to solvc the problems. Are you going to do the
same things?

The night lli§jf@:j 69

8�3 S CE NA R I O
I PREPARATION

1 Do you do these things when you go out in

the evening or at night? How often do you do
them? What other things do you do? Dlscuss
with other students.
go In a rnuscurn go to thc theatre
go to thc ctncrna gn to J íircwork rlisplar
go out ínr dinner go to ,1 sports cvent
go to J lOrlCNI go on ,1 boat trip
go dancing

I SITUATION J Great music, great orchestra, great 1 .

Tomght: The world 2 NationaJ Orchestra perform

Every year, for the month of August, there Beethoven's Symphony No. 3 in the main hall of the wonderful
is a large arts festival in Edinburgh in Edinburgh Castle.
Scotland. There are classical and popular
music concerts, large and small Lheatrical
productions, comedy shows, filrns, dance

shows, talks and special cvcnts. En¡oy rnovres from around the 3 in the festrval's outdoor

cinema - the 4 is free!

2a look quickly at the festival cvents lisling Tonlght: Hum Tum - an lndian film made in the true Bollywood
and answer thesc questions. Al which event(s) style. This is a romantic comedy filled with great 5
can you: and dances.
1 !-C<' ., film?
2 scc il pl,1\ r LATE Nl(;HT EVENTS ( 11 P,M,-2 A.M)

3 hear <orne mu.:;id

4 �C'(' somcthing from Brit.iin?
5 St'C' -omcrhing irom othcr <..ountrie,;? Powerful 6 with the smallest of casts.
Tonight: Shakespeare- a writer's fife. One 7 performs
2b Complete the events listing with the
the full story of Shakespeare's lite. He acts as Shakespeare, his

words in !he box.

mother and B • his wife and even his chíldrenl You'II faugh
actor around famou� Iathor forgct out Joud.

lm atlon plavs popcom .,ong� world

3a flD Listen to Paul, Christine and Emma, Music and dance from all 9 the world.
three American tourlsts, plan a nighl out. Tonight: Japanese drumming. An incredible performance by 45
Which of the events at the festival do they drummers that you'II never 10 . Powerful and unique.
decide to go to!
'

A night out 8�3

3b listen aga¡n. Who has thesc opinions; Paul, pronunciation
Christine or Emma? Wrile P, Cor E.
5 mi lntonation in Wh- questions Lisien to these
1 The tllm ¡,_ a funny love story.
questions. Does lhe intonation go up or down al the
2 HC'1She docsn't ltkc Iiu- Bollywood filrn. end? listen again and repeat.
3 l lc/Shc docsn't likc classical mus¡c. 1 Wha1 would you Hkc to do?
4 Hc/Shc likes ali kinds of mus¡c. 2 wherc would you like to go?
5 Hc/Shc w.uus to visit thc castlc aítcr dark. 3 \\/ha! would you prcfcr to do?
6 Peoplc go to bcd late during tho festival. 4 What would you rathor do?
7 A sccond muste performance is not a good idea. 5 What dn you fancy doing?
8 1 lc/Shc thinks rhc drum show is somcthing unusual.
6 Look back at the events Jisling in Exercise 2a
and write sentences about your preferences. Use
KEY LANGUAGE, the language from Exercise -ta. Compare yuur
expressing preferences preferences with a partner.

4a IIB Can you complete these sentences from

the conversation with the words in the box? Listen
I TAS K: planning a night out I
and check.
7a You are visiting the Edinburgh festival. Louk al
than prcfcr fx2) lovc fanrr the events listing on page 119 and decide which of
rathcr tx2l keen would mind the things you wouldlwouldn't like tu do.

1 \.Vh,it would )Oll 10 do, Christine? 7b Work in groups of three or four students. Plan
your night out together. Chocse Lhree different
2 1 don't that.
things to do.
3 rd to go to tbc classical conccrt.

4 ld sce thc film. 7e Compare your plans with another gro u p. Do

5 l'm not thnt on thc conccrt. you prefer your group's plan?

6 What vou rather do? Hrst o( al/ \\e're going to ¡:o to ...

7 \Vdl, In he honcst. 1 don't . OTHER USEFUL PHRASES

8 l'm more lntcrcsted in the lnpnncsc drummcrs What shall wc do tonight?
rhc ene-man thcatrc show.
What about you?
9 l'd to scc thc drurnrncrs.
Why don't WC ••• ?
10 ld scc 1hc11 than a p1,1y about Shakcspearc.
l'd likc to ...
4b Which sentences in Exercise 4a: What would you likc to do aüor that?
,1) esk for someonc's favourite thing ar choice! I think we should ...
b) mean you llke one thing more than anothcr thing? l think thar'Il be furvboring/tiring.
1
e) mean you don't Iikc something? That sounds grcat/unusual/interesting.
d) mean you'd rcally like to do something?
e) mean you don'! have a strong opinion?
8-�4 ST U D Y AN D
STUDY SKILLS,
improving your memory

MEMORY 1 We tend to forget things very quickly. Can you

STRATEGI ES

.- .
answer these questions?
1 What time did you go to bed last night?
. . 2 Wh,11 colour clothes were you weanng the dd)
befare vestcrday!
One way we can remember th1ngs rs by putung them tn
groups or ordering them. Look at these words for one 3 \Vho was sitting ncxl to you on your last bus or
minute. Then cover them. Wnte the words you train journey?
can remember. 4 what was thc weathcr like on your last birthdav?

.
bus star nurse cate bed ottce worker
bram cinema
ra11\,,.ay stenoa
baby restaurant teacher
chtldren bread
'""' 1 �1 íl'Yl!"W
24hou�

\ ·-
Jrdr�

1
4th '"""'"'
- 1 momh
I Fu,the-.-

. .
ifn«�,.;uy
Now look at this nst of words trom Urnt 7. Orgarnse
them mto groups. Then compare your groups wrth your
aftef lOm.ns'

/ . ... r,
'

oartner's. Are they the same?

"'
book c/ock equ1pmenr notes tetevtsion
car hetr uniform Earth phone lab
1 ---+I• ...--

black hole computar aeroplane j" ""'

ASSOCIATION '"
Another way we can remember thmgs rs by imagmmg
them in a particular place (e g m your house or room).
Look at these words far different kmds of people.
' . '""
graduare mm1ster teenager mvesror

employer consume, retirad person Fmd 8-10 words m tfus urnt that are drtftcutt or
rrnportaot far you. Make upa story us,ng these
Imagine these people m drfferent places m yaur house words Tell your partner your story
You can add surpns1ng ar funny detalfs, e.g rmaqme tne
rrumster at a long table m vour dirnng room. surrounded
by piles of paper These assocrauons and connecuons
can help your memory.
72 IIJ§jii•I The night
look at the other words and thmk of a place m your
house where you can 'see' these people Add sorne
cetarle to the scene. Tell your partner about your house.
Also, 1t can be a good idea to make up stones us1ng new
words. Imagine you want to leam these words

presentat1on weekend sleepless nights

festival dmner museum engmeer cous1n

You could make up a story hke tms:

last week 1 hada lot of sleepless rnghts because I had to
do a presentauoo on Thursday. Toe weekend was good,
though My cousm. who's an engmeer, carne to stay wrth
me. On Saturday we went to the Scence Museum and
then we had rnnner together 1n the evernng. On Sunday,
we went to a feswal m Central Park.
2 Work with a partner and answer lhese questions.
1 Look at tho graph abovc. How much can wc
rcmembcr aftcr one day? Aftcr two dav s?
2 Whcn do wc forgct thc most?
3 What can you do to rcmembcr more?

3a What methods do you use to lry lo remcmber

things (e.g. information, words)? Tell your partner.

3b Quickly read the text on the left aboul ways to

improve your memory. (Don'l do the memory exercises
yet.) How many different methods does it menlion?

3c Work wilh a partner. Read through the text

again and do the practice exercises logether.

4a Which of the methods in the text were new

ideas for you? Which do you think are effective?

4b How many of the words can you remember:

1 from lhc ycl low box?
2 from thc words in 1hc blue box thal )OU grouped?
3 from your house or room?
4 from 1he <.IOrv you madc up?
 W RI T I N G S KI L L S
I WRITING SKILLS: a story
5 Discuss these questlons in small groups.
1 \\lh;:it kmd oí storics do you likl'?
2 Do you likc folk storics or lcgcndsr \Vhy I Wh} not?
3 Are thcrc am storlcs obout thc bcglnnlng or
discovcr, of your rnuntry?
6 Read the Maori story below about the discovery
of New Zealand. How do you think it will end? Turn
to pagc 119 to check your ideas.
8�4
3 Wc -;,n, au island in thc distancc. Al lh.H mom(•nt I
�(JOIJ Sudc.lt•n{\ WL' rc.uhcd thc UM�t.
-1 hcry d.rv he wcnt fbhing. l:vcry d,1y he fatlcd to
cetch an)lhing. Soon / fin,1/1} / At t/J.it moment,
,li1t•r "-t'\l'r.il wt•ek"-, he c aught .t tinv fich.
9a We can use adjectives to makc a dcscription
more interesting. Underline all the adjectives in
the text.
9b Add these adjectives to the sentences. (More
than one answer is sometimes possible.)

7 Match these headings to the paragraphs 1-6 oí hr,1\e d,1ngc.•rou-. diíficul! Íil'rn• gi,rnt

the story. (This includes the ending on page 119.)

1 1 saw .i ush, about thrcc mctrcs long.
Jl Íin,1l l1\l'íl!S d¡ background information
2 Tho h.ing íought thc dragon.
hl IJ1Pr cvonts el rcsuh/concluslon
3 Thcrc was a dog ,111he g,ltc.
e_¡ first ovcnts
4 Tcvcnty men ancl women made the jnurney.
Ba Time expressions Underline ali the time 5 Wc lookod fnr ,1 bridge to crovs thc ri\ cr.

exprcssions in the text (e.g. soon, afler a whi/e).

1O Write a story about one of these tapies.
8b Choose the best word or phrase. • ,l foil... <,IDr)' from your country
1 1 \\,h I\ ing un thc bcach with my cvcs closcd . .Soon / • J strongc drcorn
\fler ,ome time .�uddml) sorncthtng [umpcd on top • thc worst nlght nf \ our lifc
of me.
2 \\l,1!er pourcd into thc bcat. \1 l,1�t In 1Jw end I Use the paragraph struclure in Exercise 7 and some of
Ht'lon· lonl-! it sank. thc words and phrases you underlined in Excrcise 8a.
Make your description inleresting by using adjectives.

Kupe was a great fisherman and chief who
lived on the lsland of Hawaiiki (Tahiti). When
the moon was full. Kupe and the other
fishermen went out to sea and caught fish.
Usualty, they caught lots of fish. of ali colours
and sizes.
2 One night. the fishermen did not catch a single
fish. They realised that a large octopus was
eaung all the fish. Kupe gathered his people
and told them his plan. 'Without fish we
cannot live here. We're going to find this giant
octopus and kill lt. however long it takes!' The
people built an enormous canoe. When it was
ready. they loaded it with food and water and
prepared for a long sea joumey. In all. there
were seventy·two brave people on board,
including Kupe's wife and children.
3 They chased the sea monster across the
endless Pacific Ocean for many days and
nigl11s. but the octopus was much íaster than
the canoe. The food and water were running
out. and the people were suffering. Flnally.
one moming. Kupe's wife. Hlne·te·Aparagi,
saw a long cloud in the distance. Land was
near! She named the land Aotearoa, land of
the long white cloud. Everyone in the boat was
amazed by this beautiful new country.
4 Before long. they landed the canoe on the east
coas! and collected fresh food and water. Toen.
with fresh energy. they chased the octopus
down the east coast. Afler sorne time, Kupe
and hls friends entered a dangerous
area oí water between the north and south
islands of Aotearoa and at last they caught
the octopus. A fierce sea battle began. Toe
octopus smashed its strong arms inlo the
canoe and made a hole In the side of it. Then
the octopus held the canoe very tightly. lt
seemed that the end was near for Kupe.

Tht' night #l@il¡@ 73

 Work and industry
9.1 EMPLOYMENT

I SPEAKING
11, 11, • ltl o.. 41'_!jCllll:*N.(JJ.
�1 Head of Human Re.ources
1 What do you look for in a job? Pul these things
� AIIStaff
in order of irnportance (1 - the rnost irnportant;
8"" the least importan!). Compare in small group3. "- Staff Survey

J wcll-known tomp,1n> gocd PJ) plcascnt

At Maxicomp, managers welcome the views ar
working conditions having fun opportunitics to staff on a wide range of company matters. We
travcl good managers lc.rmiug ncw skills believe that llstening carefully to our employees
fricndl) collcagues over many years has helped us to maintain our
position as the market leader.

I READING I Far thls reason, we would now like to find out if,
2a l<ead this company ernail. What do the
managers of the company want to knowt How
will thcy gel this informalion?
2b Thesc employees all quickly read the ema¡l,
Who has no! understood it?
1 l'm lntcrcstcd, and I can do it bcc.tusc 1 startcd
hcrc four ycari. ago.
2 1 don'! \\,ml 10 do it, bccausc I don't want to
cñscuss t/1<'<:C m.u'ers 1\ irh 1hc comp,111). Tiw�
rnight use it agalust me latcr.
3 Thcro's no polru bccausc the) ncver tell you thc
rcsufts of thcsc survcys.
4 11 sounds rcally intcrcsting. 1'11 givc Mel.ink
Chad\\ it ka e all on Wcdne�day 12th.
and how, staff think that Maxiccmp has changed
in the las! few years. We want to know how staff
used to reel about the company and their jobs,
and how they feel now.
An externa! organisation. Swift Consulting, will do
the research. including interviews wlth a number
of employees. AII staff who have worked far the
company for more than five years can take part.
The discussions w11l be completely private, and
Max.icomp will not be able to identify staff from
their comments al any stage in the process. We
will inform staff of the results in a fulure report.
lf you are interested In takmg part. please
contact Metame Chadwick of Swift Consulting,
rn.chadwick@swm.co.uk rozo 6320 1244) by
Friday 14th May.

74 81i§llfj Work and industry

I LISTENING
Wc can always use the past simple instcad of
uscd to, c.g. He uscd to travel a lot whcn he
was youngcr. (c:c He travelled a lot when he was
3a DIIH listen to Swift Consulting interview younger.)
two Maxicornp employees and answer these
questions. We cannot use uscd to fur �ingle acuons in the

1 Who thinks that thc companv has chcnged the

most. Shom¡ or Rory?
2 Who thinks that lw/shc has changcd thc most?
3b Listen again and choose the bes! answer.
1 Shami thinks th,u shc is lcss cmhusiastk now
bocausc
,1) vhc startcd workmg for thc ccmpanv six
past. c.g. She tded ro fini�h ,rnrk eti,/y )'e�te,dat,
Sb How do we make the negative and ask
questions with used to? look al Tracks 2.14-15 on
page 159 and check.
• Language reference and e"tr,1 pracüce, pages 142-HJ
Se Complete these senlences about the interviews
with used to, didn't use to or use to.

)t',m ago. 1 Shami íeel thc samc way about thc [ch.
b) sho is older. 2 Did shc gu home ,1Í1er 7 p.m. evcrv d,1yt
r, J �he works longcr hours.

3 Rory .ind hi<; collC',1gu<''> use thc gvm

2 Thc company hil,; bclpod her 10
togcther.
al loam nc 1
\\ <kil!s.
h! achlcvc more. 4 Did Rnf\ hil\l' long lunch brc;ik�?

e) travcl. 5 Thcy work more ;is a leam.

3 R.or, 6 Thc) havc many oppor1unities to learn
al wJS more fricmdly in the past. new !.kills.

bt ate rnorc Ilñocn or sbtccn }'C<HS ago.

el docsn't havo long for lunch thosc davs. 6 Write six: senlences about you, your family and
friends. Use uscd to (x:3) and didn't use to {x3) and
4 Rory thinks that he is st¡ll working for the
the verbs in the box:. Then tell your partner.
(Oll1fJ,lll) hecause

,11 he r an learn ne,, skills. be e,,t feel finish go out have

hl 11 1-: more profcsstonol.
hclp know listen think travc! work
el thc Pev is bcncr.

3c Discuss these questions in small groups. pronunciation

1 Do )OU thinls ,\,\,u,kon1p is ,1 good c..ompany tn Sa Look at Tracks 2.14-15 on page 159 and find
, v ork for�
examples of a) and b) above.
2 \Vould vou likc 10 work for ,l companv for a\('!)'
!ung rtmc. likc Ror)?
3 Dn workorv in your countrv work longor or shortcr
hours tlun in the p,1,;!�

I VOCABULARY, work

4 Find these words in Tracks 2.14-15 on pago 159

and the emait. Can you explain their meaning?

cmploycc long setvicc lumh break

market lcador dcpartmcm promotion
�1,111 tralnlng e ourw work ,1<; .i tcam

I G RAM MAR , uscd lo

We use uscd ro to talk about al past habite and

b) past states.
a) Rory uscd 10 rravcl a lot.
b) 11 used to be more fun.
7a Elm usec/ to look al Track 2.16 on
page 159 and listen. How does the speaker
pronounce use
and
use
d?

?b listen again and

repeat.

I
SPEAKIN
G I
8 Work with a partner. You are going to
find out what people in your class used to
do.
Student A: Turn to pa¡::c
11 9. Student B: Turn to

p,1gt• 124. I
WRITING I
9 Compare yourself now with !he past. Write
three
or four sentences about al your
personality and b) your likes and dislikes.

al [ i.m.A to bt. �1.11tt. .'!k�. b1.1t ('w. 11.ot A11.�w.o,ri.

l'w,
\\\O'(t, COK {iJ.t.K t 11.0j,:¡.

bl 1 .:1.iJ.11.'t t.1st. to tikt. to111.Ato�. b1.1t l t.At;..

lot of tkt.�\ 11.0j,:¡.

Work and induslry l@§Hii

75
9�2 GOLD

1e Read the text again and match the sentence

I READING
1a Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 \\lh.11 things do pcople hove that are gold
jC'\\ e! lcrv I!
2 \\lhich do mu pretor. gold or c;ilvcr?
3 Look at the photos. Can vou think oí am othcr
uws ni gold in industn !
4 \\lhich use of gold do pcoplc adnure thc mo<il?
1 b Read this webpage and check your answers to
questions 3 and 4 above.
beginnings 1-4 with the endings a-g. (You can use
the endings more than once.)
1 Puro gold ,1)¡.., an ,1110\.
2 Golcl wirc hl is in manv clcctrk.al products.
3 Gokl in tccth e) is not ven rhick.
-1 Gold lcaf di is not vcrv hard.
el cnntains 62-;"8°o gold.
fi lests longcr tban <orne
othcr material ....
gl is not difficult 10 u-e.
1 d Find words in the text that mean:
tc.g.
1 whcn somcthing allows hcat or l'il'<.lrici1\ lo tra\t•I
oloog or through it rvcrbt
2 the places w here two things join
3 vou can trust sornconc or -omcthing lo do wh.u
vou want thcm lo do
4 whcn vou mix 1,,0 or more mctals togcthcr "º
that thcv combine and bccomc a single mctol
5 prcttv or attractivo, but not .1h,.1ys nt'<C."'""-m
or uscful

Where is gold used In lndustry?

Gold ,s used almos! everywhere. from our homes to octer space.

Why Is it used?
Gold has a number of advantages over olher metals. lt e soft. so rt rs easy to use. lt conducts heat well.
11 lasts a long time and 1t rs not damaged by the envrronment. Gold connecuons are very rehable. so
lhey are used where safety rs importent. In aoomon. gold is a popular matenal m mousuy because of
ns scec.et appearance. colour and beauty.

How is it used?
lt is used m a w1de vanety of ways. The mam use e 1n elecíromcs - computers. pocket ceicutators.
wastunq machines. teeveons. recordable CDs. cars. credn caros and spacecraft. Toe Coh.mb.a
space shuttfe. for example. used nearty 41 kllograrns of gold Gold is !he perfect matenal for contacts.
An ord1nary te!ephone contams 33 gold cootacts. In sorne electronc eqtnpment. very fine gold wnes
are used to connect oirrerem parts oí the equiprnent. Each pece oí wre rs made of very ocre gold
(99.99%) and thnner than a human ha«
The second most importan! use of gold rs tn teeth. However. pure gold is not used. as 1t rs very soft to
use on ds own. lt ts nuxed wch other metals to make an ·anoy· A typ1cal alloy conta•ns 62-78uD gold.
Decorahve uses of gold mclude J0\vellcry. pens and penc1ls. watches and glasses. l11s round 1n
batrirooms. on plates and espec1ally on perfume bottles. Toe most 1mpresswe use of gold is gold leaf.
Th1s 1s an extremely th,n Sheet of gold. Generalty, 111s produced by hand and is used by bu1lders.
glass makers and art1slS. lt 1s apphed to the roofs and ce1hngs of publlc bu1ldmgs. and lasts much
looger than pamt.

76 1@§11@1 Work and indu,;try

·- .:J
 GOLD 9!2
I VOCABULARY: compound nouns j 3d Find othcr cxamplcs of passtve forms in the text
on page 76.
\A/e can use two nouns together to make a ._. l,mguage reference and extra pracuce, pages 142- 1-13
compound noun. Sometimes we write them as onc
wurd (c.¡;. IJathruum), somctlrncs a.<. twu wun.b 4 Complete this text with the prcsent simple
(e.g. e reclit ('Md). passive of the verbs.

2a Complete these sentences with a compound Oil is sornettmcv calted black gold, bccausc 11 j<,

noun. Use a word írom each box lo fill the gaps. extromeiv v.ilu.iblo. 11 1 (m,Ü.c\ b}' vcry smatl

1 Do you rcad ,1 cvcrv day? lí so, which onc?

plants and anfmals 1h.11 died on thc Sl'.1 bed millions
01 ycars ago. Ovcr 50°0 of thc world's oil is in thc
2 Is thcrc a_ ncar vcur houso! lf so. how oftcn
Arab World. Russia and othor countrics that wt-re
do) ou rcnt iilms?
once part of the Soviet Un ion also hove a lot oí oil.
3 Do )OU prcfcr or .ipplc juicc? whcn oil !. líind) in the !>C.J hcd, a .. pcual

4 Do vou use Internet pl.itform called a rig 1 {movc•J intn thc right

5 1 la,;; an cvcr lost vour position. Oil irom thc ground or se;i bcd 4
!sep.ir,1\e) into differenl types
air ch.JI ncws or,rnge ,;;uit video nf oil in a spccial faclol)'
1.:allPd il rcfinery. Oi\ �--
juio..• t.,�c shop fine rooms p,1pcr (use) for íucl (c.g. in car
cngincs) ancl to mc1ke
clrrtricity Wc also
2b Ask and answer the queslions with a partner. m,1kc> pl,1stics with
2c Find examples of compound nouns in the text. iL About 9,000
million li!rcs (55

I GR A MM AR: present simple passive j million barrplsl

of nil (, (u<.e)
Ja look al these sentences and answer the cvcrv day.
questions bclow.
a! Purc gold is nnt uscd in rccth.
h) 11 is mivcd with othor meta Is.
e) Gold wircs are uscd in clcctronic equipmcnt.
1 Undcrlinc thc main actlon vcrb in these scntences.
2 Do thc scntcnces s.1y who ur what dccs thc action
nhc .1gcntl? Se.1 bed
When wc use the passive. we aren't focussing on
the agent oí the action. The agent may be
unnccessary or unknown, e.g. in sentence a), we
do not need to talk about thc dcntists. In scntcncc
b), we do not know who rruxes it.

3b look al thesc sentences and answer the

questions below.
a) Gold is no1 damagcd by the cnvironmen1.
hl Thc cnvlronrncm doev no! damagc gold.
3c We form the present simple passlve with is/are
1 \\lhith scntcncc focuscs our oucntlon nn
and the past partidple of the verb. How do we
gold? make questions in the passive?
2 \\lhirh scntcnro 0111pha<.i<,0<. tho
cm Ironmcntr
3 \\lhich word do wc use in ,1 passlve sentence
whcn wc glvc thc .igcnt of thc actlon!
I SPEAKING

5 Work with a partner. Tell each olher aboul

industry in your country.
There ,m• a 101 o( biR f,Klorir•!> ,uound ti)(• c,1pita/.
i\fost of tlicm ,HC' nC'w.
C,m, .irp madt> in tlw north.
The products are �en/ cJII m er tlw 1\ orld.

Work and 1ndustry @fi§Hd

77
9�3 S CE NA R I O
I PREPARATION
Route One wants to import sorne digital music
players from Guangdong Digital (an electrical goods
manufacturer in C:hina). Richarrl Hallows, Purchasing
1a Discuss these questions with a partner. Manager íor Roule One, is making a deal with Lu
1 Do shops in vour coun1ry oúen havc- s,1lcs? How Han, a Sales Representative for Guangdong Digital.
rnuch discnunt do thcy gcncrallv offcr? Hove }OU

bought any barg.ilns rccently? 3a Befare you listen to their negotiation, Jook al
these qucstions. Who says each nne, the buyer or
2 Havo vou cvcr bought things ,lt a mnrkor¡ Do vou
the sellcr?
cvcr barga¡ n for ,l lowcr pric..e!

1b Complete thesc sentences with thc words in the 1 Price

box. Use your dictionary if necessary. \\lhat's the pricc por i!cm?
l lm\ much are thcv pcr itcm?
suppfv import buvcrs exports How much woufd you file lo p,1y(
m.mutacturcrs rctallcrs

1 \Ve havc to thcsc machtncs bcr,1usc we can't 2 Delivery time

íind thern in our e mmlrv. \\lh,it',; your normal dcltvery 1imd

2 Cofft·c is onc of our ma¡n . Wr <;<.•11 ,1 101 to \Ve nccd delivr-ry in two wccks. C.111 \OLI do th,11?
Whcn would vou llke us to rlelivcr?
Europc.

3 Wc are of clcthcs that are sold abrond.

4 Wc sel! car parts lo Ferrar¡ and Piat. ThQ� are our 3 Quantity and discounts
rnost rmpon.uu . I IO\\ many would ) uu like 10 ordt•r?
5 'Testo' ,111d 'M,,rks and Spcncor' .1rt' British Cm you offor me a di<;crnml?
that havc shops abroad, What disccunt can vou uffcr?

6 Wc cloctrtca! ttcms lo shops and

supcrmarkcts: wo don'! sC'II to rhc general publ¡c. 3b flD Listen to the negotiation between Richard
and Lu Han. Tick (.t) the queslions in Excrcisc 3a

I SITUATION J
you hear.

3c Listen again and circle the correct clctails of the

2 look at the business aclvert and answer these ncgolialion. Who do you think gets the best deal?
questions.
St,1rting pricc: 1 S WO I SHO pcr ítem
1 \ Vh,11 docs Roete Onc do? Choosc thc corrcct Ffrst diswunts olfor<'fl: 2 s-; / 1 )"., (ordt•r, > SOO)
ansvvcr. 1 /(}",. / l",, {ordL•rs > 1,0001
,1) lt manufactures clcctrtcal goods.
bl lt sclls clcctrical goods to the public .
Final qu,1n1it) ordcrcd: 1 1.noo I noo

el lt sclls clcctrfcal goods to shops. Final price: '$87. 50 SH7 pcr itC'lll
2 \\lhere is it bascd nnd whcre cines it irnpo« íron1� Fin,11 dcli\CI)' tirnc: e, JO cl,11 � t11 o 11'C'C'J..• afler ord(•r

Route One
Discount Electrical Goods Supplier

Route One: the fastest way to get

new products into your shop
0794 8345586
-roi,111,1u
l!,lo0•011111rl u
unil SJ �bour llislllffl P.,.t,
O.,l.Wia, C,,,H,l
78 @fi§ilil Work and industry
 lmport-export 9�3
I KEY LANGUAGE: negotiating 6a Work wilh a partner. Write this negotiation
from the prcmpts.
4a 11& listen again and complete these sentences. Seller Buycr

1 S 100? Th.11 rather high. ,1) $150 per item

2 1 scc. \Vt'II. l'm no! that wc can go that low. bl cxpcnslvc

el ordcr 2.000,
3 lf ) ou ordcr 1,000, wc offcr 15º º·
discount of 20"\, ..............
4 Wht1t about wc arder 7';0? / dl orrler l ,000�
5 Thot's still ,, low. el ordcr 1.000, ,,.

6 about 12.l:j",.? discount of lO"o

-.... f) acccpt discount ui I Oºo,
7 ,,C' c,,11 i1 $87? ordcr 1,000, ask to
8 That flnc. $87 por rtcm il is, thcn. / dclivcr in two weeks
gl can't doltvcr in two
4b Which of the sentences above are: wccks. dcfivcr in
a) suggestions, offer:, or proposals! threc wccks. OK?
b) rcactions ur rcplicv to offcrs and proposalsr .............. hl Dl'iinitcl) !
pronunciation
6b Practlse the negotiation with your partner.
S fltl Sentence stress in prcposals Look at thcse
proposals. Which words do you think are stresscd?
Listen, check and repeal.
I TASK, making a deal I
1 \Ne ccn only offor n S" •• discount on SUO. 7a Work wilh a partner to negotiate a deal.
2 li rou ordcr 1,000, W<..' LJn offer 1 S"o. Student A: Turn to pagc 118.
3 \ vhat ,1bout if wc crclcr 7 50? Student B: Turn to p,ige 1 1 O.

7b After your first negotiation, swap roles.

9�4 S T U DY A N D
I S TU O Y SKI l l S: giving a short talk 2b Look al Track 2.20 on page 160 and find the
phrases louise uses to:
1 louise works for a company that makes 1 introduce thc first tapie
chocolate. Part of her job is to give talks about the 2 íinish a topic
company. Here are four questions she always asks 3 summarisclconcluclc a topic
herself befare she starts to prepare a talk.
4 start .J ncw topic
1 What is the tapie of m)' talk?
2 Why am I going to s.1y il (e.g. lo inform, persuade, 2c Match these phrases with 1-4 above.
amuscl? To summarisc. ... First, l'd like to talk aboet ...

3 Who arn I going 10 talk to? Turning now lo . That's all I want lo say ahnut ...
4 How much time do I havc for thc talk? In conclusion, . lct me bcgin b) -ing .
!lm Listen to the beginning oí her talk and answer To conduele, . l'd Hke lo start by +« .
questions 1-4 above. 3 Look al the list of things you should do when you
2a EIIII Listen to the second part of lhe talk and prepare a talk. Fill in the gaps with the words in
complete these notes. Write one or two words in the box.
each gap. tharh lnformatlon notes ordcr
practisc proncmiation
Histor of chocoiate
Mayans drscovered chocolate in about 1 AD. 1 Find out sorne intcrcsting .

They made a 2 from roasted cocoa beans 2 Pul your ideas in thc best .

- 'chocolatl'. 3 Makc sorne to hclp )'OU to rcmcrnber

Spread to Altee civilisation (modern 3 ). things in thc tolk.

In 4 , Hemán Cortés drank chocolate with 4 Prepare sorne pictures or to make )'our
Moctezuma. points clcarcr.

Cortés retumed to Spain in s , taking cocoa 5 Check thc of difficult words.

beans with him.
6 thc talk.
Chocolate became popular with 6 m Spam.

lt took nearly 7 to spread across Europe 4a Prepare a short talk of about two minutes on

because the Spanish kept tt aª--· one of these tapies.

In 17th century, chocolate 9 became popular • your lifc story

in London.
In 19th century, chocolate became 10
the first eating chocolate appeared.
• the history of yovr ... (family I univcr<;ity / town /
and cil) I Ievourite pop group)
4b Work in group'i. Take turn'i to give your talk.
When you listen, look at this lisl. How well does the
speaker do these things: very well, OK or needs to
improve?
1 Hc/She welcomcs his/hcr audicncc.
2 He/She tells thc audicncc what he/she is going 10
lalk about.
3 Hc/Shc speaks slow ly and dc.uly.
4 l le/Shc sounds Inrorostcd in what hc/shc is s.1ying.
5 Hc/She tries lo build a rclationship \\ ith his/her
audience.
6 Hc/Shc chOO<iCS voc,1bulary that hclshc thinkc;
thc audicncc will J..now, and cxplains Jn)'
difii1..ult words.
 Moclezuma, the ninth Aztec king

80 @1@1111 Work and industry

 W RI T I N G S KI L L S 9�4.

- a traditlonal family business In West Afrlca

To begin with, cocoa pods are cut from
cocos traes with large knives, taking
care no! to damage nearby flowers.
The women o! the family collect the
pods in large baskets, which they cany
on their heads. Next, the pods are split
open with a knife and the beans are
removed. Foüowmq this, a pile of wet
cecea beans is put on banana leaves,
which are spread out m a circle on the
ground. More leaves are pul on top to
cover the pile. Aher five to s1x days, the
wet mass of beans ,s dried in the sun.
lastly, the beans are pul into sacks for
transport ali over the world.

WRITING SKILLS, 7 We usually use thc passive whcn we are

describing a process
5 The plctures above show thc carly stages oí making
chocolate. What do you think is the corree! arder? Read
the lext and check.
6a linkcrs Sequcncing phrases (c.g. to begin with)
tell us the ordcr in which lhings happen. Undcrlinc thc
sequcnclng phrascs in the text.
6b Which othcr scquencing phrases do you know?
describing a procesa. Underline the examples of
the passlve in the lexl abovc.
8 The piclurcs below show the carly stages oí
tea production. Write a paragraph describing
the process, using the nouns ancl verbs below
and sorne sequencing phrases.
Use thcsc nouns: íil'ld�, loavcs, machinc. lc,1
pl,1nt,;, �PP{ i,11 bcds
Use thcsc vcrbs: crush. dry, gro\\, pick. plnnt

about a ycar

10-20 hours
about four years

Work and tndustrv @!lll@j 81

 REVIEW
A Olfil'S EEST FfilEN[)P
Our quick guide to ... diamonds
Most people I ov.n a
diamond. but why? What exactly
are these stones and why are they
so specet? Read our qurck gude
and find out!
WI 1at are Lli.:t1 nonds?
Diamonds are the hardest natural
stones on Earth. Tocy -:1_ many
kilometres below the Earth's
surtace. and come to the surface
only dunng volcaníc eruouons.
Toe stones that "e find now have
of course been near the surtace
for thousands of years
üíarnnno hislory
Earíy rereerce, to damonds come from locha. where
people 3_ they brought good luck. eoo from China,
whcre people 4 them as tooís. There are many
references to the stones in Europe 10 the M1ddle Ages.
For examp!e. in the thirteenth century the French Kmg,
Loue IX. 1ntroduced a law that sard that only the king
'-- diamonds! But tus people soon 6 the law so that
anyone wah moncy could buy the jewels.
Oiamond industry
The mdustry of rmning camones rs thousands of years
o!d. The mam demono industry 7 to be in Afnca.
as today but m south India.
lt stooped in the eighteenth
century because there were no
diamonds left. so the mdustry
then B a duterent source
for the stones. and 1t moved
first to Bra21I. and then to
Afnca.
Diamonds in
jewellery
A diamond 9 very gocx:I
quality to become a jewel. wah
mgh evels of cleamess and
colour. In fact. over 80% of
dtamonds are used in mdustry
mamty as cuuing tcols.
I GRAMMAR
1 Read the text about diamonds and choose the
correcl form for the gaps 1-10.
1 al are going 10 bt would Hkc to l l hope
2 al form bt are form e) are formcd
3 ,1) uscd to think h! use to think e! uscd thinking
4 ,11 sccmcd using hl sccmcd to use
el secmcd use
5 al could own bl can own el O\\O
6 al succeed in ch.inging h¡ succcodcd to change
el succeedcd in changing
7 al wasn't hl didn't US<.' el didn't usod
USl'<Í
8 al had lo find bt mu�I find el had lo found
9 al have to be bt can he c.J ha� lo he
10 al kmm n bt is kmm ing el is know n
2 Complete these scntences with the corred form
of used to, had lo or coufd.
1 Thc Jndians hclicvc th.11 di,mmnd:. brou�hl
good luck.
2 ln the p,1st, mam peoplC' .1fiord 10 buv
diamonrls lx•c:.1usc they ,,erC' ver. C'xpensi\C'.
3 They savC' thC'ir monc\ for mon!hc; hC'forC'
thc, could bu\ ,111} jc,,cllcn.
4 Tnd.1\, people 1cnd to insure their jC'\H•llcr.,, hut in
lhc past thc, do th,11.
I VOCABULARY I
3a Look al the words in the box below and find:
1 l\,o ,erh:. umnl'<.tcd \\ith lfilllL'.
2 l\\O other ,,ords conn('(_tC'd \\ ilh crime.
3 lhr{'(' word'i íor p<'OplC' al ,,ork.
4 two ,erhs conncclcd ,, ith sl('('ping.
Biolog, commit eolle.1gut• doze
emplmee e,idt•nc.l' fingerprints 'ilaii
Mathematics PhvsilS sl('('p in sol,e
Oiamonds as symbols
Damonds are often symbols of love and
etertuty Many
coup!es exchange damond nngs when they
get mamed.
3b There are three words left in the box. What do
hclong happcn hic;ton inter('stcd
they have in eommon?
r<.•l;itionship suceessful
4 Complete the gaps 1-b in the film review on page 83
with nnf' wnrd from each box.
The 60th weddmg anniversary 1'1 as the 'diamond in in oí to to ,, 1th
weddmg. svmtonsmg lave Iorever;

82 REVIEW 7-9
 UN I T S 7-9
il OK, th.u sounds fine! D
Blood Diamond j1 Oh, that sccms ,1 bit high 10 me, for ,, play in

1/'Jhen I went to see Blood

our local thcatrc. O
Oiamond last weekend. k! A com.ert? 01\, lct's SC'C what's on. But what
about ií W<' go d.,ncing <11 the weekend! D
I wasn't sure 1f rt was an
action movie. or a l) l'm not surc about thal. l'm not that kccn on
the the thcetrc. whars on? D
diamond industry in Africa, ml Hul l'd rather go with vou. D
and I sti!I don't know! But
it doesn't matter- it's a
great film. I LANGUAGE CHECK I
The film tells the story of 7 There is a word missing in each sentence.
Danny Archer (Leonardo
Write it in. Then look back at the pages and
OlCaprio), a man who is
on)y really 2 _
check.
one thing - making 1 You don't havc studv medie ine to be a
money, which means psychologisf. \p,1gc íC))
smugghng diamonds from 2 Thc scicncc building b separare 11w rna¡n
Afnca. He rneets Solomon Vancty. a fisherman whO finds a school. tpagc 61 J
rematkable diamond - enonnous. pure and ver¡ valuable. 3 VI/e belong a classical music group.
However, when tus village is attacked. he runs and leaves tpogc 61)
the dfamond there. The strny then fo!lows Solomon's

'-- Archef, as they ¡oin together to fiíld \he 4 They had ,;olvC' lhC' crinw VN) quicl,.,ly.

oiamond. and of course, al! the frightening thmgs that (p.igl' 61)

'-- them. The film has a social side - IOOking 5 l u<;ually aslccp vcry quicklv whcn I go to

at the way the First World takes things that 5 _ hC'cL cpagt• 661
other countnes, but at the same time lt's an exciting movie 6 \Vhen are you going s!ar1 the coursc�?
wrth an 1nteresting story1ine. (page 6CJ)
lf you want to find out if the men ares ther 7 \Vould vou prt'Íl'f '-l'l' ,, íilm m ;i play�
search for the diamond, you'II have to go and see the film! (pagc 71)
My ratJng: 8 \·\e rlidn't u,;c take long lum.h brcuks.
{page 7íl
9 Silvcr USC'd in a lot uf jcwellery. (pugc 771
I KEY LANGUAGE 10 TllC' prices sccm h11 high !o me. (pagf' 79)

5 flD Listen to Anna and Rob talking about what to

do. Who would prefer somcthing active? Who would
I LOOK BACK I
rather go to a concert? 8 Find the exercise in Units 7-9 where you:
6 Pul these lines írom the conversation in order. Then • llstcn to .in in1cr\ le\\ with ,1 íorcn<;il scicntisL
listen again and check. tUnit 71
a¡ Mmm, t'm more interested in somethtng active. 1 think • learn thc r1.1mcs of sorne scicn!ific subjcus.
l'd rathcr go danclug. D {Unil 7l
b! Thcrc's ,1 plav b, Davld 1'1,mwl. The tlckets are f20, • desuilw ,1 thart .ibou1 UK c,c1rninatinn,;,
flíorfW.D (Unil 7J
e) l'm borcd. LPI'<; go out this evcnlng. E] • lisien to a 1all,., ,,hou1 the impor1,mcc of slcep.
dr lf \OU go ,, ith íri('nd,;;, 1'11 cook a rcally nicc
}OUr
(Unit 8)
dinncr for uc on Sunda}, D • plan ,1 nigh1 out. (Uni1 81
('\ \Ve\\, wh<1\ wm1\d ynu prefor \o du� O • ,wilc .:i. shmt stol"\. IUmt 81
(¡ 1 don't know. look. wh} don't you go dancing ,,ith • ta lk alxlul what t lassmatcs US(.'CI to do. (Uní! <)¡
your friends al thc \\l't,•kend? D • rcad abou1 thc u,;cs of gold. (Unit 91
gl I don't fanq d,:mcing. l'd prcfcr to go to a conccrt. D • givt• a short t,1lk. IUnit <))
ht OK. J'd lmt• to go lo thc theatro. 1 hcvcn't bren for
.igc,;. D
REVIEW 7-9 83
 Global affairs
10.1 UNITED NATIONS

I SPEAKING
The United Nations isan orpanlsaton that w0<1<s
in many different areas. In order to carry out its work, the
1a What do you know about lhe United Nations
UN has a large department of lnternational civil servants (the
(the UN)? Discuss thesc questions with a partner.
SecretariaQ. The head of this UN department Is the Secretary
1 When \\J<; thc UN foundcdt General and there are about 9,000 other staff members. Toe
2 How m,m� tountrie� are 110\\ UN rncmberv' Secretary General is responslble far the day-to-day
3 whcrc ¡,., thc UN bcadquattcr .. ? organisaUon of the UN and lts many projects.
4 whcrc j,; thc curren! St.•ue1.ir� General from? As well as these work responsibilitles. the Secretary General
5 Whid1 of thc-c activ itie,; is the UN no1 lnvolved is a symbol or lace of the United Nalions He or she Is aso a
with? spokesperson for the people of the world and can ask the UN
to help with difficult situations in the WOfld
Aid and p<'.UC kcoping Childrcn's right<.
Rt>ligiou<, t-c!uc ation Iconornic dcvclopmcnt
The Secretary General also chooses the Messengers of
Peace. These people publicise tne vlOO( of the UN and they
lntern.uiorul [u-th e Enterutnmont are chosen trom thf! ñelds of sns. lserature end sports.
Messengers of Peace have included luc:iano Pavarotti (opera
1 b IID listen and check your auswers.
slnger} af'\d Muhammad Ali (boxe�.

I READING l 2b Are thcsc stalemcnts true or false, or does the

2a Read this cntry írom an encyclopaedia. What is
the main subjccl oí the textt
1 tlu- wur], oí thc United Nations
2 u•k•hritit•" ,,ho ,,orl.. fnr thc Secretar, CPn1 r;il 1
3 ütc 'icuetar� Genero! ,111d hi-, her dcpartmcnt
tcxl not say?
1 Ihc UN hclps prorcct ondangcrcd aninMI�.
2 Thc Sccrctartat managcs thc UN'( rl,,il\ buclm-«.
3 Thc SL'Líl'1M\ Ccncr,r! ¡., ven \\t•ll pald.
4 Tlu- 5l'{ rctarv Ccucr.tl can roqucst 1h,1t tln- UN
<olvcs ,, problcm.
5 Thcr ountrlcs in thc Unltcd Natinnv �t·lt'll thc
1\-\('<,(('!1¡:\('fS of Pe.u e.

6 Tlu- Me��cngers oi Poacc tell thc \\orld about tht•

Uf\.'s work.
7 Politid.111� (,"1 bccome M(•<.,$t•ngN� of l'cocc.

84 fl§HIHI Global afíair<:


I LISTENING I GRAMMAR: present ccntinuous
The Secretarv General's schedule of activities and
meelings is available on the UN wcbsite.
3a flD listen lo Beth tell the web designer about
the Secretary General's appointments for next week.
How many meetings docs he deíinitely have?
3b listen again and answer these questions.
1 Whr-n i-, he meeting thc S) ri,m Forcign Ministcr?
l \Vho /,.; IK• rm.>cring .it � p.m. on Mond.iy?
3 \ Vhich comrniucc is he talking tu on Tucsda,
a! 10 cl.rn.?
4 Who i� ht• meeting al { p.m. on Tucsdav!
5 Wherc is he goini4 on \ vcdncsday morning? Wh)?
6 Whn is he meeting .11 12 p.m. on \Ved1ll'sdav?
VOCABULARY: people
and organisations
4a Pul these words into lwo groups: A for
individuals and B for groups of pecple.
ambasvrdor assí-tant civil servara
commütcc dopartrnent hcad oí a dcpartmont
mtntster prcsidcnt spckcsperson srafl
4b Match sorne oí the words ebove wilh lhese
dcfinitions. Write dcfinitions for the other words.
1 ,, group of pc'op)c wbo mee! regul.irl)' and m.ikt•
importan! decisior«
2 polltk ion with ,m irnport,inl guvomment ¡nb
.1
J ene part nf J tomp,'.m) or organisntlon
4 somconc \'-'ho represente and spccks for a group of
pcoplc ur an org.inis••nion
5 <omcono \\ ho holps a more senior collcaguo
10.1
for future arrangements
5 Look al these sentences and answer the
questions below,
al A1 1 r .15 he's meeting the S\ rian Forcign Minislcr.
bJ Aftcr lunch. he's sceing 1lu..' Prc�idenl !JÍ tbc Sccuntv
Coundl.
el He rmght phonc thc British Prime Miniq(•r.
1 ArC' thcsc «ntcoccs abcur tho prcsent or thl' iuture?
2 In whic h <crucnce is thc J1Jio11 nut Cl'í!am!
We can use the prcsent continuous to talk about
fixcd futurc arrangemcnts and rnectlngs. Thcse
arrangcments often involvc other peoplc and we
usually give thc time or place oí thc action or cvcnt.
GRAMMAR TIP
Whcn we talk about futuro plans, wc can use
e.. lthcr the prcscnl conrinuous ar going to with littlc
change in meaning. Whcn we want lo show the
plan is more arrangcd or fixed, wc use tho prcscru
continuous, cspecially whcn we glvc the exact
lime of the arrangemcnL
• language rerereoce and extra practice, pages 1-14- HS
6 Jane Goodall ían authot) and luciano Pavaroui (a
singer) are UN Mcssengers of Peace. Complete their
appointments diaties for ncxt week.
Student A: Turn to paP,C 1 :W.
Studcnt B: Turn to p,1gc 12 l.
I SPEAKING AND WRITING I
7 a lnterview your classmates to find out what they
are doing in thc next week. Make notes of their
answers.
\ 1 /¡,¡/ an• 1 ou cloing lonight thi, 11 ('<'J...enú�
- f'm going IO /lit' cifwma 011 Sa111rrlt1h ,llld on
Suml<l} /'m ...

7b Wrile a paragraph to summarise your class's

social arrangements.

Global affairs HJ§ll@ifj 85

- I SPEAKING
BIG BUSINESS

1 look al this list of companies and answer the questions.

BI> Coca-Cola Fiat Cooglo Honda 181\\ 1\\cDos1.1ld'<:
Ncstlé Nintcndn Nokla Phillps Sarncung Shcü Son}
1 \\lhat do !hC) do/produce/
2 In \\ hith countrv clid thc) start!
3 \Vould you hkc lo work for thcm?

I READING I
2a Read the text about Microsoft. How did Microsoft
changc bctween 1975 and 2007?
2b Which decade do thc following statements go with�
1 Pcoplc in the USA thought that MiuosoÍI was thc top
cornpanj.
2 Thc company st.mcd making software ahroad.
3 Satos oí one particular product wen- vcrv goocl.
4 Microsoft hclpcd pcople ancr Ihc terrible cvcnts in thc
lndian Occan.
(
5 Cates ,md Allcn startcd tho cornpany.
6 Mic.rmoft bccamc more lntcrcstcd in scllmg r-omputerc to
peoplc than to companics.
The seventies and eighties (1975-1989)
7 Mit ro�oft had prohlcms in Europc.
Microsoft was set up m Albuquerque (New Me,uco,
3 Find words in the text that mean: USA) m 1975 by 8111 Gales and jus fnend Paul Allen.
1 .m idea th,11 vou thtnk is true The two men wcrc guidcd by ¡¡ behcf mat every
desk m every ofílce. and every home, should have
2 thc programs that J competer uxcc to do diffcrent [obs
a computer, so they started to 00\telop software for
3 g,1\C' most oí it, time or ottontlon to !hi, personal computers At first, the company
4 ,ltl ,1rt'.l ní lanrl wherc comp.mv tor LlllÍ\.C'r<;it\ 1 buddlngs .m- concentrated on sellmg to busmesses In the late
5 .i short. clcvcr phroso tha! is Lfü'<I in adccrtislng l970s. M1oosuh moved to the Seanle area lt 1s still
based there today. on 1ts own 'corporate campus' 1n
6 madc J ncw product availablc
Redmond. In the m1d 1980s, Microsoft was grow,rg
4 What do you think were the tbree rnost importan! ycars rap1dly and chose the Republic of lreland as the
for Microsoft? locatíon oí rts first product,on facility outs1de the USA
By the end of that decade, however, anrtudes were

I GRAMMAR: past simple passive

chang1ng 1n the USA, and the company was crit1c1sed
for makmg 1ts employees work too hard!

Wc often use thc past simple passive to lalk about the

history of something (c.g. an organisation), cspectaltv
when we are more intcrcsted in 'what happcncd' than
in 'who did it'.
\li< rrNift was sel up in /97'i.
\ \ 'inc/ows (} 'i was refeased.
f1f,1n� wcre announced 10 clt'\ C'lop üie e ,1mp1h m R('(/mond.

5a Find other examples of the past simple passive in the text.

5b Wc form the past simple passivc with was/wcrc and thc
past participle oí the verb. How do we make negarives and
questlonst
• l ,mguage reíerence and extra practice. page1o 144-14'i

86 li!lii,j Global affaire;

 BIG BUSINESS
The nineties (1990-1999)
1994 Microsoft Encarta was launched - the
hrst encyclopaedra that was destqned to run
on a computer. The company slogan was also
changed to: 'Where do you want to go today?'
1995 W1ndows 95 was released, and more than
a million copies were sold in the first four days.
The company focus moved from business to the
consumer. MSN, the Microsoft Networlc online
service, was also launched, and quickly became
one of the fargest Internet service providers.
1996 Microsoft was named the company that
Americans respected and admired the most.
1997 Microsoft opened rts headquarters in
India, now the second largest after its US
headquarters
1999Gates's book Business O the Speed
of Thought was ccbhebed. The book shows
how computer technology can salve business
problems in new Wa'fS. lt is now published in
25 languages and 1s evaileble m more than
{fJ countnes
The 'noughties' (since 2000)
2001 Windows XP was released worldwidc.
2004 Microsoft gave $3.5 rrnlhon for reliel and
recovery efforts after the Asian tsunami. Bill
Gates himsell has given over $30 billion to
support projects in global health and learmng.
In th.s year Mcrosolt Iaced lega! action from
the European Union far unfair ccmcettncn
2006 Plans were announced to develop the
campus in Redmond.
2007 Microsoft Windows Vista was launched.
10.2
6a Use these prompts to make qucstions about the starl of the
ltalian company Fiat.
1 Whcn Fiat set up? \\'hf'n 1\,1� Fic11,e1 up?
2 Wherc cars / test I in thc c,1rl} }C,1rs?
J \Vhcn car ortccrts aim al womcn for thc firsl lime?
4 Whkh ncwspapcr . bu) I b\ Fiat in Jq26, Comoro cle//.J Sc•ra or
L., St,unpa?
5 What set up in thc late l 920s?
6 whcrc Fiat cers construcr in thc carl) J t}JO'-?
6b EID Listen and check your questions.
6c !111 Listen again and note the answers. Then compare with
a partner.
7 Complete this text with the past simple passive or active
form of the verbs in brackets.
(set upl in Taegu, Korca, in I q W b\ Byung-Chull
Samsung 1
LL-c. At thatlime, Samsung General Srorc üts nrigin,11 namc¡
'-- (St.•lll dricd fish, vcgctablcs and fruil to China. Samsung
(which mearte thrcc srars in Korean) 1 tgrowl quickly
In thc 1970s, Samsung -i (movel into indusll) and mam new
Samwng compantes ,; tcrcatej. o.g. Samsung Shiphuil<iing.
Ouring this decade, Samsung also <, tdcvclopt its home
clcctronics business. In 1976, thc one millionlh black-and-w hite
TV --- (produce). Thc nevr vcar, colour tclov isions 11
(C'xport) for the firvt lime.
In the I qn0s, Samsung ''-- !pul) its t.'tll'rgk� into tcchnologv,
and ne,.,. producls 10 tinlroduceJ to the global mark<'t. In
1 %7, Samsung's Chairman, B) ung-Chull l.t.>c, 11 {diel aíter
almos! 50 )ears in charge oí the comp..1rw. l lis son, f..un-Hcc l.cc,
"-- !hecomC') thc- new chairman oí Samsung.
I SPEAKING I
8 Discuss these questions in small groups.
1 In wh,1t ,,av do thc comp;mies on thest• p..1ges ,1ffecl vour life?
2 Do }OU think lhat big companies have too much f)(),,er?
J Do �ou think thC) are good or bad for societv?
4 Whilh do )OU think arC' more llO\\Crful, gmernmcnl<; or hig
companics�

Global affairs lllhl(IJ 87

 I SITUATION I KEY LANGUAGE: addingemphasis

1 a Where was the last Summcr Olympic Carnes 3a !ID Adverbs Listen and complete thesc
held? Did you watch any of il? Did your country win
sentences frum thc extracts.
any medals?
1 Wc'II crea te an 01) rnpic park which is
1b Which thrce dties below have never yet hosted scvcn minutes frnrn thc centre oí I ondon.
the Summer Olympic Carnes? Check your answers 2 Hall of thc vcnucs will be uvo minutes frorn
on page 115. thc athlctes' eccommodatton.

Amstcrdam Athcns Bcrlin Lo'> Angeles Madrid 3 ten per cent wiH be more than l\\t•11ty
Mclbourne Mcxiu> Cit)' i\los(m, N('\\ York minu!cs away.

Osaka Paris Scoul 4 Athlctcs will be ,1 short walk trom thc rnain
stadium.
2a Elm In 2005, london won the compelition

to host the Olympic Carnes in 2012. lisien to four 5 The Olvmpic park \\ ill be sevcn mimucs
extracts from the presenlalion that was rnade by the from central London hv tro¡n.
British Olympic Commillee anrl match thern with
the tapies a-d. 3b We can use just and on/y lo ernphaslse how
small something is. In thc sentences above. is the
a) tr,msport
emphasis positive or negative?
hl tbc sports facilith-s
e) accornmodatlon for athlctes 4 Adjeclives These adjectives were used in
the presentation. Can )'OU rcmember what they
d) London's spcclel ambiüon for the Gamcs
described? Look al Track 2.26 on page 161 lo check.
What othcr adjectives can you find?
2b Are thesc sentences true or false? listen again
and check. 1 rnagical memorable
1 Thc urg,mi.,l'r'> wanr thc Gamos 10 cncouragc 2 world-d.rss rn,1gniíiccn!
cluldron to play sport. 3 modcrn comfcrtcblo
2 Nonc of thc sports vcnues alrcady cxi<it'>. 4 hlgh-specd comprehensivo
3 Thc Olvmpic p.irk will be lcss than ten minutes
from thc e it) centre.
4 Thc Olyrnp¡c stedrum will have 1 8,000 scats.
5 Man)' veuues will be a long W.J)' from thc athlcrus'
acccmmodatton.
6 Toe athlctcs will sl,l)' in single rooms.
7 Ten train and undcrground linos go to the vences.
8 Visitors to thc gamcs don't havc to pay to use thc
trains and buses.
 An Olympic bid 10.3
pronunciation I TAS K: making a presentalion
5a [ID Pausing and emphatk ..trt"<;S When you
givc a talk or presentation, it is important to pause 7 a The IOC is choosing the nexl city for the
and to emphasise key words. Listen and rnark the Olympic Carnes. The choices are New York, Madrid
pauses like this //, and underlinc the words with and Osaka. Work in groups of slx (rair A, B and C).
extra stress. Each pair is going to prepare a short presentation
aboul one of the dtics.
Hrct. \\t' want to deuvcr il m,1git,1\ expcnoncc.
Pair A: Turn lo pagc 122.
,lrl chx 1rit\ ing atmosphcre for cornpctltors .md
Pair B: Turn lo pago lli.
srxx.totors. Our aim i<; tu inspire )UUllV, pcoplc in
Pair C: Turn to pagc 120.
13ri!,llll and ,lUOSS thc world to pl,iy sport.

Sb listen again and rcpeat. 7b Take turns to gfve your presentation to your
group and listen to the other presentations. Make
Se Look al Track 2.26 un page 161. Practise saying notes under these headings.
the first scnlences oí each section. Experimcnl wilh Location. population and 11e.11hcr
lhe pausing and stress. Spt'l·i,11 ombitionzconccpt Sports vvnucs
6 Wurk with a partner. Use adverbs, adjectlves and Athleh"i' accommodetion Transpon
ernphatic stress to talk about your city or country. 7e Which presentation do you think was the best!
Think about thc buildings, lransport, facilities and
evcnts.
f h(•rp i5 ,, tomprt'hn1:,i\ P pvhlic lr,m•porl �1 ,tt-'m. OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
I 1t•n H',ir then• ¡., a (C',/i1,1f 1\ith ,1 '>fJt'(/,1<.uf,1r We are herc lo represen! ...
fin•1wr/.. di,pl.J). Thc speclal ambltion íor our citv is ...
Thcrc are four main poinrs.
Hrst oí all, .
Secondly, .
Finally, ...

•
L Li_ L
---==-......;;;;;:,,,,,
89
 STUDY SKILLS,
improvin, your listening
1 The skill of lislening There are two main kinds of
Hstening: listening for the general idea and listening
for detail. look back at the listening exerclses in this
coursebook and find sorne for each kind.

2 Listening in English Make a list oí different

siluations when you listen to English (e.g. watching
films, listening to lectures). Which are the easiest /
most difficult for you? Why? Do they involve listening
for the general idea, fisfening for cletail, or both?
There are a number of things we can do before we
listen which can help us to understand better and
gel thc information we need.
1 Wc can use our knowlcdge of thc tapie.
2 We 1.:.1n gucss what thc speaker will say.
3 Wc can gucss thc vocabularv thc speaker will use.

3a Activate your knowledge You are going to listen

to a talk about lnterpol, the international police
organisation. What do you know about it? Describe
the lntcrpol emblem. What do you Lhink it means?
3b Predicting content Here are sorne questions
you can ask yourself before you listen to the talk.
Can you add two ar three more questions?
1 Wherc is lntcrpol bascd?
5 lmportance markers The speaker uses a number
of phrases to show that what he is saying I going to
say is importan!. Can you complete these sentences?
look al the underlined sentences in Track 2.29 on
page 162 and check.
1 lntcrpol now has 184 mcrnber countries. And let
me out that it's those ccunrrics that pay for it!
2 Don'! rhat ruost Intcrpol officcrs stay in thc¡r

2 How rnany pecplc work íor it? own cuuntry.

3 But, and I rnust your a11cnlion to this, wc
3c Predicting vocabulary Which of these words do
never break thc law in any country.
you think the speaker will use?

4 OnC' oí our is problcms conncctcd with drugs.

accommodation boxcr crirnc criminal

databascs cntcrtalnmcnt financia! fingcrprints 5 Another important is trufñcktng in hurnnn

hcadquartcrs languagcs laws litcraturc boings.
mcrnhcr poi ice forces prioritics slogan staíf 6 Anothcr priority is Iinancial crime.
7 Ihc importan! thlng wc do is 10 runa global
4a !ED listen to the talk. Does the speaker talk polir-o rommunlcetlon systcm.
aboul any of the things in your questions in Exercise
8 lmponant thlng wc do is 10 prevido trntntng
Jb? What does he say about them?
courses far national pollee forces.
4b Listen again. Did you hear any of lhe words you
6 Do you think lnterpol is an important or usefu1
chose in Exercise Je?
organisation? Why I Why not?

Eddie (Jackie Chan) cnlists lhe

help of British lnterpol agent
Nicole (Claire Forlanil in lhe film
The Medaffion.
 W R I TI N G SKI L L S
WRITING SKILLS,
a for and against essay
7 Discuss these questions in small groups.
1 Are thcrc ,1 lot oí CCTV (doscd c.lrcuf
rclcvlsíon) cameras in your town?
2 Whcrc do you usually find thcmt
3 Do vou lhink thcy ere ,1 goorl !hing� Why I
Wlw not?
4 l lm, do thcy rrukc rou feel?
Ba Zeina is a student in london. Read her
cssay about CCTV cameras. Does she mention
any oí the things you discussed in Exercisc 7?
10.4
9b Where can you find thesc things in the text?
Write I for inlroduction, MB for main body and C for
condusion.
1 ,, statcrncnt nf 1hc writcr's npinion
2 :i <;tatcmcnt of 1hc 1mport,mcc of 1hc �uhj<'cl
3 ck•\clopmcnt of imporl,1111 ideas
4 ,1 st.,tcmcnt of 1hc writt-r\; .1ims
5 a summary oí thc main points
1 Oa Underline the phrases that are used in the text
to talk about advantages and disadvantages.
1 Ob Use thc table to make senlences about
Zeina's opinions.

TI1c m.1in !he go,ernnll'n1 has spcnt

The advantages and disadvantages achan1,1gc of ,1 lot oí monc} on 11ll'm.

of CCTV cameras The m.iin ccrv the} hclp to c,,t<.h

dis.1dv.1nt,1gc of carncríl<; is Lrirninak
Thcrc are now four mitlion CCTV carneras in thc
One of thc gO(xl th,,t pcoplt• are w,11Lhing u,;
UK. That mcnns (me camera for cvcrj fourtccn
pcoplc. lf} ou tlvc in London. you are cuugtn on ¡xiints ,1hout ,,11 thc time.
camera 300 times cvcry day. Tbis ¡..., bccoruing Ont• oí thc bad ordin,1ry pcoplc fecl s..1fcr.
a ,•cry importanr íssuc in our livcs. How i, it poinl<; ,,hout
affccting u,'! Thi,; cssay wi!l considcr whcthcr
CCTV carucru-, are gocd or bwJ for us. 11 linkcrs Study the use oí the linkers although,
on the other hand and thcrcfore in the text. Then
One M!TiOU'- disadvantagc oí CCTV cameras i,
complete these sentences.
thm II b tlifficult to lim.1 privare pfucc-, in our
citics. Pcoplc are wnrchlug u, cverywherc \\C go. 1 CCTV c.,1mcras c,rn catch criminals,
Anothcr pmblcm with thcm is thar. bccausc rhcrc they ,1re C'Xpcnsive.
are so nmny orrhcm. thc govcrnrncrn hai. -pcru u 2 Thcrt• aa• ,l nurnhcr oí good poinls nbout
lot oí moncy nn thcm. this. , 1hcrc are many more bad points.
On thc othcr hanct. u major advantagc i, that thcy 3 1 herc is VCT\ lil1IC' data abou1 this. , it is
hclp to cmch crimiunls und preven: cdmc, fmrn diffü ul1 to rc.1ch clcar conclusions.
happcning in thc fir.t place. Anothcr advantugc 4 A (art-cr in thc poi ice force could be vcry
i,; thnt ordinary pcop!e fccl safcr and havc mure 1ntcrcsting. , it might be dangerous.
Frccdom 10 lcnd thcir livcs as thcy wivh. 5 thc crime r,1tc is going rlown, pcoplc
To sum up. are thc carneras good or had'! Thi-, i, sornc1imcs f('('J !css s;:ifc.
a difficull qucwlon to un .. wcr. Although we fccl
safcr. cvcry movc \\C rnakc l-, -ccn h) soruconc. 12a Work with a partner. Discuss the advantages
somcwhcrc. Thcrcforc. wc might gct more and disadvantages oí these topics.
írccdom in ,omc wn)',. but wc to-e it in othcr 1 having a 101 more policc officcrs on lhe s1rec1s
wuys. Pcrhap-, «e nced 11101\! time to undcrsumd of OLJr tities
thc cffccts nf thi-. but I pcoonnlly 1hink thut thc 2 polkt• forc.cs having a lot more fcmJlc
advmnagcs are grearcr rhan thc dl-ndvamagc-. oííic t'r'-
3 using pl,1in-tlo1hcs policc (i.e. poi ice no1
in w1iform)
8b Do you agree with the ideas in this essavt 4 scnding crimin,tls who ,,re not dilngcrous
to prison
9a Match these headings a-d with lhe
paragraphs of the essay. 5 lntcrpol

,l) ach,1,,r.1�<'" c l introdu<.1ion 12b Write a far and againsl essay on one of
bl conclusion d¡ rlisadvamogcs the tapies above.
Which of thcsc íorm the main body oí thc essayl

Global affairs 9·1

 The environment
11.1 GLOBAL WARMING

SPEAKING AND Dunng the long tustorv of our planet, the climate
VOCABULARY: global warming has often changed far natural reasons. Ttus is
because the energy that we get from the sun
1 Discuss these questions with a partner, changes regularly. The planet was warmer dunng
1 what are thc causes of gloh,11 \\arminp.? the ume of the dtnosaurs, and dunng the ice age
2 \Vhal .H(' thc eÍÍC'CIS oi glob,11 \,,1rming? Use thc rt was four degrees lower than today. However,
word<; in the box. nowadays the climate rs chang1ng faster than
ever befare. This rap1d change, known as global
thc Arctic ralnforcsts glac_icr� <:c.1 ice
warm111g, 1s causad by the current h1gh levels of
sea tcvcls coral rccfs tcmpcrature drought
cerbcn droxide (C02) in the atmosphere.
extreme weathcr
There has been C02 m the atmospbere far m1llions
3 l.; cllmatc chango ,1 ncw phcnomcnon! of years. Ammals produce C02 when they breathe,
and plants use rt to make energy and oxygen. The
I READING I co2 that ts not used by plants forms a blanket in

the atmosphere. In a posrnve way, thrs blanket

2a Read this essay and underline informalion that
you didn't know. Compare with a partner.
2b Rcad the texl again and answer these questions.
1 \Vh,11 cau-es natural climatc chango and wh,11
G1lJ<;('S global ,,.irming!
2 Is thoro .m� thing good aboul C01?
3 \Vh) is thcrc more CD.! in the atmosphere than
IA cr beiorl'?
4 \\lhat prohlem docs a thk ker CO .! blankct cause!
traps the sun's energy and keeps the planet warm.
However, C02 is atso produced when we burn
a1I, coal and gas - the fossil fuels. Because of
tlus. the amount of C02 m the atmosphere is now
hrgher than at any time in the last 600,000 years.
The C02 blanket is getting tbcker and thicker, and
rtus means the ptanet is gemng notter and honer.
Thrs rs causmq the raoo chmate change and n is a
danger to Irte on ttns planet.

92 @jfill fhe envtronment

I LISTENING
3a EIIIJ Listen to part of a documentary about
global warming. Number these topics in order (1-6).
,l) thc prr-scnter's opinion
bl ralnforcsts
et computcr rnodcls
dt thc Arctic
el coral rccfs
fl <.c.•,1 Icvcls and thc P,icifk. islande
3b lisien again ancl answer these questions.
1 Hm, long h.tc thc prescmcr been a .,t_icntist?
2 How long hc1s slw bccn a doc_umcnl,ll)' m,1kcr!
J \'\'h,1t doc-, ehc nocv bclicvc/
4 Where doos lohn Watts worJ...?
5 \Vh� is lifr· gctting h,1rdcr for thc poi.u hc.•,ir,;?
6 \Vhy ore thc Pacifk islands drsappe.irtngr
7 \Vh.Jt t, h,1p¡wning in thc.• rainforcsts!
6 \Vh) ore coral rccfs d, ing?
9 Look .11 thc graph. \Vha1 do thc 1,,0 ltncs �ho,,?
3c The presenter says we have to produce less
C02. How can we do that? Discuss with a partner.
GRAMMAR: present
perfect continuous
4 look at these sentences and answer thc
questions.
aJ l'vc bccn a ,ticntist íor O\N ..JO vcars.
hl I\L' bccn m,1king n.uure documentarlos íor rhc l,l'i!
I\\ l'll!) VC',lí<;.
c1 l\l' lx-cn ,,orking hcrc slnce 1980.
d) 1 t.an <ihm\ how thc tcmpcraturc 01 thc plonet lw;
bccn e h.1nging for thc lust 1 00 )C.H'i.
1 IJo thcw wntcncc-, rcfcr lo finishc<l or unñníehcd
lime pcrio<ls?
2 \'\'hith ecntcoccs describe rcpeatcd or c.ontinuous
actlon«
3 \\lhich onc_,.; describe <il.Jlc...,?
D
D \1\/e can use the present perfect corulnuous to
describe repeated or continuous actions that
D continue up to now. \Ve do not usuallv use it with
D statc vcrb ...
D • language rcference and extra practn.e. µagC§ 146-147
D 5 Complele these scntenccs with thc presenl
perícct simple or continuous of the verbs. Which
verbs are slale verbst
1 Sra levclv quitkh íor thc lavt lt•n vc.rrc. iri,t•l
2 \\'C' ,1houl gloh,11 ,,arming íor ten vcars.
Iknow¡
3 Wt• oil -tncc thc indus1ri,1I rcvoluuon. !U<;Cl
4 l lm, long_ vou _ ,1 "ticn1isl! llx.•I
5 Hm, long_ <be _ documcntartcsr lm,1ke1
6 Complete these queslions with the presenl
perfccl simple or conlinuous of the verbs. Then ask
and answer the questions with your partner.
1 Hm, Ion¡.:_ H)U _ lnglish? tlo.rrnt
2 1 le"' long_ ,ou _ }OUr hc,t 1riL•ncl? rknow 1
3 Hm, long_ )OU _ to lhi<i �(h1x1I? !tOOW!
.i 11011 long_ )OU _ }OUr lUrtt•nt h.1ir <;ll'lt•?
I h,1\ el
5 Are vou n..•.iding a nmt..•I ,11 thC' rnomcnt? Hm, long
n1u il? irc<1tll
6 Do )OU h,l\C' .:ijoh? l l<m long _ vm1 _ il?
!h,l\CI
I SPEAKING
7 How much do )'OU agree wilh these statements?
Give them a mark out of 5 (1 = complclely disagree;
5 - complctcly agree). Compare your opinions with
)'Our parlner and discuss thc statements.
1 Wc t.in'1 �!op gloh.il \\Mming. lt\ loo 1,1\<.'.
2 1\.h gmL•rnmt•nl h,1� l.x.'l'l1 doing .i lot to n'flu«•
glob,111,.1rming.
3 NlJClcar pm,cr ¡ .. thc l)('<;l \\,1' to rcplacc í°'.;,il
fucl po\\L'r.
4 Thcrc �hould h<' an cxtr,1 t..'lo-t,1, on llighl,
5 Thc \\.l) 1 liw rll} lifo i<; b.ul for tlw t•mimnmt•nt.
6 Wind form, are ugh ,incl <;houldn't l:x.• ln1ilt in
hc,1uti1ul pi.in'"·
Thc environment 19§1111 93
11•.2 WASTE NOT, WANT NOT

VOCABU LARY: containers 2 (

1
and materials

1 a Work with a partner. What do you lhink the photo on

page 95 shows? Check your answer on page 110.

1b Match thcse words for containers with pictures 1-8.

hottlc box cnn/tin c.mon

j,ir pockct poi tuhc
4
Match these materials with the containers.

alurniniurn cerdboard gfass metal papor plastic

1e What do you do with containers when they are emptyr

I READING I 5
6
2a Read this email discussion thal appearcd in a national
newspapcr. Which oí these best describes Kevin and
Alicia?
1 Kcvin is íl consumcr and Alfc¡a works for a supcrmorkct.
2 Kcvin i� ,1 [oumal¡st and Alhl.r \\ork,;; 111 thc packaging
industrv. 8
3 Kovin works for an org.misotion thot protccts thc
7
C'fl\ i ronnwnt and Alíe ia work'i for thc gnvernrm..-nt.

Dear Alit'it1 S1ew11r1. /)l!llr Alicia. prnblcm on thc packug111g imlu�tf).

On my way home from work 25 1 -cc. ltowcvcr. thc füct i� that hcrc t'on�umcr:. :md g1i1crnmcnt, :1l�n
ycstcrday. 1 stoppcd off al my local in thc UK. 11c thruw II hugc amounl su nccd to ¡¡¡¡.,,.- m:1io11. Tlw anwunt 111'
supcrnmrkct. Among othcr things. 1 of packaging a11:1y 4.6 milhon packaging 11 a�Lc tlwt '!, rcco1 crcd and
5 wantcd to buy a couplc of coconuts. tonncs evcry ycnr. Ali rbosc caus. rcc}clcd in thc UK lm, bccn going
Whcn r pickcd thcm up. 1 \1 ns umnzcd jurs and bows add nhout .U!IO a ycar up for Mime time. h nm, �umd, :u
th11t cach cocouut \\ u� 1\ rupped in JO to thc nvcrngc food hill. Thc maiu 6J0o. bul thb cnunlf) ·� record i,
clcar. lhin plnstic. lsn'"t this thc rnost supcnnnrkcts gi1..- l 7 billion plasuc SS poor cnmpared \\ith othcr l·uro¡x:an
stupid exnmplc of packaging evcr? bngs out u ycar. In uddiuon. our coumric,. \\'ha1·� nwrc. c,cn 11ith
10 Rcgards. Kevin \/f'Cahf! srrccts nrc full of packaging mbbish biodcgrndablc matcrial<i. it\ nol
such as \1 mcr boulcs. crisp packcts. cnnughJUSI to pul ruhbi�h in a holc in
thc ground. \\ ithout �un. air am.t \\ a,cr.
Dct1r Kc1·i11, 35 noodlc pots and plnstic hog". rsn't it
your rcsponsibility 10 do somcrhtug 60 a rubbish hJg th:tt �hould break up in
You\c pickcd 11n unusual cxamplc of
about thi�? titlccn d11p could �ti11 c,i�l hundrcd�
packaging. but thcre is a rcnson for
of)l'(U'S from 11011. That', :1 problcm
this. Supenuarkcts warn to nmkc surc Yours. Kevín
for pl:rnncr:.. Rcmcmh.:r too. that
15 thut coconuts rcach thc consumcr in changcs in �oc,ct) lll'C go1ng on ,1hil"h
thc \ crybest condition. Thc p:1ckaging l)eur Kevin.
f,5 :tffcct th..- amount of pack:1ging 1h:11\
hclps to kccp thc product Ircsh: it 40 As o maucr of foct. 11c ore doing pnxluccd. Pcnplc are hu) ing morc all
cuis down the demngc if rhe product �omcthing. A lot ofthought 11011 g01:�
into 1hc dc�ign of packaging. so th:1t thc tinw. Al,o. mol\.' and mnrc p�>t1pk
gcts brokcn: it stops ccconut hairs are li1 ing :iltHll' a11CI lhí.') 're l'.lling
20 from gctting into othcr food during in many ca�c� \IC use thc mínimum
more co111..-11icncc food. So e\ Cf) ntll'
truuspcrt nnd it ullows supcnnarkcts mnount ofmnlcrial. \\'c·rc also using
70 h.i� to pull tn¡;cthcr 0111h1,.
to put on an infonnation labcl. 45 more biodcgradablc mutcriul� and
Yours .. llida
Bcst 11 ishcs. A/ida thcsc cnd up mainly as \\Ulcr \apour.
Out p,.'Oplc shouldn't just blnmc thi�

94 C,@1111 Thc envtronmcnt

����

2b
WASTE NOT, WANT NOT

According to the tcxt, which two sentenccs are corrccl? 4 Complete these sentences with the
....
-

1 Thcrc ore no argumcnts to suppcrt wrapping coc cmns. particles in the box. (The phrasal vcrbs
are írom the texl and earlier in the
2 Pcoph- in thc UK are pa) ing nL•.irh LSOO .1 veer for iood
coursebook.) Then ask and answer the
¡),1Cls,1ging.
questions with a partner.
3 Ke, 111 thinkv that thc packaging industrv rnu« reduce thc
,1111oun1 of p,icls;iging w,151l'. awav bnck clown (x2l
-1 Thc paLkaging industrv is no1 concomed about thc nrnount oí
out (x2l up (x2)
p,ick.1ging ,,.1qe th.n is pnxluccd in the UK.
1 Did príccs ge or clown la<;1 }'ISH?
5 Thc UK rccyclcs mure p,Kk.iging w.istc 1h,11111w1y o111l'r
2 \Vhat's thc most hucrestlng thing
Furopcan countrlcs.
you'vc found rccen!I}?
6 Ch,mgt·� in soc il't\ havc little cffcct on hnw much pal k,1ging
3 Havc vou evcr carricd .m�
\H' uso. rcscan h?
2c What do thesc wurds in lhe lext rcfer to? -1 Hac .mvonc in vour family cver set
1 thi-, tltm- 8l 4 lt {linr- S H ,1 companv or ,1 ,lub?

2 it {liru- 171 5 Th,it (lino 621 5 Do you wrttc a!l thc ncw ,, ords
you learn?
3 thosc rlino .+ól 6 1ht'} rlinc (181
6 Do )OU throw rour old cknhcs

I GRAMMAR: phrasal verbs I \\ hcn vnu buy new cine�?

7 l lave vcu cvcr borrowcd .mythlng 1h,1t
vou havcn't givcn ?
A phrasal verb is formed by a verb and one or two othcr words
re.g. np, ckw;n, 01(). We
cal1 thcsc othcr words particlcs. Thc 8 \ Vhy muvt wc t ut thc .unount of
meaning of a phrasal verb is often differcnt from the meaning p,H k.iging w.1�te?
of thc vcrb without a particlc.

3 Underline the verbs in these sentences. Which two are

I SPEAKING I
phrasal verbsr What are the differcnces in mcaning bctwccn thc
phrasal and ncn-phrasal verbs? Sa Work in small groups. Discuss what
you can do lo cut clown waste. Think
1 .u HL•\ going 10 thc supcrrrurkct.
about thcsc things:
ht 'lhc amount of wastc is gcing up. birthday cards, toys, plastic bags, fruit
2 .n Shc cut her hirthcby cckc. and vegetables, print-outs from your
h) P,1tl-.,1ging r.uts dovu darrugc. computcr, videos and DVDs, water.
• lan¡.:uage reference and e-.;tra practice, pages Hb-147
Examplt·�:
mohill:" p/Jom'.� - rt'CH /p 1/wm
birt/Jd,n prl'•Pnh RiH' e mC'm,1 or
tomerl tid,..c·t,, 1101 di.�/)(J:-,11Jlt• ROod,

Sb Turn to page 124 to check your

ideas.
Thc cnvironment 1@§(1111 95
 1•.3 S C E NA R I O
I PREPARATION
1 Change lhese sentences so that thcy are true for
the place whcrc you live. Compare your ideas with a
partner.
In m� LÍI\
1 thcrcs ,1 lnt oí uglv graffrtl.
2 rnovt oí thc c.mals and ponds aren't verv ( lean.
3 thorc ,HP mmy empt)' and dcroltct houscs.
4 thcrc .tro sorne «ruúv ,ln'.1'- oí w,1<.!t.'i,md.
5 my local park i<.n't vl't) wvll-kept.
6 m,111} strccts .trc run-down.
7 pcoplc oftcn dump rubbish in wcods nnd W('('ll
I SITUATION I Poppy discuss and in whnt ordcr! Do they generally
local community groups oíten try to improve local
environmcnts. Thcy apply to the government for
funding for thcir projects.
2b The govcrnment funding committee have sorne
guidelincs to help them assess a project proposal.
Look al the guidelines below. Which oncs does thc
Wild City project meet?
Good projects should ...
1 lmprove thc local cnvironmcnt.
2 solve J problcm.
3 irwolvc local people working togcthcr.
4 need no, or liulc, annual fluencia! supporl.
5 oífer ideas far futurc dcvclopmcnts.
6 makc thc local area 'greener'.
arcas. 3a EID Listen to the funding committcc discuss
lhe project. Which of thc guidclincs do Rick and
agree or disagrce with each other?

2a Read the funding proposal bclow and answcr

thesc qucstium,.
1 \Vhat j<; tho main purposc of thc projcl..l�
2 \Vhic.h do vou think are thc thrcc most irnpnrt,mt
henefi1'- oí tlu- projc•rl?
3 How rnuc h docs it cost e.uh \t',1r?

WILD CITY
Project title Wild Crtv
Project description The regeneration of
an area of wasteland by turnmg it mto a small.
urban wi1dlife park.
Benefits of the project
1 !t will turna scruffy, ugly area of wasteland
into an attractive nature park.
2 lt will mcrease the number of trees and
animals in thrs urban area.
3 lt will be an educanonal resource far local
ctutdren.
4 lt might attract sorne visttcrs to the area.
5 lt wil1 bring the comrnurntv together. Local
people will bui!d and look after the park.

Budget
Total cost: [60,000
Cost breakdown
Clearance of the wasteland: [10,000
Purchase of 100 traes: [40,000
Purchase of plants and seeds· (5,000
Annual running cost: [5,000

96 l@§H@II Thc cnvironrncnt

3b Listen again. Are these statements true or false?
1 R1ck ,;,1ys thc proJCCI is good far thc cm ironment.
2 11 solvcs a problcm bccausc it hrings local pcople
togcthcr.
3 Thc project does not rncct two oi thc guidclines.
4 Thc armual running costs are accopreblc.
5 Projccts with unpaid volunrecrs are oítcn
unsuccccsful.
I KEY LANGUAGE: question tags
4a E1!J Complete those sentences from thc
conversation. Then listen and check.
1 You can't gC't mur-h grccncr than a \\iklliíc p,uk.
vou?
2 Thc projccr ,;ohe,; J probicm. _ it?
3 Thcv muid do it unpald. thcy?
4 \Vc\c seen that foil before. "e?
\Ve can use question tags when we think someone
will agree \\ ith what we sav, \Ve use them to check
that someone has the samc idea or opinion. In the
scntences in Exercise -ta. the speaker expects the
listcner to agrec.
4b look al Track 2.31 on page 163 and find more
examples of question tags.
4c Complete these sentences with question tags.
1 11 costs a 101 oí mane}. !
2 \Ve can'r pi!\ far cvcrvtbing, !
3 Thev havcn't enswcrcd alt thc questions, '
-1 tt'< a good idea. !
5 Thc, coulci make a iC\\ cbangcs, !
pronunciation
Sa flD lnlonation in queslion tags listen to the
senlences in Exercise 4a again. Does the intonation
on the queslion tags go up or downt
\Ve use this intonation when we think thc listener
witl agree with us.
Sb Work with a partner. Practise saying thc
sentences in Exercise 4c.
I TAS K: allocating funds
6a Work in groups. You are the íunding committee
considering three project.s. look at the information
about the other two projccts on page 122 and assess
alt the projects. What are the good/bad things about
all three projects? Which of the guidelines' polnts
do/don't they meet?
6b You have a total of t.100,000 avaüable. In your
group, decide which projects you will fund. You
can suggest possible changes to the projects if that
means you might fund them.
6t Compare your decisions with other groups.
OTHER USEFUL PHRASES
VVhat do you think of rhis onc?
Wh.:it about thc other guidclincs?
What changes could thcy makci
Exactly. / lndccd. I Of coursc.
l'm not sure. / Possihly, bct ...
So, \\-hich sh,111 we support?
The envuonment 97
11'.4 STUDY ANO
STUDY SKILLS,
exploring reading texts

1 Here are sorne questions to ask yourself

when you meet a new text. They will help you
to understand lt better.
1 Where did thc texl appear!
(e.g. in a ncwspapcr, on a posten
2 Who wrotc it and who will rcad it?
3 When was il writtcn?
4 What i!i it aboutr
5 Why was it written?

2 Read the action group newsletter and

answer Lhe questions in Excrcise 1. Then
compare your ideas with a partner.
3a Below are sorne more questions you can
ask yourself aboul the letter. Answer them.
Asking about the quality oí information
1 In the firs1 two paragraphs. find cxarnplcs of
iníormation that is a) fact and b) opinion.
2 Is cvcrything in lhc lcucr true?
Asking about the reasons for something
3 How many reasons docs rhe writcr glvc whv
the arca is nota good loca1ion far an alrport¡
What are thcy? Which do you think is thc
most ímponautt 1 >car Residen t
Asking about what is missing
¡\..¡ }OU muy know. thc goverumcm wants to builcl four or Ilvc
4 Does thc lctter givc argumcnts for and against ncw airports in I hb l'Ol1tllry in rhc ncxt rwcuty ycars. Onc
thc ncw .iirporH posslble locutlon h, in our urcu. closc 10 rhc aumcttvc villagc
5 Only 5,000 pcoplc llve in thc Finchfield arca. of rtncbflcfd.
Why docsn't thc writcr mcntion this Iact in hts
lcHcr? i\s l1w.:al rcsldcnts. 11c do 1101 bcllcvc that thls ls a good
Asking about language locnuon for u ncw uirport. 11 is a qutcr nnd bcautlful part oí
thc couutrysídc. Also. nmny famifü-.: hm·c bccn livlng and
6 Wha1 is thc cffect of tho word 'ottrocttve',
worktng ln thc urca for a vcry long time. Thl'lr [hes muid lx•
which is used 10 describe the villagcf
turned upsldc-<town.
7 What do you think thc phtasc 'a vcrv long
time' rncans in paraw.tph 2: fivc ycars, twcnty Wc .iln·mly know lha\ thc majurlly of lol'al pcoplc are
ycars, 200 vears. somcthlng clsc¡ aguim,t thc plans. As a rt'Su 11. we are s,·11 ing UJJ an uclion
8 wh.u docs the phrasc 'thc majority oí J()(_JI gruu1, In ordcr lo light ;1gaim,t thc �ovcrmncnt's plan!i
pcoplo' mean in paragraph J: 51 %, t'.iOºo, for th!s alr¡xirt. Thc ílrs1 llll'Cllngoí our grnu¡, will he h1
75%, more? 1:1nd1ílcld \'111:igc llall on Tm·slh1y 5 �hty al 7.00 1>.1n.
\Ve hn1w ymr can jnin 11,; 1 lll'n. \ Vl' wlll dl'clclt• how m· c11n
3b Do you think the letter will have the effect be:,t orgunlsc our 1>rotest. Plcal>C lwlp u� 10 protoct our
that the writer wantst Why I Why not? Imagine cm ironmcnt 1111d way of Ufc for youn,dl'l'� nml for futurc
you live in the area. Will you go to the gl'lll'r.ll i<lll:S.
meeting?
BArc.lt!'J 5me, fnu rsf
Actin¡.: l'rc�ldcnt. Flnd1ílcld Action Croup

98 (ij§ji@II The environmcnt

 W R I T I N G S KI L L S
I W R I TI N G S K I L L S: a report
4 Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 \\'hendo p<'()plr ruten \\ rite rcports!
2 \\h, do 1hc" wrltc lhC'm�
3 H.1, e , ou rcad or \\ rüton anv reporte ren•ntl,?
5 Read the reporl below and choose the best tille.
1 Pl<in,; íor a llt_'\\ airport in Finc.hfield
2 Rcactlcnv lo plans tora OP\\ airport in Finchfleld
J Oppoeltton to pi.in,;; foro ncw airport in Fim hfidd
11
The aen of thls report rs to summarlse the findmgs of
a recent survey among local resrdents In the Finchfield
area of north Essex on plans to burld a new anport m
therr area. PSG Research was asked to carry out the
survey by a local ecuon group. The data was collected
by quesuonnswe and «uevrews wuh 500 local
resrdents between 9th and 17th September
11---
e
T he ma¡onty of local resldents !B2t) said that they
were agamst the ptans far the new aírport The mam
reason unennoned by 74'l) was that the,r area was
one of great natural beauty Another important reason
!ment,oned by 63'\:) was that many terrnltes had long
ccnnecnons wnf the area, someumes going back
hundreds ol years
D 11
A mmonry of res.dents 118\), on the other hand, fett
that a new arrport could bnng benefits to the area lt
could créete new ¡obs anda better transport system.
E
However, 96\ of all residents thought that one of the
government's other poss1ble locenons for the euport
was a better choice- th1s was the man made rsland off
the coast of Clamton
To sum up. there was a great deal of opposmon to the
plan for the new anpcrt There was an almost
universal feehng that the government should look for
an alternallve sne Because of the strong local feenng.
we believe that the government should consider
carefully thc othcr posstble locat!ons, befare they make
a decrsron
111• 4
6 Put these headings and sub-headings in thc
corred place A- F in the re port.
1 Concluvion
2 Argum<.'111<; ag.1in,;1 building thc atrport in Finchiidd
3 lntroduclion
.J An altt•rn,1tiH:- locatlon tor the atrport
5 \rgunwnh íor building !he .1irpor1 in rinchiiPld
6 Finding.,
7 a look at the questions in Excrcise 1 again. How
many of thcm can you answer about the report?
7b Write two or thrcc qucslions you can ask
yourse\f about the report. Use the questions in
Exercise Ja to help you.
t-; ttw mform.1lion /rm•?
8 look back al the cssay on page 47. Whal is the
main differencc bctwecn a report and an essay?
9a Match these phrases 1-6 with a-f below.
1 The ,1im oí !hi,; rcport i!. to ...
2 Thc d,11.1 \\,1<; Lolk'ltl'cl h\
3 The m.1joril\ ... s,1id th.11 ...
4 Toe m.1in r<.\1<.on .•. \\.1<. 1h,1t ...
5 A minonl� ... lch 1ha1 .
6 T11 .-.um up, tht·rc ,,,1.-. .
a thc> opinion nt mo,;;f JX'OplP
b1 thL• opinton oí .1 ,;n1,1tl numlX'r oi peopk•
l \\h, tlw rti>ort ,,. ,l.,,, rit11..·n
1,.
ci1 J <;Unlrll.11'\ 01 till' rt•porl
('• hm, th(' mlormation \\,U, oht,1ined
\\l1\ IX'Opk• h,1d p,ul1lular \iC\,.,
9b In paragraphs C, O and E oí thc report, which
íour verbs are used lo rcport the opinions of thc
local residentsf
1 O Vou work for an indcpcndcnt n1arkel rescarch
company. The governmenl wanls lo build a ncw
terminal al a major airport. Vou have carried out a
survey and found out whal local peo¡>le think about
thc idea. Write )'OUr rc¡>orl. Use the inforrnation on
page 12.J and your own ideas.
The en .. 1ronment IIOIH 99
 Sport
12.1 MINORITY SPORTS

�
1

R11nning's lilrc breatl,ins. lt's samcthing /ha/ comes N:!ally nJturdlly.

Cathy Freeman, 1973-, Auslralian 400 mctrc Olympic champi

VOCABULARY AND
Dcar Prime Minbtcr
1 S PE A K IN G: sports
For thc lasr fcw wccks. J havc bcen Lrawlling :uouml the
coumry. talklng tn roun¡.: pcoprc ub.uu minrniiy sports.
1a Discuss these qucstions in small groups.
'rhe youngsrers that I rnet ,, ere cloing a ,, tdc v:triL'tY of
1 \Vha!'s !h(• rnost popuiar sport in ,our tounfn minorit} sports (t.:.)t. fcuctng. judo, arrhcry) :tnd thq
,1110 ,,,,tl h and bl to pl.1,? e ere nll cruhuslastk- ami dccücued. l towcvvr, thcy \\1.:n.·
2 1 low popular ore thc <;pnrl<, lx-low in vour countrvi .11.<.o ,:t(I, di-appointcd and :mp.i) about thc 1.Kk 11f m1...'ili.1
rmcrc-a in thcrr �1111rt:., ami nlso about pc:i, ir racttn li.:, :111d
g, rnnasttcs anhcrv badrnintou n tlin�
fundin¡.:. All ovcr thc coumrv. 1 hl.':1111 rhe s.tmc commcm:
fcruing tablo tcnnts dragon boat r,H ing 'If wc had more Iundtng. we would do f'L':.t!l} wcll in
hod,t') judn footba!l sailing lntcmatlonnl compcrh lons.'
ne)\\ rime for rhe <'0111,1ry ro ,how that it
I hclu:.". \'l.' lt 1:,,
3 Which ni thc sports do vou considcr rninorit\ i, tru!) c..·ommittt.'<.I to minorit� sponv. 'xc oced proocr
�por1.,? govcrumcnt Invcsimcm in facilitie, ami tratning. \XL'
af-,o nccd :1 syrnpnhetk 1111..'<.Jl:1 1h:11 tell... ymm¡.: pcoplc
1b Which vcrbs are used with these sports: do, go
atxnn les, wctl-known -pons in order Lo dcvclop thcir
or play?
tmcro-r.
1e How much do you know about sorne of these !.et":,, gívc rhc young people of thb counrry :1 11;.':11 chance
sports? Do the quiz on pagc 124 with a partner. ro Improvc thdr ñmcss. :-.h(}\\ thctr r.rlcnc, and achtcve
wccc-,
I READING I ,11ur. :.inccrdy
.\ficbaela sarirtn
2a Read this lettcr that appcarecl in a national 'xorkl Dra¡.:on 13c:xtt Champion
newspaper. What is the purpose of the le!ler?

100 C,J§iflij Sport

----�-
2b Find the following things in the text.
1 .:i lis! 01 minortr, sports
2 a reason whv the media should report minorit)
sports
3 probtems taced b, peoplc ,, ho do minorit, sports
4 \ oung pcople's fcclings abour doing their sports
5 iniorrn,1tion about thc ,wi!er's recen! actlvitics
6 J. sntcrncnt about ,,hat offici.1l actlon is rcqulrcd
I LISTENING I 1 Do thc sentcuccs describe real or unrcal sttuations!
3a fl1J Listen to lhis excerpt from a current affairs
TV programme. There are three guests: the Minister
for Sport, a journalist andan actress. Answer these
qucstions.
1 \Vhat time of dt1, is this prograrnme broadcast!
2 How m,1m cmai!s does thc presente- rcad out?
3 Do thc gucsts agrcc or dtsagrcc with thc cmails?
3b listen again and tick (.1) the ideas menlioned in
the programrne.
1 The gO\ cmrnent has spent a lot oí mane, on
rninontv sports rcccntlj.
2 British spor1smcn ,md worncn havc becn suc.cessíul
in sorne minorih sports.
3 Thcre are a lot oí artk.lcs about judo in thc
newspapcrs.
-1 The TV prcgrammc Cr.1nd,ta11d introduccd pecplc
to mtnoritv sports.
5 Ibcre "ilJ he more minorih sports on TV durins
the 2011 Olympics.
6 Th(' 1\linistcr ior Sport ,,ants children to do Íi\e
hours ui sport a \\ cck at schooL
7 Thc m;i¡orit} of t.hildren cannot do miln) difieren!
sports al school.
3c Are these statements true for your country?
Compare with a partner.
1 Chi!dren pl.1, m.my difforcnt sports .tt school.
2 Thc govcmment supports minoritv sports and sports
plavcrv.
3 M� rutfonal sports tcarns are onen succcssful.
-1 wc can SC!' a 11 idc rangc oí sporr" on rrlr, ision.
\
I GR A MM AR: second conditional
4 Look at these sentences and answer the
questions below.
di lí \\L' had more iunding, we woold do rcalh 11c!I in
intcrnauonal compcütíons.
bl lf thc mcd¡o showcd more intcrcst in othcr sports,
kids would want to tr. them.
t. l lí thov had rnore opportunities. thcv wouldn't be
so unhcalthc.
2 In thc if·d,1u<;e, which tense do we use a!lcr ií?
Does üus refcr to past time?
3 In thc main clausc, which forrn ni thc vcrh íutlo\\<;
uould?
• Language rererence eod ecua pracuce. pages 1-18-149
5 Correct the mtstnkes in these sentences.
1 li l kncw thc answcr. l would to tell vou.
2 \\lould sbc increascd laxes ií shc \\as th<' Prime
Minislcr?
3 li 1ou havc thc po\1cr to ch.mgc one thing in thc
,,orld, what 11ould il be•?
4 The> would didn'l go s..1iling if tht.•\ didn'l lil..c it.
5 1 \,ouldn't lcncl hirn Jm monc\ if I don'I tru�I him.
GRAMMAR TIP
We e.in use might instead oí woufc/. Alight is lcss
ccrtain than \VOUfd.
I SPEAKING
6 Work in small groups. Ask each other these
questions and discuss lhe unusual situations.
\\'h,11 ,,ould \OU do ir ...
1 \OU 1,1inl ,1 million do11ars?
2 \OU !mCC'll \OUT favourilt• íilm st;ir?
3 a str.1nger 1stopl ,ou in the strccl ,md 1ask11uu
for mane,?
-1 }OU urgcntl) 1nCC'dt 550?
5 \OU thearl somt•onc mO\ing about in �our housc.•
IJtC' ;it night?
1'2- '.2 BIG SPORT, BIG BUSINESS
I SPEAKING
1 What do you know aboul the FIFA Football
World Cup? Oiscuss these questions wilh a
partncr.
1 Wh¡c h ( oun1ries do tho fanv in thc photos
A D �uppor1?
2 Cm vou nante ílíl) wtnncrs and ho.-.1<. ot thc
\ Vorld Cup?
3 How popular is 1hC' World Cup in \OUr
< oururv with borh nu-n and womon!
I READING I fcmulc fans.'
2a Read this magazine article and choose the
bes! tille.
1 Mcn 1 : \ Vonwn O
2 Comp.mlcs spcnd hillions nn \\orld Cup .u!<.
3 Advcrtíscrs forgl'! fcmolc f,m.,
4 Record nurnher-, <if womcn watc h \.Vorlrl Cup
2b According to thc text, are these sentences
true or false?
1 M,111) womcn havc bccn \\,ll<.hing footh,111 íor
111,111) \{',\í',,
2 i\l<.•n are thc t.:irgc1 ,lLKlwmt' of ,ld\l.'í\i<.<.'r"
during thc World Cup.
3 More rh.tn h,1lf thc l:;ngli"h .iudicncc w,,..,
Íl'm,11l• during thc Swcdcu g,1111t•.
4 Thc .1ch N1 i�ing {.'Xl'(UIÍ\ t- 1 hlnks thcrc .. 1H1u Id
be more .1d\('rl<, airncd .11 \\omt•n.
5 An clrtlno oúcrcd cpcc¡a! trlps to 1hC' \'Vorld Cup
tor womou.
6 Comp,inil'� did 1101 �pend ,1 Jw oí rncru'v on
•rdverti .. ing during this \Vorld Cup.
7 Adid,,� bclfove, 1h,1l it didn't 111,11..c• .1 rni'>l,11..t•
w.th Its .1cher!i�ing.
8 \Vom,•n 01tt'n stop \\,11( hing during thc
ad, cnt-cnu-nt-;
2c Find wcrds in the text that mean:
1 thc pl,1u•<, whcn- ,l football match is lwld
(p.ir,igr,1ph 1 l
2 more th.tn }()",, ní ,l group, 1 ,md ..!)
3 ,l th,lll(t' to do v.mcthing 11\
4 in t'\l'r� p.1rt oí thc world 14J
5 u�u,,11} do or ht• -.0111C'thi11g tíl
102 i'J§ll@fl Sport
This ycar. fcmalc football fans me cvcrywhcrc. You can St.'C
thcm in thc stadiums, you rnn see thcm nt thc big screen
cvcms ami you can probahly scc thcm in fronl of your
own tclcvbion. llowcvcr. dcspuc thc rcccnt íucrease in thc
numbcr of womcn watchlng thc World Cup. thc majority of
thc advcntscmcms during 1 he gumes are aimcd al mcn.
This ycar; nearly 50 pcr cent of the toumumcru's
audfcncc busbcen fcmulc. In South Korca, íl fcnmlcmajority
of:; 1 por cent watched thcirmatch against Togo. In l'ngluud.
-17 pcr cent of thc audicnc'l' was fcmalc during thc nmtd1
againsl Swcdcn. '\\lc'vc ccrtainly 111isscd an opportunity:
"aid ,m advcrtlsing cxcrnlivc. "l'hl•rc havc lx..'t·n loo many
advcns for rnc11 ami there havcn'1 lx'Cn cnough advcrts for
'l'hcrc hm'C hccn somc ;1dvcrts tlwt tuwc lx'Cn .iimed al
wumcn. l lowcvcr. thcM: advcrts ha\'c S<.'Cll womcn 1101 us
fans. but as pt'ílplc who dislikc thc giltl\C. J'or cx111nplc. onc
uirlinc has bt.'C11 offcring womcn-only holiday trlp!> to LSCapc
thc \\'orld Cup.
3 Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 Do ynu 1hink 1h,1! the ,ld\C'rliser<. misscd .111 opportunit�
or do )nU agrt>t• \\i1h Adid.1�?
2 l)o )Oll think that ,,onwn ,lrt' t.isu;il w.itchcr<. of �por\ or
do you .igrc(' wi1h Se,1n Gahb?
3 \Vhn do \OLI think w,Hches mo1c sport, mt•n or ,,,ornen?
\Vhy?
I GRAMMAR: too and enough
4a look at thesc scntcnccs. Which three describe a
problem or mistakc?
1 Thcrc h,1w bl't'll too many achl'r1� for mt•n.
2 Tht'{Vl' '>pt•nt too much morlt') on tlw m,1lc 1,111� .
3 Comp,111il'' havp '>JWn1 enough mon(') on ,1d\Pr1i�inµ.
-1 Tiwrc• h,1\t' not 1)('{•11 enough .id\t•rt., lor Ít'rn,ilt• 1,1n�.
4b Which of the phrases in bold above mean:
1 yrn1 h,lVt' 1hc riAht .1rnnunt of �nrllt'lhing!
2 \ ou nel'd rnort• of soml'thing?
3 rnu 111.•cd fowt'r lhing!-?
4 ,iiu nC't:•d les� of �onwlhing!
4c We can also use tuo and cnoush wilh adjcctives. Find
the lwo cxarnplcs in !he text.
4d Choosc the corree! word to complete these
gramrnar notes.
Too umll'S h1•fon, / .iftw noun� .incl /x,for(• ,lflt•r ,1djt'llÍ\t'�.
I mwHh come� /)1•forP ,1(/C'r noun� ,1nd IJl'frm, ,ilit>r
,ldjct I iVl''•
._. LJn¡;u,lg(' rcít'rt'nl(' ancl e1olra prallm•, p.:i�l'� 1-18-1-11)
 BIG SPORT, BIG BUSINESS 12'..2
"l'hc udvcruscrs havcn't
Thcy've bccn 100
bcen clcver cnougb.
nucrcstcd in womcn who lmtc
football ami they'vc forµottcn nbout those who Ion,
thc gamc.' said Sean Gabb. a bustm..'SS lccturcr and
-
author. 'Companícs havc spcnl cnough moncy on
udvcrustng. ncarly L 1 billion worldwtdc. but thtJ \1:
spcru 100 much rnoncy on thc nmlc ínns and not
cnough on thc fcnmlc fans.'
l lowcvcr, sume compnntcs think thcy haw bccu
clcvcr. Ad ldus huvc said that. us this is thc malc World
Cup. it makcs scnsc to focus on advcrusmg tomen.
Thcy pl;m lo foc11s mi fcmalc prodiu:1.� durl11� nexl
year's womcn's World Cup in China. Othcr pcople
huvc notcd thal wmncn tcnd to be more cnsuul
wutchcrs of 'J'\I sport thun mcn, so lr is difficuh to
kccp thclr ancnuon during thc udvcrts. Howcvcr.
as Sean Gabb suid. 'Pcrhups thts is bccausc thcy
don't wam to wastc thcir lime watching udvcns for
:.hm inµ prcducts und car tyres.'

-
5 Put the words in italics in order. Are the sentenccs
true íor you and your country? Tell your partner.
1 t•nouµh irt'<' time h,n•(' during lhl' wcck.
2 h,ll(' 100 honwwor/. . rnuch cach ,,l'C'I...
3 f'Mll clon ºt mont'\ 1•m>u�h lo li\l' ,1
cornfortablc llfc.
4 Thc ,lrt:' ho�e� too ,md tr,lin, e ron ded
in thc ruch hnur.
5 Cinl'rll.l c,¡x•11,i\l' tic/..t•f, 100 ,lr<• in mv
tm, n.

•
6 Therc enou�h ,porh ,lf('fl '1 far ihltt:>, in mv
loc.il arca.
7 M} 11.1/ion.1/ wxxl footh,11/ /(•am ,,
('/1011¡.¡h 10 win thc V\'nrld Cup.
8 Thcrc 100 ;, -pon mue h on TV.

I SPEAKING I 6b Compare your ideas with a partnor and decide

how things could be diffcrenl.
6a Think about somc of these issues. Whal is the f thm/... �oun,; chifdrm don 't pf,n cnough �¡x,r/. /{ u t' h,,d
curren! situation in your country? Is there too much mon• ,port, IJc ilttie,, //11' < h,fclrt'n 11 oukf J-,,.. /w.1fth1t'f.
or too nute oí somelhing? Do people do loo much
or not enough of something?
Football: moncv. TV, cornpctitions. p1J)Cr� I WRITING I
Sport ,rnd hoahh: adultvchildrcn
Sv lmming pcolv and ,port,; fat.ili1ic,;,
7 Write two paragraphs about one oí the issues
that )'Oll discusscd. Describe the situation and the
Sport on TV solutions you suggested.
Sporl l!i§HIQ 103
 I SITUATION

2a Look at the advert for Sport In Mind below and

answer these questions.
1 Wha! scrvicc docs thls cornpanj 01Íl'r?
2 V\lho are its dlffcrcnt I\JW'> oi clicnt?
3 Do pcoplc think about this .,�pC'CI of cport in vour
country? Can you «tudv thls at unil cr!.1\1?

PREPARATION

1 a Make a list of the sports you have played in your

life. Pul them in order of enjoyment. Compare vour
list with a partner.

1 b Match the differenl personality types in lhe box

with the descriptions below.
cornpctitive rtsk-sccking sccfable
non-compet rtivc L,l uticus/carofu I As a professlOflal sportsperson, you tram your body
sclf-suffic icn! ti ndividual isticl
to wm. but do you tram your mlnd to be a wmner'?
·1 1 llkc meeting pcoplc ,md being part ni .1 tcam.
As a sports coach. you llam your athlefes 10 w,n but
do you understand th8 psychoJogy ot a wmner?
2 l porform bcttcr whcn l challenge somconc.
As a sports /ove,, you exerc1se and stay ht but do you
3 1 like 10 work on mv own, or solee problems
play sports that sult your personal1ty?
b) rm sclf.
4 1 ltkc ,1 linle danger and precsure.
5 [njo\ mcnt. not wirrning. motivatos me. ou, psychol<J9ists work cfosely w1th you and, through
6 1 avoid risl..s-1 alw,wi. rlrlvo ,;lcl\\ 1,. sc,entJfic research and psycholog1cal ana/ysls, they take
you to greater sportmo success
1 e Which of these personalily types would or
wouldn't suit the different sports in the photos? a« aMH In sport, ,., SfJ(ll1 !tt Mi!NI
Which ones match the sport you have played?
www.1,artinnund.� fnfl@Sportlnmlnd c,m

·,l , '
, l Explain your reasons.
A conuxntüve per,CJnalit1 11oulcln'1 \tJil \0.ctJ bccou-e

�·· :\:�;::;:; , :::� ,�;nr, m ,og,,

5
 Sports psychology 12 !._3 1

Dr Sophia Mannit is a sports psychologist with pronunciation

Sporl In Mind. She uses a questionnaire to analyse
someone's personality and suggesl suitable sports. Sa flm 1ntona1ion in lists Listen to this question.
How are the letters al the beginning of each option
2b flD listen to her interview with Alex. Which of (A-C) in the list pronounced? Choose the best
these situations do they discuss and in what urder? intonation patlern.
a) c.hoosing a holiday O lf vou coutd buy any car )OU wantcd, ,,ou\d )Oll
buy ...
bJ playing sport \\ ith J friend O
Al ,1 fast sports car. llkc a Ferrari?
el buying J car D
131 a ctass!c car, like el Rol Is Roycc?
di dclng an cx.uutnatíon O
C) a rcltablc car, likc .:t Honda?
2c listen again and answer these questions.
1 rtsc. f.lll. risc 2 f,111, fati, nsc 3 riso, rlse, f.ill
1 Whkh answcr A-C does Alcx choosc íor each
qucstion? Sb Listen again and repeat.
2 Whi<.h sports does Dr Mannit rccornmcnd!

3a In the questionnaire, the three questions (1-3) I TAS K: doing a survey j

are related to different personality types. Match the
questions to the personality types. 6a Work with a partner. Prepare a short
questionnaire about personality. The questionnaire
1 Oucstton 1 al how rlsk-taklng
should be in three sections:
is rclated to--...,_ )Oll are.
Scction 1: Sodablc or tndividualistic!
2 Oucsuon 2 '- hl how sociable
is rolatcd lo }'OU are. Scctlon 2: Competitlvc or Non-competltlcrv

3 Question 3 el how corupetnive Scction J: Risk-tah.ing or Ciutinus?

is rclated to you are. Think of one or two qucstions for each section.
Make sure you grade lhe answers far each question
3b In each question. the answers are graded (e.g. A= very competitive, B = quite
1101 al alf). Look at Track 2.34 on
(i.c. very, c¡uire, competitive, C • non-cornpetitive).
page 164. What does each answer mean (e.g. very Use the situations in the box to help
sociable, quite sociable, or individualistic)? you prepare your questions.

choosi ng ,1 hol ida)

KEY LANGUAGE:
conversation fillers making ,l Lompl,,int
choosing a job
4a EID listen and complete Alex's answers to the finding sorne monev
questions. spending monc>
1 wou. 1h,11\ .i ene. J have studicd on m} m, n doing ,in c,amin.1tion
íor cxarns bcforc h.ivmg ,l party
2 Right ... crm. (et me , l think l'd do R. giving .i t,ilh.
3 l tmrn. le! me , well. to be , l'd buv playing a sport or g.imc
,1 Pcrrari. sa, ing monc\
we can use this language when we are thinking c.hoosing ,1 hobh�
about an answer lo a question.

4b Work with a partner. Ask and answer these

questions. Use fillers when you answer. How long
can you 'think' for?
1 Do you think th.it vour country should host thc
Oh mpit Ganws?
2 \Vho is your Ievouritc sports pl,1yer?
3 Wha1 great sporting momcnts can you remember? 6b lnterview other students in the dass.
4 \\lhich sports should evcrv young pcrson lcarn Then tell your partner about the interviews.
to pla\?
5 Do v ou 1hink that sorne sports pcoplc are paid
too muc.h?

105
12).4 STUDY ANO
I STU DY SKI LLS: doing exams 3a In addition to revising, il is importan! to look
after your health al exam lime. How much do you
know aboul heaüh and exams? Do lhis quiz with
your partner.

Health and Exams

a Eaüng _ before you go to bed can reduce
stress and help you sleep,
a) an egg b) a banana e) chocolale
B _ increases the o.KY9en in your brain and
encourages positive thinking.
a) Shouting b) Yawning e) laughing
El Put _ oil on your pillow to help you sleep.
a) lavender b) peppennint e) rosemary
a_ produces new brain cells and improves
memory and leaming.
a) Orinking water b) Doing exercise
1 Talk ahout your experiences oí exarns in small e) Watching TV
groups. What was your best/worst experience? Whyl B Eat more _ because stress destroys vitamin C.
a) pasta and rice b) meat
2a flD You are going to listen to a lecturer giving e) fruit and vegetables
studenls advice about an English exarn. Which oí
these pleces of advice do you think she witl give? IJ Eat more _ because they increase brain power
listen and check. and concentraüon.
a) oily fish b) blueberries c) tomatoes
1 Do lors and lots of practico tesis. Tho more, rhe
bcucr,
2 Re Iresh on I he d,1).
3 Don'! be tare for rhe cxam. 3b Check your answers on page 111. Can you think
4 Thc most importan! thing to do in lhc cxam is to of any other similar advice?
use corree! English.
4a 11!:1 Listen to these interviews with four
5 lf ycu don't know thc enswer to ,1 multiple-cbokc students after an exam. Match each sludenl 1--1
quostion, don'I writc ,mything - le,we it blank. with the problems that they had or mistakcs that
6 Whcn )'OU do a plccc oí writing. do a draft nnd they made.
rhcn makc ,1 final copy. a) didn't plan a plccc of writing
7 Don't spend loo long on onc qucsticn. h) clidn't havo cnough ideas for onc qucstlon
8 lf diUionari� are allowcd. use thcm as muchas e) ran out of time and couldn'I finish ,, qucstion
you cau.
di c.ouldn't rcmcmbcr cnough
2b Can you rcmcmber any oí the reasons she gave
4b listen again and note the solutions you hear
for the advice above? listen again and make notes.
to the problems and mistakes above. Have you had
problems like these when doing an exam?
2c Can you think of any more advice aboul
doing exams? Think about food and drink, dothes, 5 Oiscuss these questions with your partner.
handwriling, checking your answers, relaxing.
1 Are you going 10 do ,ln) cxorns in the near futurc?
2 Which four plcccs oí advicc from this lcsson might
be uscful for you?
3 Which oí the things discusscd in this lesson do you
usually do an)'\,ay?

106 Hl§hlfJ Sport

 W R I TI N G SKI L L S
I WRITING SKILLS: aformalemail
6 Work in small groups. Have you ever done an
English course in an English-speaking country? Talk
about your experiences and ideas. lf you haven't
done a course, would you like to? Why / Why not?
7 Imagine you are going to do a summer course
callcd 'English with Sport' in Belfas!, in Northern
lrcland. Write about six questions you would like to
ask about the course and school.
I frm m,111) hour, .:i 11 C'C'f... ,vil/ J ,tud) !
1� tll!' ,, /Joo/ big or ,mal/?
8 Read Pepa's ernail about the ccurse. Are any of
her questions the same as yours in Exercise 7?
Dear Sir or Madam
-
I would like to do a course in 'Enqlieh with Sport' lhis
summer. 1 am interested in visiting Northem lreland
and your coJlege seems ideal far me. 1 have found a
lot of the information I nood from your website. but I
still have sorne questions Would you mind answering
them for me, please?
First of a\l, lf I stayed for four weeks, how many
teachers would I have? Are there any exams al the
end of the course? Could you tell me if I wrll gel a
certJficate from the college when l leave?
Conceming !he sports. 1 am especially lnterested In
horse riding. Can I do thls every aftemoon and does
the cost lnclude everything? Also. rs tenme available in
the evening?
As I mentioned. l'm very keen on comlng to Belfas!
and I would hke to llve with a local family. However,
what would happen 1f I was not happy with the
family? Would I be able to changa accommodation?
I hope you can answer my questions.
l look forward to heanng from you.
Best wishes
Pepa Martinez Unamuno (Miss)
.J
12'.4
9 Register Answcr thesc qucstions about thc tcxt.
1 f"incl ex.imples 01 Ianguagc that show that this cnu¡l
i� polnc and/or tormal. c.g. ((mu•min,: //)(' \porb.
2 lonual writing is wcll organiscd. What is tho ma¡n
1opic of each p,1r,1gr.1ph?
3 Comparo !hi" cma¡l \\ lth tho informa! cmall in Unn
..¡ IC'""ºn -1, pagt• 1'). \\lhat differl'nc C''i tan vou tind?
1 O Punclualion Study the way commas are uscd
in the cmail. Thcn pul commas in suitablc places in
these sentences.
1 Would vou mind o.('m\inR me sorno infmm,11\on
about Ihc accommodation plt•,1sc!
2 lf 1 (..Jllll' l',1rlier in thc surnrucr would thc <.OLJí'i('
he chc,ip<.·r�
J lomerning thc cvcning actlv iti('" \\ ill our tcachcrs
come wrth LJ<;?
4 A<; 1 mcntíoned in nw la,;t ornad mv lovc! ni 1::nglio.h
is qulu- good.
5 1 íowevcr 1 snll have prohlern-, undcrst.mdlng n.uívo
"Pl',1 kors.
11 a Work with a partncr. Imagine you want to go
to New York to do an English course. Look al this
advcrt and write a formal email to the academy,
asking some questions aboul !he course, school, etc.
Use the email in Exercise 8 to hetp you.
Leam Euglisb in t/Je heart of the
Bi!{ App/e - the city that 11ever sleeps.
General F..ngli,h das,cs, :ill lc,cl,, all nationalitic:..
!,mall class si,es g11ar.mtet!d.
Am.1zinµ modcrn focilitics- all ) ou nccd to study.
Spcci.1l .1ftcrnoon option� incluUe:
Bmincs) F.nµlish, film·m,1kinµ, team sport�.
Americ.111 mu,ic.1ls.
full progr:immt• uf :.ocial ,Ktivitit·s.
Weekend trips av.1il:iblc.
Accomrnodarion sen ice :1vail:ihle.
11 b Swap cmails wilh anothcr pair and writc an
answer to their email.
/)tM
-»Á11k ,�o� fo\' ,L-\º�' tm�d AK..I tll"\!.Al1��
Sport lf)§jjifJ 107
 REVIEW
I GRAMMAR
Annual Alean Dragon
1 look al the photo and read the text quickly.
What is dragan boa! radng? Boat Festival
2 Complete the text with the present
Vancouver, Canada
continuous (future meaning), present perfect
continuous or past simple passlve of the verbs. This year's Dragon Boat

Festival , (take place)

3a mm Listen to two people talking about on 16 and 17 June and over
the Vancouver Dragan Boat Festival. Are they
180 teams from around the
both going to the festival this year?
world 2 (compete).
3b Match the parts of the sentences from the
conversation. Then listen again and check.
1 lt's !oo (.ir People trace: dragan boats for cver 2/XlO years. They
2 \Vc'rc lea\ ing e.uh and stopping began in south central China and the boau were colour J anrl
decorated w.th a dragon's head et the front. They "'-- (mal,..e)
3 \ \'e havcn'r got
of three uee tnmks. which were tied together. The boets carne in
-1 Scvcml bauds are
ali s1zes. They � lrowl byupto 50men and theancient reces

5 lf wc wcnt this vcar, could be extremely compeuuve and aggressive

6 Jf we 1.:i1111pcd.
Modern dragon boer racing began in 197ó wrth the f1r<,t H1mg
7 \Vhv don'! 1 find Kong lnternational t Races.and the 1merna11onal Dragan Boat

8 Havc vou gol cnough Federation f. tset up) m 1991. Smce then. tbe nurnber ot

.11 cnough sp,uc muncv at thc momcnt. dragon boat festivais worldwide '-- urcreaser and interest
'-- (go upl steadily each year. The first race-s .)Ut5Jde '>l Jtr-
bJ time íor that?
east Asia 1 íhold) m Canada. at the 1986 V;mcou,,.er Wor!d
e) wc'd havo to be vel) carcful with moncv. Fair and they 1
(take place) regutarly smce 1hen. Racmg

d\ for ,1 weekend.
el out about sorne carnpsites in thc ,Hca�
fl off tu scc mv parents on thc \\.l\.
g) thcn \\l.' c.:ould take our oc n food. too.
In coming from south-east As¡o.
now tends to be in colourful boats made from wood wi1h about
twenty rowers anda drummer at the 1ront who ,;pf� thP f)MP &or
the row1ng. Of course 1t's no longer agg•essi'Je. bu! •'s great fun
far al the family!

4 There are grammatical mistakes in seven of

these sentences. Correct them.
I VOCABULARY

1 Thc ambassodor is amvc ,11 ten tomorrow

morning.
5 Complete the newspaper advert about recycling
facilities in a small town with the words in the box.
2 Googlc, thc Internet scorch cngine, e as
íoundcd in llJ95. aluminium box<.-s cans cardboard
3 Ehzabeth Kostova's first book published tasi cartons glass jars packcts plastic pols
vcar.
4 This supcrmarkct has using paper bcgs for
VCM:..
RECYCLING FACILITIES IN KNARESFIELO
The followtng fao1ities are available fer household recyding. Please recyde
5 \\le nccd lo cut thc rubbish wc produce.
onty between the hours of 9.00 a.m and 8.00 p.m.
6 How much do vou throw .l\\.l) ami how Poplar Lane car park: 1 and plastic
much do vou rcqclc? Facilities here fer botdes and i , and dnnking glasses; a!so al
7 li kids watchcd less T\� thcv mlght be fitter. household '--, e.g. water bonles,. yoghurt 4 and plaste bags.
8 The sports centre would be more popular if Community centre: Paper and 5
 it tcacbes gynmastics. Kitchen waste such as juice 6 , cereal 1 • ,gg

9 Thcre are too rnuch advcrts íor junk food '-- , also newspapers and magazmes and unwanted boo(S.
on TV. Cinema car park: Metal
10 1\,1\ son isn't cnough good íor thc schocl AII types of lf\eta!, induding 9 , e.g. soft drrnk 10 .
fcotball tcarn.

108 REVIEW 10-12

 UNITS 10-12
6 Find nine words for pcople and groups in 8 Work with a partner. You are going lo arrange a
organisations. Use the dues to help you. meeting.
Student A: 'tou are thc studcnt from Exorcisc 7a. Look
-e t words ..l,Jwords 1'1wnrd zt word : : .11\,ord
et , our timctablc on pagc 11 O.
e o M M 1 T T E E X o s Student B: You are A's fricnd. Look al vour tlmctablc
F 1 N 1 1 K N s Q u I' T on pagc 115.
,, N L R D o L D
1
o M
V
A
" ' Use the dialogue in Exercise 7b to help you.

1 11 D K s E
E íl \V
s "
L V 1
M

E 1
I'
A G p I LANGUAGE CHECK I
R A z T F s s T A F F A
9 lwo words in each sentence are in the wrong
1 s D [ e p E s y 11 o R order. Corree! thern. Then look al lhe pages and
p s F R E 1 R R T G H T check your answers.

H
s
A

1)
X
s
R
z H
s •1 p

V
N
p
V
1
l.
A
M

D
M

F
1 My unclc is ,l scrvant uvil in thc pub!ic transpon
dcpartmcm. (page 85)
2 Plans announced werc lo set up ,1 ncw
1 o o e G u 7 R govcmmcnt dcpanmcnt. tpagc 871
N R
Q
y A s s 1 s
'
T A
N
N
N
T 3 The ncw stadlurn is 1\\0 onl> minutes from thc
undcrground. ip,lg<' 88)

I KEY LANGUAGE
4 He has wrifing heen soap operas for thc last ten
ycars. (p,1ge g_1)
5 You can r('{.)<.IC' thosc books. Don'1 thro\\ ,1\\.1\
7 a IIIIJListen to a student talking to her tutor.
lhem. íp,1gc 9r;¡
What day and time do they agree lo meet?
6 Thcv d1dn't listcn ver\ carcíullv, thc}' rlid?
7b Complete the conversation between the lpage 971
studenl and tutor with phrases a-b. Then listen 7 lí h,1d thc\ the maní'}', the) 'd .;cnd him to a sports
again and check your answers. .1(.iclcnw. (p,1gc 1 O 11
al wukl )OLI dl jo; it ¡:;1 to 1t•II thc truth 8 \Vc'vc spcn1 much too mont.'\ on ,ow bir1hd.1y.
hl dfdn't vou el I et me «x- hJ Wcll (p,1ge t 021
< 1 are vou fl onl} 9 She i,;n't cnough t,1lcntcd to he an actor. (p,1ge 1021

T: 'iou wautcd ,1 meeting ncxt weck abom your projcct,

10 Th,1t's ,1 une difficul1. 1 rc,,11} don'1 knm, 1lw
1 ? ,lnS\\'t'í. 1pag(' 1 O'il

�: That's right.
r: OK. lct',;; lr. to ,1rr,mgc one. 2 ••. 1 c.111 do I LOOK BACK I
Tuf"-(l,1) al r 1 .OO.

<.: Frm, l'm in lccturc-, .111 ci,1) 'lucsday. l'm afrald. \'\'hat 1O Find Lhe exercise in Units 10-12 where you:
about Wt.'ffnC<,da\ at lJ.00? • !,1lk ,1hou1 thc Unitcd Nation�. tUni! 1m
r: 'º·
l'm 1101 pl.mning to come in !ill 11.00 on
• read about thc dcvl.'lnpment of r\.licrnsoft. (Unit I Ol
WC'dncsd;:i). You couldn'r do .;fr.iight aftcr hmch,
• wurk cm pred1Lting \Oc.1bul,1ry wlwn li�tL•ning.
'-- , S..)\' 2.00?

�= i , l could, but lor > l1<1lí ,Hl hour. l'rn

!Unit 101
golng 10 thc dontist at 2. W. • lc,,rn \\Ord� for c.nnt,1iners ;ind nMlNial5. (Unit 111

r: l thlnk wc'H 11('('(! more th,m haf ,111 hour, obout an
hour. l'd sav. l'rn free ali d,1\ Frid,1\.
,: r\lmm, l'm taking thc J0.30 train home on Pridav. tor
thc weekend. reine i.;n't too e,,rl), h ?
1: \VC'I!, --- , }e-;, lt takes me ovcr an hour to gct
hcrc. You arcn't bu") on Tlurrsdav aúcrnoon,
,: /\.<,, well. no! unlil 4.00.
1: \WI L \-..h,1t ;:ilXRII I.OCJ on Thursday then?
,: Ve-;, th,1t',; Ilnc. thanks.
• listen tn ,1 íunding committ<"l' disrnssing ,, projC'ct.
1Uni111¡
• write a report abou1 ,1 building propos,11. tUni1 ·111
• le¡¡rn hm\ to t.1lk ,1hout unrc,1J �itu,1tions. (Unit 121
• m1d ,1bout hig hu.;inN<; in ,;port. (lJnit 1.!)
R I
• carry out a survey ,1bou! personality. (Unit 121
Rl \'lfW I0-1.!
109
'

'
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 1.2 Exercise 6 (page 9) Lesson 9.3 Exercise 7a (page 79)
Sludent 8
1 You are a sales representative for Guangdong
Digital. Read your company information below.

• You are sclling a ncw digital camera, Modcl DCJ,

that costs S 100.
• You wanl to get sorne big orders for thls new
procluct - up to 2,000.
• You can offcr discounts - up lo 20%.
• Longcr dclivery times are bettcr for your company
- up lo cight wocks.

2 Before you bcgin the negotiation, look back at

the lesson on pages 78 and 79 and choose more
phrases for the box below.

USEFUL PHRASES
what's thc pricc per ilcm? That's a dcal!

3 Now have lhe meeting with Route One and

negotiate a deal.

Lesson 11.2 Exercise la (page 94)

The photo shows the packaging waste for a British
family in one month (20kg).

Check vcur answers on page 112.

Review Units 10-12 Exercise 8 (page 109)

Student A
Yuu wanl lu arrangt! lo meet Student B next week for coñee. Use thb nmetable lo try tu lind d ñme that !!iuib
you both. Remember the tutorial you have jusi booked!

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

9.00 Study group Tutonal (Art /)
10.00 lecture (Art 1) Lecture (Arl 2) l.Jbrary Study group pem home 10.30

11.00 Tutof'li:11 (English) Lecture (Art 2) L1brary Study group

12.00 Lecture (Art 2) L1brary Study group
13.00 LUNCH
14.00 SW1mm1ng lecture (Engüsh) Dennst - 2.30

15.00 Study group Lecture (Engbsh) Denust

����---1�������--+�������-t-�������-1-������--1
16.00 S1udy group Lecture (Art 1) Football practce

110 COMMUNl('ATION ACTIVITIES

 ACTIVITIES
Lesson 1.3 Exercise 7 (page 11) Lesson 1.4 Exercise 3 (page 12)
Student B
cloud ll.,oJ noon
Answer your partner's questions about Peru. Then ask your a white or grey shape in the sky that is made
of small drops of water: There were no
parlner questions and complete the notes for Chile. clouds in the sky.

USEFUL PHRASES fog íl'!l'n,,un

doudy eir near the groond, which is difficuh
What activitics are thcrc? Thcre's ... to see through: There wos thick. fog eorly in
Whal's tho wearhcr likc? In the winter, il's ... themoming.

whct's thc average lt's ...

autumn .�:1:im nou,
ternpcraturc in ... ?
the season when leeves fall off the trees; F.\U
AmE
P�l'U
,,.., tht coaet In tht rnourrtaíns hurricane 'h ,nl'.m UUI
a violen! storm with very strong fast winds
Ac.tivities and 1',110r\:'.el\in9 whíl'e-wate.r raftit19
attractions. sea "'1";"9 ho™' riding blizzard hh, 'KI, oc...
a storm with a Iot of wind and snow
We.ather
wmter (Ma,¡-Dlfober) f"'j� ao<I wo\ dl'j anc:i SUt1fli sun � ,n 'noun
Average ternperafure. 15 C. UJ re the thing in the sky that gives us light and
heat: The sun's gone behind o doud. 1 She
'$ummer sum1-1 and hot doud� and wet lay in the sun reoding.
(Nnvembtr-Af>¡·i\)
l\veragr temperature 21, • e UJ 'e From L ongmiJn �-\'ordwise DiclioniJry
C.HIL�
In fue dt&trl !n tht moumains
A.c.tivifiM,

We.ather

Qi1ne.-Odober) Da-rime temperature: . [_ June-,A,09ust good for �iing

W1nter ao<I ao<I

Night-time temperature. 5 l Pwer39e temperature· 5 L
'$ummer ao<I
(November-Ma-¡) Da,;time temperature: . [_ Pwerage temperature
- llO f,f\OW
C.
N19ht-time temperature. ·c.

Review Units 1-3 Exercise 9 (page 31) Lesson 12.4 Exercise 3b (page 106)
Studenl 8 1b Bananas are high in potassjum. Thi<; i<; good íor
lowcnng stress levels.
First, respond to Sludent A's suggestion. Then make
a suggestion about one of the activities in the box, 2c Ali oí thc possiblc answers incre.:ase thc oxygcn in
and agree or disagree with Student A's response. your brain, but only laughlng encouragcs posiüvc
thinking.
B: Why úon't we watch that new re;ility TV show
/Ollig/Jf?
Ja Lavcndcr oil helps you relax. Peppcrmint ami
roscmary oil both w.:ake you up and makc your mind
A:Crc<.1/ ide,1! l love realily TV. more alert.
8:Sodol! 4b Excrcisc can promote rhe growth oí ncw hrain cclls,
feshion show rcalitc TV show a rnarathon especially in the arca oí thc> brain that is linked to
computcr g,unc� skiing naturc prograrnme mcmory and IC'arning.
strcct ie,;;li\al an gallcry Se Pasta. rice ,md rneat don'! contain vitamin C.
6a Th<' omega 3 oils in oily fish .Jre very good for thc
brain. Blueberries and tom.:atoes contain anlioxidants,
which are good for fighting illncss and di,;casc.
CiitlMHhtiilAJ§i
ACTIVITIES 111
Lesson 2.1 Exercise 8b (page 15) Lesson 2.4 Exercise 3 (page 20)

Student A
Read the artide aboul Mother Teresa and answer
these questions.
1 Was shc Europcan or lndian?
2 What were the problcms in Kolkata?
3 How old was shc whcn shc died?
Your article is missing sorne information. Makc
questions to get this information from your partner. High seores in section A
Use these prompts. You are probably a visual learner. Visual learners like

1 what/tcacht 4 Wh,ll/win? to see information. A lot of learnlng in universities and

2 Whcn/clccidc? S Who/givc? colleges is visual learning beceuse it involves reading.
3 What/rcnt? Tips: Look again regularly at what you have learned.

Ask and answer questions with your partner. 1·12 PH3Mlll§lliil@§I ACTIVITIES
I

Teresa ,,as bom in Maccdoni<1 m Eastcrn Europc

From 1930 to 1948 she taught t
in I CJl O. JI
a church school in Kolkata (originally Calcutta),
lndi,1. She bccamc thc principal of the school in
1944.
Therc wcrc many poor pccplc in Kolkata. In
2,C:I _, shc dccidcd to hclp thcsc pcople. Shc
left thc school and in 1948 she srorted an open-
air school for homelcss children. There werc also
many ver) ill pcoplc on thc strccts. but thcrc werc
no hospuals far thcsc peor pcoplc. Teresa rentcd
J and lookcd aftcr thcsc people.
Thcrc are now ovcr 4.000 oí her centres in tndla.
In 1965 shc opcned her first centre in another
country. in Venezuela. Thcrc are noc, centres in
Asla. Africa and Europe.
Teresa gave all her time and lifc to thc poor
pcoplc of thc world. In 1979 she wcn
4 and she recelved 56,000.
Howovcr. shc did not keep this moncv; instcad
shc gavc thc mane} tn :; _
Teresa dlcd in 1997. During her llfo. shc inspired
rnanv pcoplc to hclp othcrs. And this is sttll true
110\\, 111,111\ years after her death.

Lesson 1.2 Exercise 6 (page 9)

Answtrs
I around the equatcr / in the tropics
2 beca use early in the winler, the eir. ground and seas slill
have sorne summer heat
J in the Arctic and Antarctic
4 water
s at ihe bottom
• b
7 e
8 a)164 b)4 C)5 cf)5
9 so predatcrs cen't see them
to speed skiing - up to 248 kph
Write things down severa! times (e.g. summaries of
important information from textbooks and lectures)
and using your own words. Copy information from your
lectures and textbooks onto the computer, then read the
pnnt-outs. Use different colours to organise and
highlight information.

High seores in sectlon B

You are probably an auditory learner. Auditory learners
like to hear information. They understand best when
they are listening or discussing.
Tips: lf possible, record your lectores and listen to
them later, Record things (e.g. your notes and textbook
information) and listen to them later. Get information from
radio programmes or sound files on the Internet. Say things
aloud. Sing things to music you know. Study with other
students and talk about what you're learning.

High seores in section C

You are probably a physical learner. Physical learners
remember best by moving around and touching things.
Tips: Put information on cards that you can move around
or put on the walls of your home or room. When you study,
wafk around with your textbook or notes in your hand and
read the information aloud. In lectures,
sit near the front of the room and take notes. Choose
subjects where you can do practica! work or research, e.g.
interviews. Spend time 'in the field' (e.g. visiting a museum
or working in an office).

AII students
Have a look at the tips in the other sections - perhaps
there is something there that can also help you.
Lesson 1.3 Exercise 7 (page 11)
Student A
Ask your partner questions and complete the notes for Peru.
Then answer your partner's questions about Chile.

USEFUL PHRASES
Whal activulcs are thcrc? There's ...
What's the weathcr likc? In !he winter, it's ...
Whaf's thc <l\er.ige lt's ...
tcmpcrature in ... ?

ff;l'-U
N thelOM.t In fue mounta111s
Adivitiu and
attrac.tions
Wtather

W1nter (Ma-t-OctoWr) and and _

f'weracy. temperafwe: e e
fommer 5UOl'l'f aod hot doud-¡ and wet
(Nov,:mber-/lpr1Q
Averar,, temperature e ·e

CHILf;
!n tm desert ln fue mount1,ns
At.tivifir.1, bcrse rid,09 tikung
rnountain bi�1n9 soowboan:l.ing
Wtather
W1rrter dear s�1tf, and &1nn,¡ Dat11me u,\á and """'1
(Sune-0,tober) tempera1urt. 15 C N19ht- !)000 for f>l:'.11'19
Ji.11le-�l9Uf>t
t1me temperature. 5·c. AverNJt temperature 5 l

' ;:,omme r \,o\ c.lm!Oi and ....et - no t,no'fl

(Nov,:mb<r-Ma-j) Da-¡t,me temperahire 25 e PwerMjt temperature 15 l
N19ht-tune temperature 5 ·e,.

Lesson 2.3 Exercise 6a (page 19) Review Units 1-3 Exercise 9 (page 31)
Student A Student A
l,aoc,/IG- Make a suggestion about one oí the activities in
r� hcr.'....h W!.Mar the box, then agree or disagree with Student B's
response.
,\lo Y, l,wwp/o;<.d/ l-«L� f,,- •ffa """'- C-,
f"rm .-ad, f.;,r; r.. fashion �hO\\ rC.1lil) TV <.hm\ ,l mararhon
Pc..t<,::,.J,n, ,. . CA'll ¡,,.-"'°'¡.. r �t·f'llf, � cornputcr gamcv ,;l.,iing strcct il'Sli\al
ui'fi<Yrt ,"lot vn·i, t""'l norurc progrommc art g,1Ucf\
(4:r,; �,;, � ovt ufc,,;, .- •11("1.1, prhc<;. Cook_.,.�
A: let's ¡.;o 10 the tssbion �hou this wee/...enc/!
{Ñ,!IU,; - ,w}, � lf, '.fOrl
JJ: /'m no1 suro. f don't rmfly li/...e fa�h,on �hows.
AffC._,.ill\ < r.:::,t rott«oiJ o,r- ',lli.ri" A M � A: Don't rout 110\'t' lhem!
fvrrl"": ob r�1�.;J, IJ,,orl t,i-,fld( n...�·

Oth(,-f" ..forw..+i--11 - ,,:r tNoOU.f", �J; e/1Yc.-l'l'('M

Then swap roles and respond to Student B's
suggestion.
?!"º '"1"'
< 0.\1\HJNI( ATION ACTIVITIES 113
 Lesson 3.2 Exercise 9 (page 25) Lesson 2.3 Exercise 6a (page 19)
Sludent A Student B

1 look at the crossword and prepare definitions ío<;hí

for the words you have. (Do not include the word in YO\.� .J� «�
the definition!)
� (-"-' f.- • � -.;n¡)
P°"""'"'I - � (ou wóo} pd�o
�o""
2 Ask your partner for deíinitions for the missing ..., dw=,
words and complete the crossword.
1.-<c« - 'f"T" ¡o< fool<,.('t=<
USEFUL PHRASES �� to th, '"""""

What's onc down? What's two across? N<c« - � (�"'¡ !;"' to °*"''-'-)
This is someone who This is a machinc that ... � - - - � - bla<k. ....... �"-
This is something that lt's ... Off..- � - ""*«. 'f<"" F' �
This is an adjective
which meaos ...

Lesson 2.1 Exercise 8b (page 15)

e o M p u T E R Studenl B
A Read the article about Mother Teresa and answer
these questions.
D
1 Was shc Europcan or lndian?
2 Wh,11 were rhe problems in Kolkata?
"M A G A z N E o N 3 How old was shc whcn shc died?
T Your article is missing sorne information. Make er.
N T E R V E w E R questions
Use these to gel this information from your partn
ptompts.
R
p o l T e A N N al
bl Whatlbecome?
What/start? f low much/rcccivc?
d) When/die?
e)
A el \Vh.1t/open?

T Ask and answer questions with your partner.

'teresa \\J!> OOm in Ma<..<.'<klni.1 in Eavcm Evropc in
u 1910. From 1 'HO to ICJ-rn shc l,1ugh1 gcography at .i
N church school in Kolkata toriginaüv Calcutta., India.
Shc bccemc ,1• in 1(}-14.
A
Thcrc \\CfC mam poor people in Knll,.,11,1. In 19..Jb,
l
shc dccfdcd to help these ¡x..oplc. Sbc Jcft thc
school and in 1948 shc <tartcd h -----
'5 o Thcre were also mam ,cr. ill pcoplc on thc <;lrCC'I<.
A p o p E R A
but thcrc werc no hospltals for thcsc poor pcop1c.
Teresa rcntcd a room nnd lookcd ,1fter thcsc pcoplc.
nl('(e are m)\\ ovcr .J,000 oí her centres in India. In
I C)(J'j shc oponed e' , in Venezuela.
Thcrc are now centres in A!>ia. Afri<.,1 .md Europc.
Lesson 12.1 Exercise le (page 100) Teresa gavc all her time cnd lifc lo thc poor pcoplc
of rhc world. In 19-9 ,;hC' \\OO the Nobel Peace
l e 4 true Prize and shc rcccrvcd S d, . l lm\<.-'\er, sbe
2 o 5 yellow
did nor keep this moncv: instcad she g,1\<.' tbc
3 false (There ore 6 soiling
mono... to thc poor people of Kolkata.
three higher 7 yellow
8 b Tcr('S.1 clied in 1· • During her life, .,he msptrod
grades. red ond
white striped, red, 9 drums manv pcop1c lo help others. \nd this is still true
ond white belts.l 10 d now. manv vcars aítcr her dcarh.

114 COMMUNICATIC)N ACTI\IITIES

Lesson 4.1 Exercise 6 (page 33) Lesson 4.3 Exercise 7a (page 37)
Student C
1 Work with a partner. Think of more questions for
this questionnaire. Job: Accountant
Health problems:
Amls and wrists hurt. Frequently gel headaches.
1 How many countries have you visited? Hearing problems - a ringing sound in your ears.
2 How ? Work routines/habits:
3 Have you ever ridden a horse? Wori< ten hours eve,y day. Eat lunch at your desk.
4 Have you ever ? Use the computer a lot and read accountancy books.
Have good office chair and desk.
General lifesty�:
Eat wen - lots of fruit and vegetables.
5 How many exams have you done this year? Go to gym every day - use the running machina.
6 How ? Enjoy listening to loud music on MP3 player (on
7 Have you had a holiday this year? trains and buses. and in gym).
8 Have ?

Student D
9 How much television have you watched this week? Job: Catering manager in staff café
10 How ? Health problems:
11 Have you been to the cinema this week? Often have a bad back. Feel phys1caHy tired after a
12 Have ? day's work. Otten get stomach aches.
Work routines/habits:
Manage staff, help clear tables and clean in kitchen.
13 How many phone calls have you made today? Litt and carry food deliveries.
14 How ? Busy ali day, never sit down, eat lunch standing up.
15 Have you eaten any fruit today? General lifestyle:
16 Have ., No time for sport or exercise.
Watch TV. eat microwaved food.

2 lnterview differcnt students in the class. lf

someone has done something. ask more questions Lesson 10.3 Exercise 1 b (page 88)
and take notes. New York, Madrid and Osaka haven't yet hosted
Which country did rou visit first! Did )'OU /i/..f' itt the Summer Olympic Carnes.

3 After your Intervlews, tell your parlner aboul the

different studenls.

Review Units 10-12 Exercise 8 (page 109)

Student B
You want to arrange Lo meet Student A next week for coñee. Use this timetabfe lo try to find a time that suits
you both. You don'L wanl to meet al nine o'clock!

Monday TUflday Wednesday Thursday Friday

9.00
. , Lecture (Maths) Tutonal (Maths)

10.00 Leaure (Maths) lecture (Malhs) Study group lectura (Physics)

11.00 Tutonal (PhysK:s) LJbrary Tutonal (Boology) Study group lectu.. (Boology)
Leaure (BIOlogy) L.ibrary Lunch with Arma Study group
12.00
ll.00 : ¡ ':' ..· .. ., : .... WNQt· -�.. ·. ·. .
14.00 lectu re (Boology) Hodey pracuce
15.00 Study group lectu .. (PhysK:s) Hodey p,acnce
16.00 Study group Lecture (Physics)
COMMUNICAl ION ACTIVITIES 115
 Lesson 4.4 Exercise 2 (page 38)
This morning l fclt awful. I had a
bad carache and a stomach achc
and a pain in my chcst, so I wcnt to
thc local GP. The waiting room was
crowdcd. Onc man had a horrible
red rash on his facc. A woman was
coughing ali the time. A young man
in a wheelchair had his lcg in plnster.
Therc wcrc a lot of clderly pcople.
Thcy wcrc probably waiting for
thcir flu injections. 1 waitcd for ages.
Fmally, the doctor calkd my namc.
\X'hen I cntered her room, shc was
l>itting at thc computcr. Shc twncd
to facc me. 'Good morning.'
'Good morning.'
'And wbat's thc problcm today?'
l cxplaincd thc problcm. She
cxamincd mc. Shc looked in my enrs.
Shc put her stcthoscope around her antibiotics and wc snid goodbyc. l
ncck and listcned to my chcst. She rook theprescription to thc chemist's
chcckcd my pulse and my blood and gor rbe medicinc. In thc cvcning,
prcssure. I phoncd Abiguil and told her nbour
'Havc you lost nny weighr rcccntly?' my visir to thc doctor.
sbc asked. 'You'vc had that stmnuch probkm
-xo,' I rcplicd. ·¡ don'r think �ll.' 1 for sorne time,' shc said. ·\Xñy
said I didn't know cxuctly bccausc don"r thcy rcfcr you to u spcciclí-r>
thc bnthroom serles wcrc brokcn. You nced a sean. 111cn thcy can
•\'Ccll. your chcst is clcar,' shc said, sce what's going un. Make anothcr
'but you'vc got nn car infcc:tion. appointmcnt with the doctor for
J'm putting you on a course of latcr this wcck. Ask her to scnd you
nnubícucs. Thc stomach probkm to thc hospital.'
is probably jusr a bug. Thcrc's a lot 'OK,' 1 said.
going round at the momcnt.' In thc cnd, Abigail bccamc cross.
'Do I nccd a blood test?' Shc thinks thc Natlonnt Health
Scrvicc has gol a lot worsc. 'You
'No, not at thc momcnt.'
necd privare hcalthcarc,' shc said.
She gavc me a prcscription for thc

Lesson 5.3 Exercise 7a (page 45)

Student A
You have photos for lwo oí the links on the website:
Animal Hunting (C1 and C2) and Animal Captivity
{E1 and E2). For each pair of photos, decide which
one is best íor each link, and why. Telephone the
Communications Director. Describe all your photos
and make your recommendations. Use the words in
thc box to help you.

e ,1gl' gun huntcr loe 1,.

polkc.• officN tigN �kin

116 COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES

Lesson 5.4 Exercise 8a (page 47)
Volcanoes are one of the most impressive features
of the natural world. Toe largest active volcano in
the world is Mauna Loa (4,170m) on Hawaii, in the
Pacific Ocean. Everybody can recognise a volcano.
but are they all the same? Mount Fuji {3.776m) is
perhaps the worto's most famous volcano because
of its almos! perfect shape - a cone with quite steep
sides. This essay looks at two famous volcanoes in
different countries. Unlike Mauna Loa. Mount Fuji
Lesson 3.2 Exercise 9 (page 25)
Sludent B
1 look at the crossword and prepare definitions
for the words you have. (Do no! indude the word in
the defrnition!)
2 Ask your partner for deíinitions for the missing
words and complete the crossword.
USEFUL PHRASES

in Japan is a dorman! volcano which last erupted What's onc down? What's two across?
in 1707. To summarise. Mauna Loa is higher than lhis is sorncone who . This is a machine that ...
Mount Fuji but the sides of Mount Fuji are steeper. This is somcthing that . lt's ...
Mauna Loa is an active volcano. The last eruption
Thrs is an adjcctive
was m 1964. lts sides slope gently, and ttus shape
whlch rne,ms ...
of votcano is less dangerous than other kinds. In
contrast. Mount Fuji is dormant. Mauna Loa last
erupted m 1984 whereas the last eruption of Mount

Fuji was in 1707. In conclusion, we can see that o '

these two volcanoes have more differences than u
similarities, but they both catch our imagination. 's E R E s
·,
N
Lesson 6.2 Exercise 9 (page 51)
A
Student A: You wanl to start your own business.
With your partner, make two lists: l

1 thc problcms you might facc.

2 thc solutions to thosc problcms. s

Problems Solulions T
.. thc bank docsn't lcnd borrow sorne frorn m)
N N
vou ,111¡ mane, familv

· thc bustnc-s fati� get ,1 joh wnh a

N A T º�NGILJ [

cornponv / trv age¡n E w

R T E l E V s O N
Try to think of sorne more problems and solulions. V p
Then role-play the situation with your partner.
A
What'fl you do if rhe J:,,,nk doesn'l lend you Jll)'
moneyt e A M E R A p

- /'JI borrow som(' from my (.unily. w E

Yes, hui ... R
Now do the same with this situation.
Student 8: You want to live on your own.
Lesson 6.4 Exercise 4b (page 54)

Problems Solutlons p
• fecl loncli phone rnv fricnds C\.liolt11ct �ill i11c,-u.st M ¡..iit�fYi�k.tt11tJ. to ltAvt cuv
* run out of moncy l orne home .x, p
k.ow.t.s. t,\)J..1,t ¡,..t tA11 J.o I btfüvt tMt "1tJ.. ptoplt
ó¡'
.skoul). P'\� l"-Ol't tAl( AM tkt �ovt11w.t11.t w.ust p,-oviJ.t
,JjJJ p
W.Ol't OCCAliOlll fov- poo,· ptoplt
Now corree! !he mistakes.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 117

 Lesson 7 .4 Exercise 3b (page 64)
Susan Greenfield is Professor of Pharmacology at the elegant and brilliant
University of Oxford and Director of the Royal lnstitution. cooks!). In Britain, if a
She is one of Britain's best-known scientists. Here she woman takes time out to
tells us about sorne probtems facing women in science. have a child atthis very
Schools in the UK are not doing enough to encourage important stage in her
girls to study science. There are no physical differences, career, things can be
I believe, between men's and women's brains, but there very hard for her later.
are ditferences in how meo and women process II she wants to retum
knowledge. Most school sctence is about leaming facts, to won: after having
and boys are happier about facts, and gettmg somethmg children, it is difficult
right or wrong. 1 think that women have always had to compete WTth men
more complicated lives so they are more interested in who, meanwhile, have
evatuating things. Schools have to show what you can published a number of
do with lacts. Toen girls will be more interested. academic papers.
Wamen who want a career in science can tace a Then there is the
number of difficulties. One of them is male attitudes. question of confidence. l believe that, at sorne point in
Early in my career, 1 was often the only woman worldng their careers. someone needs to give women scientlsts
in my \ab in Oxford. Amale colleague called me slmply sorne confidence. They have to have more confidence
'the girl'. Over the years, men - and it is always men in their abilities to be good scientists, to apply forjobs
- have made comments to me such as 'You don't look and to do good interviews. When women talk about
like a scientist' 1 realised that there was a problem in the their experience and skills, for example, they need to
UK when I went to France. In the Jab where I worked in talk about the six out of ten thlngs that they have, not to
Paris, the atmosphere was different Thiswas beca use apo!ogise for the four out of ten that they don't heve.
about 50% of the peo ple working there were female. In the end, if you are nota woman, and if you are nota
The issue of children is atso very important for female sciennst, the issue of women in science might nor seem
scientists in their late 20s or early 30s. In the lab in Peris. very imponant But if you are both those things, you
might feef uncenain about where your career or lite is
having children did not have a negative effect on the
going.
careers of the French women (who were also super

Lesson 9.3 Exercise 7a (page 79) Lesson 8.1 Exercise 6 (page 67)
Student A

1 You buy new products for Route One. You are

inlerested in a new digital camera, Model DO, that
QUl2
is sold by Guangdong Digital. Read your company
information below. How long should it take peoplt to fall
asleep at night?
• Your ideal order is 500 cameras. You can increasc How many hours sleep do parents lose a ye.ar
this, but you are not sure how popular the camera when they have a new baby?
will be.
Why is it difficult to sleep on hot summer
• You would like to pay about 580 pe- ilem.
nights?
• Your company would like a fast dclivery, so that
What is the record for the longest period of time
)'OU can soon scll thc cameras to the shops.
without sleep?
2 Before you begin the negotiation, look back at How many hours a night did people sleep 150
the lesson on pages 78 and 79 and choose more years ago?
phrases for the box below. lf you can't sleep, you should count sheep. True
or false?
USEFUL PHRASES lf you fe.el sleepy when you're driving, 1t is a

What is the pricc pcr itcm! That's a deal! good idea to open the wmdow, or play loud
music. True or false?
Losing sleep can make you fat True or false?
E\ephants sleep standing up durmg non-REM
sleep, but lie down for REM sleep. True or false?
Fish clase their eyes when lhey sleep. True or
fatse?
3 Now have the meeting with Guangdong Digital
and negotiate a deal. Check your answers on page 121.

118 ACTIVITIES
Lesson 8.4 Exercise 6 (page 73) Lesson 8.3 Exercise 7a (page 71)

5 Suddcnly, Kupe hadan idea. He threw sorne bigwater

containers into the sea. The octopus thought that the
comainers were people. tt released the canoe and
attacked the containers. Al that moment. Kupe ¡umped
onto the back of the octopus. He raised his sharp knife
high into the er. He struck the ocropos hard on the
head and killed it.
6 FinaHy, aíter a diíficult joumey oí thousands of miles
aod the defeat of the giant octopus. Kupe's people
coutd serte on this new and wooderful land of IWO
islands. Aotearoa.

Lesson 9.1 Exercise H (page 75)

Sludent A
Find someone in your class who used to do these
lhings. Try to find a different person for each
question. Try to continue the conversation by asking
other questions.
Example
,ot: Did you LJS(' to ride horSC'S when )'OLJ were
roung?
..TUO(Nl: tes. I did.
H)l: 1-fou old were you then?
'iTl'Dl:"1: Aboul thirteen ...
OR
H)l : Did you use to ride horses when you were
}'Otmg?
STL OCNT: )'c>s, I did. And I still ride horses!
Find someone- who used to ...
Name Olher
information
1 ridc horses

2 havc very long hair

3 cotlcct stamps

4 cry a lot as a baby

5 be shy

6 have big blrthday

parties
7 dream a lot

Tell your parlner one or two interesting things you

have found out!

1
( OMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 119
 /
( \"
....
. \' ·- •· -. ,
Lesson 10.1 Exercise & (page 85)
Student A
�

'
·.

¡·
''-� . .
·' '. .
I
\, J
Luciano Pavarotti and Jane Goodall are on UN duty next Luciano Pavarolli
week. Pavarotti has a special interest in children's rights
and inlernational peace. Goodall has a special interest
in animal conservation and economic development.
Ask and answer queslions with your partner to
complete their appointment diaries. Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall
�\onrlav Tues<l.iv \\t'(IOl'',d,1, ThuN.l,w hn\,11
a.m. 10.00 a.m. s •1.m. 10. IO ,1.m. 11.lO ,1.m. 'J.00.1.m .
---
Vi,i1 .m animal '><11,.m Vi�1t ,1 mn ro-r rrdu thr-
.ihout th(• trip 10 Kcn'y,l p,ir\..
' pro¡1'C t
Ml't.'1
Icononur ,
Mini�tl'r (JI

'
lhÍSIH'<.'J..
p.m. lravel lo �t'n't;i 1.00p.m. 2.00 p.m. Co to .m p.m. f lv back tu 1',t••.v Yorl.
p.m.J uvo lunc.h wirh the "
flt•i11c at 2.00 I animal h0<;JJ1!.1l trreet ' - (Jt..\H! .JI 'i.00 p.m.)
Animal Cnnserv,1tion
( orrmuncc
'-- .11 .t.00 p.111.)

6.00 p.m.
'
luciano Pavarotti

Mnnd.1� Tul...dav \.\'('c!m"'>(l,1\ Thur,c:l.i\ fmL1\

.1.m.
tJ.00 .1.111.
,1, 0.00 .i.m. <).l0.1 m. 10.JO ,1111 . 9.00a.m.
Give .1 1 V in1crvi<w
.1bm11 thc trip tu India -- Go to .i h1>-pital Mt<t.'I tlw Ho.tlth
(nx<t.•I tht• ,;t.1f1 \\ ho lool.. Mini�tt'f
1 lold ,l prcv,
l onwr1•n11• ,, ith tlu-
this \\ t't.•I.. ,1ftN 1Jw rhiklren ,11 pre<,ick,n1 ot thc Pt'.Jt1•
11.00 ,1.111.) in AlntJ C ommittw
,,
p.m. TrJvcl tu lndiJ 1.00p.m. 4.00p.m.
"
p.m.
"" -
lc,1vt• ,it 11 p.m.) l l,l\t' lunth with the Givc ,1 prt«;Cnt,11ion to
hc,ulm.1�1t•r oí tlw 111(' UN rvacc i11 Aírk,1
--
sc hool Cornmiuec
-1.00p.m.

"'
Lesson 10.3 Exercise 7a (page 89)
Paire
Your city is Madrid in Spain. Look al the information be[ow and prepare a shorl prcsenlalion. Use adjcctives
and adverbs lo emphasise the good lhings about your city. When your group is ready, give your presentation.
Remember, emphasise that your city is the best!

(Íf)" M•drid
City í,1(f'- In the centre oí thc country
Populntton: six million
wcathcr: hot and dry, 12 "C
Spcclal ambitinn / The Green Games
conccpl • The Carnes will pay for ncw green creas and wildlifc parks.
• WL• will use green clt'<.1ritity {from solar aud wind powcr) .
 Sports venucs 1\11 the vcnucs are in the ci1y.
• 85'\, ,1lrc,lCly edst.
• 60º{, oí vcnucs will be ·r O mins from thc villagc.
• .:19% oí vonucs will he 20 mins trom thc villagc.
• 1 °., oí \Cl1Ul'S will be 35 mins frnm the villilgc .
A1hlt•1cs' • lhcrc will he 7,000 doublc r<X)rno; in o;m,,11 blocks.
J<..cornrm >ria t ion • After !he GJmCS, 1he vill,1gc will be ,1 new residcnti,11 arca, ,l mix!Llíl' oí .:;ociill and priv,1tc
housin¡i., sc.hools ,md hcillth ccn!rc.'S.
Transport • We will use puhlic. trilnsport only -1hcrt• will lw no cxlril Cilr p.irl,..!>.
• 9011·u of vcnucs will be <;crvcd hy rall ilnd rnelro lincs .
• n1crc will he speci.il bu.:;c.:; ,md bus IJnt'S .

120 COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES

Lesson 1.4 Exercise 2 (page 12)

mi l.u:l,'od¡ectve cm:, r:11n1 ad�

1 slightly cold, especial!y in a nice way ) opposue I\AAM.
lt was hot in the doy. but plearontly roo/ at nighl
After his run, he hod o shower ando long, coo/ drink.
2 calm, rather than nervous or excited: She tried to stay
coof and nat ponic.
3 spal<an 111form.11 if you say that someone or something
is cool, you like or admire them: ft was a real/y cool
party last night.
1 very good: We sell fine food from around the world. 1
I The team gave a fine performance.
2 very thln, or in very small pieces or amounts: a shampoo
for fine hair I a scarf made from vcry fine silk I Thc sand
here is fine and soft.
3 ,,, good enough: '/'ve only got water to drmk.' Thot's
fine:
4 healthy and reasonably happy: 'How is your
mother?' 'She's fine, thanks.'
5 if the weather is fine, it is sunny and not raining: I hope
it stays fine far the picnic.

aJ hut odf('drve hotter, hottest

1

1 something that is hot has a high temperature: lt was

a very hot day. 1 You'll feel better aher a hor bath. 1 My
coffee is sti/1 too hot to drínk.
2 hot food has a burmng taste because it has a lot of
spices in it: o dish of hot. spicy meot and vegetables
m, ,t.d 'od¡ecttv(>
1 lt Is dark when it is dark, it is night time: lr's anly five
o'clock and lt's olreody dork. 11 want ta get home
befare it gets dark (- becomes dark). 1 Come ins,de
it's dark out (- it is dark outside).
2 a dark place is one where there rs little or no light: a
durk. quiet roum I lt was very darle in the lorest and we
could hardly see,
3 a dark colour is strong and doser lo black than to
white: a dork b/ue dress \ /'d Ir/ce a corpet that's a bit
darlcer than this one.
4 someone who is dark or who has dark hair or eyes
has black or brown skin, hair or eyes: a beoutilul darlc-
haired woman I Tony's dad was dark, but his mother
had blande hair.
l\jj j 11 /1.li'J/ ad¡eetWL'
1 easy to see, hear, or understand: His writing isn't very
c/ear. 1 Sorne of the exam questians weren't very clear.
2 if something is dear, it is certain and people can't doubt
it: lt soon became cleor that John was lymg to us. 1
Sarah made it cleor thot she wanted to come Wllh us. 1
lt's not clear how mony people were hurt
3 il a substance or liquid is clear, you can see through it:
clearglass
4 a clear sky has no douds
CD dn11 adJ(XttVe drier. driest
1 something that is dry has no water in 11 or on it: Gel a
dry towel out of the cupboord.
2 if your mouth, throat, 01 skin is dry, it does not have
enough of the natural liquid that is usually in it: My sic in
gets so dry in the wfnter.
3 if the weather has been dry, there 1s no rain: lt's been a
very dry summer.

111Mül t,r;w fld�ve

1something that is bright shines a lot or has a lot of light:
- 1 l111i "': 111
'º �Ne'
the bright {lames of the condles I a nice bright room
1 quite hot: lt's lovely and warm in th1s room. l Cover the 2 bright colours are strong and not dark: a bunch of
bowl to lceep the soup warm. 1 lt was a warm doy so bright yellaw flowers
we set outsíde. 3 intelligent: Mana is one al the brightest students in the
2 warm clothes stop you from feeling cold: 1 must buy a
school.
warm coat to wear this winler. - brightness noun {na plural]
3 lriendly: We gave the visítíng students a wann
welcome

From Longman Wordwisc Dic1io11ary i,ditl 111,llld1Qd¡l'(IM

1 not too severe, strong or serious: Dean hada mild cose
of llu ¡ a mild punishment
2 not having a strong taste: The sauce is very mild.
3 mild weather is not too cold: lt's very mild far January.

Lesson 8.1 Exercise 6 (page 67)

10-15 minutes - Iess than five
minutes means you'rc sleep-
deprlved.
400-750 hours
Wc need to cool down befcre
we can slccp. and this is more
difficult in summer.
11 days
9-10 hours, but this changed
w1th thc seasons.
False, according to sorne
cxperts. They think it may be
more dislracting than relaxing.
Relaxing imagery or thoughts
may be better.
False. The best and safest thing
to do is to stop, and takc a nap.
True. New research show-s a
connection between lack of
sleep and obesity.
True
False. Fish don'l havc cyelids.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 121

 t.esson 10.3 Exercise 7a (page 89)
PairA
Your city is Osaka in Japan. look at the information be/ow and prepare a short presentation. Use adjectives
and adverbs to emphasise the good things about your city. When your group is ready, give your presentation.
Remember, emphasise that your city is the best!

Cit) facts On thc COOSI

Population: threc million
wcathcr: hot and humid, 32 "C
Spectal ambition I The Carnes on the Sea
concepl • \Ve will use very mcxlcm tcchnologv and build magnificent islands in thc sea for the Carnes.
• \VC' will build thrcc artificial islands in Osaka Bay- two far thc sports vences and one for tbc
Olympic vill,1ge.
Sports vcnucs Nonc oí thc vences currently exist, so \\C' \\ ill build thc mosl mcxlem sports facilities in thc
world. The best in thc world.
• 5C1'o of thc \COUCS wil1 be on two oí the artificial islands.
• 50"0 of the venucs will be on the mainland.
• 50"1., of vermes wilt be 15 mins from the villagc {island to isl,ind).
• 50"!., of vcnues will be 30-45 mins from the villagc (island to mainland).
Athletcs' • Thc Olympic village will be on thc central artificial island.
,1ccommodation • Ihcrc will be 14,000 single rooms.
• Aftcr thc gamcs, wc will scll the apartrrents on rhc privale housing markct.
Transpon • The mainland has an cxcellcnl rail servicc.
• Then- will be íerrics and lrain tunnels bctwccn the lslaods.

Lesson 11.3 Exercise 6a (page 97)

Project title Sl4)er Streets
Project description The em ot the proiect IS to clean the streets
of graffrtr and litter and to reduce cnme. Members of the local
commurwty wil form ·street Teams' v.hch wil be respoosble fOf
cleanng up graffitJ and �er. Toe teams WII also be ri close contact
v.ith the police to heb light street crwne. CClV WII mean the street
teams can see anb-socia\/cnmrl\al behavloor easity.
Beneflts of the project
1 The local area IS very run-OovKt There is a lot of graffib and
ru'lblsh. Toe street teams wll be able to clean ttw,gs ltl
mmediately and create a better local enworment.
2 The local cOf!WTUity Yil take reSJX)l'lsMty to- the klcal area.
3 The street teams wil lllClude chki"en and addts, and thls wil
bmg the meni>ers of the corrmrvty closer together.
Project title Vlllage of Wnd
Project description The am of the pro¡ect is to create a
corrmnty wind farm. lt MI prov.de electncrry far k>cal homes
and we wil sel extra electncrty r1 order to rarse mooey for
other convoorvty pro¡ects.
Benefits of the Proiect
1 lt wil prOl/lde green electncrty for the Vllage (aod � fight
global w,m,ng).
2 lt wtll reploce an ugly �JiM hl ilrmg and ,t wil tlwn an
area of wasteland 1nto a modem wmd farm.
3 lt WIII make money for the cormuvty by seli"lg electncrty
to the cOlfltry. Tus mooey wiD ñ.nd a youth clb and a
social centre for the elderly.
4 lt wil have an educabon,lexhbbon centre. so that children

-··
4 There has been a k>t of street crme. llus wil het> reace the
aod adJts can leam about global waffilng and ways to
crrne and make the streets safer.
5 A safer and cleaner envrrooment WII attract new busnesses to
the area. Budget
Budget Total cost !70.000
Total cost: í.55,000 Costs breakdown
Costs breakdown Clear.n:e of wasteland: il0.000
aear,ng eqopment .H0.000 lnstallabon of ten Wl"ld turbrnes: !60.000
Purchase of ten CClV cameras: !40.000 Note: There \'.il be no arrua! costs because the wmd fam, wil
Management of the CClV cameras: í.5.000 per year make money that wil pay lor mairrtel\ance and management.

122 COMMUNICATION ACTJVITIES

 ,. 1
Lesson 10.1 Exercise 6 (page 85)
Sludent 8
luciano Pavarotti and Jane Goodall are on UN duty
nexl week. Pavarolli has a special interest in children's
�'.
���

,'

¡·. '
' •

•
2 J I
rights and inlernational peace. Goodall has a special
interest in animal conservation and economic
development.

Ask and answer questions with your partner to

complete their appointmenl diaries. Jane Goodall luciano Pa varotti

Jane- Goodall
Mond., TUHd.lv Wednesda" lhursdav Fridav
a.m. 10.00J.m. 11.00,l m. 10.30.1.m. 11 JO a.m. ()_{)() a.m.
MCC'1 ¡,
I tnlcl ,l prc« UlnÍ{'r('IIU' vtsn an ,min1.1I "<IÍJn Glvc J radio mtl'fVÍl'\\ s
ahoul thc uip to Keoya
lhi� \\('(•l '""'
p.m. Tr,n'(_•l to t.cn,,1
' p.m. ?.OOp.m.
ce to !
I.JOp.m. '
!lt',l\(' di
' p.m.l ' slaff ,ll 4.00 p.m.\
{ffit_�I lnh:.-rv1t•w sorne \\'Oll'l('O
«f-o use micr()-(.rl..:lit '
6.00 p.m.
11,ne dirme-r with lhe
US Amb.1�!,,ldor

Luciano Pavarotti
Monda• Te·--•--- w........... Thursdav Frida"
,1.m <J (J0..1.m. 10.00,l.lll. <J.30 ,1.m. 10.10,1.m. q.{)() n.m,
' Vi�il a '-Chool for strt'C'I
childrco "
!Ol('{'� al " " -
11.00J.m.)

p.m. T1,1\cl 10 India I.CXlp.m. 4.00p.m. 1.101>.m. Fly b,1d. to NPW York
ucave ,ll J.00 p.m.! Smg at 1..hildreo\ Gi\'t' a prt"-1.'ntation 10 (1f'a\l(' at 3.00 p.m.)
"
4.00p.m.
d
p,1rty J! rhe hospit,11 thc UN Peacc 111 Aírica
Ccmrmuec
�'\('(>! thc hcad oí Ihc
101.al UN ci(,p.1rtmmt

Lesson 4.3 Exercise 8 (page 37)

Student A Student B
Job: Senior manager Job: Personal assistant to senior manager
Health problems: Health problems:
Can't concentrate. Frequent headaches. Make Sore throat. often lose voice. Cough and sneeze a lot. Eyes are
simple mistakes. Sometimes get stomach aches. often red and sore. Feel a little better when senior manager lsn't
Work routines/habits: in the offtce.
Often work late. A lot of responsibihties. Personal Work routines/habits:
assistant not very good. so otten also do his/her Comfortable chair, but no wmoow in office.
work. Often have blg and long business lunches. Office is m an old building which is difflcult to clean.
General lifestyle: Many indoor plants in office - senior manager likes them.
Eat a lot of heavy food and meat. You smoke. Don't have any of these problems at home.
Play squash once a week. General lifestyle:
Take a lot of headache medicine. Uve ,n a large modem house.
Vegetarian. Never smoke.
Enjoy gardening. but no plants in house.
Go swimmlng once a week - but often have sore eyes after
swimming. Do yoga.

COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 123

 Lesson 11.2 Exercise 5b (page 95) Lesson 9.1 Exercise 8 (page 75)
Sludent 8
look at these ideas about cutting down waste.
Then discuss these questions in your groups. Find someone in your class who used to do these
things. Try to find a different person for each
question. Try to continue the conversalion by asking
other questions.
t'(ample

1 Send e-caros (for oo1hdays. etc) and not pa¡,er or can! ,OL: Die/ )OU u-e to pf,1) tbe piano \\hen vcu
ones. The thougtrt is what's important, not the material. wo-c young?
2 Give old toys to other families. STl'D[1',T: res, I did.
3 Reuse plastic bags. To help you remember to do lhis, VOL: l low old were 1-ou thcn?
keep some in your pocket or bag - they don't take up 'iHII>�,T: \,Ve//, I suned when I u.H aboul -íx ...
much space. OR
4 Buy your fru� and vegetabo!s from a local matl<et. HX..: Oid you use to play the piano 11hen you
5 Think beforn you print How many times have yoo were )Oung?
printed something an<I no1 looked at it again? lf you do 'iTUOC'1J: )<'s, I did. And I sti/1 play the piano!
print, use both sides of a piece of paper.
6 Hire videos and DVDs rather than buying them. Find someone whn used fo ...
7 save about 40 litres of water a time by having showers Name Otber
lnstead of baths. information

1 Which do vou alrcady know about? Which ere OC'\\ pl.i) thc piano
lo youf
2 Which do )OU do? Which coukí }'OU do? 2 be afraid of thc dark
3 \Vhich are gcod ideas? Are thcrc any 'fOU don't
likc? Why? l arguc with his/her
parents
Lesson 11.4 Exercise 10 (page 99) -1 car a 101 oí S\, ccts
Plans íor a new airport terminal
1.000 local rcsidcnts intervicwcd cFchruaí) 4-111 5 wear black clotbcs
• (,.4t\, ,1gains1 ne\, terminal - ,iiruaft noisc, more all rhc time
trafflc on local roads 6 draw picturcs oí his/
• 2 5°0 in Iavour - good for local busincsses her recebos JI school
• 11 °0 undccided - nccd more informalion abour 7 wakc up \-ery carlt
thc pl,111,;
• 9-l"o lhink gov ernmcnt should pa) more allcntion
lo, ic,,s of local residente; Tell your partner one or two inleresting things you
have found out!
Lesson 12.1 Exercise 1c (page 100)
Do this sports quiz. Then check your answers on
page 114.

1 The firsl lable tenms match wos 4 In fencmg clathes musl be wh1te True 8 In whtCh cvtture did gymnOS11CS
between two university studenls AJ 0t false? begin?
wh1eh un,versity? oJ Romon
aJ Beijmg, China 5 ln orchery, whol colour is lhe centre of bJ Anclenl Greek
the largef?
bJ BoJo¡¡no noty d /ncan
d Combndge. UK 6 Which spor1 IS conneeled wilh the
9 What musical instrvment Is connected
Amenca's Cup?
2 Which sport took !he nome of with drogon boal roong?
someone's house? 7 In cydng. whot colour sh1rt does rhe
10 Where were !he firsl footbaU World
al badminton leoder ofthe Tour de Froncewear" Cup finals 1n 1930?
bl hockey
el polo O/ Chile
bJS-
3 The highesl grade of judo is !he block cJ Swltzerland
bell True or false? di Un,guoy

124 {.OMMUNICATION ACTlVITIES

Lesson 10.3 Exercise 7a (page 89)
Pair B
Your city is New York in the USA. Look at the information below and prepare a short presentation. Use adjectives
and adverbs to emphasise the good things about your city. When your group is ready, give your presentation.
Remember, emphasise that your city is the best!

Cil) "n,. Yor&¡ .• �rf,._-.'. . •:C-· � _,,,_-�. :�..._ . �- .

City focts On thc ccast
Population: 8.5 million
woathcr: hor and humid, lR "C
Spccial ambition / The lnner-City Carnes

conccpt Thc Carnes will improve poor inner-city parts of thc c.il} - thcre \\ ill be ncw housing, ncw sports
facilities and ncw parks.
Sports \.COUCS We will hace thc largcsr sports vcnucs C'VCr for rhc 01\ mpics.
All thc vcnucs will be in thc cif) centre.
• 65'\, alrcady cxtst.
• 40% of vcnucs will be 20 mins from thc \ Hl,1gc.
• 30''., of vcnucs will he 30 mins from tbc villagc.
• 30º1" of venucs will be 50 mins from thc \ lllagc.
Athleree' • The Olympic villagc will be in a poor arca of lhc cil), next to tbe rivcr.
accommodation • Thcre will be 7,000 doublc roorns. in skyscrapcrs 120 íloorsl.
• Thc apartmcnts will go on sale, as prívate housing. 10 thc public ,1f1er rhc Garncs.
Transpon • \.\IC' will huild extra car parks and roads for rhc vcnucs.
�
• lhcrc will be spccial buses for thc Gamcs .
--
Lesson 5.3 Exercise 7b (page 45)
Student 8
You have photos for two of the links on the website:
Animal Hospitals (81 and 82) and Animal Sanctuaries
(01 and 02). For each pair of phctos, decide which
one is best for each link, and why. Telephone the
Communicalions Director. Describe all your photos
and make your recommendations. Use the words in
the box to help you .
•111irn.1I kccpcr hold lic clown listen
mx k wfndo«
COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES 125
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
lgI] Prcsent simple
Use thc prcscnt simple to talk about facts and things
that are gcncmlly true.
II rains a lot in Britain.
Use the prescnt simple also to talk about regular
actions and habits.
Wc have a skiing holiday evcry wintcr.
Formation
Wi1h thc proscnt simple of thc vcrb be, use am, is or
are in afflrrnatlve statements, questions and negatlves.
He is always vcry fricndly.
Are you lntcrested in travclling?
l'm not often hcrc at rhc wcckends.
With thc prescnt simple of other vcrbs, use thc vcrb
on its own in affirmativc statcmcnts.
Thcy work in the same office as me.
! Rcrnemhcr to add -s to thc maln vcrb after he/she/it.
Pctcr llvcs in a rcelly big housc.
Note thesc spelling changos aftcr helshe/it:
• Vcrbs t•nding in ·5, -sh, -cb, ·7, ·X or -o, add -<'S:
washes.
• Vcrbs cnding in consonant + ·y, change ·y to ·ies:
carrles.
• Thc vcrb bsve bccornos h,1s aücr hf'/sfa4il.
Africa has ,1 lot of problcms.
Use c/o/d0<•s to form thc ncgaüve and qucstions.
Wc don't live near hcre.
Docs your country have a lot of storms?
Prcscnt simple short answers use doldoes.
Yes, it does. I No, it doesn't.
Use do/doe« or am/is/.ue to form qucstlons wlth who,
what, when, where, '1011, 11h>, nhic:h.
When docs winter stnrt herc?
What is your namc¡
Advcrbs and time expressions
We oítcn use odverbs of frequency with thc prcsent
simple, e.g. a/wars, oít!'n, sometimcs, nevot, lhe ndvcrb
comes after thc vcrb te. but befare othcr verbs.
lt's never really hol in Scotland.
lt docsn't oíten snow in London.
Wc con also use time cxprcssions with thc prcscnt
simple, c.g. C'very day, once a 1H>e.l., every ye,ir. Wc
usually put these ,1t thc cnd of the sentcncc.
11,c ncws is on BBC al 6.00 every evening.
Use the prcscnt continuous to describe an action
ruppcning now cr around now.
Wc're having an English lcsson at thc momcnt.
Use thc prcscnt continuous nlso to describe a
chauglng situation.
Thc wcather in thc UK is definitcly getting hotter.
126 IIJ§jfj@ languagc rcfcrence
Form thc presenr conlinuous with the auxiliary be+
the -ing form of the main vcrb.
l'm trying to finish thls exercise.
He isn't staying wilh us right now.
Is it raining? Yes, it is. I No, it isn't.
We usu.illy jusi add ·ing to the end of thC' main verb,
but note thesc spclling changes:
• Verbs ending .e, remove .e .ind add ·ing: livc - füing.
• Vcrbs cnding in vowel + most consonants, doublc
the consonan! and add -ing: gel - gelling, lravcl
- travclling \but nol with vowel + -y: play- pla)fog).
Time expressions
We oftcn use time exprcssions with the prescnt
continuous, c.g. na,v, today, currently, these da)!>.
We're staving al a fricnd's housc al the moment.
I G3] Present simple and present continuous
Use thc prcscnt simple for regul.Jr actions and !he
prescnt continuous for .icrions in progrcss.
Prcscnt simple: Jt rains every day in \\ inter.
Presenl continuous: 11 isn't raining al the moment.
Wc use IXlth thc prcscnt simplc ancl lhe pr<.-scnt
c.onlinuous with vcrbs that describe- aclions (action
vcrbs), c.g. rain, work, play.
Thc childrcn play with thcir fricnds on Saturda)'S.
Th<' children are playing football now.
Some verbs dcscrihc statcs (st.1tc vcrbsl such as
fcdings and situalions, e.g. /x>, wanl, beli!'ve, f..now,
understand, li.l.e. These verhs don'! usu.illy have a
c:ontinuous form.
I want ¡¡ drink . ./ l'n, m!!itling a drink. )(
Sorne vcrbs can be statc or aclion verbs, c.g. thinf..
I think this cily is beautiíul. (= this is m, opinion)
l'm thinking aboul whal In we.ir. (= decidingl
I KEY LANGUAG( 1
IKiJ Agreeing and disagreeing
So do l. Ncithcr do l. Do you( 1 don'!.
Don't )'OU? 1 do.
I VOCABULARY I
(yjJ Types of weather
blizzard, drought, fog. hurricane, ke, rain, !>nmv,
slorm, sun, wind
lviJ Weather adjectives
bright, clear, cloucly, cold, cool, dark, dry, fine, foggy,
hot, humid, mild, rainy, snowy, stormy, sunny. w,irm,
wel, wincly
(y!] Activities
horse rirling. mountain biking. scuba diving, sea
kayaking, skiing, snorkclling. snowboarding. trekking,
,1,-hite-watcr r,1íting. wildliíc w,ilching
IYiJ Modifiers
cxtremC'ly, quite, really, VCI)
 Extra practice
19] 1 Put the words in arder lo make sentences IKL f 5 Complete the conversation with phrases
(affirmative or negative) or questions. a-e.

1 snowboarding oítcn go I in wintcr al Do ,ou? ch OK. fino.

hl Don'! vou¡ el So do l.
2 no\ < old in wrv it i<; thc UK el No, ncither do l.

.,: Lors look al thcsc brochurcs and íind somcthlng for

3 pcople do whcn in skiing vour go countrv ! our summcr holida,.
R: 1_ hu! l don't want ,l heach holid.1, this vcar.
4 ,1 101 oí c1re in droughts Africa thcre '\: !._ 1 think an ,1ctivi1y holida, would he good, for
a changc.
5 btking likc you mcunta¡n do H: l_ but I don'! ltke water sports .
... : 4_ 1 do. Bu! rhere ,in.• othcr sports o o can look
6 countr, cbangcablc thc is vour wcather in ? al. 1 like thc idea of a horse-riding holidav.
u: ves. thars ,l good idea. \-\lhcrc can wc go horsc
7 \'OU ,;wimming do whcrc go riding?
·\: \\lt"'II, thorc JrL' holldavs herc in South Amerlca. hut
8 neccr the snows it jungle in l think that's a long \\.l)' for l\\o \\C'C'ki..
11: �- 1 don'! agrcc - thc flight,; are onh ohout ninc
hours to Brazil.
r-c2,3] 2 Choose the correct form. .,: Oh, OK thcn. Lct's look ,11 Socth Amcrka.
1 Thc wcothcr in thc UK chang,•:, / is dJ.Jngin¡;
lht•!,t• díl) s. IViJJ 6 Find adjectives and nouns in V1 and
2 Summcrs !{t'I / ,1fP g('tling hotter all thc ttmo. V2 to describe these types of weather or weather
conditions.
3 \\'t' somcnmcs h,ll'C' / .irc h,n in¡; 'mim-droughts'
in summcr. Adjectives
4 Thi,;; couses i� L,w,ing problcms e\el) vc,ir. 1 Ir isn't cold but it isn't \C'f\ hot. 1,,mn
5 \'\IC' can't water our g.,rrlf'n<; so a lot of thc pl.mts 2 lfs hot ,md C\Cí\lhing fcds quite ,,,et.
die ,m, d)ing. 3 You tan'! scc \l:'í\ ÍJr.
..J II isn't r,1ining. but ,ou c,111·1 Set' thc sun.
3 Look at the answers. Then write the questions
from these prompts in the present simple or presenl Nouns
continuous. 5 lt's vcn hot ami dr.; therC''s aln,o�I no r,1in.
1 livc I city or countrvsidc! 6 lt's ,er., \CI) \\inch.
7 11'� snm, ing and \Cf\ wind,.
I livc in thc <.il).
2 intcrcstcd in <.porte;?
im 7 Complete these lists with the acth,ities in
V3. (You can use the activities more than once.)
1 \Vedo thesc on or in ,,.11cr: �cuhJ di1 in&, ,
Ye,;, l'ru vcrv intcrestcd in tennis.
3 ,,ori.. hard / at the momcnt? --·--
2 Wc n('(>(! animals for thl"-t:' ,KIÍ\ itil><;: ,
3 \Ve do thcse ,Kti, ilies on ,;ncJ\\: --,
Yl'<., 1 arn. but 1 alwavs work h.irdl ..J \Ve do lh('S(' acti, ilies cm 1.md: , , ,
4 whcn I usuullv relax?
--·--·--
I USlJ,1 lly relax ,1! thc weekend. IY!] 8 Complete each statement with a modifier
in V4 andan adjective so that they are true for you.
5 thc wcathcr gocd I summcr I )"OUr countr\?
1 t think hnr,;c riding i� ft>J/1} rC'i,ninµ.
2 1 think mountain biking is .
'res. i1 is, but lt rains .1 lot in winter.
3 1 think <.cuba di\ ing i<. .
6 ra!n / ,,t thc moment?
..J l 1hink skiing ic; •
5 11hinl.. "ildlifc ,,.1ILhing is .
No, i!'s <.um,} at Ihe rnorncnt!

4 Write answers for you to the questions in

Excrcise 3.

Extra practicc @IJ§IIII 127

 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Wc were travetling lo Mcxico.
We weren't travelling to the Unitcd Statcs.
(G1 Past simple Were )'OU travelling by car?
Yes, we were. I No, wc weren't.
Use thc past simple to talk about actions and
struations that are finished. Time expressions
David and I trained for thc marathon tasi j ear. \Ve oítcn use time cxprcssions with thc p,1sl
Wc often sav whcn thc actlon happcncd. continuous, e.g. lhen, in+ ycar (in 1001), ilt + timl'
e.g. in(+ )'Car/month), on (+ day) or ,lt (+ time). (at 9.00), <11 tha1 lime.
The first modcrn Olympics werc in 1896. Wc \\ere living in NC'w York in 2005.
I watchcd a great documentary on Sunday. I GJ! Pasl simple and past continuous
Wc arrivcd al two o'clock.
Use thc past simple íor a finishcd action or series of
The past fnrm oí thc vcrb be is Wd.'l or were. actions in thc pasl.
Wc were herc last night. ThC' doorbdl rang so I put down my bool,.. and
I wasn't ,ll thc school this morning. answered thc <loor.
With othcr vcrhs, wc use just thc main vcrb in To talk alx,ut ,ln ,1dion in progrcss whcn another
.1ííirma1i,c past simple statcmcnts. Regular past simple shorter ,1ction h,1ppcned, use the past continuous
vcrbs add -ed to thc lnfinitivc. for thc adion in progrcss. Use thc pasl 'iimplc for
tra¡n - trained. watch -ovatched thc short ,1ction. This aclion can intC'rrupl or stop fhC'
Thc post simple vcrb docs not chango. i.c. it is thc longcr .iclion.
sarnc aftcr /, you, he, aw. it, wc• ancl lhC'). I was reading my book ,vhcn the doorbcll rang.
! Note thcsc spclling changes: Notice the diffcrC'llCC' hctwecn lh<"St' two 'i<.'nlcncc<;:
• Vcrbs cndlng in -e, add -d: die - died, livc - lived. He was speaking when !he phonc rang. f= He \,as
spe,1king. Toen the phone rang.)
• Verhs ending in consonont + -y, changc ·> to -ica:
He spoke when lhe phone rang. (= Toe phonc r,rng.
study studied, marry - manied.
Toen he spokC'.)
• Vorbs ending in vowel + conscnant. double thc
consonan! and add -ed: stop - stopped.
Many comrnon vcrbs in thc ras! simple are irregular.
I KEY LANGUAGE I
- im:-gular \-c>rb list, P,.1J;C 166 fRuJ Asking about peoplc
Use did 1o form past simple negativos and qvestions. \\lh,1t's hc/she like?
The race didn't start on lime.
What docs hc/shc look likc?
Did she win rhc london Mara1honr
What dOC'S hc/shc lil-..c?
Past simple' short answcrs use die/.
YC's, shc did. I No, she didn't. I Kl2 1
Describing people

Time cxpressions He sccms (honcst and shy).

Wc oftcn use time cxprcssions with thc past simple, Shc certainly isn'I 1ch,111y).
<'.g. ,1go, faq night (Wf'f'klmomh/re,1r), yf·�ff'rd,iy. Hc's (hard-working).
Wc moved to this house two years ago. She's gol (short brown hair).
(GiJ Past continuous He looks likc (th,11 ,1ctor).
She ,,.c,1rs (nicc clolh('<;J.
Use thc past contlnuocs to talk abour octlons in
progress al a time in the past. lle likcs {watching sport on TVI.
Shc was living in Berlín in thc 19905.
Fcrm thc past continuous with thc past íorm oí be+ I VOCABULARY I
thc -ing forrn oí tho rna¡n vcrb.
IY!] Personality adjectives
Subjcct be(+ nut) Vcrb + -ing
ch.itty, chccrful. clcvcr, confidcnt, crc,1ti\-C, dedicalt.-d.
I h- \he
+ 1

,ou \ \ l'
"
Tht•\
\\,h

\\ t'rv
\\orl...mg.
dctcrmined, friendly, hard-working. hclpful, honcst,
horribl<', in!-pira1ion.1I, J..ind, l,::izy, lnvely, miserable,
I il' �hl· nice, p,1tiC'nt, politc, proud, quict, rude, shy, soci.ihlt•,
1
,ou \\e !ht•\ " \\,hrl'1 11 ,l� not I

\H'rt<n'r 1\H'fl' 11ot• 'ilupid, lalentcd. unfriendly

be
' Subject
(v2l Time expressions
\ \ ,1, 1 h,· �he \\orl.ing{
\\('11..' \OU \\ o lhl'\ " ..iÍICT\\,mls, at first, .11 lhc momcnt, 1hcn, until

128 @ijffijfj Languege rcfcrcnce

 Extra practice
El] 1 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. [KO 5 Match three answers from a-i for each
1 M} morhcr lcavcd school whcn she was fourtcen. question.
2 Dici shc startcd a ncw job last vean 1 \Vhat's )Ollr frieml like?
3 \Vhen did you horn? 2 Wh,11 docs vour Iricnd look lil..e?
4 Last weekend mv brothcr marrved his gir!friend. 3 \Vhat docs your íricncl likc?
5 \ vo did nol hada lo! of moncy last vcar. a) Shc's short and shc's gol black hatr.
6 'Did thoy havc a good holiday?' 'YC'5, thcy had.' hl He 10\e� mounta¡n biking.
7 \ Ve cated a lot of pasta las! night. (.) Sho sccms roallv shy but she icn't.
8 Shc \\ cnt to univcrsity ,11 2006. d) Ju�! sitting around and watching TV.
e) He looks likc mv brothcr.
I G2J 2 Complete the questions in the past
continuous. Then write true answers for you. Use fl HC''s vcrv kind ,md paticnl.
full sentences if you can. gl Hc's quite good-looking.
1 � vou lfa\'C'llinp üravcl¡ lo thc class ,m hour h) \Vcll . <hr- ccrtainlv isn'I stupid!
ago? il ShC' likes cooking ,md catíng good food.
)í•s, / 11,1s 1,a/f.. mg a/ong 1/w high s!rff'I.
\t,15. /
lYI] 6 Match the parts of the words in A and B
f\'o, I domg 1111 homP11·orJ.. .
11.1�n't. / 11a$ to make adjectives. (You can use the parts in box B
2 ynu _ (sleepl at 1 1.00 las! night? more than once.)
A
3 \Vhat -rou _ (dnl at 8.00 ycsterday cvening! eneet creat fricnd hard hclp
inspiration lovc miscr soci lalcnl
4 _ vou _ (studrJ English this lime last vear?

B
5 \Vh;it clsc _ }'OU _ (studv: thcn! ,11 ful

6 Whcrc _ vou _ {!ive) ten years ago'

1
ablc

1 cheerful
«I I\C

6
" worktng

2 --�- 7
3 8
IG3J 3 Complete these scntences with the past 4 9
simple or past continuous of the verbs.
5 10
1 1 thavct dinncr las! nigh! whcn thc phonc
(ringl. 7 Use sorne oí the adjectives from Exercise b to

2 Wc tdo) sorne shcpping when wc describe these people.

(come) home írorn work. 1 Shc's ,1h,,1vs al worl.. ver\ c.irh and lcavc,s la1c.

3 S,1r,1h trun) in thc marathon when shc 2 He's ne,cr Vt'r) h,1pp).

(falll ond threak¡ her arm. 3 She plavs th<' gurlar and she\ \l'r\' good at it.
4 1 tmcctl m) hushand whi!c t (ski) in 4 He lo\CS going to parlics and hcing "ith pcopk�.
the Pvrcnees. 5 Shc's ,1lw.1,s prcpar<.'d lo do things for otht•r p<.'op[e.

5 He twrltet ,1 book whilc he (recovcr) 6 He makcs other ¡>e0ple want to lx• lil..t' him.
from an accidcnt.
im 8 Choosc the corred word or phrasc.
4 Write sentcnces from these prompts. l'm at univer<;il\, in m, SC'Cond ve.ir. ,1ml l11J,•n
1 tqbal srudv / al umvcr'iih I his slstcr I RCI marricd ,JI the mnmcnl l'm doing film studies. 1 <;l,irl<.'d ir
lqh,1/ 11,.a,; stud1 ing ,JI unil'f'r,it\ \\'hf'n his ,;ister got l,1st ve.u ancl. 2,11 fir:c./ 1111/il, 1 h,1lrd it! l lhou�ht
111,lffif'd. ahout changing my coursc. hui nw tutor asl...Cfl me
2 Maria/ ,,ork I thc supermarkct / shc I rcccfve her to ,,ait 1,,1tenh1rds until the cnd oí rhc first �car. 1
cxam rcsults dccidcd to follo,, his .id\ ice, so 1 \,aitcd, and 4then
al thf' momml in MJ), 1 look lhe cxams. '>¡\¡ fir.1
3 Sarn / cal I sorne nuts I his tooth I break Aftc•m,lfd,, J looked b,1ck al !he \'CM ,md dccided it
w,1sn't rcalh b.1d, so I dccidcd to continue \\ ith !he
4 Angel,1 / w,,i! / al thc statlon / she I find / S 100 rour<;e. Now, f'rn reall� enjm ing iL
Extra practice
@ltfflf@ 129
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
� Articles
Singular nouns and jobs
Use a/,in with a singular noun to mcntion somelhing
for thc first time.
He works for a TV company.
Use a/an also to talk about a pcrson's job.
Hc's a ncwsrcadcr.
Use an, not ,1, when the noun bcgins with a vowel
sound (a, e, i, o, u): an artist.
Bu! note thal sorne words that bcgin with lhc lellcr -h
take an and we do not sav the -h: an hour.
Wc usually say atan wüh the schwa sound /:,/: an
artisl.
People or things in general
Use no artidc wirh plural nouns, when they refcr to
peoplc or things in general.
Soap operas are boring.
Particular or known people and things
Use the with a singular noun to talk about a spccific
pcrson or thing. or onc wc alrcady know about.
The local newspaper docsn'I havc much ncws.
(= Therc's only one local newspaper.j
Pul thc flowcrs on the table. (=:e \Ve know which
lable.)
Use the with plural nouns to rcfer to particular or
known pcople or lhings.
I rcallv likc the photos in this magazine.
{= spec.ific photos)
The peoplc at lhc party werc alJ very friendly.
(= \Ve know which pcople.l
! Note the difference between general and spccific
use:
General = Soap operas are boring.
Specific = Bu\ the soap operas on Channel 4 are
quüe intercsring.
\'\'e usually say the with thc schwa /:,/: the joumalist,
but bcforc a vowc\, it is thc s\rong form /i:/: the anide.
First and second mention
Use a/an (\\ ith singular nouns) and no article (with
plural nouns) to talk about somerhmg for thc íirst
time.
He works for a n, company.
He produces documcntaries.
Use the whcn you mcntion the noun again. The
TV company is in thc centre oí london. The
documcntarics he produces are historical.
Articles with the media
Wc usually use the whcn wc talk about the media.
I hcard it on the radio.
r use the Internet eveiv day.
But note:
Did you scc that programme on TV las! nighl?
130 jij§jili language reference
! Ncws is a singular noun, nota plural noun.
Thc news about Bcckham was lmorcsttng . ./
Thc ncws about Beckharn were intercsting. X
� Rclative pronouns
Use which and that to rcfer lo things or ideas.
lt's thc programmc which/that stars Katie Holmcs.
Use who and that lo rcfcr to pcople.
She's the actress who/that marricd Tom Cruise.
Use rolativc pronouns to link pieces of information
about a person or lhing.
Marie Curie was a scicnnsr. She discovered radium.
= Maric Curie was thc scientist who discovercd
radium.
Thc information after the rclative pronoun oftcn
defines lhe subjcct.
A se,..rLh cnginc is a programme that finds
iníormalion.
A newsreader is a person who pr�nlS thc ncws on
the TV or radio.
! Do not rcpeat the subject afler a rcl,11ive pmnoun.
The pronoun is the subjcct
Bill Cates is the man who startcd Microsoft . ./
Bill Cates is the man h'ho h� slartecl Microsoft. X
I KEY LANGUAGE
IR[! Making suggestions
let's / lel'"s no! (talk about politics).
We should (have sorne music on thc show).
Whv don't we {invite sorne politicians)?
Whal alx,ut (intcrvic,.ving rich pcople / somcthing
on animals)?
What clse shatl we {do)?
Any idc,1s?
Anything else?
I VOCABULARY I
ffil TV and radio
chal show, comcdy, curren! aífairs programme,
documentary, drama, gamc show, nature programme,
news, presenter, producer, programme, rcality TV
shO\\, series, sitcom, soap opera, station, variety show
(V1l Newspapers and magazines
advert, anide, business, celebrity, clesign, íashion,
journalist, pop music
IBJ Computers and the Internet
computer game, email, media, search enginc, webcast
(Y1J Names for people and fields
art, artisl, journalism, journalist, photographcr,
photograph\•, politician, politics, psychologist,
psychology, sciencc, scicntist
 Extra practi ce
� 1 Complete these sentences with a/an, the IK(} 5 Complete these suggestions from the
orno article (write 0). prompts.
1 Do )'OU Ifkc _ computer g.iml's?
2 M, sistcr's _ [oumalist.
3 Thcrc's _ in1crcsting programrnc obour medicine
on TV tonight. _ programrne l.:rsts _ hour.
liianni"s Pizzas
Best pizzas in town!
4 whars thc name of _ prcsentcr of tha1 naturc
progrnrnmc on Wodncsdav cvcnings? Try our fantastic vegetarian pizza.
5 Do you know _ good ltaüan search cnginc?
6 That shop sclls _DVDs._ DVDs are quite old
,md \'Cí)' chcep.
7 1 don't usu.ill) like _ corncdlcs but t rcallv llkc
_ sttcom on 1\-lond,1ys al 8.00.
1 \Vh\ don't \\(' �-------? thavc I pizza!
8 M\ brothor prcsonts _ news progr.1mme. He g()(><.
2 Lct's . (lrv vegetarían pinal
to the s1udio .it (,_OQ ovcr, morning tu prepare for
_ programnlC'. 3 \Ve should . {go I Monrlay)

2 Choose the correct meaning. a or b, for each

senlence.
1 1 lovc \\iltc.hing soap operas.
a) 1 lovc all soap operas.
Ali facilities
b) 1 lm e onlv sorne scap operas.
• 25m swimmmg pool
2 l.tson lsn't hero. Hc's at thc cinema in town.
• gym wrth modern eqeipment
al \Ve know which clnorna. • aercbics and dance
b) \.Ve dun't know \\ hk.h cínerru. • Memberstup half-pnce thrs month
3 1 likc that rnagazlne. l think thc stortcs are
intcrcsting.
al l'rn lalking about ,111 storics. 4 \Vh\ don't wc ? igo lcisurc ccnlrcl
h) l'm tall..ing ahnu1 particular stortcs. 5 \Vhat about ?(gu S\\ immingl
-1 5UZ\ \,orl..s for a TV vtation. 6 \V(' should . (join / this rnonlhl
al Thc llstcncr knov s wluch statíon. 7 Lel's no! . (do .icrohicsl
bl Thc listcncr docsn't know which sta1ion.
IV1,2,3 I 6 Choose the correct words.
IG2] 3 Match the Lwo parts oí the sentences and 1 i\h sistt'r \\orb for ;i TV prog,,1mme / ,1,,tion.
write wholthat or which/that. 2 l'm intere<.ted in intern,1tional ,lÍÍ.lirs so I likc
1 A documentar, is a programmc wbich/tb,ll f ne,, sp..1pcrs ,, ilh scrious ,1d1 cm ,1r1idt·�.
2 A producer is a pcrson 3 This m..1g.1zinc has a lot oí inform,1tion ahoul
3 A sean.h enginc is ,1 ccmputer programme cclcbrities produce,,.
-1 A sitcom i<; ,1 corncdy series -1 1 lil..e ,1 �oocl stor. so I prefer to \,a1c·h
documentaries dranMs.
S A celebritv is a person
5 1 ler l.1sl job \\ as as a presPnter joum,1li�1 on ,1
6 A drama ic. a storv about things
rmlil\ TV show.
a) comlnucs a s1ol) eech \\CCk. 6 Thl' <.hildrcn IO\e anim,1ls � lhe, 1,,1tch lols o(
bt happen tu ordinan pcoplc. nature currC'n/ ,1fr�lir:. programmcs.
<..) is famous far appeartng on TV, c.g. a prescntcr. [YiJ 7 Complete these definilions with words
d) makcs programmc<;. from V,1.
el looks íor informatron on thc lntcrneL 1 A is somoone \\ ho dOC'S e,pcrimentc; to
understand thc \\orld.
O tell, wu fac:t, 111,oul the Ho1 Id.
2 is thc �tud\ of 1hc mind .md hcha\ iour.
4 Corree! the mistakes in these sentences. 3 ,I i<; somcone \\ho ,,orks in parli.:imenl.

1 Th,1t'<, thc woman ,, hich bought ll1} car.

4 is taking pictures 1, ilh J <.amera.
2 Richard Branson is thc porson who he started Virgin. 5 An i<; somcone th.il painlc; pktur("'<; and

3 tt's ,1 wcrd who rneans 'powcrfu!'. m,ikcs sculpturcs.

-1 1 bought a ncwspapcr that it had thc wholc storv. 6 is flnding out ,,bout thc nf'\1<. ,ind pr('C.('nling
5 lt was on thc programme what íollows thc news. it in nc\,spapers or on T\I.

Extra practkc 1@111 131

 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Use thc prcscnt perfect to talk about finished actions
or situations in an unfinished pcriod of time.
� Prescnt pcrfcct Toe surgoon has done four opcratlous so far today.
(= thc opcratlons are finished but the time pcriod-.
Wc use the prcscnt perfect lo talk about cxpcricnces today - isn't.l
in thc past. Wc usually don'! say whcn wc had thc
Common adverbs with this use of thc presenl perfect
cxpertence. are 1oday, thi<, WC'C'k/monthly<',lf, �o f,1r, ta dare, in the
Wc've trained hundrcds of nurscs. la�t hour!wrek/ye,1r.
They've built a ncw clinic.
Whcn thc time period is finishcd, we use thc p.?st
Form thc prcscnt pcrfcct with have + the past parlicipfc simple.
of thc ma in vcrb. The surgeon did four opcrations ycsterday.
Subject havc (+ no!) Past Use the prcsent pcrfcct to talk about cxperiences in
participle our lives, l>CCausc 'in my lifc' is an unfinishcd pcriod
+ 1/You/We/lh�· 've (havel of time. Note the diffcrence bctwccn:
's (hJ!t) workcd. Agalha Christic wrote a lot of crimc novcls. (Shc is
He/ Shc / lt
dead = past simple)
- 1 You \\lc/Thcy havcn't thavc not)
P D James has writtcn a lot of crimP novels. {ShC' i,;
llC'1ShdU hasn't !h,1s not)
still alivc = prescnt pcrfcct)
! havc + subject
� Present perfect with for and since
(cvcr)
I t,l\'C I / Wl' I you / 1hcy
workerl ... ? U,;e lhc prt>scnt perfcct with (or and since with state
11,1� he/ shc I lt
vcrbs (e.g. b(,, hav<", know) to lalk about situations that
Regular past participlcs are thc samc as the past simple bcgan in the past and are still continuing.
form of thc vcrb. l.c. add ·ed to the infinitive. My brothcr has had high blood pressure far years.
l've visiled a lot oí countrles. l've been in a bad mood ,111 day!
She hasn't recovered from her illncss. Use (orto givc a pcriod of lime.
Has the surgeon finished the operation? Wc've had thc samc Fnglish lcachcr for two years.
Many common vcrbs are irregular: IX>- was/were Use since lo say whcn the siluation began.
go - Wf'nl - gont•, 1\ mo - wrolc - writtcn,
- bt>en, l'vc known my girlfricnd since March 2004.
drive - drove - driven.

! Note the diffcrcncc bctwccn Jxv,n and gonc:

- irregular verb list, page 16&
I KEY LANGUAGE I
l've been to France. (= l'vc gone to Franco and l'vc (Rill Giving advice
come backj You should (go to lhe optician's).
He's gone lo Fr,mcc. {= Hc's gonc and he is still in
You shouldn't (drink coffee at night).
Franco at the momcnt.)
Wc oftcn ask questions in the present perfect with I KL2 I Giving reasons
11.Jve }'OU ever ... ? to ask ahout cxpNiC'nC""C'S. (You should cat garlic) because it fights colds.
Have you ever bccn to Japan? (You should do cxcrcisc) in arder to lose wcight.
Havc you cvcr staycd in a really good hotel? (You should eat a lot of fruit) to stay hcalthy.
Prcscnt pcrícct sbon answcrs use have/haven't. (You should go to hed earlyl so that you havc
YC!ó, 1 have. / No, 1 haven't. cnough slccp.
IG21 Present perfect and pasl simple
We use the present pcrícct whcn wc do nol givc (or I VOCABULARY!
do not know) the cxact time we die! somcthing. Wc
use thc past simple when we glve (or know) thc cxact
(yIJ Health and wellbeing
time wc did somcthing. clin1c, dcnlbt, dc1.m.".!>siun, di�a�c, dut.tur, hcalth
Hc's travelled 10 J lot oí diíferent countrics. insurance, hcart discasc, high blood pressure, illness,
In 1990, he travelled around thc world. injury, insomnia, lack oí motivalion, loc.il doctor,
We afien start asking qucstions aboul a person's medicine, nurse, operalion, poor conccntration, peor
expericnccs in thc prcsont pcrfcct, hui then use the mcmory, prevenl, prívate hospital, statC' hospital,
past simple to ask for more dctails. surgeon, surgery, trC'atmcnt
Have you ever been to thc UnitC'd SfJtC",? IY1] Food and nulrition
- Yes, t have.
carbohydratc, junk food, malnutrition, nuts, salmon,
Whcn did you go therc?
seccls, vitamins
- Two year. ago.

132 @IJ§JII@ language rcfcrence

 Extra practice
IG1 1 Complete the text with the presenl perfect [KL 1,:fl 4 Complete the advicc far these
of the verbs in the box. problems. Use should/shouldn't and a way oí giving
a reason from Kl2.
be (>.21 not irnish go cmplov save
SliHI tcach tra¡n not v isit
t'vc had aboul three colds this winler - l'm
Our rncdlcal organisaticn carne to Bangladesh tbrcc gelling re<1lly (('(/ up with it!
yc,1r!:. ago and I r hcrc vinco thc hcginning. \Ve

'-- about 80 mcn and worncn to hccomc nurscs.

and 1h<.•) i ro d1fft'rcnt parts uf thc countr. "º 1 You � takc vttamin C !Q kcep vour immunc
that thev can hclp pcoplc. \ Ve 4 J numhcr oí
svstcm hcahhv.
r'octors .111d 111.1n.1gcr,;, too. and togclher thev
2 You closc all rhc \\ indows \tlll rued
'-- smallcr cliniLs in othcr parts oí thc tuun!r).
fresh air.
\'Ve• ccr1.1inh 1. .11J our \H)r).. hcre. Ibcrc are a

lot of small tov, ns and vülagcs th,11 wc - but l'm

1
surc \\I:' n ,1 lot oí llvcs. 11 1 a wondcrful l'm slUdying ,md I etso do a pan-ümo job
cxpcdcncc so f.ir and it Hl me a lot of nc,, in a rest,wranf. I gel up real/y (•ar/y fo study,
1hing�! bu/ / don't go /O Jx,c/ until aboul 1 .00 in /he
morning. / a/n:cl)') fet.'/ realf} /,rNÍ.
IG2] 2 Choose the corree! form.
1 ! 1 i,i1ec/ / h,11e11'.,ited ,1 lor of countrics in Asia.

2 l os vcar 1 wí•111 h,1H, lx'Pn to Chin,1.

3 Yuu \\ ork so l,1tc , ou nc.>ed vour sk'(. 'P·
3 Thc govcrnmcnt built I h,h lwilc ten ncw hospitals
in thc lu�t fivc )C.Jr�.
4 You ,;;pc,1k tu }Ollr tutors thc,

undcr�land vour prohlcm.

4 Did I cu c•1 er l l,11 e } ou ('I vr
bccn 10 thc USA?
5 M) mot her phont>CÍ / h.i:. phont1d me cvor, wcck
whcn I worked in London. I sil ,11 my des/... far hours e1 ery d.iy. Now I
6 J,1\..e dicfn't see h,1�n't <een me vcstcrdac. find 1hat my bac/... hurts nearly al/ the time.
7 J didn't íirw-h I h,nen't ñnisbcd mv essav l,1,;;t nighl.
8 1 wrorc / h,11t• 11rirwn about í,000 wcrds on thc 5 You sl.J.\ in thc s.1111C' po�ition u\ \our des!,.
e-scv SO far.
\our lxxh nceds to 1110\C.
IG3] 3 Complete thesc sentences with a verb in 6 You gct up und strctch c1 cr. 10 minute'�
the present perfect and for or since with one of the rcdu<r !he len,;iun in ,our h,1d..
phrases in the box.
5 Can you think oí another piece oí advice for
ñvc dd\ � four }'e,w, 1 got up each person�
two }e.Ir� ten 1t:11r� 198[

1 lncs bccarnc a doctor in 1998. lt's 1101\ 2008.

Shc's beon ,1 doctor far /1:.'n ve,1r�.
2 1 got ,1 cole! on Sundav. lt's nowThursd,l\.
l\c l�·�"�---------------- I.YiJJ 6 Find the following people, places or
3 Alicc me! her hucb.md in 1981. health problems frum V1 and V2.
AlicchH ÁIIOL\17 1 a pcrson \dm pcrforms opC'ration<;
4 Mark got manicd two vcars ,1go. 2 thc rl>sult oí nol c,1ting cnough
Mark _
3 a prohlcm \\ ith �rcepinA
5 \'Vc hought this housc in 200-1. lt's now 200fl. -1 thc pl,1u• wherc )OU u,;;ualh- <;t.'C )OUr doctor
Wc _
5 the pcr,;;on \\ ho looks ;11tcr \ our lecth
6 This toothm hc startcd whcn I got up at 8.JO. 6 a phric.al prohlcm. afien lht• rC'!-uh of an acc.idrnt
'--------------- 7 \\hcn you iC'C'I ,;,1d ,111 the lime
8 a medical building \\here ,ou ,ta\. ,rncf pa, 1or
,our rre,ltmcnt
9 ,dwn \ou don't l\,1111 to do am!hing
10 ,, hcn rou can'! rememhcr things ver. IH..'11

Extra practice lfMfii

133
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR Vle use a lol o( with both countable and uncountablc
nouns.
� Comparative and superlative adjectives A lot oí animals are in dangcr bccause thcrc isn'l a
lot oí food lcft for lhcm.
Use comparative and supcrlauvc adjcctivcs to make
comparisons between pcople or rhlngs. Comparatlve We use many in both affirmativc and ncgati\e
adjcctivcs compare one person/1hing with another. statcments, but we use much in ncgativc statemenls
Thc Apcnninc Mountaim, in llaly are quite high. The only.
Carpathians in Romania are higher. There are many grey sc¡uirrcls in thc UK but there
aren't many red squirrcls now.
We usually makc comparisons with than.
There isn't much damagc to thc environmen1 hcrc.
The Carpathians are higher than thc Apennincs.
Supcrlativc adjcctivcs compare one pcrson/thing with
! 11 is quite formal to use m,iny in affirmative
scntcnces. In informal English wc use ,1 loto(.
severa! other people/things (more than two). Use !he I havc a lot of squirrels in my g,1rdcn.
befare thc supcrletivc adjective.
The Alps are the highest mountains in Europe.
Use (ew and litt/e in affirmative statcmcnts to lalk
about small quanlitics and amounts. Thcy mean 'nol
Note thc diffcrcnt ways oí forming thc comparauvc many I no! much'. Use few with countablc plural
and supcrlativc adjectivcs: nuuns and li1tle wilh uncountable nouns.
Adjeclive Comparative Superlative There are few tigers in the world.
urn_....,� llablc adj('( liVt."'ó chcap ebcapcr cbccpest Thcrc's little hope for sorne anima Is.
• onding in -f' �trangP <.lr,mger qr,ingest We do not usually use (ew and liltlc with qucstions and
• ending in --\ de drier driest ncgativc stalements. We use not many / nol much.
• cndtng in vowcl , fl.it tlatter ñauest
corsorunr
We haven't gol many lrees in !he garden.
Is there much rain in thc dC'SCrt?
mosl l\\o-,;} llablc rc•.uC'lul more pcocotul mosl
,ldJL,._li\'L'lt pcocctul ! Remcmbcr thal we can use (not) a lot of inslead of
• l"llding in·\ pn'lt\ prl'ltier prcnesr much, many, few and fil/le.
• cndtng in -<JI\ fl,lff()\\ narr(l\\ er fl¡'Jff()\\ est I haven't gol much money. / I haven'I got a lot of
• l·nding m-cv ck-cor clcvcrer cloverest
money.
,lcfjt'< 1 i\ ('S OÍ thrce ()( popul,1r more popul,1r most
mon• ,;\ 1l.1hles
m\ -ronocs more
m,-.teriou�
popular
most
!ll't�IC'l"iou,;
I KEY LANGUAGE J

IITI.'gUl,1r ,lCljcc11,l"' good bcttee lx...;1 IK!J Describing photographs

"'"
far
worce
iarthN" furdx'f
\\01',\
fartht_><;t¡
furtheo,I
In lhc photograph, sorne pcople are watching ...
In thc first/S<.'COnd photograph, a man is showing ...
Thcre are (a lot of 1:,coplc} in thc background.
� less/least On lht! right/lcfl of thc picture, {somconc is walking ... )
Adding -erl-est or more toan adjcctive makcs the In !he middle ...
adiective slronger. lf wc wanl to makc thc adiectivc lhcy look (vcry profcssional).
weaker, wc use /ess/lc>,1st. Thc comparativo form is
íess.
London is less beautiful than Paris. (= Paris is more I VOCABULARY I
bcautiful than London.) IYIJ Landscapes
The superlativo form is the leas/. be.ich, cliff, co..1st, forcst, hill, island, lagoon, lakc,
Alaska is the least populated state in thc Unitcd mountain, river, rock, s..1nd, sea, w,wc
Statcs. (= All the othcr statos are more populatcd.)
Use less ancl toest with all adrectives: it docsn't mattcr (m Animals
how man) syllablcs the adjeclivc has. crab, deer, clcphant, giraffe, gorilla, hcdgchog, Jeopard,
The Allantic Occan is less calm than the monkey, pancfa, rabbit, snail, squirrel, liger
Mediterrancan. IY1] Wnrds that are nouns and vPrhs
This lake is the least impressive, 1 think.
cause, damagc, harm, hope, planl, ship, shop
IG3I Expressions oí quantity I@ Contrast
Use .1 loto(. many and much to talk about large
hui, in contras!, whercas
quantitics and amounts. Wc use many with countable
plural nouns and much with uncountablc nouns.
Many animals are in danger because therc isn't
much food íor them.

134 i!#ld Language refcrcnce

 g
'

Extra practi ce
19] 1 Complete thcse sentences with the IG31 4 Cross out the incorrect words.
comparative or super/ative íorm oí the adjeclives. 1 Mclll} / Much / A fot of animals are in dangcr oí

1 Samlr.r i,; girl in thc cless. (clcvcr) oxttuctlon.

2 Paris is Sydney. trorrmntic) 2 \Ve don'I h,ll<' mue/,/ cicn't liavo m,lll>' / h,iw littlL'

3 Thc Can.uv lslands are othcr places in Spain. hope for thcsc animals.
üroplcaü 3 Thcrc is fcw / fi11f(, / 1101 muc_h snow in this par! of

4 Thc wav to sce thc counlrvside rs 10 go the country

tn-kklng. (good) 4 \1\/c havcn't got rnucíi I m,1ny / a fol oi tlmo lo savc
5 Tlu- pollution in Bangkok is in London. (had) thc planct!

6 Mostow ¡., clty in thc world ,11 thc momcnt. 5 Therc's 1101 much / lillfr• I {f'IV llfc on this isfand.
tcxpcnsivej 6 Thcre are no/ m,l/J}' ! tinte / fe11 tiger., in thc wurld.

2 Wrile a) a comparalive and b) a superlative
sentence about each set of figures.
1 Lcwis175cm/Kcvin185cm/Jason 166cm(lall)
al l,1<;011 / l cwis LP1vis ,� ----------
b¡ ------------- thl' l,11/e.>I 6oy.
IR!J 5 Correct the mistakcs in lhese sentcnces.
1 1 can seo mountaíns JI thc background,
2 In this photo, a 111.111 waits al a bus stop.
3 On right oí thc ptcturc thcrc's .i rivrr.
4 Thc pcoplc all talk about something.

2 Lakc Eric 19m I Lake Ontario 86m I Lakc Superior

5 In sccond photograph. ,1 woman is ¡;oing into ,l shop.
147m (dcep) 6 On thc lcít on rho phoro thcrc's a sport, e.ar.
7 lt look.., llkc vcry fast.
,11 Lakc Ontarlo / L,1J...1._• Erk-
---------
IY11] 6 Cirde the odd onc out in each group.
h) _
1 squirrel I hcdgchog I n,1i I r.1hbit
2 sea I forest I rivcr / lake
3 a Porschc [1.5,000 I a Hyundai fl 8,000 I a Smart 3 bcach I c:o.1�1 / hill / s;ind
car í7,UOO (cxpcnsivc) 4 la¡:¡,oon / l.1ke I river I rock
,ll ,1 Smar1 car I a Hyundai --------- 5 moun!ain I hill / w,wc / co,151
6 n,1b I gir.ifíc I gorilla / monkcy
hl _
IV3] 7 Use the words in VJ to complete these
questions. Changc lhc form if necessary.
I G2 3 Rcwrlte these sentences so that they mean 1 What problerm cines thc world Í<H.e? Wh.il ,Hl' lhc
the same. Use fess or fc,1s1. of thcst' prohlcms?

1 Nottmghom is more dangcrous than Oxford. 2 Wh,11 do you todo in 1hc futurc?

Oxford 1s --------------- 3 Do you havt' an)' housc f l l.ivt> you got

2 lundon is more cxpcnsivc th,111 Ncw York. ¡:¡,rccn í1 ngcrs?
NL·w Yorl.. i:. -------------- -1 ln wh.11 way-. doc,; junk food your hcalth?

3 Ali thc othor lokcs are more lrnprcsslvc 1h.111 5 Do you h.ivf' a f,wourilc 1.lo1hc� or nwsk I
1hi-. onc. 6 11,wc you C'V<'r s,1ilcd on a l.1rgt' I
This lakc is
--------------- 7 Wlwrc do you for most uf your food?
4 Carnee is more mvstcrfous than Stcnchongc. 8 H,wc you cvcr ,llly big ilt'rl1!> 10 ,lnother
Stonchcngo is _
cmmrry?
5 "lbc nonh of Franco is flaucr th.m thc south.

The south ---------------

8 Work wilh a partner. Ask and answcr Lhe
6 Ali thc othcr Crcck islands are more popular th,111 qucstions in Exercise 7.
lhi-. nno. IV4] 9 Add comruas if neccssary to thcsc scnlenccs.
This island i<,
--------------
7 Thc Mcditerr.1r1t•,in ¡,. calmcr th,111 ihc A!l,1ntk.
1 likt• thc sc,1 hut I don't like mounl,1in-..
1
2 My sislcr-. ali h,wc brown evcs. In tontr,1st rny t')'t'�
Thl:' Atlantit is------------- .,re.• bluc.
8 Al1 othcr sponv are more excitfng than cricket.
3 R('d sqt1irrcls rnmC' from tlll' UK wlll'rt'.l<; grc\
Cricket is---------------
 squirrl'I� cornt' frnm Nor1h AmniGt.
4 Madrid is Vel)' hol in �umrncr hui Vl.'I)' cok! in wintcr.

l:xtra prac1ice 11$1111

135
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR IC2[ First conditional
Use rhe first conditional to talk ,1bou1 thc result of a
� wi/1, mighl and may for predictions possiblc future action.
Use 1v1// ('11), won't (,vil/ not), might (not) and may Possible future action Result
(notJ to makc prcdicrions. i.c. to sny what wc think lf I get a bctter job, we'll have more money.
about thc future. Jf I don'! gct a hcttcr job, wc won't havc a holiday.

Pooplc will retire later in thc futurc. Note the formation of !he first cnnditional:
TI1ey won't have big families.
We rnight use thc Internet for a lot more things. /(-dause (condition), Main clause (resull)
I! may not be good for business. Ji+ pre«('n! simpf<•, 11 i/1 won't + inflnitiH•
Use contractions 'ff, won't and mightn't for spcaking lf you go to univ<'rsit}, )Ol1'1I find .1 good job.
ami informal English. lf }OU don't go lo unhn�,t�. )tlU won't get .i ciu,11ifk.11inn.
Wc'll live longcr in thc futurc bccause thcre'II be
hcttcr medicine.
! Wc usually pul a comma after the if-dause. We can
pul the main clause first. lf wc do this, wc don't use
Thcrc won't be rnany scrious illncsses.
a comrna.
Bu\ wc n1ightn't find a cure for ccnccr.
You'II find a goocl job if you go to univcrsily.
! Wf> do no! uce thc contracuon m,1yn't; wc use may
We c�111 also use might ami may in the main clausc.
nol instcad.
Then the action in thc main clause is less cert,1in than
I mttyntt-be al work tornorrow. X
when we use will.
I may nol be at work tornorrow. ./
lf I gel a good dcgmc, 1 might apply to work far
Wc oftcn use l think / f don'/ thinJ.. to lntroducc a Microsoft. (= l'm not sure about this.)
prcdiction:
I think there'II be problcrns with pcnsions in the
future. I KEY LANGUAGE I
We often say I don't think + ,vil/ instead oí f thinJ. +
will nnt.
IRfil Expressing opinions
Pcrsona!ly, l think {that) ...
I don't think the governmen1 will have thc money
What I think is that .
for pensions.
I think it's (better if )
Wc use wi/1 whcn wc are more ccrtain about the
future. Wc use might or may whcn wc are less certain. Why not jusi (turn the TV off)?
Oldcr pcople will work for longcr in thc future. and I KL2] Expressing agreement/disagreement
young adults might slart working later.
r agrcc with (hirn/her).
! Might is more common then mclY to makc I understand his/hcr opinion, but ...
prcdictions, cspccially in informal English.
Pcrsonally, J comple1cly dis.,grt'C.
We usually use wi// whcn wc ask for prcdictions ahoul
Tha1's a gO<XVintercsting idea/point, but ...
thc futuro. no! mighl or m,1y, and wc oftcn star1 with
Do you thin/.. ... ?
Do you think we will hve longcr in thc future? I VOCABULARY I
Will pcoplc have cars in thc futurc¡
Wh,1! do you think thc Iuturc will be likc?
IYI] Ages
adolcsccnt, adull, child, clderly, middlc-agc<l, rctircd,
Advcrbs of certainty
tecr1,1gcr, thirty-somelhing
Wc oftcn use advcrbs with will/won'I for prcdictions,
to say how ccrtaln wc are. In afflrmauvc scntcnccs we IV2 I Negative adjectives
usu,,IJy pu! thc advcrb after wtlt; in negativo sentcnces carclcss, hopcless, uncomfort<1ble, unhappy, unkind,
we pul i! befare wun'/. unlucky, unusu,,I, uselcss
We definitely won't use petrel in thc future.
Wc'IJ probably use a biological Iucl. IV3 I Population
Thc advorbs dc-finirf'ly and cer1,1inly mean wc are very bir!h rafe, childcarc, employcr, graduc11c,
certain; thc advcrbs proh.1bly and ¡:x,�sibly mean we old-fashionC<I, rcsponsible, �uilt1blc
are loss ccrta!n.
Pcoplc will certainly have smallcr familit'S in thc
IV41 Unkers
fururc, so thcy probably won't live in blg houscs. ,1s, lx.'(,ausc of, however, so
! Wc don't use thcse advcrbs with might or m,J}.

136 @@§iil tanguagc refercnce

 Extra practice
� 1 Correcl the mistakes in these sentences. IKL1,2I 5 Complete the conversatton with a-f.

1 think pcoplc might !olive longcr in thc future.

1 ,ll t agrC'C' ,, ith di Persooallj. l think
2 Doctore won't deíinitelv íind cures for a lot of
bt 1 think lt's bcttcr C') That's a good polnt.
dtscascs.
el I undcrsrand her ideo. Í) what l think is that
3 1\,\ay pcoplc retire latcr in twcntv vears' time?

4 Pcoplc mavn't takc holfdavs J long w.1y irom home. ,,: 1 saw Jo and Steve eariier. Thc, 're looking for SOmC'
5 wc won't to fly as muchas now. cblldc.rrc for Amv so that Jo cango back to work.
6 Fanuücs might probablv get srnallcr. u: Childcarci 1 if thc mothcr stavs at home.
7 Deíinitcly I will retire when l'm 60. ,: Rcallv, M.111! Jo'c; gol ,1 good job. ! that women
8 Thc numhcr of students ,11 unlvcrsitv \\ ill Incrcascs. ncecl tu �el b,1tk lo work.
R: l�- vou - if lhcy nt.-'(_'CI the monC'y, but Jo ami Stevc
2 Rewrite these sentences without changing the don'! neccl thc moncy.
meaning. Use the phrases in the box. A: Wcll. -i it's b!'tter whcn roung childrcn can pl.ty
with othcr childrcn in thildcarc.
pmb.thlv wcn'r rnight ·11 definitclv
B: "i but ma}'IX' ior a couple of hours.., cl,iv. nol a11
dcñnitclv won't '11 probably th!' timC' .

1 J'm 100% ccrta¡n thot wc will íind a bcttcr fucl .,: Mmm. Jo íecls tlltll if shc finds chilclt,He, c;ht•'II ha,c
than petral. the choice oi working or not, ,ln}'\\a\.
VI/e ������������������ u: (, hut I think she'II gn hack lo \\orl,..
2 l'm ,1ln10s1 surc that we'II gct our ncws onlv frorn ,,: Yes, so do l.
thc Internet.
IW 6 Find words in V1 for these peoplc.
1 somronc who is ovcr aboul 60 ,md do<..... n'I \\url,.
3 l'm 1101 surc if couplcs will divnrcc more.
Jn}'morc
2 ,1 young pcrson h<.'I\\ C'C'n 11 and 1 9
4 1 don't thinls humons will go back to the Moon.
3 somconc b!'I\H.'Cn .,bout 1S ,1nd 60
4 a pcrson nvcr !he .igc oí ,1bout 20
5 t'm lOO"n certa¡n we won't hove more lcisurc time!
5 a , cry , oung person
6 an olcl person (a JX>litC' adje<.ti\t•l
IG2] 3 Match the two halves of these first 7 ,1 young pcrM.>n who is no longcr definition 5 hut not
conditional sentences. )CI deiinition 4
1 lf pcoplc livc longcr,
V2 7 Complete these sentences with a negative
2 \Ve migh! sec thc late film tonight adjective from V2.
3 lf more studcnts go to unlvcrsltv, 1 M)' hrothcr is \C'')' so he m,1kcs .:i 101 of
4 lf parcnts don'! earn rnuch rnoncv, mist,1k('<;.
5 \Ve' 11 nccd .1 hig:grr houso 2 His iather \\as \Cr. .ind trc,1ted him badl,.

,1l they won't be ablc to .uford childcarc. 3 M,1ria's \Cí) \)('("',1usr her l.x1� frit•nd has gcme
.l\\,l\,
bJ thcv rnight gct more diseeses when thcc 're oidor. 4 r ncver ,,in ,mv c.ompetitions- l'm \t.•r. �-.
L 1 if \H' ha\t' more thildrcn.
5 lt's a ,el) film - rou\e nt•,er <;C(•n am thing
dl if the thildrcn go to bod car!v. lil,.e it!

t'l thcv nught 1101 ali find good job-, vhcn tht'y lcave. 6 1 c,m't do this hrn11c,,ork. t'm

4 Complete these íirst conditional sentences
so that they are true far you. Then compare your
sentences wilh a partner.
1 lf thc class íinishes .1 hit early 10<!.1}', .
2 lf thc wcathcrs good ,11 the weekend. .
3 Jf I haw sorne sp,1r(• money at thc cnd oí thc
month, ...
4 lf I gl.'! J goodlhcttcr job, ...
5 lf I carn a lot of moncy in thc futuro. ...
6 lf I retire carlv. ...
IV3,4 j 8 Choose the correct words.
1 Kcir,1 c,m't go out thh, e,ening ,1, / bt•c ,lll'it-' 01 c;hc
nC'C'ds to iini'-h her I li'-lor. t"-"ª)·
2 1 don'! think Chris is •uit,1hfl• I f('(pon,ih/(' to bl' ,1
tC'achcr - hl' isn't ,el) p,llient.
3 Thc ;;idvC'rl s,1� <; lhl'\ onl\ \\,líll t>mplm n,
w,idu,it¡,,, \,ho ll'ÍI uniH•rsih l,1.,1 \l',lr.
4 1 h,1te housc\,ork, :>(J ho\\/,'\f'r I don't olll'n do it.
5 lt's difficult to find l,irth r.111:.• e hile/e ,m• in this UI).
6 Alan.i sludil'd \CI) h.1rd ,1, ,o shl' pa�S('(/ her c�,líll!>.
Extra practice ll§jtii 13i
!
y Language reference
I GRAMMAR
� Obligation
must and musrn't
Use must to say that it is necessary to do something.
You must switch your phonc off during thc lcsson.
Thc nogative mustn't means that it is ncccssary NOT
to do somcthing.
\Ve mustn't bring food or drink inlo thc classroom.
You musln't take ;mylhing from the crime scene.
Must is a modal vcrb. Wc use modal vcrbs with othcr
vcrbs lo talk about obligation, ability, possibility etc.
Must cxprcsscs obligation.
A modal verb afways comes before an iníinitive
without to.
I must phone my rnother this cvcning.
Thc form must does not changc aítcr he!shelit.
James mus! visit his f.imilv this weekend.
Form qucstions with modal verbs b) putting thc vcrb
beíore thc subjcct oí thc qucsüon.
What time must we get the bus!
(don't) have to
\Ve can also use h,we lo I has to to say that lt is
necessary to do somcthing.
Forcnsic scientists have to be very careful in their
work.
Toe negativo don't have to/ doesn't have to mcans
that il is NOT neccssary to do something.
You don't have to study law to be a scientisL
lt b posstble to use must to ask a qucsuon, hui we
oftcn prcfcr do/does ... heve to ... ?
Must I sign thc form loo?
Do you have to leave now?
Does he have to analyse thc cvidcncc?
must and have to
Must and have to have very similar meanings. Thcy
both mean somcthing is necessary,
Wc usually use mus/ whcn wc bclfcvc that something
is importan! (il is our opinion).
I musl gel up carly tomorrow.
Wc usually use have to lo talk about rules and laws
(i.e. someone else lhinks it is importan!).
\Ve have to gel ,1 vis.1 to visit thc Unitcd Slatcs.
! Rem('mbcr that thc negativc of musl (mustn't) and
h,1\'€'to (don't/doesn't ha\'€' to) are vcry diffcrent.
You mustn'I use your mobilc phone in !he cinema.
(= it is not allowcd)
You don't have to use )'Our mobile phone - use my
officc phonc. (= it is not ncccssary)
138 @@§ild lan�ua�e reference
I G2j had to and could
Musl does not havc a past form. To talk about
something that was necessary in the past, U'-C had to.
ThC' doctors had to operate to seve his life.
In negative statcmcnts, to say that somclhing was nol
ncccssary, use didn't have to.
\\'e dldn't have to pay for the tickets- they were
free.
Use did ... hcn e to ... ? 10 ask if something was
ncccss.uy.
Did you have to wear a uniform to school?
Use thc modal vcrb cou/d to talk aboul abilil) in thc
pasr.
I could run fas! when I was youngcr.
Wc use couldn 't to say that wc wcrc not ablc to do
sornething or rhat il was not possíble.
I couldn't finish the book - it was rcally dillicult.
\.Ve couldn't study astronomy al our university.
Use coufd ... ? to ask about ability in the past.
Could you understand that lccture on physks
yestcrday?
I KEY LANGUAGE I
IRiJ Developing an argument
This caused a rcvolution in knowlcdgc.
II meant that ideas could sprcad.
lt led to educalion for evcryonc.
lt's connected to the production of books.
... so pcople had to learn to rea d.
This means that society is more titcrate.
I VOCABULARY I
IY1J Subjects
Astronomy, Biology, Chemislry, Economics, Histot'),
Mathematics, Medicine, Physics
l.mCrime
analyse, analysis, analyst, burglarv, commil, crimc,
discover, DNA, cvidcnce, fingcrprints, invesligator,
reveal, scene, solvc (a crime)
IVJ I Nouns, adjectives and verbs with prepositions
afraid oí, belong to, connected to, happen to, history
oí, intcrcstcd in, lcad to, proud oí, receivc from,
relationship wilh, scparatc from, spcnd (moncy) on,
succe>ssful in, thanks to
 Extra practi ce
'º1] 1 Complete these sentences about what IEIJ 4 Complete the text with the phrases in
police officers havc to da, don't have to do and the box.
mustn't do.
1 <.auscs <;0 T11is h.,� lcd T11ir; mcans I
1 Thcv h,H't' /o <uri,c on time to work cvcrv dac.
2 Thc, he rudo lo thc pubtic.
Wc'vc had a lot of trouble in our town rcccntly. A
3 Thc, wear a uniíorm.
Íe\'V months ago, one of thc blggcst supcrmarkct
4 Thc, be VCI) carcful when rhcv'rc al .1
companics in the country opcned a hugc shop in the
crimc sccnc. centre of thc town. 1 10 all kinds oí problcms:
5 Thov damagc thc e, idcnce.
<maller <;l,op<; havo r-losed 2 thcrc isn't a choice
6 Thcv stuct,., scicuco. of shops anymore, ancla lot of peoplc come from
2 Choose the correct verbs. villages around rhc town to shop al thc supermarkct.
1 'IOU mu:o.tn'/ / don'/ h.11e lo stuch l,1,, to he .1 J thal thcrc are a lot more cars on thc road,
torcnvic sclcm¡st. which ""-- a lot more noisc in thc town.
2 1 mu,;/ mu�ln'I spend sorne time with m, parcnrs.
I haven't secn thcm íor agcs. IYI] 5 Find words in V1 fot these definitions.
3 \\'e nw,;/n'/ / h,n'f' lo commil nimes- it's against 1 thc study of living thmgs
thc l.1,,. 2 thc study oí thc past
-1 You mu;;/ don't h,n'<' to turn off )'nur nmhik• 3 thc <;tudy of illncsscs ami injuries
phonc in cla« so th,u i! docsn'r interrupl the lcsson. 4 thc study oí the q;ir._ and planets
5 \\'e mu-m't h,nc to havc ;i pavport lo travcl 5 thc study oí natur,11 forces, <'-R light ancl movcmcnl
outsidc the Ut.... 6 thc worl.. oí chcmical� and hm, !he, <.hangc ami
6 1 mu(t don'r h.1,t• to join thc gvm again- m� t omhinc
membcrsh¡p h,1<; run out. 7 the <;cicnn.• oí numhcr,;; and .;;l,,1pc<.
7 vou h,11 (' to don 't h,n e lo <.hc1.J, your cssav <: 8 1hc <;1ml, oí 1he produ,tion ;rnd U'-í" oí mon<'\
ccrctullv ,, hcn � ou'c e \\ ruten rhcm.
8 \\'t• mthln'1 c/on't h,lle to gcl up carb, todav a,; it'<; IV2, 6 Complete these scntcnces with words
a puhlic holidav. from V2.

1 Som('(mC a uimc.
l.g] 3 Rewtite thcse sentences without changing 2 go 10 thr nime ._,,•ne.
the meaning. Use had to or coufd.
3 Th('\ t,ikc from objec1r; ,11 the s<.1.•m•.
1 Was it ncccssarv to tcll thc poltce C\'Cf) thing?
4 The} collcct 01hcr and t.1kc it ali to thc.• crimc
Oid \ otl h,n <' tn trlf thr pnfirf' f'I <'f\ thing?
l.ib.
2 He wasn't eblc to walk oücr thc acctdcru.
5 The <;cicnti<.t� al th<' l,lh thc l'\ idenc,• ...

6 ...•,mi thcv inínrm,11ion ,1hout the criminals.

3 \Ver<.' \Oll able to undcrstand th,11 lccturet
7 Tll(' inv<-sligators thc crimc.

4 Thcv wcron't ablc to collcct ,111 thc e, ldcncc at IYJ] 7 Match thc two parls oí these sentences.
rhc sccne. 1 l\c ah,a,s h<.'C'n ,1fraid
2 He'<; <.!ud, ing th(' hi<:1oí)
5 1111,1sn'I nrx t">S<lr. to studc Economtcs ,11 school.
3 Thc palie<' are intcrcstcd
4 Tht•\ rC'<.l.'i\t•d 1h1.1 íl'fl<ltl
6 1 ,,,1<; oblc to speek Ruvsí.m whcn 1 was a child. 5 Tl1c thcmi<;tr, lab is <;epar,11c
6 Shc's al,, ,,v� hccn SlJC( c,;,;iul
7 ll \\.l<i ncccesarv to <;tuck Laün al our <;( hool.
,ll from thc rl'St of thC' '-Chool.
h) in t.ilking to a man ,1t 1hr crin,c s<.cnc.
8 \\1.v, it ncccssarv to spenrl al! tha! moncy H'Slcrd,l\?
t) offlying.
dl of thc Uni1cd S1atC'S.
t•l in �olving diffic ull < rimrw-.
i) from thc forcnsk lab.
Extra practice @@fH
·139
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
We can also talk about plans with hope to and wou/d
/il.. e to. Thesc are lcss certaln than going 10- \'H' use
EIJ Verb patterns thcm for ambitions ond destres.
Sandra would like to leave thc post officc and find
Wc somctimes pul two verbs togcthcr. \.Vhen \\..C do
anothcr job.
this thc sccond verb is oftcn in the inílnitivc with to.
We hope to buy a new housc nexr year.
J ;eemed to sleep wcll l.1sl nighL
Oldcr poople tend to need less sloep. Nole how we form thc questions and negatives of
thesc verbs.
Thc sccond verb can also he in thc -ing form.
Would you like to travel round the world?
Do you like having a doze aftcr lunch?
Do you hope to have children one day?
Thcsc days, wc keep hearing about light pollution.
I wouldn't like to work al night.
When thc first verb is a verb + prcposition. the
I hope not to be late tomorrow. ./
second vcrb is in the -ing form Ibccause a vcrb aftcr a
I dun't hope to be late tomorrO\v. X
prcposition is ahv ays in !he -ing form).
Have you thought about changing your joh?
l lcrc are sorne common vcrbs that follow thcsc I KEY LANGUAGE j
pottcms:
(Rill Asking about preferences
Verb + infinitive Verb + -ing Verb + preposition + Wh,11 would )'OU prefcr to do?
withlo form -ing form
Whal \\nuld )'UU ralh1..•rdu?
hope k�p thinl.. about
m,IO.lh'<.' COIO) succeed in I KL2 j Expressing preferences
tend suggcst look for.,,ud lo l'd ralher (go to the concer1).
want t<y lall.. about
det.ick- /'d prcfcr to (see a film).
need l'm more mtcrcstcd in (lhc cinema) than tthc ihealrcl.
S<'Cm
l'd lovc to (see thc drummcrs).
Sorne- verbs can have cithcr an infinitivc with loor an I don't fancy (that film).
-ing form aüer thcm, e.g. like, h.1t(', toce. Whcn we usc I don'! mind.
thc -ing form with thcse vcrbs, we mean '(not) cnjoy'. l'm nol kccn {on conccrts).
I love skiing.
I hale lying awake all night.
When we use thc inflnitivc wilh to, we s.iy what \\.C
I VOCABULARY
(don'!) prcfer. IYIJ Sleep
I like lo go to bed early. doze, drcam. fall aslccp, fccl slcepv, slccp in,
I hale to fall asleep in the living room.
slccp through, slceplcss
lg Future intentions
IV2 l ·ed/-ing adjectives
lhere ere difícrent ways oí talking about our plans for am.1zcd/am,1zing. borcdlboring. dcpres!.C<Lldcpressing,
thc Iuture. We use the íorm be going lo when we hove
cmbarrassed/cmbarrassing. cxcitcd/cxciting.
,1 dcfinitc intentlon to do something, i.c. wc are surc
fascinate<Víascinaling, frightcned/írightcning, i
that \\C will do it, but it is no! IOIJ<'/u fixcd.
nterestcdli ntcrt.'Sli ng. 1 i rt>dlti ri ng
l'm going to study astronomy al univcrsity.
Whcn Liom finishcs thc niHhl shift, hc's going to
meet sorne fricnds íor brcakíasr. hoal trip, cinema, conccrt, dancing. dinncr,
l'm not going to do a distance-lcnming coursc. firt'\\.Or� display, muscum, �ports cvcnt, thcatre

Subject +be(+ 1100 Verb I@ Time expressions

l'm ,1f1cr some time, JI lasl, at lhat momcnt, bcfore long.
+ l ll''� Shc's u·� íinally, m thc end, �n, suddenly
You'rt• \\c're Tbev're
going to SIJrl ...
l'mnot
- He Shc 11 bn'I
You wo Tht·� .ucn'I
be+ subjecl

' Arn I
1� he \hl• ;, goin� In q,1r1 ••. r
Are )OU we thc�

140 11)§111;1 language reference

 Extra practi ce
l!il] 1 Choose !he correcl form. (Y1] 5 Complete these sentences with word.-. and
1 l tend 10 dream / dreJming a lot whcn l'm ª''ª) phrases from V1.
from home. 1 \Vhcn vou're in ,l dcop sfecp. vou can mo,t
2 i,..,1ren realh cojovs /O <;ILJ(Í1 / sllldying literaturo. noises.
3 You sccrn to h,we h,11 inp, ;i high tcmpcraturc. 2 lt'.-. ,el) deprcssing if \OU h,1,c ,1 LOmpleteh
4 You should think about fo lx• / h<'ing more active. night.
S r kccp to fa/1 J f.Jlling astccp aftc- lunch. 3 11 c,m be ver. good for vm, to íor h,1lf ,in
6 She wantc to gPt l gettinJ: a joh with .1 TV hour afler lunch.
company, 4 lf }OU c_an'l ¡¡\ íirsl, il's ,1 good idea lo gel up

7 \\le'r<..• reall)' looktng forward lo go I goin¡; on thc ancl have .:i hot clrink.
l:>0..11 trip. 5 1 alwa, s \\ hen I w.:itch TV l.ite ,11 night.
8 \Vhat did the doc.tor suggcst to clo doinµ.? �6 The undcrlined adjectives are all in the
9 Thc childrcn worc al ,1 Irícnd's so we managcd wrong sentences. Corree! them.
lo .;/eep I !ilc'<·pinR in on Sundav. 1 Pla} ing lcnnis for rhrc<' hour"- is rc,111} hnrM! tiring
10 we'rc talking about lo go I noing to rhc flrcwork 2 l'm ;ilw;ivs verv C'mharr,l"-"l'<I aíter ,1 long meeting.
dtsplav, Do you want tu come? 3 l'm sure th.11 ,,orl..ing in a C,111 centre is exlremeh
IG2\ 2
Complete Janine's lisl of hopes, desires and frightening.
inlenlions for the next)'ear. Use the correct form of 4 Forgclling ,m olrl fricncl's birthrl;i) is ,cr. !:!!im;.
hope, would likc or going lo. 5 Being ,done in .1 str,mge lown al night can lx•
cmharr;i,;sing.
./ ./ ./ .. mtent1on ./ ./ .. dui� ./ .. � 6 Childrcn gct frightcnccl \\ ben lhe) clon'I h,1, e
I l'm go1ng to rt.ad '/4. e,nr,f l\it>IOf'1 of lime' ../ ../ ../ anvthing to do.
1 pMi6 111'1 final t.J.a!Tlf> 1n J'Ul)t. ../ 7 1 \hl:> lircc\ ,md didn't \\.llll lo go lo slccp aitcr thc
3 u� mone1 for a wmmer hol1da-f ../ ../ ../ horror íilm.
4 t,pend lht. wmmer in frariu ../ ../ 8 1 "'ª" so lx)ring ,,hcn I ÍC'll OH'r in !he slr('(_•t the
5 'flak.h lhe leonlf> at Wim�edon m J'une ../ other cl,1,.
!, fo,d a rull1 good job after the 1illll1mer ../ ../
(y}' 7 Which activity in VJ would be good far:
1 be mcer to m,¡ littlt. brctntr ../ ../ ../
1 a famil} "ho lilsc doing things on \\atcr?
• movt, lo a d1fferent c.it,¡ ../
2 "-omeonc ,, hu lil..es storic,; ami cultural evcnts?
J a couplc ,,ho \\,1nt lo be active?
3 Writc three senlcnces about your hopes, desires
4 .11ccn.1gc•r \\ho likcs pop group�?
and intentions for the future.
5 someone ,,ho \\,lnts lo le.1rn about the p.1,;1?
1 1 hOJll' -------------- 6 prople who like goocl food�
2 r would ---------------
3 l'm tnon goim; to _ IV4] 8 Complete the text wilh the time
expressions in the box.
(E::Ut._2 I 4 Complete the conversation al a job
centre with the words in the box. afler <.om(' lime_• ,11 lhat rnomcnl hcíorc long
1ano intcr<.>sted mind prdcr r,1tht..'f Fin.ill)' ,;uddenl,

.,: So. vou ,,ant a joh thor vou can do al night. In m, la"-1 \f',1r al uni\cr,ih. l sharccl ,1 ,;m,111 f1,1t with a

friend. One night 1 \\,1,; ,;fC<'ping "h<'n r r wok<.'

e: tbat's nghr.
up. i<'<'ling frighlt•nc'fl. 1 didn't kno,, \\h\ 1 \\,1,; i<:>Cling
11: OK, wcll. thcrc's a joh hcrc as a securüv gcard.
frightenL'<I. hui .? • l lm1rcl ,1 loud Lr,1.-.h frnm lh<'
11: On, no, 1 don'! 1 rbat. 11 soundv dangcrouc, 1
li, ing room. 1 \\Jit<'d and \\.litcrl, .1nd ,
.\: Rlghr. Something les" dangcrcus ... lel''- 5('(.'. \\'h,11
I dcciclcd to íind oul \\h<ll \\,ls h.1ppening. 1 \,enr 10
about working in a c,111 centre?
1hc_• livin� room but 1 dirln'I ,,anl lo go in, <,o 1 ,;ioocl
11: \\mm, no. Boring.
hehiml lhc door for .lgt'S. "--. 1 c;tt'f)pt'<I inlo 1lw
,: \\cll. what kincl of joh would you 2 10 do?
room ,rnrl s\\it<.hcrl tlw light on. M\ fricnd \\,15 on
11: 1 don'! 1 , rcally. hui l'm more"-- in
thc floor. ,1slPCJ>. 1 ,;pokc to him ancl ,;hools him, ,1nd,
working ourelde.
; , he ,,okc up. Thcn he 1olrl me that he o(lt•n
,: Out,;idt..·� Do ,ou drhc?
\\t1lls<.'<.l in hi,; sk'Cp ,md fc,lf O\Cr d1.1ir:. or 1ahlc,
11: Yt.•,. 1 ch
\\ ithoul C'H'll nolicing!
>,: OK 1om clrh cr!
u; \\<.•IJ l thinls l'd � drivca car ...
E
x
t
r
a
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e

@
I
J
§
h
l
i
l
1
4
1
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Wc oftcn use thc passivc whcn the agenl is unknown
or whcn it is unncccssary Ibccausc it is obvious).
� usedto Thc gold is brought to Europc. (= We don't know
the agent.)
Use used to+ iníinitive to talk aboot habits and statcs Silver is used in jewcllcry a lot too. (= Thc agcnt is
that happcncd in thc past. and which usually do not obvious.)
happcn now.
Form the passive with the amiliary verb be+ past
Wc used to have long lunch breaks but now wc
have short brcaks. participle.
I used to enjoy working hcrc, but I don't now. (be) Subject be+ not Past participle
! Therc is no present form oí used to. + 1 am
I O!e-to work late every day in this job. )( lle Shc is
\\e "
I work late every day in this job. ,/
You Th C) a,e
We can ulwavs use thc past simple instcad of used to l'lnpluved.
1 'm not ram non
but wc do nol use usc_,cl to for single past actions ü.c.
111' Shc 1�n·1 (is nou
that happcned only once).
"
I travcllcd to China for work once . ./
I useel to 11.,vel to China far work oncc.v
! ,,
Am
fou \ \l'

1
""' oren't tare notl

I used lo travcl to China íor work. (= a lot oí times) l'rllpltl\t'fl!

he ,he lt
Form the ncgativc ,rnd questions with did.
Are \'()U \\ C' 1hC'\
Subject Cnot) used tn Main verb
+ uwdto I KEY LANGUAGE I
1 ,ou he she u \\()(�.
drdn't rdrd notJ u-e
tu
"e thl'\ IEIJ Negotialing
! Did use ro \\Orl..?
That secms a bitlrather !highllow).
! Note the spclling of me lo in negativos and qucstions. l'm nol sure we can (pay lhat muchJ.
\Ne didn'l use to have m,my cmployecs rhcn.
How ahout (S 1 00 cachl?
Did you use to have a big officc?
lf you arder (1,0001, wc can (oííer 15°·.,).
Form short answcrs with e/id.
What about if we (arder 750)?
Yes, wc did. I No, we didn't.
That sounds fine.
! Do nor coufuse the pa�! simple and past participlc of
tho vcrb USf' with ll�í'c/ to. Sh.ill we call il ($871?
Wc used to spend our summcr hofidays by thc sea.
(= used 10)
l used thc phonc whilc you wcrc out. (= past simple
I VOCABULARY I
oí use) IYIJ Wo,k
I G2} Present simple passive colleaguc, departmcnt, emplorcc, industry, long
scrvicc, lunch break. markct leadcr, promolion.
We afien use thc passive whcn wc want lo focus on
rcport. staff, lraining course, work as,\ team
thc object oían active sentcncc. Wc do this by putting
thc objcct at thc bcginning oí thc scntcocc. lm lmport-export
A lot of jcwcllcry is made from gold. hu)•er, delivery, discount, cx¡x,rt, import,
The subject oían active scntcncc bccomcs thc agcnt manufacturcr, pricc, quantily, retailer, supply
uf thc passivc scntcncc. ancl wc use by to introduce it.
,Kli\'f'
IY1J Compound nouns
airlinc, chal room, newsp..ipcr, orange juicc, suitc.isc,
�uhjL'<'I objcct
J, video shop
J,

Children in India make thcse ctothes.

passi\t'
·142 81j§jfli Language referencc
�ubjcct
J,
Thcsc clothcs are madc by children in India.
IV4 I Sequendng phrases
after (fivc) to (six) days, following thal, las1ly,
nexl, to bcgin with
 Extra practice
(GJ] 1 Read this short text abuut a wmpany. Then (KD 5 Complete these mini-dialogues wilh
complete the sentences 1-5 with the correct form of phrases írom Kl.
used tu. 1 ,: \V(''d likc $50.00 íor cach camera.
whcn t was rmmgcr. 1 ,,orked for a rcall, goud u: . nwv·rc onl} 570.00 in thc shops!
companv for a fcw wccks a veer. 1 wanted to work íur 2 ,: 200, we L,m nffrr 20° ••.
it nftcr 1 lcft univcrsity, but it closcd a fcw vears ilgo. K: That isn't possiblc. \V<.• onh \\,101 100 oi lhcrn.
TI1c business was irnporting books from thc USA- onlv 3 ,,: Cm \OU ofíer a 2S0 .. discounl?
cducation.rl books. 1 workcd thcre in thc holidays whr-n tt: No, l'm afraid not. 1 'iº<,�

I was ,11 college, so thc bookv wcrc very uscful íor me.
4 ,: lf \OU ordcr 500. \\C <.,m SC'll thC'rn .11 $5.00 cach.
\Ve could takc copies of anv book we wanted. but I
n: -..:o. . We c,m'I aííord more th,1n 51. "iO
onlv took nbout thrcc or four whilc 1 ,,as therc. Thc
ca ch.
onlv problcm was that the monev wasn't verv good.
5 A.: $2 50 ea ch?
but it hclpcd 10 gct me through my studies!
ttc . \ Ve ,1ecept that oifff.
1 Tl1L' 111i1�1 work for ,ln import companv.
2 11 impurt books frum Europc. IYL1J 6 Find words in V1 and V2 for lhese

definitions.
3 11 impon educatiouo! books.

4 Thc writcr take lots of books. 1 thc pcrson ur pcoplc \\ho makc the products

2 thc peoplc thal \'OU work wilh

5 The moncv h1' VPI)' good.
3 onc person who \\orks for ,1 compam
2 There are mistakes in six of these sentences. Find 4 thc pcrson \\hú sdls thc products
the mistakes and corree! them. 5 the ¡)('rson \\ho finds thc products íor a shop to sel!
1 \\le uscd to work vcrv late but wu don'! 110\\,
2 Thc comparw use to p;i, VCI)' good moncv.
IV1,2,3 I 7 Complete !he puzzle with the first
part of the compound nouns below.
3 1 didn't uscd ro ,,ork vcrv hard.
4 1 uscd tu go on ,l long business trip to Kcrea lest vear.
5 J also wenr to Hong Kong severa! limes. 1

6 Didyou uscd to travcl a lot on business?

7 We usc<l havc longer holida, s than wc do now.
8 'Did vou use In work harderr 'Yes, we uscd.'

IG2] 3 Choose the correct form.

1 This companv imporls / is imporled diamonds.
Must oí the diamcnds imporl I are imported from
the Ncthcrlands.
2 OnC' of thc shops in thc \ illage :-e/Is! is sold lovclv
chocolato«. The chocol.aes m,iJ..e I an- made A cross Down
by hand. 3 mom 1 shop
3 We can bouk I i) !)()()/..NI hotels ami ilights for you. 4 servicC' 2 lc.1der
A[[ thc booking doc·� / is done online. 5 coursc 4 breílk
4 Thc ofíiccs cíeeo / are c/e,ined cvcrv cvcning. Thc
cleancrs comf' ,lrf' come at cight o'clcck. IV4 I 8 Choose the correct phrase 1-5.
/l's easy to make your own papcr. 'To begin wilh !
4 look al these pairs of sentences. Which is better,
liistly, takc sorne ordinary paper and tear it into
the active or passive version?
small pieces. Pul il in water until it is soít. 2foflowing
1 ,11 Mum makcs dinncr íor thc fami!v cvcrv cccning.
this ! To begin wilh, changc the water and mi"' thc
bl Dinncr is madc for thc fomilv cverv evcnlng.
papcr and water in a food processor until thc mixture
2 a) Oil is vcry importan1. Dcad plants ancl animals
is thick (lhe pulp). lLast/y ! Ne'(!, pul the pulp in a
makc it.
bowl wilh more c/ean walff and mix il well. Puf lhc
b) Oil is VC'I) lmportaru. ll is madc from dead planrs
mixture on a square mould, like a shaltow box, and
and anima Is.
.-idd any 'person.11' dccor.1lions to your paper, c.g.
3 a) The clC>aners don't clcan the officc on Sundavs.
Jeaves. Pul hcavy books on top oí the mould. 4Afler /
b) Thc oifice i<;n't cleancd on Sundays.
Next about 30 minutes, takc lhe books off. 5liistly I
Next, pul the paper in a warm place until il is
completely dry.
Extra praclice IIJ§(III
1-B
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR I KEY LANGUAGE

� Present continuous for future arrangements IEIJ Adding emphasis

We can use thc prescnt continuous to talk about Adverbs
thc futurc. ll's jusi a fcw minutes from thc centre.
What are you doing on Friday evening? We're only a fcw days from the start.
Wc're having dinner with my husband's boss.
Adjectives
We aren't meeting him until 9.00.
- irregular verb list, p.ige 166 11 will be a magical expcricnce.
Whcn wc use thc present continuous far thc futurc,
The village wilt havo magnificcnt facilities and
wc are ccrtain that the action will happcn. world-class hotels.
Thc taxi's coming al six o'clock. (= Wc'vc bookcd There will be a spectacular opcning ceremony.
thc taxi.)
Thc ministcr is giving a spccch tomorrow morning.
{= lt's organiscd.)
I VOCABULARYI

Wc oftcn use thc present continuous when wc havc (yI] People and organisations
made arrangcmcnts. so we usually givc a time or ambassador, assistant, civil servam, committee,
mcntion other pcoplc. dcpartmcnt, head oí dcpartment, minister, presiden!,
l'm meeting Melanic al thc thcatre this evcning. spokesperson, sreñ
There is vcry linle diffcrcncc betwecn thc prcsent
continuous and gomg to.
IYI] Adjectives
l'm having a tcnnis lesson tomorrow aftcrnoon. comfortable, comprchcnsive, easy, clcctrifying.
Wc're going to spend the weekend by tbc sea. fantastic, high-spced, magical, magnificent,
memorable, modcm, quick, spacious, spcclacular,
EJ} Past simple passive
world-class
Wc use the passive when we want to focus on the
objcct of an active sentencc. IVJ I Linkers
- present simple passívc, p.1gc 142 ahhough, on thc other hand, therefore
Wc oftcn use tbe pasr simple passive to talk about thc
history of somcthing.
Thc first car was designed in Germany, but thc first
car far thc general public was made in the USA.
Thc importan! information is what happencd, nor who
did thc action. lf wc wanl to mcntion the agcnt, we
use by.
lho Sony Walkman was produced in Japan. lt was
invented by Akio Morita.
We oíten use the passlvc whcn the agent is not
known, no! importan! or obvious.
The book wasn't published on lime.
The new James Bond film was released last month.
The ncw Microsoft software was launched in May.
Form thc past simple passive with was/were + past
participle.
When was thc first Harry Potter book published?
lt was published in 1997.
Was thc ncw car a success?
No, it wasn't liked by the public al all.

144 HJ§HIIIJ Language reference

 Extra p racti ce
;,
lfilJ 1 Write prescnl conlinuous scnlences from 3 thc minutes hotel O{'\\
' jU'-1 statíon
these prompts. Í(•\\ lht• from

•
1 rnintsrcr / flv I Ccncva tomorrow
was cxpcrtcncc ., ;, memorable
2 vou sl,t\ / .u / l litton Hotel this ,,cck?
5 onlc \\JII,,. thc ., <tation <hort <tadium ¡,
from thc
3 t givc talk / on cducation lhis .rñcmoon

-1 vitu.nion gct \\OíSC

6 11('\\ \ it.•\\ gi\C' ., \\ ill <tadium rrugnlñccm
uf {'\(.'l\h tln- tln-
5 lhe-. not huild ne,, stadiurn next )l'M's
01� rnpics IV1] 6 Which job has each of thc new members
of the governmcnt got? Match thesc descriptions
with lhe jobs below.
1 vtarcus Antrim will work for llw govcmrncnt in
,C'\,
York.
2 Nuw decide whether the scntences in Exercise 1 2 Gcraldinc Smith has the top job in ccouornk s.
refer lo the future or the presenl. Wrile F or P. 3 Afi<.t,1ir rr.mk hclps Geraldmc Smüh.
IG2j 3 Complete these sentences with the past 4 John \'\lil!,un hev rhc rnost lmportam joh in
simple active or passive of the verbs. thc dcpartmcnt th,11 \\orkc; ,, ith scbool-, ond
1 TI,e lnlCnlC'l companv lastminutc.com in univcrsüics.
¡qq7_ tsot upl 5 Jane! l ourcncc h.1c; ,1 cl(.'<;k joh, \\orl,,.ing ior John

2 11 I)\ two business pcrtncrs: ,\l,lrlha Lanc-Iov \\lilson.

and Bn-nt l loherm,m. (c;t.uU 6 Ali'-On M.it Don.ilcl gi\C."' thc g0\crnm1..•n1\ opinion�

3 11,e comp.mv ll\ tinclinH last-minotc holid,1," lo tht.• 0<.'\\ <.p,lJX'f'-.

lor pcoplc. tbcginl al \lini<.IPr ni l:dut,111011

4 Hui 11 soon mto íindmH hotcls. thcatrc tid,et,, !ll Ci\il St•r••ml in Edut.i1ion Ocp,irlnll'nl
and cvvn restaurants for pcoplc. Cmmel t l He.,d oí rinunc 1..• Dq>,irtmC'nl
5 \\artha í.anc-Fcx the lnmp,1m at thc cnd 01 ch A<.-.i<.l,1111 to Ht•,1d oi hn,lnt.t'
.!()(H. tll'.l\l'I
el Pres� <.pol,,.t•<.pcr.,on
6 'ÍhC' in a l,lrcr,1 .. h in f-.lt1rtKfO in 200-L n Amh.1s<..1dor
talrm)',I kiltl

7 Slw írom her injuries O\Cr thc ncvt \C'.lr. m] 7 Thc underlined adjectives are all in thc
trccovon wrong sentcnces. Cnrrect them.

8 l ostminuto.corn lo Trovciocitv. anorhcr 1 Y,iur n•1x1r1 ,,,1-. t•\c.dll nl.

1
lt < m c.·r<.'CI t.'\ t•r. thing

lntl'rm•I trovcl um1p..lm, in 200=i. !<;(•lh
4 Is the agent necessary in these sentencest lf not,
cross it out.
1 Ilu- e ompanc \'ª" qartod in I IJ1)1J h, if� foundt.r�.
2 f-.htro<;olt \'i,;;f,1 ,,,1,; laum hcd m 2007 h\ xtlcroson.
3 'Gurrnic ,1' \hl" p,1intNI h� Picav-o.
4 Thc namc 01 tlw new Secretar, Gl•nt•r,11 ,,.1,;
.mnounccd vcstcrdav h� thc prcscru Sccrotarv
General.
5 Thc stoo \hl', publisbcd ll\ ,1 popular new-papcr.
6 Thc nt•,, huilrling \\,J<; ñnisbod in time for th1..•
e onÍNC'lllt.' h\ buildcrv,
,inri \\,l" rl',111\ "IJ,U Írnl-..
2 Tht.• Fn•nth \\orld-d.1,;,;; tr,iin ¡., muth faqt.'í !h,m lhC'
Hri1i.-.h onc.•.
3 l'm <.ur(• 1'11 slrep lwth•r in nur ne,, he•d - 11\ mm h
more 1,mt,1<.IK 1h.1n !he• old om•.
4 A c..ipit,11 ti!, nC'C."<lc; 101 01 h1gh-c;pc'(..'<I hotl•I,; thc.><.c
<l.i, (,_
5 K.ucn'<. n<'" ,1p,1r1mcnl ¡._ ,el'\ <.timpr('hc•n<.i\l'.
(, Th,ml,,.-. fnr im ilmµ lh to ,our p.-irl) - ,,c h.1rl ,1
e omfort,1hl(' linw.
(y3 8 Complete these sentcnccs with ,1fthough,
on the othcr hand or therC'forc.

1 lt \\,l'- \cr, c.old \t><.\<.•rda,. 11 "'" ,rr. ,;;unn,.

I.KL 5 Pul these words in the correct order, 2 M� joh i!> nul \('') c.ha11enginµ. , t h,1\t'

1 \\ill t1d,C'I<, !Hl.00 co« onh 2 hotrlc; buill wortd-cl.rss thcv cix
h,1\C'
 dt.'c. i<lcd to fine! .-.om<.•thing mor1..• '-Uil.1hle.
3 ln <.onw \\,l\,; luli.1111 .. \C.'I'\ p1c•a ...1n1. ,he•, ..
'>(>llll'llffit..., ,l).l.gf(.",<.i\t'.

4 m, llC'\\ fl.11 h.1-. onh l\,o room<,, it'� \t.'I'\

,;paciouc;.

l:x!ra praclice l@§llfü 145

 Language reference
I GRAMMAR
Phrasal vcrbs can be intransitive or transilive.
lntransitive vcrbs do not need an object. e.g. go up.
EIJ Present perfecl conlinuous Prlccs have been going up.
Transitivc verbs, e.g. give out, tivow away, nccd an
Use lhe continuous form oí the prescnt perfcct lo
objcct
talk about actions that bcgan in thc past and are still Thc man was giving out leaílets in thc high strccl.
continuing.
Don't throw that book away!
l've been working in this comp,my sincc 2002.
Whcn a phrasal vcrb has a noun as thc objcct, W(' can
The action can be continuous or rcpeated. Thc pul the noun after the \erb or after lhc p..1rticlc.
climalc has been changing recenrly. Wc've Supcrmarkels give out a lot of plastic bags.
been taking mcasurcments of sea ice. Supcrmarkcts give a lot of plastic bags out.
We oíten use for and since with thc prcscnt perfcct Whcn thc objcct is a pronoun, it goes ;:iítcr lhc vcrb.
continuous with action vcrbs.
Can you give thCS<' out?
Hc's been making TV progr.:immcs for ten ycars.
l've been watching his documcntJry series sincc
January. I KEY LANGUAGE I
- preseot IX'fÍ{'(l whh kx and 5inn•, page 132
I KL j Asking for confirmaliun: queslion tags
Do thc present perfccr continuous with srarc
1101 USl'
verbs, Le. vcrbs thal describe foclings and situations.
That's quite normal, isn't it?
Use the present pcrfcct simple with tbese vcrbs. There are a couplc of olher problcms, arcn't thcrc?
l've known my friend in Ncw York for ages. ./ Thc projcct salves .i prohlcm, <k>e<,n'I it?
l've been knnning m)' íriend in Nc>w York ÍOf egos. X VI/e havcn't sccn lhat lx.-fore, ha\e ,.. t>?
Othcr vcrbs like this are be. neve. 1hml, undNsland. You can'! gel gr('('ncr than th.it, l.lll )OU?
Thcrc has been a drought in casi Africa alt ycar. ThC) could do il unp.1id, cou1dn't thcy?
l've had this job for a long time now.
! The vcrb have can he ,1 stotc vcrb (mcaning o« ni or
an action vcrb (mc,ming t.''lópcrit.•nce ur lake).
I VOCABULARY I
We've been having problcms with floocls reccntly. ly[I Global and local environment
Form thc prcscnt pcricct continuous with thc vcrb ha1e Arctic, coral reef, dcrclict, droughl, dump, extreme
+ been + -ing form of tbc main verb. weather, glacicr, global \\.irming. graffiti, rainforcst,
(11,ne) Sulljecl l,,m! (+ nol) bccn -ing form
rubb,sh, run-down, scrufi), sea ice, sea levels,
1 ,uu \\{' Th<'S ve ,h,l\l'l tcm1x.-rature, \\astcland, wcll-kept
+
He Shc (m Containers
" 't 1h.1�
\\Ori..1n¡.:.
bottlc, box, t.an, carton, jar, packCI, poi, tin, tube
- 1
- \'OU
- we lhl", h.11(.•n't +h.11t• -
non ht't'n
H,· '>llt.' lt h,1<.n 1 •h,i- nor. IY1J Materials
\\Orl..m�?
' 11.lH.' 1
11.1� he
\OU

�hl·
\\l' lllt'\ aluminium, cardboard, glass, metal, papcr, pl,1stic

"
� Phrasalverbs
Pbrasal vcrbs are comolnations of a ccrb and one
or I\\O othcr words, oftcn prcpositions. Thcsc othcr
words are callee! partlcles. Hcre are some common
phrasal vcrbs:
verb particle
cul down
find OUI
givc back
lhrmv ;nv;iy
I rcally must cut down my smoking!
Wc don't throw any pcpcr away.
Phr,15.11 verbs oñen have a rlifferent meaning from !he
vcrb on lts nwn.
cul clown = reduce
find out = discover

146 C'J§llill Language reference

 Extra p racti ce
� 1 Wrile sentcnces from these prompts, u!>ing -1 �\\ íricmb, ,,,mt lo a paper rccvcling
the present perfect continuous and for or sincc. business.
1 <ea Ievcls I risc manv \C'<H". 5 Cm \OU sorne iníormation about
51•,1 /p,rf, h,n·e lx'f.'n ri,ing iár m,1m \(•,1,�. nur k-ar ¡)(J\\Cr for me?
2 wc recvclc plactic 1995 6 \ Ve so muc.h rubbl-h \\ hen Wl' wcrc
, ounger - no\\ ,, e rccv < le more.
3 Arctlc kc I mclt quid,I, rhc lJ'-1 fe,, , ear<- 7 that littcr � \Ve don't ,,.mt rubbish on
thc srrccts hcre.
8 1 know J vour phone numbcr but 1 <.,.in't
4 1 reuse plast¡c bap.s a fo,, \f',U'-
fine! it anvwhl'ít.'.

5 rhc car industl'\ r('{IUlC' Iuel pollution thc 1980<; 6 Corred the mistakes in these sentences.
1 ArC' tho"(' vour soc.k,; on 1he ílrx1r? Piel.. up tht'm!
íi gloh,1[ ,,.1rming harm the Farth ,1 long time 2 Thr pric.e of petrol has hccn up going rc<.C'nlh.
3 C.1n vou giw b..1t.l. ml' tha1 lx>ok on reC\ding?
-1 The roundcr-, of IBM have up <iCI ,1 nt.'\\ husines'-.
2 Choose the corree! form.
5 no ,ou ,m,1, thrm, old things?
1 \ \ L'\ r- h,1(/ l>t't'n h.1, in,-: soler p.mcls for iÍ\ e \ ear-.
2 Phil rkX"-n'I IM\C' a CM- he•\ hir('(/ íxon hiring lKb] 7 Match these statements and question lags.
< ,ir<, \i!ll..l' he p,1,<.t'(/ hlv te-a. 1 The lr,1irú going 10 lr.1\C' on timC',
3 Mari,1 h,1,;n't íwen lx>t.•n ht>ing h,1pp, sim e <he lcír 2 You c.,m't re<.\ ( Ir gl,1�s hnltk"i hc•re,
her la<;t joh. 3 Tht'\ \e rehuih thP t.n111muni1, u·ntre,
-i l\1..· \,Ht'<Í bt>t•n ,,11m1,: mont'\ for rm holid.i� 4 RCC\-ded papPr doc!,n'I t.ost morC' th,m ordin.1n
._¡nu._• M.ud1. p,1per,
5 Hm, long hace ,ou .lno\\n IJt't'n /..no\\ing ,our 5 The, h,1,C'n'I hurnt thcC\identl',
tcac lwr? 6 Thi,; i,n't thc c..HJ�l' 01 thC' problem,
6 lhc for(.'<.! h,1, hum/ /x'('fl buming ror ten d.i\'-. 7 Your idea rt•,111\ sol\t.><, thc• problem,
7 l\c uscd been u-Jng thc Internet J lot rcccnuv 8 You l,ln g<'I <l di,toun1 if ,·cm rt.·turn 1h1• l>11ttft-'.,,
8 1 h.1\en't undcr,too<.I lX'en undt•nt.mdin� ,mqhing

m lhi'- dcx.umenl,U'\ <o Íclr. ,11 e an ,ou? C) h,l\'l'the\ !

In <,m't \OU? ÍI h,l\C'n't th('\?
3 Complete these sentences so thal they are true tIdo,.•., il? gl is il?
íor you. di (i()(.'<;n'I 11? hl l'ifl t 1t?

1 l\l' bccn ll•.1rning for .,m((' .

2 l\c 1..nm, n for vnc e 1W 8 Cirdc the odd one out

3 I'vc bccn c.oming to this «hool tor ,inw 1 drought gl.icif'r C'\treme \\l',1llwr
-1 l\l' h,tcl /Ór -lnce 2 \rt.fü. raimort"'il ruhhi.,h

5 l\t·lw<•nrC',lding {or ,ince . 3 .,,.,1 iu:- gr,1ffiti ruhhi.,h

6 t'vcbcon working for �i11c1• . -1 c.or.11 rt.'(.'I \\,1,.teland gl,1t.ier
5 \\l.'ll-1..epl run-do\\n dcrdicl

4 Compare )'Our sentences with a partner. 6 ,t.•,1 iu• <,(',l lc,el r,1inrort.•,1

[G2 5 Complete these sentences wilh thc verbs IV2,J 1 9 Unjumble the anagrams to makc
and particlcs in the buxes. Change thc form where conlainers and malerials.
necessary. 1 Soft drinl,.� u,u.1lh wme in I\\N \11\11 UU s,AC
2 ,\RJ); ,ue u�ualh m,1de ol SI ,\);C.
Verbs: c.trrv < ul lind ¡tt, pkk cct
3 R[PP,\ ha� ,l lot ot U�C'-.
throw \\ rile
4 \Ve c ..m hU\ mil!. in TOTLER� or CRANOTS.
5 1\ Jot of Bf\0� .irC' mMk• from DI-M(DRABO.
Particlcs: ,l\\,1\ down dm,n tnttt 6 J'd lil..t• ,1 BUTí oi !IK)thp.1stl'.
out ou1 up up
1 r\ lor 01 thought � tmo foocf p..1t kaging.
2 Tht'\ rcso.tnh lmo global ,,arming al
thc momcnt.
3 !>u¡wrm,irl..<•ts should ttw quautltv 01
p.u 1..agmg th.n tbcv use.
Extra practice

HJ§HIH 147
 Language reference
I GRAMMAR I G2j too and enough
Use too much!many + noun to mean 'more than we
� Sccond conditional need or want'.
We use the sccond conditional to talk about the result wc'vc spcnl loo much money.
oían actton. Thc action is unreal, Le. il can't happcn There are too many adverts on TV.
or is vcry unllkcly to happcn. Use enough + noun to mean 'thc corrcct amount'.
lí wc practiscd more, wc would be bctter at hockey. rvc had enough chocolate cake for now, tbank )'OU.
(= Wc don't practico, so wc aren'! good al hockey.) Use nol enough + noun lo rnean 'lcsvfcwcr than wc
lf wc had more time, wc woulcl practisc. nced/want'.
(= Wc don't havo thc time, so we clon'l praclise.) Thcrc aren'! enough opportunities far womcn.
lf I was rich, l'd buy a satltng boat. (= l'm not rich, (.:= fower than 11e w.101)
so J can't buy a s..1iling boat.l
Use 100 much with uncountablc nouns and too many
! lt is also posstble to use/( f !he!she were in thc with countablc nouns.
sccond conditional.
t'vc got too much work al thc momcnt.
lf she were )'Oungcr, shc'd become a sports tcachcr.
This campan)' has got too many problems!
lf I were you, l'd start taktng sorne cxcrcise.
Use (not) enough wirh both countablc and
WC' can also use tho socond condilional to talk about
uncountablc nouns.
possible futurc actions, but thc octions are unlikcly
Wc didn'I havc enough good sportspeople at thc
to happcn.
tast games.
What would you do if you won a million dollars?
Havc you gol enough time?
lf I won ,1 rnillion dollars, 1 wouldn't go lo work any
more! Wc can also use too and (not) ... cnough with
adjectives.
/f-dause (condition), main rtausc (resull) Mark docsn't do atl)' sport. He's too lazy.
li - r,i,t vimpk-, wookln t �
\\(}IJ/d lames will win the racc. He's fast enough.
inñmuvc 11 lthuut 11, Gill won't pass 1hc cxam. Shc's not clever enough.
li lhL'\ showed more intcrl..,L thov 'd 111 Utdc/1 gcr mon• ! Be carcful oí thc word arder with too and enough.
hclp. foo much / too many / enough + noun: Wc h.wen't
11 r didn't gr-t tho ¡oh, l'd n1mi/d1 be r<·.1111 got enough people fur thc team.
unh.rppv. too+ adjcctive: l'm too tired.
adjectivc + enough: You arcn't quick enough.
! Wc usually pul ,1 comma aftcr thc if-clausc.
Wc can also use might or cou/d in rhc main clausc.
lí they spcnr more money on sports, wc might win
I KEY LANGUAGE I
more meda Is. Eh] Conversation fillers
lí you stavcd with me in thc surnmcr, wc could visit
Let me see/think, ...
Athcns togcthcr.
Wcll, ...
We can pul thc main clausc frrst. lí \\C do this, wc
don't use a comma. l think l'd ...
Thcy'rl spond more moncy if peopte showcd more lhat's a difficult onc.
intcrcst. To be honcsr, l'd ...

I VOCABULARY I
IYI] Spo,ts
archery, badminton, cycling, dragon bo..11 racing.
fencing, íootball, gymnastics, hockey, judo, sailing,
table tcnnis

IV2] Personality types

careful, cautious, compctitivc, individualistic,
non-competilÍ\.C, risk*seeking, seff-sufficicnl, sociable

148 (fMflfJ languagc rcfcrence

 Extra practice
gT' 1 Match the two halves oí the second (Kl 1 4 Complete the conversation with the
conditional sentcnccs. phrases in the box.
1 lf I ncodcd rnorc moncv ior rnv sport.
I thinJ.. l'd let me to be bonest.
2 1 wcutd gct a lot üucr.
That's ,1 clifficull one. \Vell,
3 Our plavers might \\ in more marches.
4 lf more pcoplc wcrc intcrcstcd in this sport 11: M) doctor think-, 1 should do more sport. to gct
5 \\e would hosr a dragon bcat festival fitter. \\ hat do \OU think I shculd do?

6 \ Vh,11 would you <lo u: 1 'rou'rc nut rccllv sportv. are \ou?

•11 l'd tn to get funding from a cornpanv, ,: ! l'm not ,;urc .iboul 1hat! 1 \\alJ.. fo ,,orJ.. .

b1 il would rcceive more funding. 11: lf',; ÍÍ\C' minut<.'S il\\.l) ! \Vhat ,,ould ,ou likc to tn?
( l íi lht..'\ practiscd rnore seriouslv. ...: i S(_'(_'. 1 \\,is thinl..ing about <.,1iling.
dl if, ou ,, on ., 101 oi monc}? 11: s.1iling?

l'l i1 1 pl,lH'<I more '-porl. >,; Don'! ,ou 1h1nl,. it's ,1 ¡.t<x>el idc,1?
ú it we thought cnough boate ,,ould cntcr. o: \Vcll, .i l'<l 11) sorlll.'lhing J bit casier ,ll first.
A:\\ hat ,,ould you sup,ge�t?
2 Complete the text with the corree! form oí n: :; prcfcr to lcam somclhing likc arrhcl"\.
the verbs. ,: Oh, 1 don't 1hink '>O! 1 ,,ouldn't gct cnough C);t•rc_ist_·
from 1h,1l�
What 1 you (do) if you 2 (not have) tt: 1 knO\\ ! Wh,11 ,1hout cvcling? Jt's rcalh good
enough money to continue your sports club? cxcrdSl· ami ,ou tan do it am\\hcre ...
l'm In that position now. 1 run a badminton club A: Ycs, hut I ha\.cn'I got ,1 hikc!
and we're in danger of closing because we don't IYIJ 5 Find the sports in Vl for these descriptions.
have enough members. lf we 1 (have) more 1 lt's pla,ccl h) two tc,1ms of clC'\cn pcopk•.
members, we 4_ (get) enough money to pay 2 TI1i.:; imol\('<; a 101 ol peuplc un a ri,er.
the sports centre that we play in. They've pul
3 Thi,; l,ln he.• pl,1)ed ,,ith t,,o or four IX'Oplc. lt\
their prices up - if their prices s (not be) so Vel"\ Í,l�I.
high, we 6 (be) in a better position. lf we
4 Thi� is likc ,1 fight bchvC'C'n f\\O pcoplC', \\ith no
7 (not have to) spend all our money on paying
fer the club, we ª-- (have) enough money to
C'<}UipmC'nt.
5 This ¡,. u,;;u,1lh done nn 1he S(',1. ,mi can dn it atonC'
advertise fer more members. The other problem
or \\.llh otht•r people.
is lnsurance -we have to have insurance and that
b ,ou can do thi.:; ,ilonc or \\ith 111hc•r<.. ,ou ha,<.• to
costs money too. lfwe 9_ (not have) lnsurance,
h.1\(' hikC">.

we 1 o (have to) pay a lot of money if someone

had an accident. IY7] 6 Choose the correct adjectives 1-4 in this

job advert for a tennis instructor.
One way of getting more members would be to
accept any players into the club, but if we 11
(do) that. we 12 (get) people who can't play
W• are looking for the rtght person to
well enough. Can you give me any advice? teach the tennis stars of the future.
You wiR work on your own and be responsible
[G2 3There are mistakes in four of these for ali the temes ,nstrucbon at the dub so you
sentences. Find thc mistakes and corrcct them. must be 1competttNe / self-sufficient. We need
1 \\p c.m'r gct fundinA cnough íor our c_lub. a 2soc,at,le / nsk-seeklng pe,son who wil spend
2 Thcrc are loo much ,lSP<-'<-IS lo lhi,; problom. a lot of Ume wrth our young people. both playlng
tennis and soaally. You wilt need ali your sk�ls
3 Thc_•\ arcn't ,;lul\\ ing cnough intcrcst in our idea.
to teach the children to be 3compet,we I non-
4 \\o<;t or our pl,lH'r" arcn'r cuough compctlüvc to competJtNe in their matches. You will need to
"in. try new ways of teactung and take nsks 1n thls
5 1 c_,111·1 pl,1\ anorhcr gente. l'm loo tired. job. so we can't accept candidatas who are too
6 1111,.•r(' are too mam ,ldvcrts for cxpcnsiw traincrs 4nsJ<-seekJng I cautJous.
onT\.
7 11 c_t�t .. much toe moncv to do this sport.
8 ,\\v .;porte; p,;Hholo¡..:i,;t told me 1 w.1sn't risk-sccking
cnough.
l::xtra praclice C'ijf@Q
l-l9
 AUDIOSCRIPTS
CD I
Lesson 1.1 Track 1.2
R,·porlt•r. \f.m. 1 l<H1JJt1 ( hit•/ u/ polK t•
11: Onh I\\O 1hing" ,m' h,lflJk'fling 1n
l lor1d,1 ngh! nm\ \\,utmg or 11',1\ mg.
lbo pcoplo or l lorlda ,irt• euhcr
\\,1itmg ror Hurncano 1 íclcn. or
thc, 're ll',l\ ing in thctr t,1r-.
'I: rm "'ª' 1ng hcrc. 1 h,l\C' ,1 lot 011ocl<I
in m, bou-c and. at 1hl' moml'nt I'm
C(l\t-ring, tbe \\ mdm,., ,, rth wood, 1
l,..n, l\\ .1hou1 tht• cLmgt•r l"'fX'(_1,1lh
.utor 1 \urm.. JllC' t,...itnn,1, but. ,,l'II. 1 m
not k·,1, 1ng.
11: 1 m ¡.,>t•Uing out oí heee. Tht'\ n•
'-JI ing th,11 thi" ¡., ,1 rNll1 cl.lngC'l"l')U<.
hurrk anc ,md t don't \\,mi to meet 11.
Oi cour-e. ttw ru,1cl.. .irt• rt•,1111 hu..,
IX'l,lU-.t• m.m, IX't.•flll' .1rt• k•,11 m),¡.
11: Tht• hurrit.-int.•., 11111\mg north .1CfC)';"
rhc CJrihlx·.m ",t•.1 ,md 11 � commg
ltl\1,ml, Fl(lfici..l. ',1nlflg 11 md-, .mrl
ht•,11, r.un an- hittmg thc ukl�I.
,md lht' hurnr <Hll' 1, gC'ltmµ h1AAN
and tactcr, 11'� l'IO\\ ,1 < ,lk"V,Of\ 111ur
hume ,m<• 11 lrn h m(',m� fho 11 ind
'fK'!:'fl 1, 100 l1lomc.'lrl"- pe.'< hc)Ur ...
rm 0011 m tbc pohcc '>t,111on 1111h thc
ducr 01 poln e.
t: Ourt.'flll'f\,"l.'flll pl,m,g11in¡:11dl.A'>
1<lll ln<11\ 1q• rnt<'fl g1•t hunn.ua-, m
HoncL:i �o 1H• lnt11\ 11h.i110 do. \\p
do thrv lind 1111h1nµ c.•11..'I'\ 1cw. ,md
lhr, -urnrrcr ¡., no d.ncrcnr. On fhc
-tnvt-, m, rren ore drnng thcn 101,..
,111d 1111.... n- d1l'll111g lh.il pl'l:1plc.· ,1rc.•
..,.lll'. Ln h H',l< <.tltllt' pt'(1plp ll',l\l' thc
,lfl',1 ,111d ntlwr. '>l,11. l 1th1'f 11,11, 111•
,ll\1,1\ � hdp ('\l'f\Ofll'.
it Hurruane l lt•k'f'I ,., ,l ll'f\ '>lrong
hurric.,1111·. \mi thc- quo-non ¡., - 1111'
.ut• thcrc more "lrnng hurrit,lll(...,
c.'\t'f\ 1t•,1rt Rc-corch ,how'> th.11
!he..• number 01 '-lrong hurrn ,1f'll><, ¡.,
im n·.1 ..ing ,md 1h,1t tht'\ ·re.· ¡..>t.iling
"lrongt>r. �imt• « ic.'flll"t" ••,.11 the,
¡., 1)(,.,,lu'>t' 01gluh,1111.1rm1ng. Tiw
"l'J\ gt•Uing hot!t'f ,md warm -.(•,1,
t,lll"l' hurri1 ,mt,. Thl• \ml'rR,m
¡..>mt'fnnK'fll dot><,n t ,lWl't' 111th 1h1'>
um11t'< lion lx•t11 ron gloh,11 11.im,mg
,md hurrit.,mt"'. �1ght 1101, 1hc1ugh.
tl'H.' l'M'oplC' 01 1 loml,l ,lrt' 1u<;I II'\ mg tu
'-.l\l' thc..·ir hc)(1...._... ,md tlw1r li1<"o. lh1,
1, ln,mnt• \\dih. hit> from l loncL1.
H,l< l h1 ,1l l m lhc- <;fu<l10.
Lesson 1.3 Track 1.3
\11m m. D1.1nJ
'>: •,o. IJ1,111J. Jll\ thouAh1,?
u: \\di, 1 lell' tl'H.' "OUIUI ol �l'fl!IO,I. 1
1hml 1h1• ·\nt,,r< 11< \\ rldhrt• trui<.<• 1<, ,1
gr1•,ll 1dl',l.
,. \lmn, '-IJ ch l. lt\ unu<;u,11 ,1ncf
.\llDto,l RIPT<,
·150
C'lc.'f\<)fl(' lml''> 1x•11gum,. Em. Jll\
prohll•m, 111rh th1<, 1rip?
n: \ \di. 1 '>llf)f)O'i(' thl' -.{',l<,0(1 1or !he
.\nt,1n..t1t tnP" i� ,hc,rt· '-mt•mher
to Fd:m.Mn th.11', 011h al)(1ul 1our
month\ lom;.
,: 'll'Jh. 1 .igrc.'l' .ind 1 ckm't lilC' th<'
II e,1thc..·r m lh(' rnount,1111,.
u: ,1>.rw1tlxYdol.lt,1\1nchand
th,m�l'.1hll' in thl' "Umrnt.'f. Bu! 1, th.it
.1 pmhll'm tor our < u,tornt.'f",? Thc.'\
lile.• ,1¡t,,c.'f1\Ufl' Jlll'f ,111�
<,: Trut·. hui 11., not mc.t• 1,,1lling m thc..•
111nd ,111 tllC' tml{' In ldtl I ckm t lill'
1h<• ,1c1111t1l"- - th<'\ fl' ll'f\ ord111Jr\.
u: Don t 1ou? 1 do. Hof'•l' ndmg 1,
.il\1,1,., ¡x1pul,1r Jnd l'\l'r\Ol'll' < ,m h"'
1rl'lling. t thml 1h1N•,1cl!\llll..,,lrt•
1int•. t"'fX'U,1111 11 \\(' \\,1111 to ,lllf,l(I
1ir-t hll)('f",.
<,: \\l'll lmnot,un,.l1hi11lour
c.u,tonX'f, \l,ml l'll'I\ .1111\llll"- or
um1,u.1I Ol'll"'. An\\1,1, 11h,1t ,1hc.MJt
Hl'luC'?
o: \\c.•11. 11hml tlu� l"l'\ldlt•nt lx.'l,IU'-l'
th<• .itl·\ itit... lool inlt•n...tmg.
'> : l\n<l c•,11tmg.
n: h,11 11,. 01\ mg m c ll',lf hlue \\ Jll'f
11h1tt'-\\Jlt'f <Jltmg. In IJll, 1 don t
thml IIK'ft' ,lrt.' ,In� pmhlt,-n, w1th the
,llll\ 111(....
'> : 't'1!hc..'f du l. Hui II h,11 ,1bout thc>
lll'Jlht•r? \\ ht'fl\ th<· l"N."'1 tUTll' lo Aº?
o: \\ ell. t thml lht• tn¡)',. '>hclllld lx• m rhc.•
di'\ '-1.',Nlll.
'> : '<"' ..o do l. t"'f>t.·u.ill, IM..'l,Ju<.t.• or thl'
hurnt,nK"' in !he..• r,1m1 >,(,'J!!()('l.
o: '<"' ,1n<l ,1l<.o 1t., ,1 l1t1I<• (oolt·r rrom
'01t•rnllt'f In \ 1,1\
,; �o. hcn, lnng 1., lht' hol1<L1, <.t'J<.on?
ll'4., <.t.'(•, C'f, '\,(J\t•mlM..'f. l>c.1..t111IM..'I'
)JOUJI'\ frhru,11'\ '-1.trc.h. Apnl. M,l\
•• 1 fr)'\\ m.im '> 1h.il!
1>: 'x'\t'fl n11Xlth,. l thm .. thJI .. ¡.:01xl.
.,. Do 1ou! 1 m no! '>UfC'. In tlw l �·\ lht•
hohcl.1\ <.(',1\l)fl'> ,1r<' loogt•r Ami .,l .. 1.
I don t 11 ,101 to ont>r tri¡)', ,mn,ht'fl'
rw.1r 1tw humt,ll'll' "lw,on. ,ou lno11
th,11 hurm,1111..,,1r1• ¡.:t�1mg ,1ron¡..>t.'I'
,md ,trun¡.;t>r Jl'lll \\di. lll' don't
l1"11111 11 h,11, h,1p1x·m11g rNlh.
o: ",ure. -..(). lt·I\ ..,,, tl'H.' hcllid,11 ..,¡•,,,on
i, "" month, lonl.\.
.,. ni... íint•. '·,o. \\hllh do ,ou pr<'l1'f!
n: l\'f",()r,,1lh. 1 prt'lt•r lll'llle to \l'J,,'l'll!Hl.l.
,: \ 1111111 '>ll do I but thc..• AntJJ'l.lK
t ru1-.t• 1, .1 }:rt',11 11k•.1. Lc.1, 11)(,l ,it lh<•
oth1>r 11\u. ,md th<•n 1k'litk•.
Lesson 2.1 Track 1.6
fo,um,1h,1 fnlt·rprl'lt'f
1: ( h1moll'I. d1<l ,ou \\,mi 1u ht•umK'
,m ,11hld<· 11ht'fl �ou k·lt "thool!
1: Oh. no. 1 d1dn t. 1 comt• trom ,l H'f\
fll)()r plJc.C' ,ind nl\ molh<'f d1l'll \\ hc..•n
111.1'> ,1,l('('fl. �o I ll'tl-..( h,1111 ,md
tlK'fl I m,1rrit'll Ben1.imln J H'.Jr l.itl''f.
in I l)<l'i. 1 did11 1 lhmk ,1hout runmng
or �port .1l lh,1t tinw. 1 h,1d ,1 l1l\d1
hu..h..1n<l . .i hornt.• .ind llwn I lx'l,mlC'
,1 moth<'f. 1 h.11t• four hl•au1i1ul bO\ ...
1: ",o, 11h\ rlid \OU -r.irt nm11mg!
1: \\t• .irl' J poor 1.1m1l1: \\l' h.11e 1u,t ,1
tc.'11 .inunal<. thrc.'l' ..Jll,.,11 ,md '-l'\t'll
<h1tlC'n�, 111 t.1ct ,,nd .i liUlt• land
lor 1x>1,1l1M..,. \\l'r<' J h,ml-\\orlm¡;
r,1m1h. hui 1n uur 101...il ,1rt•J n11�1
Jk<t)flÍl' l'Jrn u11ck·r a doll.ir .1 d.1, �o.
\\t' d1d11 1 h.11 C' ,1m mon<'\ hui IH'
11Jn!t'(I to >,(,'fld our lxl\ .. lo "l.. ho11I
Thm. l.1�t w,,r m\ ol:'r�hbour told me
,1l111ul 1hl' ruonmg r,1t l"' ,m<l 1hc..• pnzt•
n11111t'\. ',o. 1 ck'll<k·d ro ,1.1rt runnin¡.:
.incl hl'rl' 1 ,1m 11ú\1 !
1: 1 kM did ,ou lrain ,md lc11,l ,11tl'r lhc>
lhildn•n .11 th1.• ...1m1• tmw?
1: \\\ hu<.lklnd Bl'lll,111111111,1, \l'f'\
hc..·lp1ul. t 1r,1mt'<I t'\t'f\ mommg·
r.111 m thc hrll<, ,1nd lknpmm m,1dt•
hrt•,1ltJ"I mr thl' hl11 "· rh(,,, rl' ,c'f\
�nun� - lhl' okk.-.1 t<. onl, mn<' "' il
11.i,n 1 "-'•''' ltlí 111\ hu.,h,md. !Ju1 ht'
dicln't gt•t ,mgf\ · ht• ,1111,1\, ,m1ll'<I!
l lt•\ ,l p,1t1c.'1ll. tnmctl, m.1n. \nd la�t
11c.,.{ hl' <,old 0111.• ol hi, <.ht>t¡1 ,md .1
th1tll'n to p,1, ior m1 hÜt'l lo tonK�
to ,,111uhi. I IC' hl'l¡"N.'fl ll'H.' H'n mu, h
he, \l'f\ lmd.
1: IJ1<l \()ll \\111 ITIUlh lllC)(ll'\ \l"'ll'frl,11 {
1: Oh. ll"' 1 d1d. Oh. ,1 lo! ,1 lol. \ lul
111r ffll' ,mrl m, 1,1m1I,. 1 \\IJl1 $1.! (X)().
11 .. 1ntrnhhlc.•. J <.t1ll t,m, lx·ht'll' th,11
1 \1011 thl' íJLl'. '\()\\ \ll' l.111 "l'tKI
(lllr thddrt'fl 111 ,l ¡..'l:1od-..( he 101. \\'ht•n
\\(' 11('1'(' \IMJll\!. 11(' d1d111 h,lll'
lht· t h,111< t' to rm,,h our OOut,1lion.
hur p1.•rh.11}', ourt hildr(•fl t ,1n go to
un H,...1h .
J: \\J" lhi, m.1r.ilhon ,our la�t r,1Cl'1
1: Oh. 1 ckm t thml "º! Tht.'\ 11.inl nw
1<> rJ�t· m Lurc11x· 111.•,1 \l',u! ( ,1n
1ou in1.1guw? 1 hit' m ,1 tm, 1 ill,1¡.;t•
in lhl' t.., .. 1,,1111 Pun11\ ,1<k• ,md tlK'\
11,1111 nw to run m l'Jn'> ,md l onck10.
I ht)f){' l t.1n t,1l1· m, 1,1m1h. ,mcl th,11
IH' don·1 nt'l'<l to "l'II Jll\ mort• .,h('f.j)
,md <hilh·n,.
lesson 2.2 Track 1.9
l ,,,1, ,mg1n¡.:.
2 - \ \,h .,he:., t•,111n�?
,c.-.. ,he• 11,1 ...
J \\1• \\l'ft' quch mg
4 \\c •rt• thc.·, run'lmg?
,c.. !he'\ \\('f('.
5 He· 11.1 � p,1mhng.
6 -\\,1,�tx•11orl111�r
- 'le."> ,IK' 11,¡.,
7 \\ht•rl' 11,1' h,• li\mg!
S \\l'fl' tht'\ 1dlmg jol..t"''
- '(", !he..'\ lll'fl'
9 \\ h1 lll'r<.' lhl'\ hl'lpmg him?
10 \\11,ll\\l'fC'\llU'(',ldmg?

Track 1.10
J'd lil,o tp im i1C I ou¡c Arm�1rnng h<'< ,llN'
! thmk he \\il� thc gn•,1lt"'l mucki.m evcr,
I know that hic carl, lilt' w;i� \t'r) hard
he t.trnc from .:i \l'r\ poor i,1mil\ in Nt•\\
Ode.rn-. nu1 he bod am,1zing t·ncrg\ .md
,1h1l1tit"-. 1 lt• t ould �ing, pl,l\ inctrurnentc
,md dam e. HP rrudo m,lll\ «x.ord-, .md
ht• t h,1ngl'<I [azz - he m,l{lt• i1 intoan
.m. So. ho had .1 hig influt•nu• nn tho
hivtnrv ot j,111, blu<..:; ,md pop. Em1 ... ht>
\\,1� alsn ,1 gencrou, ruan. Fnr cvarop!c.
l.in-r 1t1 hi-, life, 11ht•n ht•11,,, rith, ht•
g.11t• .1 lol •>I rnrnw1 10 ¡xK,r chtldren
,o tht·1 could lvarn nursic , Ir ... "''· l'd
like t11 im ito Lou¡s \rm�trnng bocau-c
h1• brnught h,1pp1nt"'\ ,111d plc.rsurc to
milhon� nf pcoplc. \\h,lt 111)Lild ( l1h· to
.1,I.. him? \'\'di, crrn, ¡x•rh,1p, rhlv l lm1
did \ ou rccl 11 hen vou 11<.R' e1ghl 1l'.1r,
old, ,md \Oll \\l'r(• ,mging in thc ,tr(•1..-I<. n1
,C>11 ( )rkw1, lor nxmt•\?
Lesson 2.3 Track 1.14
�l<·ph,mif• \u i\lin¡.;
,: 1 k-lln.
,: Hi ",tqJh,1111<·. 11\ \u \ling.
,. Oh. hi. H(/\1 ,m• you? 1 lm1 d1d thc
i nn 'f\ il '11, ¡,!.OI
,: C lh, 1 m fint'. Thc mn'rv 1t•11<. 1u•n· flne
roo. H,1H· 1ou ).\Ol ton minutes or an-
\OU hu�\ I
'" l'm ltrw tur 11111t·. Tt>II nu- about rhc
p1•opli·. \\ hu d1rl 10,1 '-!.'(' f1r,11
,: \i\t'll.1ht• 1ir,t pcrson 11..1� ,1 guv
l .illl'(I M,1rt1n. Hl"� ,1 11>ung rhx tor
ond lll'\ (,m.idi,m.
,. Oh, th.n-, ,nund, good. \\'h.1t\ lw
lih•(
,: \\1•11, l'rn not cun-, A111r,1 h1• 11,1,n't
\l•r, rrn-nrllv .md lw u•rt,111111 1,n't
d1,1111. H<.> 11ork<. long hour<., "º lll'\
h.1rd·1\!irl..ing. 1 gm..,s. l lt• "'l.'<.'111�
hu1w,t ,md tidv.
,: l "l'I.' -.<1 ertn ... 11!,,11 d<11.•, lw lil..t•?
\\h,11,m· ln-, in1c•n•,1,!
,: \\di, be lih.., 11,1!drn1g ,por1 on
T\, hut ht' rtoc-n t pl,11 anv. h. 11h,11
l'l<.c.'I I tt· dtK«,n l vmoko. m i,1c t he•
h,111.., ,mol,.ing. Oh, lw <ald he lil..t"'
t ooktng, 11hc·11 hc-, gol urne.
<.: OK, ,o [K•rh,1p, ht"� ,1 hit t¡Ult'l. \\'h,,t
cfrK.., hl' look lil..1·? Do(.., lw lnol,. tid,
,1nd \nlolrt!
�: \\¡,lJ, lw'<ó ,1 rlo11or. ,o ht• loo!..,
prn1(',�1nn,1I. l ll' \\1•,1r, nit l' t lottu....
Hl•'s gl)I ,h(H"t lmM11 h,1ir. In !,1(1, ht'
lool.., lih· th,lt Holl11\(KJd ,K1or, you
l..11011, Tom ( ru1,l'.
,. R<.'.111\? l m not ,ur<' th,11, ,l !,IO(lfi
1h1ng! 1,ii. \\h,11 dn)-(IU lhi11k? \\'ould
\ ou lill' to lill' 11 ith him?
,: \•lmm, ll''· 1 th111I.. ..ii. l'm h,1pp� to
111 l' \\ ith ,1 quic·I JX'Nll).
,: \\.l1.i1. likP rrn•?!
AUDIOSCRIPTS
x: )'(',lh. l'\;J<. ti,! Ami l"d 111..l' to l11t' 11ith
,1 C.1n.1di,m, ,m1 l..n1/\\, rll\ ,i�lt•r liH..,
in Toron!o. Al"<), doctor-, art· u,u,111\
hont"'t ,md r<."-p1.m,iblC>. \\lh.1t .1boul
l'OU?
,: \\ldl ... l'rm ... lw <.ound� quitt• qu1l't
... tell m<.• .1houl 1ht' other, íir�r ...
lesson 2.4 Track 1.16
1 �1arte1:l k·,1rning lo drr1..l' ,1hl•n 1 ,,a,
eigh!l'l'll. 1 h,1d m\ Ílt"',f lt.><-'i<Jn� 1,11h m,
1,11her. hut ht' 11,1� ll't) imp,1!i<.•nt 1111h
mt'. l lt' ,111\,ll, ,hm11C'd .11 nw ,1 lwn I
m,1dt• ,, mi�1.1k<'. l,iJ 1 l'<<'nl to ,1 dri1ing
sth1K1I in,tl'.id. 1 ,,,1,1i't <1 umiitlent
dri'<N ,md l l,111 ,ti11 he.ir thc 11·ord, of
the in<.trutlor: 'Morl'g,1,! ,\\ore g,1,!' 1 ll'
.il,1.11 � \\ ,lllll'<I mt• to go 1,1<.tcr. Ll•,m1ing
lo drill' 11.1<.n't l"-IK'l..i.JII\ l','"' or
di11ieul1. hut I didn'1 l'njm it lt't) mulh.
1 11 ,1<. li, ing in ,l hig t ily ;ind tht•re 1,,1� ,1
lot oí tr.i1ik - ewr. Olll' ,.,. ,1, dri, ing 1,1"1
ltM). 1111.1,n 1 mu<.h Jun. 1 i.1ilt-<I nl\ lt..,t
tht• fir,111mc, hut l 11.1�<.t'<l tlw <.t'< ond
rmw. 1 didn'1 fN,I proud or ('\l itt'CI -1
11,1� jL1�1 h,1pp1 1111J� fini,hcd.
2 tht' l..itt hl'll, 1 ,111\,l\, h,1w lht· r,1din
I IC',lrnt'fl Ru�,i.m ,11 <..< hnnl. TI1t'J"L' \\,t<.
,1 tl',KhL·r \\ho t.iught Litin. hu! lw ,ll"IJ
1..n('\\ Ru,�i.m. ll \\,l� iu11n1 IK'l,IU"e· I
\\,l'- tlw cml, ,iud1·nt in 1h<• t IJ,� il \\,l"
fl',111) ,1 pri1,1tt• ll'Wlll. 1 h,ul Jll t'1Ll'llmt
(oursclx,ok. 1 (,ltl'1 rt'nll'mlx-r mu(h
,11>ou1 it ... t•rm ... llw rront ( mt•r "·"
rt'<l ,md i111.h H't) modC'rn. ! c.uning
Ku,�i.111 \\,1', <]llllt' l'·'"'· 11,,1" �urpri',1.'íL
l11e 1(',ll her ,1 ,1, ge MH.I ,e, th,,t lwl pt'<I
,1 lul. 1\l,o, l'm quilL' wxxl ,1! le,1rning
l,mgu,1¡.:1..,. lt 1\,1, rt•,111\ 1•n101,1h!l' loo. 1
IO\('(J tlw <.<.)und of the 1Hird,. J it•lt m1II)
proud 11 lwn I uiufll rt•,1d ,1 $lulrt ,1or. in
Ru,,i,111 ,1t1<l II lwn I p.l�'<'<l m) t'\,m1.
Lesson 3.1 Track 1.17
( ,1/111m I li ·lt·n
t: ! ti, C.1llum Rnlwrt•,on.
H: 1 klln ( ,1llum. l�t'lt·n fr,mt i, from
Tllt' !\,1//()/).
e: 1 li. Ho11 .irt' , oul TI1.inl,,,� ím 1lw
1·m,1il.
11: l"m ln1l'. 111,uil.., for ,1¡.:rt'<'ing tn do
tht· 111tt'" it'l1. ,\<. 1 mt•nliont'(I in tht•
t'm,iil. 11, rn•11, ,1mpk• rt•,1111. lth1 .1
ÍP,1 qu1..,11011, .1hou1 lht• nwdi,1. ,ou
t,111 ,,11 ,l" rnu1 h or ,1, littlt' ,1' 1tJ\J
lile·.
(.: íinl' ).\O dhl',U!.
11: ()),,. ... fir,t ql1t..,t1on: 11hi<.h
nt'll"fl,lpt:r, do 1ou fl•,1d!
<: 1 don'1 bu, ,1 1lt'\1,p,1p1•r ('\l'I'\ d,l\
ht't.,lll<.t' 1 don t r<•,111, h,l\t' linw
10 rt.\lcl ont'. 1 1 \ i I(• tn 11orl,. t'\'t't"'\
d,11 ,md 1t'<. ,l hit rl1!11t ull to fl'.ld a
ll<'\\ "fl,liH.'r II hik• you'n, l, t ling. lf I
tr.iH·I h1 tr,1in I g...i om• tll tht' trt'I.'
t1('\\,p,1¡X'r�. lill' lhc• \fc•/m 1hal 11t•
h,11e hl'rl' in London. Bue 11hl'n r gct
hl \\orl,,, 11C' h,1w tht· rb1h p,1fX'I"',
lwrt'. ',() .11 lund1tmw, 1 rtwl Th,•
( ,u.1rdi.m or I h,lH' ,, look ,1l otll' ni
tht• t,1blo1rk
11: \\h,11 ,iliout m.ig.iLim�?
e 1 <.ub.;< nlx· lo ,l < rnnpult•r 111.1g.1Linl'.
\/,11 1 \'orfiJ, fio.'(",lli<.(' f h,Wt' ,l \,\,lt
,1t home .iml 1 lih• lo kt.'t'p up \\ 11h
1\h,11's going on \\ith ,\1,1< ,. Ami
..it 11·11rk I l(iol.. al "<1m1.· 1,i tlw 1r,1dt·
m,1g,11inl"> .md "-OlllC' nth('I" computN
.md lntl'rrwl m,1g,uint·�. bu1 ,1¡>.irl
from lh,11 1 don l ,¡wn<I ,1 lo1 of tinw
11 ith m,1g,11int'\
11: l h-huh. Wh,11 do \ou 11,11< h nn TV?
t: 111,,tl h ,, grt·,it 1lt·,1I nt tt·h i\i0t1. 1
llfl)b,1bi\ W,ltlh l(KI tllll( h ll'lt•\ l'l(Hl.
I lik1.• do1.. unlt'nt.1rk•, .md l I mll'IÍll''· 1
lih, Amerk,111 dr.1m,1 �,rit"- lile lh(•
Snrr,mo1 .md IR. ,m<I thing, l1l..t• !h,1t.
But Ido h,lH' ,qu.irt' l'\'t'"· r thml...
11: Do vou l'\Pr li'-lt.'n 10 tht• r,1dio, apar1
irum thl' progr.imml.., \OU m,11,,,p?
<: 1 li�lt.'n to 1hc r,1<110 ,1 lol. J thml.. 11'� ,1
)ifl',ll tlll'<lium. \Vhm l'm ux,l..111g in
un. \\ht·n l'm in lhl' h.1th, 1 h,lll' th(·
r,1dio un ,md 1dw11 I go !o ,lc'l�l ,11
rnght I h,11e tlw r,1di1 > 011. ,\nd i1'..
.itlu.1111 on throughou11fw nighl,
,md \\lll'n 111,11..t· up 111 tlw mornmg
I h,1,¡• flw r,1dio on. lt\ m,1inl1 t,111..
r.1rh11: n1·,1� \\,1110!1 HB( 1 i\C I ill' i,
tlll' <.t,1t1on l !t'nd !n li,1t•n to, th.11 or
R,1dio ·t ,molht.·r HBC <.l,tlion. 1 d()n'!
li-tl'll lO ll'r\ mud1 mu,il on 1he
r,1dio, hut l lm1• tlw r,ulio i1', grl',11.
11: ( ,1111 ,,,l.. 1nu hrn, \OU U"1..' llw
lntl'rnl·t!
e: l ll<.(.' tht• lntl'rnet ,, gm1t dl•.il. t\t
11orl.. 11\ p,1r1 oÍm) job, ,md ,1\ homt•
I u,t• i1 ,1 lot. oh, iou,I} 1or t•m,111.
\ml lht"'(' d,11, l lN' it 1or .111 01 m,
h,rnl..111¡.: ,llld ,l lot ni lll\ ,hupping
,md ,o 1t\ ,m indi"f)('n�.,blt• lool 1or
rm• 11m1, llw lnll'rtwt, 1or liu,im•"' u,l'
.1nd for ¡K•r-1111,11 u,l'.
11: ()t,.,, 1in.1II\, do 1ou thinl.. thl·
lnll'rl)('l 1, th,1ng111g llw ,1,11 11t• U'-t'
ml'<li.1? Fm t•,.implt•, do ,ou thin�
lll'II 'P•lf>t'r, h.i, e ,1 futurt•?
l: l lhrnl.. thl' JntN1wt ,1llm1, ¡woplt· to
g¡•I tht•ir tl<'I\" lrnm d1ffr.rt•n1 pl,11 t-.
,md do re"'l',mh. Fr, but ! don't lhinl,,,
lh(' lnlC"rnt•l 11ill dt..,trn1 11t•11,p,1¡wr".
In'< ,1,1,l' h,111ng ,imw!hing phi �lt ,ll
in ,mir h.1ml, lllr r1'.1rlu1¡:: ,Hlrl 1w11it1¡::,
i, importan!. ,nu t ,m \\ rlll• 11n 11, ,. c1u
l,111 dll 1he ui,...,11ord on ll. '-<.1, tht•
ln1crnc•1 L,1n ¡::i\l' u� ,1 101, hut I don'1
thinl.. it t,111 l'IL'r rt•pl,lll' 11t'\\,p,1¡x-r,.
H: Gre,1t! lh,1t", 11. 111.ml.., 1t•r. n1u( h.
t\LJDIO"i( Rll'T..,
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

r- \\\ pk•,1-.ure. 1 m lool..mH 1m,,1rd to 1: 'º· 1 ... 1 ,km 1 1h1nl.. th.,r.. ,1 1.11mmun1t,lting. ThC' t<.•,Jt ht•r t ,m go
the Jr1icll'! good idcJ. \\ t' don'1 n('(_'Cl mOf'l' mund tht· e l,1,s ,md li<.ten <.Jrt•1ulh to
11: \ \di, \\ l' t ,m -cod VOU ,l COfl\ \\ hen Írllt'f\ iCIIS, ,.md fil h f'l't>plt• ,lf(' �luden!\ ,md m.1kr ht'lpful 1..nmnlt'nt,.
i1 � rmch. ortL'fl rcalh l>oring. l think \\t.' t\nd 1h1..•rt• ,m• proh.1hl� m,m, n11in•
e Th•.ml<.. l l<•lrn. Goodhw. �hould do <,(,nll'th1m: .1houl lu¡,:h n•.1<on, 1 h,1\l'n't mt•ntionc'fl. So \H'
ti: (_�xxlll\l'. proí'ilt• hu,;rn¡,c;<,p-., \OU km)\\ t'f. horx.• th.i! , ou II ill ,1ppr1."< i,11e .md t"nj111
likP GooglC'. Som, Applt•. \ou kn011 1\orl..mg 111 p,1irs Jnd �m.111 group, evcn
Lesson 3.3 Track 1.18 th<• hit.: hu-.ill('-,'>t.., thJI h,1\ e ,111 thP ii 111u h,1\<.•n't lc;irnt'll in th1<. 11,11 bctorC'.
c\<.11ing nt'I\ idc.i� .ind produc 1,.
I tdlu ,md ,,l'l<11mc• tn Fonw and t.: GrcJI ide.1. So. l\{'\'l' got •,omt•
f 01111rn:•, tht.• prt)8r.1mmt.• 1h..11 hring� pol1ti1.,; mu,;¡c_ ,md hu,inL"'!- JII 1\ith
Track 1.23
,ou the tn-chcst ncws ,mr/, ll'''"
trom .i tr1.."'h ,mµIC'. 1 thml. 1ht"'l' thmg� ,1rt• RnlH..•rt,1 111100
the ,,urlct.. oi pohtn s, bu.. tncss ,md },.'<Xxl ror lhe t.irge1 .iudtt•nu•, hui thP 11: Oh.. !>O tht· qut"-lion ¡,.: Do Hlll
t'llll'l1Jinmt.'fl1. In tod,1, 's prograrnme. pn�r,mmw i<. .in hour long.\\ h.11 J/11 ,JI ' f>t,/ic>I I' /h(' 11('\ 1 '! 1,1 ighf , . do
,,C' m1m ll'\\ tho dqml) prime' mirn .. ter dSC" �hall ,,e pul in the prop,r,munc! ,ou 11,m11n ,t,irr/
,1hout ht'f "IX>rting past .md her currcnt H: \\ h,1t JIXJut ,onwlhing II ith ,mimJI�? 1: \{,,;;, Jlright. Er. 1,cll ... 11 dt1H..'mk
1,1mih hre \H' nccr lhe hoUt"il \C)(Jn),: 1,,IJ:Anim,11<.!? I IH..·lie\l' mo.;I 01 tht· n<.'I,., on
iílm dir('(.lor<. 10 lrt'l,1nd ,md tht.-rt•\ 1: Ami. jU\I hcl\, ,lft' ,m1m,1I<. <.onnt't1t'tl T\, t'<óJX'(i,111, the BBC ore,,
mu,.it trom llw ch.1rt-topp1ng band Ibo to l,mx• ,md r,1rtunt• t",.Jt th? ll<.'11". The\ 're big. inlcrnJti11n,1I
Houcfa.�. Our hu"mt'5'- "JX'<.1,1li ..1, Ton, B: \\dl. 1 thought lh,11 ¡x•rhJl:J'ó 111..• tould nrg,m1�.1tion� ,,ncl .1 111! 01 [X.'t1p[<• lru"1
Cntton , i<,1ti. thc Go1�[(' oilltl"> in thc tlwm, induding nw! 1 !x.,lit·,1.· thl'ir
iind pe!\ th,11 h,11e unu,t1,1I t.1lt•nts,
�1,11('<., ,md 1, nne ,\ lillt•r hring.." , ou tht.· 1\dh1h,,; loo.
\OU l.fll.l\\ c.1L, thJI <..in \In¡.:. And
l,11t,,;1 cC'IC'l1r,1, �')<;"11). f1r<,1 or ,111, O\t'f In 11: \\'h,1! do vou thmk ,1hou1
tlw ncw .. -tudlo ror tht• ht•,1dlin<.'<ó ol tho tht'n 1,1..· <.ould h,11e ,1 <.om¡ll'l1linn.
,mcl 1ou l.1101,, m.1l.t> thrn1 t,mmu�. nC'll'fM¡x.•r-? Do �ou hc.'lil'\l' tllt'm/
\\('('" .. 1,.: Ancl 1ou mili, thmk th,111oung 1: 'º· 1 ckm'1 bC'lit'\t' rlt'\1•p,1¡M.'I'< •,o
,1dul1 ... ,111<.'r ,1 h,mi 11('<'1.. ,111,ork ,1((.' mmh.1 thmk '11m1•011lw111 IH11t'
Track 1.20 rntt'fl"lt'<i in lh,11! ,m\ thing ju<.! ro '-t'II. ,ou l..11011,
/t•ll. J..llw H1/f n: \\t-11 1 ckm't knlll\, crm, 1,ell. '-1orics ,1IM1ut tddJritit><; ...
r: Oh.1hPn, Bill, h.dil', vou'vc rcad ¡x•rh,lp!> nol l'rm. ¡x.•rh.1p., 1h.11\ not ,1 11: ,t�. hut !h,1t t,m lx• rntt'r("-ling
g1Mx! idl'J. \\h, don'\ 11(' ... ..onwtin,c><; 11 hC'n vnu ckm't 11,mt
tlw hril'I íor the nl'\\ programme.
rl·,1111 ,1.•rimis 111•11,.
Tn ,umm,1rÍ'>t'. it'v ,1 m,1�JLÍrll'-"I' ll' 1: \\mm. 1e1u'r1..• right ,Kl,1,1!/\. h i�
progr,1mn1t· 1, 11h ,1 ,nung ,1cluh Lesson 3.4 Track 1.22 «ml<.'tim1....; intN(•,1ing to ff•,1d tho:-,t•
,1ud1t'f1LC' ,md it'!> tor !ht..• C',uh Frid,1,
t•wrnng �lot. The 11nrl...m¡.: tith- is Onc 011\w 11,1\\ \H' 111...r to 11orl.. I!> h, l...ind, oí m'\'<'- '-luril,. ,\m \\,1\.
F,m"N • ,md onuno.
í �011 's thc- time ,1sl..mg ,ou to do thing<. m p.11r\ or �rn.il! ,motlwr 1hmg i� ... tht• 1w,1,p,11x·r.
to sort out -ome dct,1il<.. ,\m ,<le-a\? gruup<.. �,orne' <.tudt·nt, thrnk th1<. I" ,l .1rt• ott1.•n I t'fl. politi1..,1I. �Jml' ,1r1·
\1,1<.I<.' ot tinw. Th1.•1don111,rnl to li.,1t·n Úir 1hl' ).lll\1'!!!1111'111, .im f t>tfll'I) ,lfl..'
h., liC'?
,md 1,111.. tu otht•r "!Udl•ni..· tht•\ 11,1111 tu ,1g.iin,1 tlw gmt•rnml'lll.
1,.: \\di k'n. l lhml,, 11t• ..hould melude
t ommuni< ,ll(' 11 tth tht• tt•,11 ht•r. 11: Ah<.0lut1.•l1. t\nd lh<'} 1rv to mtlut•1111•
some pohtn-, 111 fbc prc�r,1mnl(•,
1nu.
1: Puliti< <.? Rc.1111' H<,1,e1cr. ht•n•,1t llw�orl,, l,1ngu.1gt•
•• Í thml.. T\ nl'I\� ¡., 1,1irl'r. lt\ mor<.'
1,.: k.1h l l...1101, 1x1lifo, 1'- u<.uJlh ,1 ( l.'lllfl'. \\P O('lit.'11.' tht•rt• .lrl' !11.1111 h.1l,u1t ,'tl. Am 11,11, "h.it d, J �ou
turn-011 ror thi .. Jud1l.'OLL', hui l lhinl... ,1ch,ml,1g1..,,; to 11orkm¡..: 111 p.1rr.. or ,111.111 thinl..! Du 1uu IM.•lil.'H' th1.· 11t•11,/

11<.' <.,111 do u m ,l rll'\I 1\J\. group�. 11r,t, it 1nlft',l'-t" tht• ,1rnount 11: \Vt•!I, ( think l ,lWt't' 11ith \OU.
J: Oh H."'. ,mrl hm, do 11t._• do th.u! or l1n1t• 1.•,1<.h <.\ud1..•n1 t,ln 1.111..: ,ou h..1�ic.ilh. l tru,1T\ n1....,, nmn•. Hut
1,.: \ \di, 1,h\ clon't 11 I' gf't sorne
t,l!l t JII h,11 t' long< on,er...111nn, 1\ ith tht•rt•\ ,1 '[H..'< 1,11 prohlt•m lwrt' 111
tht• tt•,itht•r, hui 1t i� 1x,..,ibll' to h,iw
Jkllili<.i,lrl'- on the pnigr,1mme? Bnt,1in, t'lt'n on rtwT\' 111·11, ... �0.1
quill' l,m¡.: t nm t•r..,111011,; 1111h ,uur l..111)11 if', t/w 11,11 lhl'\ t,111,. ,1!)11Ut
I hMl'H'r ll'I\ no1 mtff11l'\1 thcm
p,trt1wr ,md 1h,1t "fX.•,11..m¡.: pr,1dill•
.1IM1Ul JMlliti( �. h1,t1•,ul IL·r, J,I,, Luru¡x:• tht•1 '>t'l'tn lo tl'!l Briti,h
¡,. 1mprn1.1nl. ,umlx•r 1110: il ht•lp� ¡x:·opll' 11h,1l th1•1 11,ml to lw,1r ...
them .1lx1u11ht•1r hH"' - ,nu l.nm1,
,1url1•111, 1.x.'t.omt· mort• <.on1i1lt•nt. Som, r don'! rl',1lh und<•r..t,md. \\ h,11
""f'll.'tt,1lh il lh<.•1 'rt• .1 litllt• �h't- ,1htmt
inl1•r1..,,;I<., 1.11111h, p1..·rh,11><- therr luc 1:
bctorc ¡k1lilil e, do \ot1 ffK',m t·,.1t!l1?
"flt',1l.in¡.: in front oí 1he 11 hol1..• t l,1<.,, 11: \\'l•ll ... 1\hl'n 1h1..•\ 1.111... ,1hou1 turo1w
1: C)h. co l'í. pol1111..i,m� 11 ithout polluc "· Rt•,1,tm numlx'r thrt't.' 11 t•nuiur,1¡..:t"-
t.: [\,ltll,. in 1h1• nwdi,1 ... 11'<. ... 111..t• 11', .1 b,1rl
"tuclt•nt\ 10 lx't onw mor(' 111clt·1x•mk-nt 1l1i11g, 1ou kml\'<, 111..1· 1t', u,;,1nd thl'm
B: 1 Id,<.• JI.
J: \ocli,I.Amth1n¡.:dw?Hill?
lt•,,rnt•r-. - thl'1 n• not ,11\1,1\, 11,1iting . .. Brit,1in, g¡M1d ,md �urt>rx·\ l1.1d.
111, th1..• tt•,1dll'r to lt•II thl'm II h.11 10 I rn 11,ili,m ,o 1h,11 m,11..,... nw .mgr,.
u: \ \ lwl ,ilx,ut mu-« ? \ \ I' •d10uld h,ll'l' J
clo. ",,umlx·r lour: i1 pm'v1dt... \..lílt'I� 1: �). ,lft' \OU ,.11ing th,1l lh<.· ltri1i,h l('t•I
livc h,md on lhP pm1..:r,1mrn1.'. in lht.' l<."':.on - "-11mt•t1m1..; tht• tt•atht•r th.11 thl.'1 ,m•n't m1ll1 p.1rt ot h1rop1.·?
J: J .i¡.:rt't\ hui. thcn ,1g,11n. <,() n1.1m i, 1,111..mg <.onw11m,,.. 1ou 1\orl... in 11: ,1....., l'\,11 th.
progr,1mmt..-. do lh,11. p,m, or 111 ¡..:roup, Jnd ,om1.•timt" 1: \\mm th.11\ ,m intt'rt,tm� point. l'm
H: lh.1t\ lmr hut 11/i\ don't 11t' gt>t thl• ,ou h,111..• ,1 b1g ti,,,, di"<u"�ion thi� not ,urc l .1�n.'t' 11ith \OU, 1hough.
b.md 10 portorm three o, lour <,(,ng-. m.11..c,,; tht• 1 l.1�� mor1.· intt•rt..,1in¡.: t\n�11J1 .11 lc.1,t tlw Bnti,h ml'fli,1 ,,1�
r.uhor than ju<.t orw? Tht• llllh rt',Nlll r<. 1h,11 \Oll l,Hl lt',lfll 'll/1J!'Fhin� ,llX:IUI hirnpl'. ¡ rll'\t'f '>t'('
J: ,1tl' 1ck,.1. th,1t 11,11 »cgct .1 mu1..h intt•r('>.1111!,! rhing� rrum nllwr �ruckn!,, ,111\ nt•\\' ,1houl �outli h.orc,1 .it ,111.
IM.·11l·r 1ch1 ,1lx1ut lhl' h,md. not onh lrnm lhl' t<.•Jdwr! l ,1,t l1u1 nol ,\\1 lountf\ dn1..,n'1 rl',1111 !'\l,I fnr
t.: 1111('. hut 1d1,11 ,1lx1ul ll1t• 1ortunt> ll',1�1 11 giH"' tht• lt•,1<hcr thC' 1.h,mH' 1h1•m.
p,1rt ot th<.• pmgr.1rnml'? \ \ h.11 ,1hout to <.1't' ho11 t'\t'í\lkxh ,, 11nrl...1ng ,1nd
1111('1'11<.'11 mg m h IX't)fllt•?

.\l 1)1()',( \.!11'1 ....

152

Review Units 1-3 Track 1.24
5,1/11. Gí'oíf
�: Hi. Gl'off. C.m t talk to vou íor ,1
minute!
L: Surc. wha1 is it?
�: Wcll, 1•es1crd,1y I mcl that gu) Stcvc
Giles you know. the onc 1 though1
.1s a possiblc prcsonter for our new
11
reali1) TV show.
e: Oh. ves. \Vhal's he likc?
s: rcícc. Hl''s ''C'I)' pohtc. ,1mi chceriul ..
e: l told on, 5.111)', can be present .t
rcalilv TV show? 1 don'I think wc
11,mt .1 nicc.pohn- pcrson for that!
�: Don't vou? Wdl, l'm nol surc. 1 thmk
the prescotc- has to IX' fricndlv so
that pcopto want to watch him. 1 lo's
rc.1lh comiden! 100.
e: OK. \\lh,11 dO<'S he fnok likc?
s: He's good-looking. l tc's gol shorl
d,irl.. h.ur, lmeh cvcs. Hes not VN)'
sm.nt. though. his rtorhos. 1 moan.
e;: is lu- scruff, �
\ vb.u.
s: No. no. not scruti1, casual. You
koov. he 11.1s wc,iring jcans .md .1
"l-shrrt. But wc dcn't ncod ,l re.1lly
snurt pcrscn IOr this show. 1 think
\\C nccd somconc voung and
rclaxcd.
c..: Y('!,. <:0 do l. A lot oí young peoplc
\\¡]I watch 11.
,: Exartlv. \\'h\ don'r\H' im iw him
10 ml't>I the <.dd>rili<.-s in thc show?
You know. SCC' ho,, thev all ge! on. 1
thlnk \\C should .ur,1nge J meeting.
e;: 1 don't agrcc. S.111}, ll's too soon. Wc
don't know cnough aboot Stcve yct.
\\'h.it about gculng him 10 thc studio
ter a camcr,1 test S<.'C how he looks
on scrccnt
s: Oh, good idea. 1 ct's do that. /'11 ...
Lesson 4.1 Track 1.25
Extrae! 1
S.1d ncw'< imm hcad officc cooccmlug
our worl m Aíric,l. Umortun.:itelv, wc've
doscd our mohilc clinlce in [thiopi,1
bccausc oi severe firuncial pr<�)lems.
l ,1s1 }'ear. \\C ran ll'fl hcalth centros in
Afrk,1 IJU\, this vear, we'w rocoívcd
\'Cf\ Hutc mon<."\ ,md \\C cen't conttnuc
to ottcr rucdrcal 5CJ\ ice_><; ac ross the
conuocu. \ ve'vc dccided to close thc
two Fthiopi,m centros and \\'C hope to
raise more monev ...
btract 2
\ Vorling hore is Ihc IM;;><;I thing rvc cvcr
done. whcn 1 worked in thc UK I got
borcd with Ihe <i.lil, routinc. hut out
twn· 1 íind even cli, tnt1!resling and
rk'fll.:l.nding. l'm ,,orking in a small dinic
in !he middlc> oí the jungl<' ,md l\'C
nC\cr don<' soch ímport.m1 work bcforc.
Thc \ ill,1gcr,; in this rcgioo c,1n't get to
govcrnmcnt hospit,1k <,0 lhis clmiL is thc
AUDIOSCRIPTS
only hope lht'\ h,1v<.•. J u�ua!lv do Jbout
two opc>r,1tions ,1 d,l\ ,1nd, so Í,ir, in m,
llme lwre, J'vc> proh,1blv s.wcd .1bout il
hundrerl livC"<. \ Vhen your ,,ork is vel)
im¡X>rt.1nt. \'OU ..
Edrad 3
Thc l,1ck oi food and fXlOr dil'I in
this region cau� manv of lhe heahh
problcms for th<' loc,11 pt'(>ple. Wc
w;mted to reduce thcir nccd for doctor�
likc u� so. on 1 si J.mual'\ 2004. 11'l'
deoded to cduc,1te th<· loc,11 pcop!c
,1bout thC' C'ÍiC'CIS of malnutrition. Finally,
,1ítcr manv vC'ars of planning and rais1ng
mont'\'. in lanual'\ oí th1s ye.ir. Wl' slarlcd
,1 tra101ng progr,1mrm•. �o far. 11c\'C
tr,1inc,:I j()O fX.'OplC'. 13, the end oí thc
vear. th,1t number ,1 di !w 1,000. \ler.i is
domg th<· coursc a1 lhl' mom<'nt. 'Thls
cuursc has givcn me m,my ncw skills.
Heíorc, 1 didn't know how to hdp peoplc>
in my v1Uagc. Now. l'm surc> 1 can m.ike
.1 difforencc.' V<'f,l finishcs lhC' coursc
next week and 1hcn shc'II rC'tum 10 her
vill,1gc ...
Extract .J
I oíten work íor [MA ,md l've worked in
Kcnv,1, Nepal and Pcru. J towcver. m)'
currcnt posilion. hcrc in Sri 1 ,mk,1, is
pcrh.1p" the most diflicull job l'vc> ha<I
!>O far. Lasl }'C,lr, ,m carthquakc hit 1hi�
.ire.i ,md lhis C,lU!'<.-d a m,1ssive amount
of d.1m.tgl'. l\c> ncver '-l-'t:'11 ,.., mu< h
destruction l>Cforc>. 1 hdp 1hc doctors m .1
coup!c ot dinics - onc hcre and .mol her
in ,l �m.1llcr vill,1ge about len kilomctres
,1wav. J SC'C' ¡x,oplc ,,i1h rlisc,1ses and
scriou5 injurit..-'S. Today l'vC' S<.'l'll íony
p.:i.tients, ,md I don't íinish work for
anoth<'f íour hours. Thcsc ,1rc busr d,1ys
indccd. 1 sr.1ned work ,11 scvcn
Lesson 4.3 Track 1.26
.\/,JI}, Luq
M: Right, 110\1 lucv, 1 OC't'..'d to ask ,uu
a ÍC'\\ qut'Shons. t l,wc vou seen ,l
doL-tor rccc>ntl\?
L: No, 1 h,nc>n'I.
,1: OK. llave ,ou h.id ,m\ <l,1ys off sick
in the l.1st two \ e.ir,;?
t: Erm. \'t-S, 1 h,1w ... about Íi\C, l thmk.
M: Right. could \'OU 1dl ITTC' whv?
l: Oh, ¡ust ror minor thing� - colds and
'ílu. vou knm, 1hc> kmd ot thmg.
r.,: Surc, that's fine ior now. but 1 ,,,1n1 lo
gt,,e ,uu sonw .id-.•ice l,1\C'í. OK' Do
)'OU h.J\C ,1 h,1ck problcm?
l: tr. , es, 1 do . .1ctuaUy. lt's nol wry
scriou<; though.
M: OK. ,,ell. that's vour opinion. How
long h,l\'C' vou h.:i.d this probl(•m?
1: \<\'ell, íor .iboul !hrl'e years I had a
mtnor e.u ,icdck.'flt ,md sincc 1hcn.
wdl. l'vc h.id this problem with my
lower back.
¡.¡: 1 �'C. \Vdl, lct me 1-nU\, ii it ge1s
1, Or<,C' .1l work here. Do you �uiil'r
from neck p,1in?
L: No. r don't. The pruh!cm i<; ju�t with
m, lower hack.
,1: R1gh1. Do you h.ivl' good ("¡'<.'Sight?
L: No. 1 don'1 ac1u,lll}, but I wear
con1act ll'nscs so LherP aren'! .iny
problcms.
M: Fine. \\lhc>n did \'OU l,1st go to the
optician's?
L: Oh. six monlhs ,1go. more or lcss.
,\t: OK, the l.1�l ícw qul'�tiu11� nuw. Du
you oftcn g<'l hc,1dachc<;/
L: No, 1 don'!.
.,1: Do you of1en gel cokl" or 'tlu?
L: No. not very of!en. Perh,1ps ,1 couple
of times ,1 �'C.ir.
M: Bul th,11 means \uu <;Qmclimcs 1.ike
time ott work, do<.'Sn't 1t?
L: Erm, ye-., lm1 nol l'CI)' ollcn.
M: 1 know, but 1w < ,in �lill improve
things, <.an't we? 1 c.m givt> you '>(JlllC
,,clviu! about preventing lhesc minor
dln<.'SSI-S.
L: OK, well, anv more qucsl1ons?
M: Yes, thc J,1st one. Do ,·ou somctmws
g<•! S1rCSR'Cf br IH)rk?
1: Yes, 1 do! 1 w.is slrCS!>('Cl ,111 the linw i11
my l.ist job. th,1t's why l'VP Lhanged
jobs. in ordcr 1n rt.'<lucc m}' '>lrcss. 1
hope things ,uc bcttcr here.
Track 1.29
M,1ry, D.ivid
r.,: So then, Davitl. wh,1\'s the maucr!
n: \Vell. er. the thmg is th,11. a11he end
of ,l d,ll' .11 work, my n<.'l.k rc,,lly
huns.
M: 1 SL'C. Do you do a lot oí computer
work?
o: \Vc/1, �'l.."i, 1 do. 1 spl:nd ,111 cla�· .11 th<.•
compuler, hut I t.ike regular bre,1ks.
M: OK. th.it's good, bu1 do you strl'tch
vour arm�?
u: Sorry!
,1: \Vell, e\'el)' h,1lí hour, vm1 should
'>lretch your ,1rms to reduce 1hc
tens1on in }�>Ur ned.:.
u: 1 S<.'C'. \Vcll. 1 can do thal, l gut.'S'-.
[\'l'rV JO m1nutt-s?
.,1: Y<."i, ,md m.11,.e sure 1ou do th.11 No,,.
I s<.-c from vour rccords that ymi're
oi1en off sick.
o: \Vell, not ver1 oílen, bt1l. }C"'i, 1 <;('(•m
10 g¡-•t ,1 101 oi colds and 1hi11gs.
,1: 1 Sl.'C'. C,m ! .i�k aboul }OUr gencr,1)
liies1yle? Do ,ou P,lt wcl!? Do yuu
smokl'?
o: \Vdl, ('f, 1 don't <:mokc ,tnd l e,1t qullt'
well.
That's gcKXI 1hat \OU don't srnoke. Do
M:
vou e.ita 101 of íru1t ,md vegctablcs!
u: Not rcallv, (_'<p._>ei,illy nol fnul.
M: Right. well, bec.,use you don'r e.i! a
Jot of fruir. l thmk you should t,1ke
�Ollll' vil,tn1m�. You knnw vi1,m1in�
help íigh! colrls. clon't yuu?
AUDIOSCRIPTS 153

1>: 'IUrL', Ok.
,1: \\l'II, i1 vnu knnw, \\h\ doo't vou
1.11..(., thcm ,1lnwl} r
D: \ \ t•II, , ou lnow, l'm H.'I'\ buw ,iml ...
.1,1: i\.o l'\( U�l"ó, plt',l'-l', 0,1\ id. t\.m,, \!JU
-hould ,11',(J l',l! g.rrln IX't,llN' u helpv
1igh1 <..ufct, loo. And 11 .. hould be r.1,,
whcn vou h,1\t' 11. don't wol 1t.
1>: RL·,111,? l-nu, l don't rt•,,lh likc g,,rlit
but ,, l'II, c•r, pcrh,ip\ ...
": lhert•', no rwh,1p� ,ihoul it. lhc
L omp,,n, doc...;n't \H•!n1nit• d,I\ � on
tor ulkk Nm,. íin,,11\, in order 10
impro\l' vour iwnl'r,11 ht•,1l1h. vou
�hou!d cln ',omc• l'\t•rti'>t.'.
n: Oh, 1 do ,1lm1<h. 1 r, 1 Hº �,, nnmlng
011(.(.' ,l \\('(_•k.
.1.1: \'\t•II, th.n'c good, hut }OU <hould go
swimmlng lhn.'<.' nme, ,1 \H't.'l Ql th.n
it mlll\ h('/p� \OUf lw.ilth.
r» 1 knrM hui, \H'II I don ·, n,•,1\1) hilH'
,1 lot or rrcc timt•, \c.>U J..nrM, Wl' 11orJ..
long hourv hen-.
11: r J..nn11, bu1 the hcalrhicr \Ull arr-, rhc
mnn- time· }Oll 1\11/ havc.
o: 1 r, 1 guv,, �'- ír, ,H1)11,11, tinw lo
¡.\t'! ha(J.. to thc compult'f' cr, don'1
11om, 1'11 ... 1'11 do sorne <.trl'lth(')!
M: Anrl e.u <.ornt• Innt. and don't torgl't
thc gadu ...
Lesson 5.1 Track 1.31
!�l.md� h,l\l' tht,ir m, n J..intl nf m,1g1t,
,1nd (;r1'f.•11IJnd i� Olll' of rhe rno�t
m,1gi1,1I ot them ,111. Durin¡.: thc <ummcr
rm1111h,. 11·� d,1\ li¡.\hl;, lo! of tbo tinw
- ,md n', h,1rd to ,lt'<'r! Hu! 1h,11 J;1i1e,
I nu mnrl' tmw to <.('<' 1}¡1� �lr;,ngc. 11 .ld
,inri cnormou-, pl,1t t•. Gn•rnl,1nd is
ili.cilJAA!.:::.l.h1rncJ i.a...llli:..i1Pckf. 11 lit•,
ht•l\1 C'C'n thc- /'.nrth i\11,Ulllt ,1nd Art lit
e k t•,m, «u tho t c1.1,t ot /'.mth Anwric ,1.
n-, Jlmo,t l\11Hh1r(b lht• �i/l' of
Au,1r,1li,1; .!,h'i'i J..dorm·trt·� from nurth
lo south, ,md 1.1'!0 J..ilonwlrc•, from
P,1�1 to 11t•<.t. So thcre'c ,l lot ot l,md, hu1
it � 1101 H•r1 grt'f.•n. In t.1c I, Cr1..'Cnl.m<l
i, thc 11•,1,1 grcon ot all thc 1�1.md, in
lod.11 \ progr.unmc. i\nd th,ll'� bcc.iuw
.tn itN.,IJl a 1hitJ.. lavcr or tcc covcrc
!\'; pt'T cent 01 Oreeniand. Sno11 fa\l� on
Grt't•nl,md in t'lt'I\ month of th<.• ,e,1r.
11w �11m, )it>t<. <l('{1>Cr Jlld d1't'fWf ,md
lurn� to i< P. 1\, ,1 rt•,ull, Grt'l.•nl,llld h.1�
t)w �('<. nnd l,,r¡.\l'�t kl'< .1¡) m thl' 111 irlrl.
,lÍll'f Ant.irl tk,1. On ,l\l'r,l�{', 1h(• itt• 1,
one ,ind .1 h,111 J..ilnmt·tn·� thitk, hu1 m
(.{)lllt' pl.1tt"> it\ 1h1\ l..l•r th,111 lh,11 - mon·
th,111 1hn'<' J..ilomt•tn.., 1hitl,, 111 t.1c t. And
1\� ,lh\,1}� nlCJ�ing. In l.1rg(' r,1rl$ nf 1hl'
i,l.1111!. 1ht'f'e .uc nn 1>t•opll• .11 al!. Ahou!
'i i,000 ¡wopl1· lill' ,1ro1md the l o,1q,
\\ht•n• 1fw <.111n,11t• i<. !t•,, to!d lh,111 in
tlw H'lll<(' J!wir m.im ,,orl.. ¡, ii•hing.
r\\.1d,1¡.\,l�t.ir 1, .1 \\mld ,1p.1rt. llilfil'
tmir�<.'�1 i�l.1nd 111 lht• \\ orld. ,md
AUDIOSCRIPTS
154
AUDIOSCRIPTS
li1...., in 1h<• lnd1,m (Kt•,m, oft thc ui.1,1
ni i\trit,1. lt �plit ,.1,,,1, fr"m tlw r<.•\t oi
Atri<..,1 ,1houi 100 mdlion ,e,m ,1go.
ll\ ,l l,md 01 umtr,1�1• ,111d �urpri,t·�-
llwre\ r.11111ort"'I cm thP l',1q co,1q 01
M,1d.t¡.\,1•c.1r. �m,1h i['" hol ,md
di).. hui tht• e lim.Jlc 1, woll'r m tlw
mrnmtJm� tb,11 ru11 dm\-11 lh<.· m1d.dl.c
c¡f tht'J&ii.n.d, .)o �umc p,1rb ,l<C' k·�<i
!ropit,1l 1h,1n o1ht·r�. f..\0,1 of th<.• fX'<>pil•
.ir(' 1,unwr,, ,lnd ritt•" t!w m,1in too<I.
Tht• popul,11ion ,, ,1hout 1 tl milhon. llul
wh,11 m,,J..t•\ M,1d,1¡:.1•l ,,r �\X'{ 1,11 i, th,11
tht•rt• ,lrt' unu•u.11 hfW' ul ,mnn,1!, ,md
pl.1111, th,Jt 111u 1.,1n·1 11nd .m� 11 hert' cl�e
111 1lw 1,orld. ThP i�l,rnc!J. mo�t !Jmou&
illllili,1!� JCL' tlU: it'IDUt$ the\ looJ.. ,1
li111e liJ..L' nmnk<.-�" ,md the1 \.e 1-101 Ion¡.\
t,1il�. Bul thl·� rt• 111 d,mg1..•r nrn, ht•< ,lu�c
fll"Opk· h,1\t' clt�tr(l\ cd lht• torc,t:. \\ hcrt•
lht'\ liH'. In ,111, ;,lxlll1 'iO J..ind� n1
1\-ilrfli11..• ,lrt• ,1t ri,I.. cm f..\,1d.ig,1,1.,1r.
\(,_,�. i1 proh,1bl1 lnok\ 1Jmi!i,H .. .ind of
1..ouN· it i,. l'm in Tr,l!,1lg,1r Squ,m•, in
1lw hl'MI nf l oncl,m. <;omclm1(•\ i1·� C,lS)
to forget thJ1 Gr(',ll Bri1,1in 1s ,m ,�l.rnd.
loo. 111 t,1tt, Gre,1t Brit,1111 i� tht• t•ighlh
l,lrJ,l<'•t i�l,md 111 lht• \\orlrl, ,md tlw
l,1rg1"'t m Eun.irx•. U\ intt'f(",ling. ton,
ht't.JUSl' it'� ,1t1u,1lh !hrt'I.' countrit'S:
Fn¡.\1,md, .)lotl.111<1 and \'\ ,111·�. lt\ rith
in lmtor-,, ,md ¡wnp!e c.unw from
,111 01Pr 1h1· 11orl,J 10 1 ,�it 1.1mou\
thurtht•,, mu<,t'Um\ ,mrl L,1�!11.,;;. �
BciJJin i� m11rt· tro\\dt'CI th,10 OJJrl\
ci( ib �ump1.'lm 1wi�bl.>ours. ;,i,rl h.1� ,,
popula11on of í,O million. ílul in p,1rt�
i1\ ,11,o ll'I') lw.1ulitul. Mount,1irb to1er
,1101 o1 �totl,rnd, 1,ht•rt• tlwr<.• .irt• m,1111
long. clC'C'p lal..l·• <.,llll'd lnc.h,. \V�
;rnd 1b1· north oí I m1IJr1d Jre h1fl), 11!�
lW!..,outh Jod l'J'I ot to¡,1IJnd Jrt' t!Jttcr.
11w .irt•,1 .irrnmd Lnndon 1\ proh,1bh lhe
lc,i..1 imprl'�si,t• par1 01 Grt•,11 Bri!,1in. ln
19Cl-l, tlw ChJnnt•I TunnC'l o¡xmecl. Thi�
r,,il tunnl'I i� ,11mo�1 'iO kilometrt"' long.
,md linl...� ! ngl,1ntl \\1th ! r,mc<.•, lt\ thc
�(·umd longt·�I runn1•I in tht• 11orlrl. ,1rtcr
lhe Sdk,m tunnl'l m J,1p,1n. BP<.,1u,e of
tht' ( h,1nncl Tunn<•I, �onlC' peoplt• thinl...
lh,11 GrC',11 Brit,1111 i� no longer ,ln islJnd!
lesson 5.3 Track 1.32
1\,111(' \t•rl
�: H1 /'.pif. íl1,u1J..) tort,1ll111R, Cm \OU
ht•,1r mt•(
,,: Yt"', 1 t,m. 1 oud .md lil',lr. t-tmv� il
going nwr thcrc? H,11 mg 1un ,11 the
,mim,1l ,,1ncw.1r.?
�: �urc ,1m, but 1t\ h,1rd 1, orl,,. IJut
(.'\Cí\'Ollt''� looJ..mg J1tcr me, ,md
ir, ),lrt•ar to',(.'<.' th1• \\ork in ,1ttion.
1\1111,.,,, 1ou 1,,mt to 1.1IJ.. .1llout thc
photo�? l'm ,orr. lht•rc·� no lntt•rnct
tnnnt'l.lion hl'rl'.
¡,,,: Th,1!\ Oto.. \(',1h, h.i\i(,1)h, 1 nt'l.'<I
In thoost.• tht• pi< lurt� 11111, ,m<l I
1,,1ntL"<l 10 di'-l u,, m, idt\1, 11ith \nu
�: �1111..'. ftrt• ,11\,J\, \\'hkh '-l.'( 11011 Ml'
\ou t.-ilJ..111g,1bou1?
.,. \\PII, ir, the homC' ¡Mgt' linJ..10 lfw
J111mal rt"'tllt' p,1gP. íl.1,ic.-ill1, l\(' go1
!1\11 phoh¡, ol 1,h.111· fl'.,tUl.., .md 11,0
ot h1rd rt'<.(U('<..
�: Oto..
,: �l. fir,t of ,1ll thl' \\h.ilt• r<"tlll'
phn1o<.. In tlll' t1r,,1 nnc. lht•n• .1r1• lour
1, h,ilt,;; 1h,1t .1re t hN' to thc, b1•,ll h.
T1\-o nwn ,m• pullin¡.: cm1• ot !he
1,h,tk"' 0111ht• hc,1th. ,mrl thcre ,1rt'
lo,1d� oi IX'<iplt• in thC" h,1tJ..¡.:round
\\ho ,lí<' 1,,111..hmg tlw rt>'-(Ut'.
�: f"inc.•md lhl' �('(.nnd onC'?
,: \\di, i111h.1t om• on tlw IC'lt or tlw
pitturC', 1,t' t,ln scc lht• l;,rAe hr,,d
of ,1 \\h,11t•. On !he nght. tlwre .ir1·
t,,o 1)(,1pll' 1,hn ,1r1• thr1111 ing 11,ltt•t
on the \\ h,1k•. 1 AUL'" lht·� 'rt• tr-, i111,1
lo J..t><.•p it .ili1t•, U'<. ,1 \t'!") tmu,u.11
r1cturl' thf'11h.1l1•, h1-.1d i, m,,"ill·.
Hut, \\CII, l 1hink th<' fiN pi<turt• i,
1lw llC"'-t one tor thl' 1H·b�1tl' lx't,lll,P
it \ho,1) J !t•.1111 oi 1x�1pl(' th,11 .irt•
\\orJ..ing 10¡.:t·lhcr. Tht'} looJ.. \(•r.
¡mHL'!!-)ÍOll,11,md it') .:ilso lllUíl'
dr.1m,1t1l.
�: U u>r1.1inl� .:.c:1un1I, J.\OOrl. \\'h,11 ,1houl
ti!(' bird r<.><it llC' pil turt"?
Track 1.33
�: \\.h.it ,1bout 11w b1rd r<"'t u(' pitture><ó?
�: Surt'. Toe 1ir..l om• \, cm lht• h1.•,11. h.
.ind thcrt•\ ,1 m,m m tht• lhll('r. l lt•,
p,1��i11g ,l bird lo '-l)lllC'imc 1\h11\
!>t,md1ng cm tht• h1•,1t h. lht• �1·c nnd
<uw �hclll, �omt' ¡x-.:,plt 1\ ho ,1rc
C"ll',minf,\ ,1 !md. On the ri¡.\ht, thc•n•,
,l 1,0111,111 111 ,1 hlul' ,l11rt 11ho\
holrling tht• lmd. �' tlw bir1I, In tlw
mid1lil' 01 thc p1c.tur1·. lh<•1,, thN<'"
,111othl'r 1,0111.111 on lllC' 1(,111,hci",
< lc•,minf,\ tht' hird. �hl'\ \H•Jrm),\ ,1
wllo11 < 0,11.
�: Oto., •,o m the fir,t llrll'. ,1rt• thc rlll'n
rt'Sl.uinf,\ the hirc! 1rom oih \\,1\cr?
.,.: Lh·liuh. And I liJ..0 1h.1t pir turi> 1
1hmk il\ morl' po11<•nul 1h.111 tht• ont•
,1hout the tk.mmg. [ 1hinl... il re,1lh
m,11..� you lt't'I tht' !t•mhlt· !>1tu,11ion.
�: \e�. l ¡.:rnw;;, (.(1, ..ihhnu¡.:h i1'� h,1rd lm
mt• to.._,, wilhout �t'l'in¡.: it. \\'h,11\
good .ihout the <.C(Ond onl'?
,,: \\elL i1 �hm1� thc 11orJ.. th.11 our
c•,pcrt, do. hul 1t\ nol .i , t·r.
inter�lin¡.\ p1< turt·. Chcr.ill, 1
rt'C.Ollll1Wt1d th,11 llt' ll(.(• thl' 1,h.1le
r('<.c.Ut' p1c.1urc•
�: ll,c 1,nc or iht' tc.•,11111,c,rJ..1n¡.\ h!j.;l'tlw<t
i,,: Llh-huh.

": \'\dl th.n coundc OK. Go .1hc.1d
with tb.it íor thc momenl. \\L' u,uld
( hangc it qutrc ('.1\ÍI} in thc JUILUl.'.
couldn't we?
,: \\cll. WC' could, but l ll('t'(f to gt�
.;orne1hing up on thc <ttc tod,l\.
t.: Sure. l urdcraand. use tho \\hale
one ,md when I gct b,1tk to thc ofticc.
1'11 lct \OU kno,, ií th(•rl'\ ,l problcm.
,: OK. \()u'rc tbe boss. l lhink }nu'll likC'
1hi, une ,mv,,,1y.
"; l'm cure I will. Your dmict'" are
uvuallv \f)01 on. t\ny\\.1\, gott,l go
no,,, 1lwrc', ,1 rnunkc·} that's ,,aitíng
to rncct me.
,: t utky monkey. S.i\ hcllo from nw!
8H• íor nm,.
": ll\'<'.
Lesson 5.4 Track 1.37
TtllUI 'itod('n/,
1: \Í."-. 1h.11',. ,1 H'I) goocl polnt. Nic.nil•.
OK. now, 11•1\ h,1\l' ,, look ;it the nt·,l
prcblcm. OK, i1 \,l\� herc: 'l'm oñen
l,lll' íor appointmentc, or someumo,
I mi,, ,1ppoin1nll'f1h c omph-tclv'
\\ould ,111vonL• lile 10 ,,,y sorncthíng
,1hout thi,?
q: \'l..,, kecp ,1 <li,1f\ \\hiLh < l('Jrl} sho\\<,
<111 vour .1ppoinlnwn1, ... ;md t l,1,,L..,.
,!: T\1,11\ right, but it\ not enough just to
h,1\l" ,1 di,11-.,. \Vt• llL't'tl to m,11..e -ure
l\t' look ,1! lt. Cht'< l.. vour d1,11'\ last
1hing .u night .md fir<;1 lhing in the
morning.
r: 1\h,olutl'ly. Yn11 should .1150 11 me ,111
tlw homcwork \OU h,l\'l' to du in rhe
<li,1ry nnt 011 pil't es ot papor thn
\OU c.m 11.N' l',1,111. Lood. No\1,
m·,1 problcrn: t spond a lot 01 !imt·
lt11iking ter m� notes. 1 t,m ncvcr find
,1111thing.'
,1: \t'Jh 111,h like th,11 l,1,1 vcar. Fhc fx... t
th111g ¡., ICI {)í)..\,llli'-1.· \(IUí files, u,ing
t olow I O(ll"' .md l.1bc.,1, <;() }Oll L,111
und \hin�, l'il�il't'. 1 don't h.iw ,m�
troublc .mvmorc.
1: Th,ml..,. Ri1. '-i1 •.. tht"l' lhing\ ,hm,
how unport,m1 il i, to be IH'II·
n�,mi'>t"<I OK, lt>I\ takc ,motfl('r
probk-n. lhl<ó onc ,,,'y<.: 'l -onwttroe-,
,1ud1 íor ,l lnng tinw, but I don't
!t'l•l l'm ltwning ,m}lhi11g. 1 road 111l'
rn,1tt•ri,1I but no1hing', h,1p¡x•ning
11, not going in.' Right. 1 l,h .mvonc
got ,1m �UµJ!.l'�liun,!\t..�. Tim.
,1: ll.i,11 ,1111, i1 1�n't ,1 g\l1xl id(',l to �tud}
rm lnng ¡x.•riod, ,lf ,1 tin,(' \\ ithout <l
brt..•,11... 11·� lx•ll(•r to do ,1 1illl<• ,1!
.i tinw.
1: 01,11\ right. Ht· niu• 10 }OUN:lvf'<;!
Wht·n \OU 1111i�h '>onwlh1ng, ,111
<""'} 1or t•,,m1plt•, givt• your-,plvl',
,1 hrt•,11.. 1ki ,onwlhing 1or fun: go
ior ,1 \1,111.., 11r \1.itth .i 1ilm. ·n1i�
tan m.11..l' 1ou 11or� 111.·ttt•r beíort•
AUDIOSCRIPTS
,md ,llll'f lht• brt•,11... Ami .mother
1hi11g it', import.in11h,it \OU e.in
trnKentr,ll(' on 1our �tud1l"'. \hu L,m't
worl.. w1•II 11hen the phnnC''' ringing
e\t..'!) fi\e minutt'"· Don'1 forgt•t too,
it\ import,ml lo l..nm1 \1hl'n )OU
SIU(I\ IX",t. Do \OLI ,1udy 111..�l in thl'
morning, in the .il1<•rnoon, in tht•
t•1ening or l,1te ,11 mght� F\t•J) boc� ·�
rlifit•rt•n1. \\.t' n{'("'(l 1o que� at ,, timt'
th.11 ,uit� u,.
'>J. Oh, th,11\ inll'Jl">ling. l\t' lll'\t'í
1hought (ll that.
,;: )e.ih, m,1,hc· c;omt' peoplt• ,tU(I) ,1t
tht• 11 rong timt' ol d;iv for thc1r ho<ly
clo1. k.
1: OK, lt•t', l,11..c.• ,mnther cmt' ... 'l t,m"t
íini�h ,11/ thC' lhing, 1 nt'l'<I to do in lhc
d,11.'
'-11'4: l'rioriti!,(•!
54: Yt'!>, dt>cidt• \\h,11 \tlll rll'l>il In dn
nnw. or l,1tt·r h)(l,w. ,md 11h,11 }OU t,1n
11•,tvL' until 1umorrrn1, ur ('1('11 11l'"'1
llt'CI...
1: Yt'S, go11<L Rl'mem!x·r too: 111.11111..•
tlwrt' ,Hl' <.t.mll' lhinp., that Ml'n"\
import,mt ,11 .111. 11\ ,1 h,ul irk•,1
to \1,1,tt• 1irn<' on lhern. And it'"
import,mt to .1l1m1 time for thing, ,ou
don'\ L'\[X'll. ,m<I tcir t'fllc•rgent it><,.
Pc>rhap� thb i, the mom�·nt to,.,,,
"ºml'lhi11g ;ihout m,1k111g li�K You
proh,1hl} m,11..(' �hnpping li,t, 01
thmg, ,uu m.'t'<l lo hui. M,1\..f' ,1 lbt of
things yc,u Jll't'CI te, do ,h 1\l'il. \\.hm
vou rt.'<lutc ,1fl tht• thing� to Ollt' pw11•
of p,11x•r, i! d1M."t1'1 ,t'<'Jl1 •,o ditt11 uh.
\ \11(.'11 ,uu\•p dorw lh(' lhing� 011 ,our
li�t. nos" !hem lllf. 1r, .1 ni, l' Ít'<-ling!
Ho\\t'Vl'r, 111.· rc'.1li,tit! Don'! Jfü1 ,1 lot
tif hig thing� cm 1-nur li�t II hm �ou
lncl\\ }OU t,111·1 do tht•m ,111. So, n•,1d
OJll' d1.1ptl•r ol , nur tt•-..:!l"lCK1\.., m�llwl
oí lhrt't' th,,plC'f\. Pulling �rn,lllt'r
!hi11g, on \otJr li<.I mmn� th,lt ,ou
t,m ,llhil•\t' tht•m, ,md 1hi<. m,11..('!,
\Oll Ít'<'I ¡.:¡11xl. \lrighl. \1h.1t', 1ht· nc,1
qur,.1it1n ... ?
Lesson ó.1 Track 1.38
l',Hrlt J.. •.�U<.,11)
t•: 1 k•llo, Su�in. Good 1(1 ,t'l' }OU ,1g.1in.
,: 1 ti P.11rkl... 1 hJ\1 .ire ,uu/
1•: !"m füX'. C.1n I gt•1,uu ,l drinl..t
tortt't•(ll',1(
,: Oh . .i tolll'i' \1oul1t he lo\t'ly, 1h.mks.
I': Surt•, 111 JU�! ,1,I.. Hob 10 do th,11. l�oh,
u1uM ,ou gl't u, t110 torft'i", plc•.1,t•?
!'lo, 11-h,ll d0t.,, tht• IL1turt• hold lor nw?
,: \\'PII. hop,•tull}, go1)(! hu,inL... ,
oppnrtunil1t..... l\t wi1 !he full rt.'port
h1·n•, hui 1'11 go through lhc m,1i11
poinl\ fir,t.
P: 1 int•. Go a!1l'.líl.
�; \\'l'll, l th111l the 1\10 mn�t 1mpor1,mt
1rt•n<I<. lnr \OU ,lrt' ,1houl tl'lhnol(lgl
.1nd ..114t•.
P: t\)!('�
,· Yt"', h,1,il.111\ HntJin i� gel1ing older.
H} 1(1.''i rnnre th.in ., 1h1rd of tht•
UK'� p<ipul,1tinn will bt' 01cr i'i H'.m
old. 1\ml 1ht'!,l' older pl't)ple 1\ ill livc
for much lnngc-r - l\l' knn11 1h,1t trom
thl' �1,11i,tic�. lht') mighl liH• until
thcy'rc 'l'i. or c.•v('11 1 DO.
1•: Bul th,11 de111111t·I\ 11on't lx.• good
for btlSlrl<"'· TI1c\ \1011'1 h,11t' jol�.
�J 1'111 i.urc tht•1 \\On't h,wc• mue h
mrnl(")'.
,: Oh. 11'11 cldinitl'h lx.· good fm
hu,int""· Fir,;t e¡( .111, 1hC'\ ·11 r('tirc.• .i
bit l,1tcr 1h,1n nm1, hui 1fw m,1in point
i� that tht� rx•oplc.• \\·ill d<'tinitel1
nC'ed things to do II ith thi� <.'Xtr,1 tina.-.
lur ,un-. ,tnd lht'-' '\\ lll't'Cl 1hing� lh,11
impn)Vl' !he• qu.1lil\ (IÍ lht'ir liw'>.
P: Oh.. t\Jl) c.·�.lrl1J)k'S(
,: \Vt•II. wc• prL'Cliu th,11 olcb ¡X't1plc,
1, ill lr,wd mort', ,o !ht'r<''!I ht• mor1·
t omp,mit"' lh,ll 'fk.'<. i,11i<;(' in hohd,1\ �
íor 1ht•m. ,\t the mornl'nt, holid,1)
t nmp,mit'!o ftx.u, on r.1mlli0S or
}otmg .1dt1h5. But, in 10.!'i, tllt'w'II
lx.• mort• l'idcrf) fX'tlpll', tlw ovt•r-6'i\,
th;in und¡,r l'i�. !)11, t!w p,1rt1 .md
.id1c•n!urt• holid,11 marl..d fll,I} !4C'I
�m,lllt'r hut, tnr c•,,lmplt', holid.11<; nn
LfUI'-(' �hip, \\ ill mtrt',1�('. Th('I m,l}
,ll"ll 1\,lnl ,lltivity holid,1)�. hut th,11'11
dc1x:11d on tlwir lw.ilth ,ind on htll\
<k•m,mding lhc· ,1( 1i1 iti("' ,1r1• tlwv
proh,1hly won'1 go llltnl4l't'·ju1npin�
hut th('y m1ght gn h1\..mg and ,.11l111g.
1•: OK. Fr, 1\-h,11 ,1boul d,1il\ lite/
,: \Vt•II. 1hi� tonnt'l.t, to lhl' utlwr !rt'lld
I mL'n1iont'll. !('<.hnolog\
r: You rlll'<lll tlw l11tt•rn<>t?
,: Yl", indt<t'CI .md not onh 1h.1t, hu1
,11,.n rol)(11,.
P: lfol¡ot\{
�= L \,lt ti). Olrlt•r fX'tlplt• 11.ml lhinµ,
!h.11 m,1h• lil<' l'.hi(•r. In 1lw futurc·.
1\w-., migh1 h,1\C' ,1 roho11h.11 dt•,m<.
tht• hou<.t•, tht•\ might h,l\l' ,, robol
th,11 driH"- tht·, .u, lht'} 1111ght h,11t' ,l
robot lh,11 (i¡M...;, tlll' g.1rrll•r11ng.
I': Ynu ,.,11 m1ghl, r,itlwr 1h.111 will. \\ h1 \
th.11?
,: \\'1•11 \lt'1,1n'1 ht·dt'iinilt·,1h,,u1
th1, IX'l.,lU"l' 11 <111 d1•¡x.•11d, on th¡•
tt'<.!11101�}· Al thl' mrnm,nl, rohol�
,lr(' \ l'J) h,1,it .
1•: 'i't� 1 thinl.. tlwr<", ,1 rnlio1 \,lCuum
( l<•,mt•r ,1nd th,11\ ,1lk.1UI il. Oh, ,mcf
rnliot pt•t,.
,: 1 ,.ic.111, ,;.¡¡ !ht• lt'lh11olog, nt't:d, lo
imprnw. l\•rh.ip, 11 will, 1x·rh.1p�
i! \Hlll'L Bul. uldL•r ¡wopk· ,.,.¡(I
dcfim1C"il 1\,1111 robot�.
AUDlOSCRIPTS 155

P: Mmm. th,1!'s intcn-sting. 1 guess thc
lntern(.'t \\1!1 he lmportaru.
<;: Ot coursc. or something likc it. And
thlc i� lhl' othcr poscblc area íor
i m c-rmcnr. In gcncr,11 J>C.'OplC' \\ ¡ 11
ordt'f goods .md scrvtcce O\'l'f tbe
rnterocr. and thC'\ 'll ITl(.'<.'I peoplc over
lhc Internet. In thc íuturc, pcop!c
migh! have more C\ IX'f friends than
rc,11 frit•nds So, ior ex.imple, \\l'
thinl.. th,11 íbere'll he m.my comp,mil""
1h,1rll oUt'f Internet d,iting � ICc.'S sor
eldcrh po-ole.
r: Interne! cfating? tor thc C'kiNI�?
�: Oh \'C'S. 1 me is impor1,m1. hO\,C\'l'f
old mu are. Pcoplc \\ ill detlnilPh
li\e for longer. and lht"\ '11 havo more
rd.11ionshi¡>S in their later vears.
Oldcr pcople \\ 111 gC'I divon.ed more
oñcn. ,md thc\ ·n prub.,. hh rnccr flC\\
partners onlinc. or ccrheps oo thcir
e ruise holicLl\'<ó.
P: Reilll\?
,: \ Vh, not? üxr'rc 60 vc.irs old, your
chiklreo are ,u/ults. vou have 40
morl' �t.·,m, lu live. J !lt."\\ lite\\ ill he
ju�I .i dit.J.. ,l\\,l\'.
P: lnff'ft"'-ling. So, h,1�il.1llv, 1 should
fook tor coropanlcs lh,lt provide
goods and sen ices ior the d<lerh.
\: l:.x,101\, C'SJX'CÍ.llh tho<,c.• buslnesscs
Ihat ..ire pl,mnlng lo use !cchnolog, in
sorne.· ,,.i,.
The nuddlc-ogcd pcoolc
of toó.:i, .1re h.11>¡)\ to use lcchnolog,,
and lile"\ ·11 OC' even happicr to use il
in I\H'flh coars' nrnc.
r. \\'l'II. lh,11'� ,111 \'l'f\ intcwsling. N(l\\,
«berc tuve tbose coñees got to?
F\:-rh.ips r 11(.'(.'(l ,1 coffcc robot!
lesson 6.2 Track 1.40
Sh,11w, frell n
s: ,nu
know, Lvclv n. l'rn thmkmg about
doing .1 course in lhe Unhcd Starcs.
r: \ \'h,it, vou want lo slur" in Amenc,1t
,c.ih. l think h'H hclp rn, rareer.
!,:
r: \ Vhat klnd oí coursce
s: mrcrnaüonal Business.
1, Oh. Wd\ ... ,, h.irU ,·ou (k) 1f Mum
,md D,1d don'I lile tho idea?
�= Oh. tt's OK. ru pc,-.:u,ull' thcm.
u Rc,111,? 1 don'! thinl D,l<I w ill likc thc
idea.
,: Oh. he'II he OK about i1. You \\,1i1
anrl cce.
r: l hope vou're righ1. Anrl \\ hat'H vou
do ií lhc> <.OUf"S<' is reallv difficult?
!>: ¡.,1s,. 1'11 get sorne hclp írom rm
teochorv .md otht'f studcnts.
r: '!hu secm \l'f\ confick·nl. \\'h..it'JI
\'Uu do ii \'OU (k>n'f like thl' olhl'f
�ludcnt�?
s: l'm sure 1'11 find .1 nicc r\mcric,1n girl!
L: Oh rc,11h ! Sh,mc. l don'I thinl thi-. is
a gocxl ide.1. ,ou kOO\\, Therl' are lot-.
of good cou= hcrC' in r\uqrali,1 ...
AUDIOSCRIPTS
156
AUDIOSCRIPTS
Track 1.41
\\'h,11'11 ,m1 do if \our p,m•nt� don·t
lile thL' i1lcJ?
2 \ \'h,11'11 vou do ií !hC' courr,c is rc.:ilh
diífilult!
3 \Vh.:it'll \OU do ir ,ou don't likc thc
oth!'r !>luden\!>?
lesson 6.3 Track 1.42
Rolx'r/, Shl'ila. Grao•, Brwn, / lt'nn, K,1/('
R; OK, so tha!'!> thc c,pert·s vil'\\, let's
<;(-'(' ,,h.11 ,ou, the puhlk, 1hink. No,,.
\\ h.:ifs }OUr n,mll'?
s: Sheila.
R: OK. She1l,1. are ,ou ,1 mo1hcr?
s: Yes. l .un. 1\ e got !wo voun� ¡.;iris.
it: Crea!, so wh.1t do mu thmk?
:.: l\"l""'<)fl,1\lv. 1 lhínk mothcr¡, shou\ci
�1.1, ,11 honlt.'. 1 luok .ií1cr m, J..ids and
I think th,1n, l>cst fur 1h('m and forme.
1e In \\h,.1t \\a\?
<,: \\'di. mu krl<m. J.. id� shuuld he\\ ith
1hcir nmthN". thC"\ net.>d m, lovc ,ind.
,,cll, I knm, "h,1t thcv like and don'!
l1ke. '!ou koow, il's n,1tural.
it: Ot... so dues ,mvone d1s.1grce? Yes.
vou, \\ h.1t's \'Our opinion?
G: \\'di, 1 umlcr.::l.:ind her opmion, but
sometimcs mothcrs h,wc no choice.
1hi..'\ h.wl' to worl. Surclv it's bcttcr
ior the tamil, to h,we mon('} to buv
ioud ,md �twf. 1 mean. wh.1t's thC'
pomt oí s1,1, inp...it home\\ ith vour
kids ,í ,oo <.an'r pul ícxxl on thc
l,1blc? \\'c'rt> not all in h,ipp, í.imilics
1, i1h I\\O p.líents, .ire we?
R: lmic...ed. \\'h,1t (lo vou s.w lo th.11,
Sh<·il;i?
�= \\'el!, th,1t's a gOOO pomt, but l 1hmk
SOITIC' molh<'fS ,,ork bcc.iusc thl'\
wanl lo. not hecauS(.• thl"\' need lo
Th<¡ prczl'f to work r,1ther th,111 look
,1iter thl'ir childr(•n, ,1nd l think that's
\\ rong. 1 n.•,1lh do.
it: OK. Does ,1nvonc cl"C' h.:iw ,1nvth1ng
lo s.:i, on this�
B: lr. 1 <lo. lfof)Crt.
11: Yt"'?
e; 1 .1gree \\ ith Sheil.1. 1 knrn, lo,1ds
oi molhcrs \\ho ,,orl ¡use bcc.:iur.c
1h� like to h,we .1 ¡oo, nol ])t'( .wse
thev need lo. r\nd thJt's ,1 rC'al pit\,
bcc,1u!">(' t!IC\ ·re misslng out on lhc
lx."'1 time in thcir c.. hlldr(•n'� l1,c_><.. You
c,in ,,ork ,m, t1mt>, but vour children
.:irc onl\ vo1.mg oncl'.
11; OK, wcll, \\ hile we·rc oo thl' subject
01 childrcn. lcl's look JI ,lnothN'
<¡ucstion. H.isic.:ilh. �houkl \\C lim11
thc amounl oíT\I voung kicb \\ Jtch?
Are the-. \\,1tchlng 100 much TV thcR'
d,1, s? \Vh,1t's your namc .1nd what's
,uur opinion?
H: Hi. l'm l lc1m ,md l'm ,1 rl,1d
R: OK. tht.'fl Henf\. \\ h.11·s \'OUf \ Í<.-'\\?
H: Wcll. wh..it 11hink 1s th,1t 1hC\
!-houldn't w.itch ,mv TV.
11:: \\h;iL none.:itall?
11: ,\:nne .:it ,111. 1 lll'\'t'f \\,1tchcd TV wh(•n
J was .1 kid, ,md I ck1n'! think m\ kids
nc...>txl 10 w:itch it 110\\, l'SfX'(.i,111,
whN1 thev'rl' voung.
it: Ri�ht, 1,ell. l'm sure m.1ny pcople
\\ 111 d1s.1gr(>(> with \'OU. LC't·� ',('(.', Ye,,
m,l<l,1rn, ves, vou m thc r('(I drcs�.
�= \Vcll. ¡X'rson.ill,. 1 complctC'I\
cl1s.1grcc. TV i� p.111 nf thl' modcrn
world, likc computen; .1nd phone�.
\Ve can 't hiele l\f from our J..ids. 1
1hinJ... rt's bctter 1f thc, knm, th,11 TV ,..,
,l normal 1hing, a� norm;il .15 h,wing
dinn<'f. or wh,11cver
11:: Hcnrv?
11: \\'el\. th.11's an mter<.><.lmp. idea, bu\
TV i, diffl'rcnt to phon<.'S, ,md h..iving
dinner. lhl' kids jusl sil thPrC. liJ...c
vegct,1bles. lt's nol good íor tlwm. not
grxxl ,11,111.
K: Bu! \\hv no1 ju�t control hm, much
th<.¡ 11 .11ch? You knm1, h,wc ,1
n1.1ximum oi t,,o hour, ,1 d.11 ur
somelhmg.
11: \Vell. 1 kmJ,, wc 1,on't .1grt.'(', hut tht•
lx,st rnntrol is to '>l'II your TV. lí ,ou
do th.11. thcv·11 do ,omc1hing el<;e.
s: Tha!'s ju�t sillv.
H: You'rl' thc> one thafs sil h.
11:: OK. OK. c.:ilm do\,n C\.Cí\'onc. Let's
l,1kc ,1 bre.1k now, .md ,1her tht• ,1ds
\\C'll lcx1k ,11 the role of thc fathcr in
thc Í.imih
Review Units 4-6 Track 1.45
}<1nt'. Anclrl'.i
J: l lcllo. J.ine lfarton hl're.
A: J,me, it's Andrca. L1s1en, vou
knm1 we wcrc 1.1lking .1bout ,111
cnvironrncnt,111,-fncndl, hol1d,1v this
ve,1r?
J: Yes, wh}?
A: \Vell. J'vc f:01 some det,1il� from ,1
grc,it comp;im• � holirl.ws 111 Afdc.1,
Uganda. Sh,1ll l 1dl ,ou ,ibout them�
i: Ycah ... bu1 l'm working, �o 1 c;in'\
talk 1or too long.
A: OK. no problcm. Righl. l've lookc...><I
at 1he iniurm.1tion .md thcrt• Me four
lours 1h.:it look goorl. Oh. thc, 're ,111
111 n.ition,11 p;irks. l 1hmk wc shoulrl
gc1 mort' ckt.1ils on ,1 couplc of
1hcm.
1: OK. g()(KI ide,1.
,\: 1 irst onc, mmm, 1 don't lnow how
10 pronounce thi�. 11'� i\lg.1hing,1
Nation,11 P.1rJ... 1here are al>iiut ninf'
vok,moes in.
1: Volc,m()('<,'
A: ... sb, .1re ext1nct. so don't \l'orf\
J: 1 am ,,omed!
A: ,\rW\\.l\, ir� m,1inh forcs1. 1, 11h loe�
of different pl,mts and bird� ...

J: ,\nd animals?
A: lt monuons thc goldcn monkcv
that'<; all.
J: No, 1 don't Jikc thc sound oi th,ll
onc.
A: OK, numbcr twu. Bwindi Nauonal
Fnrk. l rstcn ... 'over hall thc world's
populatron of mountain gorillas live
in Bwtndt's forcsts .. :
J: That snunds good.
A: 'res. but the others are too. Numbcr
thrcc. Quccn Elizabeth National
Park - o¡x-n grassland ramforcst,
bkcs, w1th ovcr 100 type'> ot anlmal
including olopharus. Icopards. lions
and buff.ilo.
¡: 1 likc that one.
A: OK, and thc Iast onc. thc Murchison
Falls National Park. This onc's by thc
Rivcr Nilc, ami thcro are nver
animals and hirds. and othor antmals
hke elephants. giraÍ1('<; ,md buffalo
,1g,1in. 1 likc this onc.
1: OK. wcll, why don't \l'C gel detads
on thc lost two - Qucen Hizabcth
,lnd Murd1i�m Falb?
A: Yes, 1'11 do that ... and sh,1111 ...
¡: ,'-'ly boss is corning- 1 have lo go.
ílrc, 1'11 r.p1.·,1k to you later,
Track 1.46
fom, Slw/,1
1: .•.•md thl� photo IS frorn my ¡ob in
India, ye,1rs ago. That'e thc clinic on
1hC 1Pf1.
�: Oh, trs lovcly. whc's the littlc boy
un thc nght wrth thc two women?
T: l lf' helped the docrors and nurws.
you know, made tea. felched things.
s: lts rntcrcsttng that the phoro is m
h!ac\.. ,1ml whitl'.
1: Ye�. pcrsonallv, 1 bohcvc that you gct
bcrtcr photos thrs wav,
�: Yes, l .igrcc. lhc mountains in
thc middlc look .,mazmg- so
rmprevsive.
1: r know. 1 loved thc mountains. In
fact. 1 lovcd cvcrything there!
s: Rcally, why?
T: \\'cll, lxxnusc the wcctber was good,
the food was wondorúrl. the pcoplc
wcre rcally fncndlv. Fd really l1ke to
go back tu st..'1;! them ,111 again.
�= You should do that! You can takc
thrcc months ofi from this job, you
know.
1: That's ,1 wx><I poinl, bu1 r couldn't
lcave my family tor that long. 1 think
us bcucr ií I wait till the rbrldren are
oldcr.
lesson 7.1 Track 1.47
RcseJrclwr. /ns
ll: Well, íirst nf ,111. thank vou íor
nlL'Cting me.
1: Nol at all. 1 hope I can hclp.
AUDIOSCRIPTS
R: \,\'ell, as vou know. we're domg sorne
rt's.t',Hlh mr ,l docunlC'ntar. series
JIX>ut iorcnsic science - \\l' w,1nl
to c,111 it CSI- the re.ilil\'. [ musl tell
yuu that, .:it thc momt.'llt we·re nmst
in1en.'.Stcd in thc difieren<.L'S bctw«.'n
thc 1\1 dr,1mas ,mcl !he re,1litv of .i
crime l.1h.
1: That's fine. 1 <.an t.ilk ,1lX>ut th,11.
11: Grcat. So. íirsl oi all, how do vou
org.miSC' !he work hcre?
1: \Vcll, basic,1llv. we WO(k in two
tcams. ln the first tc,1m. wc h,we thc
crimc sccnc analysls. Thev'rc the
people who collect thc evidcncc
irorn thc crime sume. In thc S<..'Cond
te.1m, we h.1vc thc- forcnsic scientisls,
f>L'Oplc like me, who ,Klually do
thc scicntiíic lcs!s in thc l.ib. Toe
1mport.1nt thing is that thesc forcnstc
sctent1sts ,uc experts in d1ífercnt
fields, so, íor ex,1mpfe, wc havc
an expert on guns .111d bu!lcts, a
íingcrprmts expert ,md so on. l'm a
DNA C'xpert.
11: 1 Sl.o.e. That set..'fllS J littlc chfíerent to
1hC' TV show.
1: Yc'S. rou'rl' right. On thc show, the
crime scenc analysts ,1lso work
in !he l,1h. ;:111cl they oftcn know
,1bout every1hing, from bullcls 10
iing<.'fpnnts.
11: Exactly. So. when the crimc scene
analysts are ,lt thc uime sccne, wh,11
do thcv h,wc to do?
1: Wcll, first ot ali, the photngr,1phcr
takc.'5 hundreds of picturcs of thc
( rime sccnc, and ,1! the s.:ime time.'
,;omeonc inlcr.•1ews any wi!ncsS<."S.
Toen, they wllect ,1nr cvirfencc, .:i11<I
this ¡,. whm the\ h.wc to be verv
carcful. Th�· havc to wear rubl;r
g!ovc� lx.'(_,lUSC 1hev mustn"t d,1mage
any of the eviclc-nce. Basic,11lv, !hcv
took Í()( íingerprints, h,1irs. perhaps
blood. 11 alt Ó<'pends on th(• rnmC',
rc,111�·· Also, !hev h,we to t.ike Ver)'
c.ueful notes. This is imr,ort,mt
hcc.1usc wc. the sc\enli'>I<, in thc l,1h,
havc 10 know ex,Ktlv wherc .1ll 1hc
ev!d(>nce has l orne frorn.
1t: R1ght Now. on TV, �1 of thc crinx.'S
arP murders. Js that true for vou?
1: Oh, no, not �t ,111. N"tnl'ty � cf'nt oi
ow \\ork is w1th hurgl,1rlcs or stolcn
t.lfS, \'OU know the kind oi thing.
w: RC'a!!v? OK, !>O \\h,1t ,1bout thc lab
work? Do \'OU h,we to do ,lll\1hing
speci.11?
1: \\'cll first oí ,,U. Wl' alw,ws tdl the
poi ice th,1t thev must be patient
h1.>c,1usc our \\Orl... in !he l.ib l.ike<
time. On TV. ,l J)()licf' officcr doc'Sn't
h,wc to w.iit ver. long lo get test
rcsult.s, perh,1ps ¡us! .i iew houro;.
In reality, .in ofíicer ha,; to w.,it
fwcnty Ó.l}S to gel a DNA test resuh.
Secoodh. \\'C work in,, l,ih, so thcre
,1rc c<.'íl�in l.1b rules. \\'e h.wc to
turn our mobilc phonL"' olt, and WL'
mustn'I c.it or drink in thc l.1b, th,11
kind of thing.
11: OK. Anv mort.• diiit.,-enccs?
1: Wcll. 1 must be honest herc,
unior1un,1tclv, 51..ientists sornc..'limcs
makc mist,1kes, hut. on T\I, rhc
M.ientisls nevcr m.1ke misfakl'S!
Am,ving!
R: lndced. And, 11<iw 1h.1t wc h.ivc these
dram.is about !Ofensic scientists, h,we
therc IX'l'n ,111\' ch,mgl'S in yuur W()(k?
1: \Vcll, there's bccn a po,;itive changP
in our im.:ige. l'of once. scicncc b ,111
intercsting or gl,1ff11xous profossion.
lt's 1ncredible re,1llv. so manv \�.>1.mg
(X'Ople are now applymg 10 work
in crimc l,1l>s. Thcrc·s been a 500
fX,'f ccnl increasc in applic.:ilions
In urnvcrsity courst..'5, for ex,11nplc.
And m.1ny oí thcsc people ,,re vnung
\vomen. And thc thing is. \\c're
S1..ienti�ls not J)l)lile offic<'fS. so \OU
don·1 ha\'C' to stuclv 1,1\\. Inste.u\ vou
h,wc to studv lhemistr.· Of biol�v.
So, although the l\l shows ,ue
hasic,111)' police rlr,imas. more pcopll'
,1re now stu<lving ,;nt'llCC' �uhjl'( I�,
which i� ¡::;rt•at.
1t: lntcrcstin¡::;. So, cmi. c.:in l h,l\'<' ,, lool..
,uound your l,1b?
1: Wcll. l'm not surc. Mr boss s.ws .,11
visils must only be for work rc.1sons.
R: Wcll. th1s is kincl oí work rcl.1t1.. '<I. 1
me,m, wc must E,>cl lhe documcnl,1r.·
right.
1: 1 supposc so. \Vdl, OK, but \'OU mus!
lurn your phonc.• off and vou must be
quiC't. or my ho,;,; will kili m<'!
ll: l lmm .. murder in thc crime l,ib.
Could be,, gcxxl storv fo, 1hc TV
show ...
CD 2
lesson 7.3 Track 2.3
Pn>Senler, Juhan
f';So, Jufi,111, c:ould }'OU tdl us .1bou1
one oi your choice; ple.iSC'• .ind
ple.1se jusi give ., few rl',lSOflS íor your
choice? Uníortun,11dv our time is
lim1tC'd ... ,
1: Rtght, wdl. one oí m� d1uiccs is
the printing prcss. Now, Gu11cnlx.>rg
inven1ed the modero printing pr<'S� in
I ..J57 .ind I think 1hi� c.mS('(l ,1
revolutiun m knO\\ k>dgl', Sülil'lv ...
,1nd. wd1. in L'\'C'f\'thing n•,111}.
r: In whal \,,w?
J: \\'f'll, thc main reason I think il's
impor!,ml is that lhe prinling press
mc.int wc <.ould produce lxxiks and
rlC'\\"Sp,)pt.'fS in l,irgc numlx.,-s .md
ver.· quílkl,. lkfore th<..'ft, \\ riting
\\a� ,l slow pn>t..t..'!>S and l',Kh COfl\
AUDIOSCRIPTS 157

01 oach hool too!. \\l'(,I,.<; to rnakc.
Suddenlv. \\L' tould m.1L.c J hundm:I
u1pit"- ot .1 hool in ,1 d.1\. Thic fTll',ml
1h.1t id(:'.l" , ould 91re.1d mue h more
quid,I\ th.m bc.•iore. Thi- c..iu<ed gre.11
, hengc, in '(xieh, too mJn\ cbanece
to t,ilk ,1hout no\\. Anotl'K'f reacon
lhc- prinl1ng pre-e i< import,mt i< that
it led to e<fU( cttou 1or C'\'-'f\UIIC. Th1<
i<; romxxtcd to lh<> fast produc tion
ot books l)('(_,lUs.t' it \OU h,we hool�.
,ou t ,m hJ\l' ,l <.<hool. As \H•II ,l'i
lh.11, the it�,1 01 Niuc.,1tion lor .111
i< ,11'° Hlflnt'C1t'fl to tl'K· ck>m,md
1nr n._•Jclinµ 4.ilt-. Thc ,Hillcn \\tlfd
lxxame importan! JI ,,ork. and <,o
!X.'oplP h,ul to rc,1d, ,md -o tn(.'\
nt'('<k'fl oducaüoo.
r: ()t,. then, A I.C'\ reason lOf thoo<;ing
the printirrg 1)f('<.< is th.11 11 IT'l(•;int
th,11 ick·J� t oukl "flít',uf quid,!\ and
thi�, ausod m..m, ch.1n¡.,>t.w; in '-olit•I\.
Sccondlv. ,nu clairn th.u it lod 10
cducatron 1or ,111. Amth1ng el<d
J: \\'('11 �t"'. Thl' ntn('f 1hing i< that rhe
pnlllmg pre<'< m•,1n'i that ,HilC'I'<
r an make morK�, whkh, ,1< l'm
,1 wntor. is !oOrllC'lhing l'm r,1fhc-r
plco-cd ahout. Bu1 <.C'ri1)U<;I,. ,, ilhout
tll<' pnnting pecsv vou t,m'I makc
thou"dnds 01 copi('<; .rnd theretore
\ou e ,m I mal,c ,m\ m<Jn<.",. Thl'
printmg Píl"'" ffl<.',101 that 1xoplC'
could bccoox- prott'<<.mo,11 \Hiter•
.1nd jnurnali�1, which I thinL. hai,
beon ,c.'n good lor ,;otil'l\. don'¡ ,ou!
I': \\('JI ves 1 fin. 1 <óUJ)fl')',(,'. l lO\\l'\l'f.
l m no! < ompl<11.•I, conv inccd b\
,our .1r¡.;urncnt ,1boul cduL,llion.
·\tll"r JU, \\C' drdn't h,1, e genl"r,11
v hool.. unnl .1bout 400 \ cars ,1fl('(
thC' tncconon rn rhc printlng prc<''i. J�
th('(c.' re,1lh .i l.(>OílLXtion?
1: \\C'll. cr; lh,1r,.1 farr point, Jlthi:x1gh
1 <lill <.J\ th..lt thc nlJ�' producuon
oí books e.JU<;('(! th,mgC", in the \\,1\
pt.•nple workcd and tbi-, led to w iclcr
edccanon.
I': \\mm. Ot... we'H leJ\(' 1h,1t
discu.;.;iun thcre ror thc momont and
tcrs move on. S,mdra, ,,h,,t h,l\C \C)U
chi:N.'fl?
Lesson 7.-J Track 2.8
�hinnon, \mJ1,1
�= \loming \ni<ha.
4.: Ht. Sh.1nnon! Hm, ', il goin�!
E\1.•f\ th1ng Jlrighl?
,: \\ell.1 suppO'>C.'SO.
A: )()U don't -.ound \l'f\ h,1pp,.
�: \ \ t>ll. l'm h.1, in� .i hit oí trouhlt· ,, i!h
m, reachnj! ,md nutt•-laking.
Oh. \ \'ll\ !
A:
\: \\di. 11.,m 11,1ke ,t'I) gixxl rKJtt�.
Th<.'\ !'(' u<.U,1lh \('!'\ long. 1 \Hilt•
ckM n a lot 01 !.IUTT - p,.1g,-. ;md pagt"'.
158 AUOIOSCRIPTS
AUDIOSCRIPTS
lt tJI.C"' nlt:' .igt><. An<l <-OOK'liíTll"i
I thinl. l \Hitt• dO\\n tht· \\rong
in1nrm,1tiun !no. 1 don't rc.·all, J..nm,
nhJI l'm doin!,l ,,mng,
,\; Qt,.,. \\cll. 1 can tell ,ou \\h,1rs
,,orl..ed ror me. F1,...I 01 .11!, ,ou
.;f'Kmld remtmh<.'f \\ll\ \ou'rc rc.iding
,md m.:il.ing notC"i. \\ h.111, ill \OU use
thc ootcs 1or< Atl' tll<'I. tor an c<iS..l\ ( ,1
prestm!.:ition? .in t•xJm? lf thL'\ 're for
,111 ("-<;J\, \\h.lt\ lhl' [>li;<.l\ CJUC"ilillll?
Onh mal.e no!C"l II lhC' iníorm,1tion
1.,m hetp ,ou to ;inw,C'f tlll..• t"'<.;l\
qw><!inn. Don'! m.:il.c am n(lfCS ii thC'
inrorm.ition 1< .1hout ,mnlhC'í topic. lf
,ou l.rep th.11 in mind, it'II hdp \'OU.
)ou l.n<J\\ ,, h,11 1 m('an?
,: )t>Jh <ur(•.
": R1ght. lct'< irnaginr l'm rc.1ding ,m
.ic Jd«nic p.:iprr. lt � .ihoul cight
p,lh� long. U I\C' gnt lime, rhi., is
\\ hJt I clo. Tht> iir-t Irme I mu! the
1<.·,t. 1 don't m.11..e .1m nolC"i. 1 ju�t .
re.id it <tr.iight through. l 1ust tf\ ro
undt."f'.land it, \l)U l.nO\,. AUN th,it, 1
rC',ul it ,1g.1in Jnd highlight !hC' m.iin
ide,1s. l ,1l,,o h1ghligh1 otht•r poinb in
.i d111erl•nt c.olour. Tht.••(.' ,lrl' importJ.nt
1x1mt� hui lt"-� 1mport,ml than rhc
m,1m 1)0int,
): l\e got it.
A: Tht· nt•,t thiny. 1 do ... i'i m,,I.C' nott..,
or tlw iníorm.1t1un l\c highlighlC'd.
But I rlon't ¡u<t <ü¡J\ out the
iníorm,1tion. \\ hen l rn,ike no!e<,, 1
�ummarise tht- in1orm.1!ion, u\ing
J. tt'\\ L.C'\ ,,nrd� or phr,l-<.'S. Anc! 1
.ilso m,11..t> tht' no1("' usin!,l m, own
\\ord-.- n()l lhe ,1mc \\ords .,.. in tll<'
1c.·,t. Lil..l' lhi�. 1 r(•,111, undcr�t.md thc
notC"i rm m,1l.1ng. li ,ou ju,;t top',
oul <;(.'ntcnc.c."', ,r.. pí)<;c;ihle \oU don'I
,1Uu.1II, undcr-t,md ,m\ thing. 1\ml
... l"r ... \\C'II, ih.it, .1bou1 it, rl',111\.
I don·1 thml. [ c.m !di u,u .1n,thing
l'ls.c.
�: \\di, mu\t•gi\t•nmt.•<.tim(•gix>d
1dt:',l<ó. Th,1nl.s, \ni.;h.1.
A: Am thing cl.;e?
,: [r ... \1ell ... th(.'rc 1s '°ml'thing d!.e
... \l'.lh ' ..
Lesson 8.1 Track 2.9
Or 1 \ 1!,,m. ·\bol.1¡1
1,: Alright. Al1Ul,1j1 \UlÚl• nt•\I. t\rl' \'Oll
rc,1d\?
,\: \cs.
w: Ot.. thcn. �1;irt \\hl'll ,ou Jikc.
.\: C.nod mOfnin!,l C'\C'í\!-xx.t,.,. Le! nll'
.;1.:irt \\llh ,1 qucstmn: Oo )OU hl.t·
,k'L1)10g? TodJ\ 1 m going to 1.111. to
vou ,,hout �k'<.1l· 1 hope" to <ho\, wu
th.it ,ft.'(11 i� ,1 \ en imrc1rt,1nt ,md
intt'fl"iling �ubjt.'( t. But plc,1<;<,• �tJ,
,mal.e' - (km't 1,111 ,1,ll't.1> during m,
prt."'t."11t,1li1m!
<¡¡ it·nh<1s .irl' st.Jrting to under,t.md
,ICt.'p mLKh b<-ttcr 1h.1n lx·tore. ,md
1'11 nwntion (Onll' lll'I\ rC!>l'Jrth m
m) 1.1IJ... Bt'Lau,1.' 01 thc limitt'CI timl',
1'11 tm t•r thrt'l' .1rc.as:
1 hm\ much �lwp 1, (' m«I
1 thc l\',-X." .md .;t,1gc-, oí .;lt'L'P, .ind
l SOmt.' problC'm'i 1, ith s!t'(1l in
today's socict).
So, k·t'.. loo!,. flrst ,lt ho\1 mut. h sk'<.1)
pc.·ople nt't'fl. Most people <.pend
,iround a third p( tht-ir livc"' ,1<ic.'(,-i,
a!thoup.h thc O('l'CI 1or '>k'(1l 00 rc,1�-s
,-..ith age. A 01w-\c.•,1r-old l>,c1b, n<.«I,
about fourtt'l'tl hour, 01 <ill'<.'p J d.1\,
,l thild ní íivc nl'-'<I� ,1bout l\wl\l'
hour,., ,md ,1n <1duh ,1houl "l'\t'll lo
C'i�ht huu"'. I IO\\t'\l'f, d1úerent pt't,plc
nt'(.'(i diffcrenl .imount� 01 (lt'L'fl· ';¡imr
,1dulb nL'<'ll to <;ll.'ep tor len hour,. or
more ,1 cL1\, \\ hile other,:. nnh n1wl
h.1tf th.11 .imount or lf"i,. Flck.'fl,
pC'oplt> tcnd to .;IC'<'f) le-� th;in )Oun�C'í
,1dulb ,11 night, hu1 thC'\ dozt• lllOrC'
dunng !he <l.11.
Ltf.; turn no\\ to tht• <litfcrcnt I\I')("': 01
�lc,c.p, .md 1 <1polngi<.<• for u,ing !,omt·
r,1tht•r \t'(hn1c,1! l.in�u,1g1.• hl'Te. TilCrt•
,1rc I\\O typ1.-..;; of <il('('p, 1.nrn, n .1< R�"-1
�t('(•p ,md 1'R�\\ �lt.'<'f). Rh\l m1w1<
r,1pid t",t:' mo,t•nwnt. /\.Rí.\1 me.ins
non-r,1pid t.')C' nlO\cmt•nt. r\10,1111
our ,l('('p .1bou1 RO 1x•r ( cnt or tlw
sl('('ping pattern i .. 'R[M .;l{'{1J:
during th1� tinw hr,1in acti\11\ fal!s
to its IO\\l'SI IC'\cl. In RE.\\ �k.�p.1hc
hrain <;uddC'nl\ lx.'tnmC'S morl' ,KliH•
lil,..1• thc.• br.:iin ni .1 fX'f',on 1\ho\
;mal.e. Thc t'H"'- mm e r.ipicfü ,md
drC',llll� CKCUr. !,!:[,\\ <l('(.'p I<; ,llx>ut
one h,1h oí <k'-1' time in b.ihit"', ,1nd
about eme iiith or �IL'L1) time in adults.
Track 2.10
OK. Turning to tlw �1agc.; nr slt'<'p.
\\t' t,111 identll\ 11\<' st.1gL" 111 .1 nigh1\
�lecp, ,i� \OU t,rn 'i.l'C on thc �liclc. In
di1terenl �t.1g(', uf slccp, our hr,iin� put
togcthcr 1hough1s ,md t>:..prricnL('<;,
thcn �torc thcm in .in organi�(·d 1\J\,
givmg llS tle,lrt•r mcmnrit". Atcording
to RobC'rt Stitkgold . .1 �leep rt><;('ardll'r
.11 I l,lf\Jrd MC'dic,11 School in lfo!>ton.
ti <,t't.•m, lh;it chfkrent kind'i 01 <lf't1l
imprO\C rlitlt'rcnt l.md\ or m<•moric'<,
.md thi� might be 1,h, \\l' h,ne lh(.'
llw <liffcrt•nt s1.1g<"i ot <11.'1.•p. Rt'tl'nl
cxpc•rinlC'nts suggt."'1 th.it the fin,11 <t.ige
ot �k'i.1), RI. \\ �lt'L'Jl, h u·r. im¡)(>rt,ml
rnr org,mi�ing uur nwmorit"i .inri h('lp<
to imprml' uur lt•,1rmng. ,\J),ff\1 �ll't'Jl
i<; irnpurtanl tor m,11,. rng our memorit.><
<;tmngt>r. Fxperinwn1s h,11e ,1l<;ci <hm,n
th,11 thc· hr.iin \\ork, in .i dmerC'nt lhl\
JÍ!t•r \\t' ,t• h,1rl ,l goocl ni�hl\ �lc't'p.

Tho final Ml',1 l w,mt to talk about ,Hl'
!hmg:- that c.m stop us slccpmg \\C'II.
Üll(' oí them is 100 much light. Strecr
light� ,md sccurity lights mean that
cvcn \\hcn wo're aslccp. tt's never
compfctcfv dark. And Ihe- f'\ idr>nn•
SU�l·�ts that thc quantitv and qu,1lit} oí
darkm-ss in our livcs aftccts our hcalth.
1\nother problcm is the 24/i world. with
thc lmornct. 24-hour shopping, global
travel, etc. Bccausc of thi�. our d;irs
.tru bccomtng tongcr ,md rho night�
sbortcr - ,md this could also d,1m,1gt•
our hcenb. ,1� we'ro no! gct1ing enough
<lccp.
To <um up, 1 hope I\P �Ulll.'t'fl«I
in �howin¡.; )OU that slccp is ,1 vcry
impor1,mt ,md tntorcsnng �uhjc..>ct.
\\'e slccp less as \\l' gl't oldcr, hut
cvervhodv'� diñcrcnt - �>me people
nccd mnre sloop. otherv lcss. Thcrc
,U(' rwo IYJ>C'S of slccp-. NRFM ,mcl
RíM: mo-t sfcop i� l'\REM, but RFM i�
when dre;imin8 happenc. During thc
fivo dlfk-rent stogcs oí slccp. our br,1ins
org,rni�t· nur mcnumec ,md makc them
«ronccr. But 100 nwch ligh! ,1nd our
modcrn 1,.J1 or lifc can hove ,1 llc¡.l.llivc
tmpao on our slcoptng pcttems ,mcl. as
.1 rosult on our bralns anrl our hoalth.
rhank rou for Ji�lening Are rborc ,1m•
qul•qiom/ h anvoru- srllf ,m,11..c?
tesson 8.3 Track 2.11
Pot1f, tnvnc. Chmlim·
I':OK uwn. so 11 h,1t sh,111 we do ,iftt'f
<linncr? \ Vhat', on ,1t abcut c1¡.:ht
o'thxk. Emrn,1?
F: \\'di. thcre's .i c.l.1ssic,1I music
conrort in the l.1,1le or clse an open·
,11r mov ie. \Vh,1t 11ould yuu prcfcr lo
<lo. Chri,1111<'1
e: t'm no! wn-. 11h,1! kinrl oí íilm is it?
1: 11\ .m ludian íilm, ,1 IJ()lly11ocxl
film vou k1Kn1, with lo.id� or songs
,md rl,mcmg. Thie oncs ,, rom,rnlic
uim('(J�.
e: l lmm. 1 don'! i.incy that. l'd prefer
10 go 10 tho ctassfcal concct. \-Vh.it
,1bm1t you, Paul?
I': l think l'd ruher scc thc film. l'm
rml 1h,1t kcon on the cnncert. 1 don't
rc,111} Hke c.l,1ssic,1I mcstc. Wh,11
about you l·mm,1, wh,lt would vou
r.uhcr do?
1: \\'<•11, to IX' hon<.'SL 1 don't mind. 1 like
,111 mus1c.. The movic i,ounds good
ht'< .1u-.c l'vt• 111'\'l'f Sl'<.'11 .1 Bollyw()(){l
film bl'tow, ,md thcy'rc g00<I íun.
1hc dancing'� brilli,mt, so l've becn
lold. l:lut. tht' concert souncls !,lOOd
IK'l..,rn�c· it', in tlw t .1�1lc, ,incl I
thi11k 1h,1t'll lx• lovcly, ,1 rc.1lly l,>tX>CI
,itmn,phcrt• fnr rhc mu�it:.
r: 11·, in tlw C,Wlt>?
AUDIOSCRIPTS
e YC"S, in thc main h,111. ,\rt• ,nu more
intercslcd 11(}1\ 1
P: Y<.,c;, l ,1m. \\'c.• h.1H•n't IX"Cn to the
c.1�tlc> vl'I. ,md l'd lik0 to!,(.'(' il .it
ni¡.:ht.
e: Grrn1! LPt's ¡.¡o to th<· conc<'fl lhC'n.
\\'h,1t �h.ill \\l' do ,1itcr th,11?
E: t\11l'f th.Je
e: Oh l'C'>, Emma, no on<.• goc.'S to bcd
hdort• nudnight durin¡.¡ lhe Íl'Sli\al.
You h.i, e lo Sl't.' ,1' much ,1s 1ou L,m.
L: OK, f.iir cnough. \\'ell. l'm more
in1crcstcd rn thc l.11>,mCSC drummt'f!t
lh,1n thc on<.'-m,m 1hc,11re ,htl\l.
e: Y<.•ah. thc rln.,mmcr, rlo sound
mlcrC"Sting, but pcrhJp!t 11•c> �houldn't
gn 10 .1 St.>t.oncl mu�k evcnl
1: llmm, rn,l\bc P,ml. \\hich \\Ould }'OU
prt'Íer to go lo?
r: Oh. l'd lm<.· to "l't.' the drunm1er,;;.
Thc\ sound ,1mazing. And it's .i grc.11
ch,mcc to !',('C <.onwthing diíi<'rl'nt
,mrl unu,;;u,11. f'rl rarhcr <.<.'(• rh,1t th,m ,L
pl,l} ,1bou! Sh.il..cspt',1rc.
e: But \t "'l}S lhJt !lll' p!.w's reJII\ funn1.
And hn\, intcrt,c;1ing is lwo hour; ot
dnimmin¡.: ,i;:oing ro lx-?
1: Oh Christirw, l'm �urt• th<.• T,1ikn
drumming 1,ill ht• rt•,1lly intercsling.
l\e 'i(-'E.'11 �m<' oí il on TV. and l'd
lll\ e 10 <;('(' ii I i1 ('.
e OK tht'n, lc>J's go ,md SC(> thC'
drunmlt'r<,. But tomorr0\1. no mu�ir.
OK?
PM:OK.
Lesson 9.1 Track 2.14
( nmolt,int ..�/1,mu
e: Conw in. H(•llo. /r'c Sh.1mi. isn'f ir?
s: Th,11'<; right.
e: OK. lcl me ju,1 h,we ,1 look .-it trn.·
iníorm,ition hcrc ... �ou 1,orl.. in tht'
i\\Jrketing lx¡Mrlmmrt
,: Yl',1h.
e: And ... ,ou\e hecn 1,i1h rht•
< omp.m, ror �i, } e,,,...
i.: Th,11', ri¡.;ht.
e: Alright, íirs1 of ,111 le!'( 1alk ,ihout \OUr
gt•nt•r,11 if'din¡.:� ,1bout 1cJt1r joh. Do
you fed thc s.1mc ,1.:i, nm1 ,1� 1ou
ch{I si:>. }'C,HS ,1go!
s: \\'ell. no, not rc.ilh. 1 me,m, 1 thinl.. 1
U<;('(/ to bt• morC' enthusi,ict,c. ,\-\,1\bc.•
il's IX"C,IU"<' l'm nlder now.
e: Wcll. \Ou'rc �,¡[[ onl\ 2n. Th,1l's not
C.'X,1( th old!
,: No, l SUJ)l'XN' 11()!.
e \\'h.11 dsc h,1( ch,mgt'Ci!
1 work longcr hour, nO\,. \ \ hc•n I
i,:
<;tartf'{I, 1 didn'l u<.t• lo fim,h 11orl..
so l,11e. No,\, 1 h'<l honw ,1ftN <,(",t.·n
nc,1rl} c.-wry d,l\, hui I dun't thinl,, 1
rc,illy ,1th1cll' ,mi more.
e I St.'<'. \\1/iJ! ,1houl lhc.- wm¡Mm? Is il
hclping )'OU to dC\elop rll'\I cl..illsl
,: ,ec;, up lo .1 poinl. l'vt' clone onc or
h10 m,magC'rTlC'l1/ lr,1ining COUr.,(,'S in
th<' l.1s1 couplc or 1e.11"i. 1 th1nk l'm
rl'ilch for promotion flfl\\,
<.: \\'hat about othl'r ,lSfl('CI� 01 the joh?
On ,·nu gt'l lhr opporlunitv lo tr,11·<•1
muc.h?
s: 'º·not muc.h. But I ckln't reall}' mind
th.11. You 5<.'t'. 1 h,wl' to look ,1flt'f m1
mother ,1nd ...
Track 2.15
Comu/1,mt, Ror}
R: Good moming! l'm Run C1rroll.
C: Hcllo Ron. H.:ive ,1 <.t.•,Jt. \Ycll. \'OU
<;ft•m lo h.11 e lhl' lung<'Sl �'f\ ice
rt't.ord- SC\'1:'nl<.'t.'fl \'l'.l�!
N: Th,11's right.
<.: \ \'di. you're 00\ iousl, happ) h<.'fC!
N: 1 ,lm. yes. ,1lthough il u<,<.'t.l to I)(> morl'
fun.
e: \\11,,, ·, 1ha1?
N: \\'ell, it 1\JS more <;(Ki,1hk•. 1 US(_'(/
to go out mort• 11 ilh n11 collt',ll,llK."',
,1i1cr worl.. ,ind for lunch. \ \ ht>n J fir.;t
sl,1rtcd huc, \\Ch.id \'l'f\ long lunch
hrt•ak�. ••onwlillll><: íor tno hour,.
Nrn, it'� more hl..e 1h1r1\ mmu\(.'<;.
And Wl' ali U<.t'tl tlX' g, m le>gC'thcr.
Th,1t ckK�'t h,1ppl'n mu1.h llO\\.
<.: Did \�)U u<;(• In 1,orl.. morp ,1,;; ,1 tc,1m?
R: Yes, J �uppo<;(• l\l' did. U',;; inl<'fl"'ting
, ou mt•nhon that. \ \'c'rc.• mofl' un our
0\1n nll\l, l ,1lso US<.'<l to !r,wel ,1 lol
more loo. Tht'\ 've <ut down on !h,11.
e: H.is ,1111 thin¡.: dwn¡.¡c.'tl ínr lht• heUt'f?
1i:: Y1.,c;, tht.'fl' ,m: m<:)t'l' oppnrtunitit,c; to
lt'.1m lll'\\ ,i. rn, ,mcl dt,t>lnp 1rn1r
<..lrCC'I'. ll's mor<' profr..,�ron,11 nm1.
Al<;(), tht.'I didn'I USI.' lo p,l\ \OU
pro¡x.>rl\. Till• rnon<.'I '!> mulh bl'tlt•r
ml\1 ! Th.il'� proh,1hh wl,,, l'm �lill
ht•rc!
e \ \ h.11 .ihout vourq,lt( H,1\l' \'ou
t..h,m1.w<l ,111ht• s.une t1ITM.' ,lS thl'
comp,m,?
N: l'\o. 1 don'! thinl.. <.n. 1 lhink l'm prelt\
muth thc �imc Jll'f•,on 1 \\,l� ,111 tho,;c
ll',lrS ,1go.
Track 2.16
1 She u,;c.'CI 10 1,orl.. l.itc.
2 Did \OU U<;(.' In go oul 111Ufl' \\ ilh
coll<',1gut-.?
J / le chdn'I uc1• ro Ji,1en ro rrn.•.
4 Slx· didn't U<.(' tht.· gvm C'\c'I'\ d,1\.
5 Thc.'I uSl'CI 1ht•1r opportunitics ,1dl.
6 Did lht• (Olllf),111\ U:,t' thl' fl�Ult<; ol thi..•
,ur.l'\?
AUDIOSCRIPTS 159

Lesson 9.3 Track 2.17
lul/,m,Ri{hJrd
L: So. \\hil h oi our products are plU
lnterocrd in�
R: O"-. \\l'II. wc'rc lmcrcstcd in bm 111g
'-''mt' digi1,1I rnu-h, plJn'f", the 11'.J
modcl. l lm, much are thC'\ IX'f ilm1?
1: l.ct's sce.... k..,, tll('\ 're SlOOcJch.
11.: S 100? Th.11,;ccms rathcr high.
L: RP,1lh! l '<('l'. Hcl\\ much would vou
lil.C' 10 JJJ' !
11.: ,\huut SH>
L: 1 st_>t•. \\'l•ll, l'm not sure 1h.11 \H' ron
go th,n Jm,, hui ,,e con oífor vou .1
dis.<.ounl. JI dcpcods on 111(' qu.uuitc.
I to" m,,m would vou hkc to onk·r?
R: \\1•d likt.• ;oo. \Vh,1t di<;(.ount 1.10
vou offcr?
1: \\'di, l'm atrald wt.' LJn onl, ofier J
'.i"u discount on 'iOO, hut it ,ou ordcr
1,000. ,,1• can oíil..>r 1 ;<> "·
11: I "('(•. Th,11 might be cliffkult. l'm not
sure ih.u \\(' l ,lll �11 1.000. \\ h,ll
aboot rf \\L' order 750?
L: \Vdl,tfwn,,ec.mgi,c,'OU.110" ••
clisc.ount.
11: Hmm. that's still .l bit low. Ht)\\
.:ihou\ 1 :?. 'iºo?
1: 12. l" •• ? l'm nol eure \\l' can offer
that. Allhough, íi \OU orclcr 800. \H'
l,ln offt'f 12."i" .•.
11: Hmm. 800, ,,t•II ...
L.: 11', no! \'l'f\ mJm more. ,md the
dl'ilmmt i� good.
R: \ \'ell. vc-. OK 1hm. \ \e'II order 800
t: Flne, .md \\l''II �i\{•.1 11..)".,
discounr. So. tbc flnal price i� sa-.'io
per ucm.
11: Sh,111 w e 1 .111 it sa-1 Kt,v it ,1 round
numlx.'f! 1 nwan. \H' hopt• to bu,
more in ihc futurc ...
L: Th.11 soond.. fine. S8i por ltcru it le,
tht'fl.
11: Gre.11. 1,m,. ,,h,11'� vour normal
deliH_'f\ time!
1: 11·� u�u.111, 1hin, d,1,� aúo- voor ordcr.
11; Ot.., rhc �r,md,ml lime. At 1u,1lh. ,,e
roed 1k·h,C'I) in h,o ,,C'<'l�. C.m , (HJ
do lh,11!
L: T,,o \\l'l,t..s? No. l'm anaid wc t,111·1
dolh,11.
R: Rt•Jlh?
1: Rt•JII\. l'm .nr.ild lhc, \Hlffl IX' f(',lrf,.
ror dl'li,C'r. b, then. Thim d,1,, i, thc.•
he<.!''" 1 ,m rk,, l'm .nrald.
R: OK. 1h.1t'll lx• fow. l'erh,1p,; \\C con
th,mgt• thing� lll..'\I time.
t: Ot.. usen. So, HJU ordcr 800 IP-1
muvh pl,1\t'f'i ,11 SR- doll,1f'i fX.'f itorn,
,111d \\l' dclivcr in llmh rL1, ,. 1, rh.11 ,l
dC',ll?
R: Til,ll � ,1 ck•,11.
t: C,11•Ht'fll. 1� thore .1m1hing ctsc
\OIÚl' interc...tcd in!\ \ch• n11t'fin),\ ,1
gn•,1t dt•,)I nn rli�it.1[ l,lfl)t'f.1, Jt thc
rnonwnt.
AUDIO",( RIPT",
160
AUDIOSCRIPTS
11: Rl',1lh? Oh?\ \'h,1r, tht_-. dt•Jl! 11 il's ,1
¡.,'<x)(! h.irg,iin, 1 mighl 1.x.· inl('f('<,\cd.
\\hilh model ...
Lesson 9.4 Track 2.19
lnw,f'. \ 1•1100
1: Gocxl mormngt'\"l'r-.OOC'. \\ckoim·
to C.1dhur-. \ \ orld. \ \\ nJmc·� 1 ouiSt.·
,uxl l'm \our guidt• thb mornin� OK.
let\ S('(_' wh1..'fc t'\ l'f\hnrh conie.
frum l()(IJ\. Put ,oui hJllCls up ir
,ou're from lhe Ut... L'h·huh. l\nyort<'
1rom B1nmngh.:im�
\ 1: \('<;!
L: Gu1xl 10 'i('(' <lflt' ur f\,o lrx:,1k
•\lnght SO tht• rl"'I 01 \'OU ,1{(' \ i�ilOf';
1mm ,1bm,ui? And \\hl'fl' .1rc ,ou
Ímm!
\'l: From thc L'S. Flori<L1.
\J: l'm FrenLh.
,�: Sp,1in.
\'5: J.ip,m.
n,: \\ e're Írúm Turlt'\.
t: Oh. 1 h..ul .1 lmch holid,1, lhcrt• l.1�1
,c,ir. \n\'\\.J\, it loo!..� lil..c 1,C'\t' gol
quik' ,1 101 01 1or<·ign, 1�iluf'i t1)(l,11.
,0\1, h,1s ,m,orx.• lx'l'n hcfl' hdorc!
1'o. OK. so it'� l'\ t'I'\ boch '� firsl time.
Alright. \OUr l(IUí thi,; mornil!H ,,ill
l,1�1 Jboul ont• hour. Fif'il oi ,111. l'm
f,'(>ing to tell \'OU ,1 Tl'\\ i..e\ thinR5
,1lxx1t tht• hislor. oí c.hoc.ol,llt'. lht'fl
1'11 ",I\ ,1 littlc bil ,1houl lhl' tomp.m,
,md ,1t1<'r th..11 rrr <..1, ,1 fl'\, ,,Ofcb
,1hou1 h0\1 chocol,1tc 1� n1.1dc. t\11
th,11 \\ ill 1,11..c .ihout tcn minult>s. ThL•n
11l''II go mund th<' í,1110!'\. llm1 <loes
thJI <;QUfld�
r: Good. \\ di \\C' l,1s!l• ,1m chocolJlt'?
1: Oh H"'. Don·t 1,orr. JIX>ul th,11.
TI)('f{··ll Jx.• .-i {h.Jntc to t.iste sonll' oi
our dditinu,; p«xlut 1� ,11 tlw t•nd!
Track 2.20
l: 01\. So. lt•r � lool,. ,11 the hi�tor.
or thi.x.ol,11e. To ,1.1n ,,ith, ckx..�
,111\ l•xf.. kll{)\, 11 h<•rt' n1,1lt• llf'il
t llf)(
t.Jm<' from�
,s: From l ,11in ,\nK'tic,,. r thinl...
1: Yí"'. th,11', righ1. 111,,1-. thc \\.1,.m�
!\lho li\l'fl in \\h,11\ rnl\\ CC'nlr.il
\lllf..'fi1..,1 .md \\t•\ltul ,,ho tir-t
rli"Co1 t•rt'fl lhl' dl'ltghb oí thornl,11c
1n ,1\)(JUI ()O()>,f). Tli<•, 1ound 1h,11 thc,
tcH.dd m.il..c ,1 ddiciou, drinl,. lmm
r0,1,t{'(l coco.1 ht',lll\. Do ,111 our
IOfC'1�n , i�i1� 1..nm, the fllC',ming 01
ro,1�t{'(l/
\J: C,x,1.cod in ,m ll\C'f1,
t: c,.1tll,. Tht• \ \.l\;m, c,11k'CI tht'ir
t ht,n,l,1tt• drinl.. thtlf.ol,111. lt l\,l) ,1
rt•JI lu,ur. IX'CJU'-C' (Oco,1 lx,,m�
,1 C'f(' , t'f) , ,1lu.1hl1•. In i.lll. 1x.'f1pk•
"<lflll'liml"' U'-l'Cl lo µi,t• them ,1,
prt"'l'flt,. or C\ l'fl u<,cd 1hem ,1,
mtmt'\. �oon. chocol.111 �prmd lo
the A/lt'l rh ilis,1tion ,mHJml modem
,\\c,ko Cih. In 131-. 1ht· Sp,miMd.
Ht'fn.ln Cortt� .:mi,-c'Cl 1n \ tt·,iLO. Ht•
tr,1,cllcrl to mt'<'I tht· Aztt'l rn,pcror,
a\\tJltc.lUmJ. \\ ht1 intrudutt'CI Curtt'�
to hi� Í,l\'ourilc drml..- dlllf.Ol,111.
Tht.'\ S(.'fVt.'Cl the drinl.. to C011l>s in
J c.up m.1dc 01 �old. 11 ,ou look JI
lht• slidl', vou c,m '-l'l' lht'i-n clrinl..mg
l<>RCthcr.
\\'hen Cortes rt•lurnt>d In Sp.1in
in 1 'i.!8, h(• lo..1dC'd hi, �hifl" ,, ith
n-x-0.1 hc.m� ,md {'(¡u1pment 1or
making lht• ch1xnlJlt• drinl... Soon
chornlalt' hcc.1mt' J populJr drinl..
11 ith rich ¡x'Oplc in Sp.1in. Hui 1\
too!.. nt',1rl, llMJ \l',1f!> 1or tht• nt'\"
oí ttx.0,1 ,1nd thotol,1tc rn ,pre.id
Jc.ross [uropc. as thc Sp.mi�h kcpt
it ,l "<.'Crt'I. In thl' 1-th ll'nlUI'\.
chocol,1tc houscs likC' rnl!C'C' shop,
tt)(l,11 - lx.'C,lflll' f:X.>pul,1r in lnndon
,md olhc·r l.uropc·.in litic·�. llu1 ir
\\,1�n·1 until lhc lltlh ccntur. 1h.i1
1..hcKol,11c lx'l,1mc thc.1pcr .ind
J\,1il,1blc 1o ,1 l,1rgc ¡x·ru•nl,1gt• ol thL·
popul,1tion.1\bo in thc• l'Jth H·nlun..
thc, iound ,11,.1, to m.11..C' chocolate
h.líd, sol id to m.11..e thc l',lling
chocol,1\t' ,,e lm <' 1ncl,1, ! 511, th.11
'"1� .:t \'Cr'I. bric1 h1stof\ ol c.hcx.ol.itc.
To sum up. 11 �t,lrtNI .,� .1 dnnl.. in
(·enlr,11 Anwrit,1. it 1 ,lflll' lo Furopl'
\1 ,th thP Sp,m.�h. 11 �prc,lCI ,ro,,l,
,un>"� lhc nml1nt•nt .md lm,111,
hec.,lmc somcthmg ,1 lut ol pt:oplc•
u1uld Jltord lo t•,11.
'º" 11..nm, ,01.-rC' .111 \C'r. I..N•n lo
,1,1rt thc tour. but lt't'� turn nQ\1 to
lht• tomp.m\ ¡u�t lnr .i mmulc ...
Review Units 7-9 Track 2.21
\n11,1. Rob
A: l'm l:x.,rt'<L Lct � Ht' out tlm l'\l'nm�.
11: OK. l'd lmc to go 10 lhC' 1hc,11rc. 1
ha,cn't l)('('n íor .:i¡:;cs.
A: J'm rn>I '>un.• .1lxll1t lh,11. 1'm not lh,11
kt,·n on thc tht•,llrc. \ \ h,11', on?
11: 1hcn•\ ,1 pla, h, 1),1, id .\l,mwt. Tlw
titkC'b ,1rc LW. !.15 or !JO.
A: Oh. th,11 'il'l'fll'- ,1 hit high to m(• iur
J p!J\ in our l(x ,11 th1•,,1rt•.
11: \\(•11. ,,h.11 ,,ould ,uu prt•lt•r todi,?
A: \\mm, 1 m mor<' m1ert><óltod m
50melhing JtÜ\C'. l thinl.. l'd r,1lht•r
go d,mcing.
11: 1 clon'l 1,m< \ d.mling! 'º rd prc•tt'f
to µo 10 ., 1 on(1•rt.
.,: ,\ túfll crt? Ot... ll't\ <.t"l' \\ hJt'<. on.
Bul ,,h,11 .ihout ii \\C go d,1m inµ al
thC' \\<'l'l..('fld?
tt: 1 <kln'l knm,. bx,I... ,\111 don'1 ,ou
go d,1nt ing ,,i1h ,our tricn<l, JI lht•
\H'l'l..t•nd?
A: But rd rJlht•r go ,, 11h \()U.

N: lf )OU go with rour rril'mk 1'11
u.11il.. a rL•ally nk e dlnncr tor uc on
Sund.1\.
A: 01< that sounds iin<•!
Lesson 10.1 Track 2.22
I in\ trn.m1rics íounded the Urnu..'<I
/\.,ilion� ,l!l('f the Sccood \ \Ofld \\',ir, on
1ht• 14th of Octolx.'f 1 'J·Vi. to \x.• ex,11.-t.
t\Ítl,. '-U{h ,1 tmibll' \\,lf tht.'\ tnun<k:<l
thl' UN 111 ordcr 10 m.1int,,in w,1rlrl fX'.1<l'
,md sccuruv, to dcvelop trimcHy rcl,1tion�
ht•l\\'t't'll <.ountril'!i ,md to imprnw livinp,
l ondilinns ,,,xi hum,m right, ,1Lnr,,, 1ht>
world. Then' .irc rlO\\ ! 111 cow1tm..'S in
thc UN. lh.it\ lll'.lrl) ('\l'I'\ counnv in
tlw world. and repn..""l..'111,ltivc.w;; frnm tbeec
countrlcs rrcct ,11 thL• UN hc.iclqu.1r1ers in
,t•wYor¡,,.
For mo,1 pcoplc the St'<..fl'IJf) Gcncr,11
ol tlw U/\. b 1lw ÍJu• ol 1his m.1S.Si\c
org.mi,.11ion. Tlu' St'I n+arv CC'nN,11 i�
thc p,..-rson 1h.1t Wt' usu.1lh seo on tho
11·11•\ ,�ion ncws whcn tho UN ckx.". i
•,onwlhing imporl,lllL Owr lht• )'t',11'5.,
thc So, rt'\,11'\ General h.e, l orne 1ru111
m.im tliftN<'nl rountri<"-, such ,1� Fgvpt,
l\•ru and �11 cdcn. thc t urrcnt scc reurv
Ct•m•r.11 i� tmm Soulh M>r(\l.
llw UN worl..� m ,, \\ id<• r,1!1),\l' oí ,1rc.i�.
111th ,1 �'fll..'fJI ,um to nuprovc 1ht• li\�
01 nrd1n,uv IK'<)lllt• ,md to l..t'<'P pcocv
m 1ht· world. hlr evomplo. 1hc UN
ht•l1:,,; rt'Íu).ll'<"', holp- thc t'l.onomk
1k•wli,¡,mm1 ol pnon'f toun1rit'S and
ru11, tlll' cuurt uf lntt'rn,11io11.1l lu,titt•. 'Iwn
,lrl',1' 1h.1t 1ht• l 11' 1� nol mvolvcd in are
enK'ft,lllmK..nt ,md rt•l1giuu, educouon.
Track 2.23
Ht•r/J 1 ,1111
B: l \i rhcro. \ ihn. ! lO\\ are \'OU(
1: 1 ti BP1h. l'm f11w lh,ml..,. You ,11riHh1(
11: k.ih, tmo. vo vou rt•ach to update
the 11th;ite! l'w H011ht• �'l.re1,m
(.;t·ncr,11'- <.t h1'<iult· 1or nt·,t \l't"'<-.¡,,
hen-.
1: \urt'. l m' ,111,ll. \ \ h,11\ h1• 1loinV, un
\\lmd,11!
R: wou, ,Klu,1111, he i�n'I rloing .1mlhing
t•,1rl1 m nw rrt1irnin� hu! al 11.1 í
.1.111. lw\ nll'l'ling 1ht• �\ri,m Fmt•1¡.:n
,\lini,!t'f.
1: '>1>rr1, which mini,lcr! M) romputor
11,1,n't qulte readv,
11: ( )r 1ou \1crcn't l1slt•nin).\I Tiw lon•1gn
\lini<.lc>r. OI "i1ri,1.
1: 1 irw. Gn11h,1! mi\\. Anvthing ,1111..'r
1h,1t?
n: kp. At tour n'l lotk lw'� mt'l'1ing
tht• Amh,1<.<.,1clor rrom Tht• Congo.
,\ntl 1h.1r, 111or Mnnrt.1,. lk•,1cfl for
Tut'<.(l,I\? Or .irt• ,ou ,1ill ,1,1iting lt ir
rh,· t 11mpu1l'r to l,lllh up?
AUDIOSCRIPTS
v: Surt'. l'm rt•,1cfl. 'HJu t,m w1 JS 1.1st .1�
vo1.1 ,,,mt rn.M.
s: OK, <;0, ,11 len he>� g1, ing ,1 <t,ltt•mt•n!
10 thc l)('l.'dopment ('c,mmitll'l',
,1bou1 thl' u;,...\ pl,1n� ior ne,t )c<1r.
111('11, ,1Í1c>r lum h, ht•'� <.t'l•,ng the
Prt,sirll'nt 011\w �'luri11 (uuntil. lht'
mt'l•ting i .. ,11 thrt,•, ,ind it'II proh..ihl1
1>t' ,1 long 011('. <.t) lw'<. no1 m<.'l'ling
,1nyonl' ds<.' th,11 ck1\.
v: Surt•lhing.\\t'Clnt••,d,11?
s: Yes. \Vl'llne•,,L1, . \\l'll, \H•\c
org,mi$C<l thc morrnng. hut 11c'rc not
sure ,11x,u1 tht• ,lltt't'noon.
v: 1 ine, tt•ll me ,11M1u11hc mornmg 11011
,1ml \\l..''11 do ll'K' rt"-1 l.111'1'.
K: IJ\ldl, in thc rnorning lw's ¡.iomg to
tht' Empirc �.1lc> Building II h«c hc's
holding ,1 pre"'� confcrt•ntc 1111h 1he
N\l,<.l.'ngt.'f!,, oí Pt•,ltC'.
v: Wh,111ime t'\Jlli\? 1 c,111'1 rc.illv ju�I
,,, •m lhC' mnrrnn¡f!
K: Oh �orry, 1 thoughl 1 s.1id. Th,11's ,11
10.10.
v: Uh-huh. 1-int•. TI1t' pr1,.,-;, tonft·rcntl'
,uuncl,, ,1 ¡.:11od 11k•,1. lt'll gct somc
pul1litit,.
R: \ \lt• hopt• <;1J. Anl'\1,1\, ,l"l'I' lh.11, ,lt
111irlrl,1r lw\ meeting thc Br,1lili,m
Prt"'id(•nl tu d1S1.. u�� tl1t• r,11nforl'SI
prott'<..tion pl,m.
v: Finl'. Gol th,1t. \ \'ha!'� 111•,ir
11: \<Vt•II. th,1t\ \\h,11 \u•'n• no1 �,1rt• ,1boul
l1t'<.,IU'-l' on lhuNl,11 hl'., lr,l\dlin�
to ruropl'. Bl'fnrl' 1hat. lw might tlll'l'I
hi� .i�,1s\Jnt, \\ hn ,m• tr,lll'lling II ilh
him, or lw might phrnw tllt' Brithh
Prinlt.' Mini.,,1cr. He'- gom).\ to ck.>tidc
tnmnrrcl\\. So. 1'11 upd,11c ,ou th('n.
1<: OK. \\c\l, l'll pul upthc inÍ!MTI1,1lnm
th,111ou\t• ,1lrt•,1cfl gi,t•n mt' .iml
1ht•n .idcl th,1! ('\lr,1 iníorm,11ion
tomorrm1. 1 lm\ lon¡.1 i, hl' ... 1,11 ing in
[uro¡x•?
11: T110 \H>t·I..�. ,md \OU 1100'1 n{'('(l lo
put up lht• daih ,t ht'<lull' ,,hill' ht•"
,1\\,l\,
\� 1 int•, l'w hº1 pl1·nt1 o1 ... 1uf1 10 ck1
,llW\\,11. [rm. m.11 1 .1,I,., 11h,1t .in· ,ou
domg 10111¡.\hl{
e: Oh, l'm AOtng oul 1CH' ,tinncr \\ ith m,
hu�h.rn<l. tht'rt'\ ,1 1w,1 rt"'t,nir,1111
th,11'... o¡x•m'<l nt.',lr u� .
,: Oh, 1ourhu,h,md ...
11: k.. \\oh\ rl1d \OU .,,L 1
v: Oh, no rt',1"1m. H.11t' .1 ni( t' t'Vt'lllrl!-\,
11: lh.mL \OU IOU l(K). \re \OU doinA
.rn, 1h1nA?
,: 'º· nn, J quil•1 n111)11 m for rnc.
11: ()t,. tht•n, \1cll. 1,1IL to �uu ,1g,1in
11hC'n 1ht• i;;c n·1urn,.
\': ',lJI'(', hl('.
s: Bvt•.
Losson 10.2 Track 2.25
q: \ \ hl'n \IJ� fi,11 ""-" up!
A: 11 wa<. •,l'l llp in 1 W)<J, in Turin, in
ll,11\. lht· Íil"-1 Í,lltnr. ,1 ,lS o¡X'n<.'<I in
1 ')00. 1 rn workt•r<, wcrc cmployt'd
(ll('f(' ,100 tht>\ pr1xluc.t."<l l-l t<1rs.
t\l the lime, lt,1h h,1d ,1 popul.1t1on
oí 12 million lll'<Jpl<' ,md most oí
1hem \\url..t'<I in 1.irmin¡.i. TI1b w,1s
.:m c:-.c.iting perind in hi<.lory: cint'fl�a
,md r.1dio ,,C'rt• uwt•nlt'fl ;m1und th1s
tml<' 100.
q: Wherl' \\'l'rl' c.,1r<, testt'<I in 1he c,irl}'
,c.1rs?
A: Ón thc roof of lhl' í.tttor1·! TI1c I i,11
Í,l( lcll) ,11 1 ingo1111 \\J� tomplt.>lt'II in
1912. 1t 11 ,l\ thl' l,,rHt"'t in Euro¡X' ,11111
h,1d fivc fl�. On 1hc rooí thcn.· 11 as
,11r,1eL \\ht•rt• 1,.,1r, \\('rt' lt"-ll'CL
Q: Whcn WC'rc> e.ir ,1dvC'r1� ,1i1Tl{'(l ,11
\\Ollll'!l íor lhl' íir,11i11wr
i\: In tht• m11! l{)]t),.. !Jt,md,ml" of 11, 111¡;
II NI' ri�ing .ind changc<, in "ocich
\\l'rt' (K.uming.
IJ: \\lhich llL'l\'Jl.lfK'f \\,\<. IM1t1ght l11 fi,1l
in 192(,, Corri<.'ft' 1h.>ll.1 \1•r,t or
/,r 51,,mp..i?
A: l,t 5!JlllP,.I, 11 nll',lfl\ ·nwPrp<.�' in
lt.ili,111. 11\ ,1 lll'I\ �p;ipcr irom Turin,
hut 1x11plt• rt•,1d il in o1ht•r p,111, 11Í
lt;,I, l(M).
Q: \\'h,11 \1,1<. wL up io thc 1Jtt• 19.W�r
A: A lol of <,('!\ 1c� 1or cmplovC!CS, for
CltJn1ple. hc,1hh c,lrl'. <;(._h(MJI,;, �por1�
dul,-. .md ht1lic�1, t,m1ps 1nr childrcn.
Othcr tomp,1nie,; �xm u>picd lhC'S<•
idc.',1�. Sorl'K' 01 tht• !>l'fvict"' Jrl' .,,¡U
,ll tiH' 1od,,v.
<1: \ \'ht•r1• \ll'fl' íi,1t ,.,r�
uimtruclcd m
lht•twh 19JO�!
A: n.,t inut•,N..'<i i1, ,1t1i,ilil..,,11Jro,ul JI
1hi, 1irnt' ,ind t,lr" \\l'fl' (on,trut1<'d
in Fr,m(t', �p.un ,md 1-'ol,md. llw
c.omp,1m ,11�0 n¡l<'nl'I! ,1 b,ml,. 1n
lk'flin.
Losson 10.3 Track 2.26
l"ir<ól, Wt' \\,1111 lo cll'liv1•r ,1 m,1Hit,1I
t'\lll'rll'OLL', .1n dt'llril\ mg ,11mn�phl'r.t·
1or t 01llfX'lih1r� ,m<I �pt.'lt,1tor... �)ur ,11m
i<. 10 in�pirc 1nUrlH f'M'<�ll<' m Hril,1111 ,md
,lt ro�,; 1hc \1orld 10 p!J1 '-¡)Orl. \Vt• 11 di
ck1 "h,1tC'\'l'f \\l' t,m 10 m'i11rt• (hil(lrPn
10 ( htKJ<ól' �1x1rL II ht•rc1t·r tht·1 li, t', .
11h,1\C1l'f tlll') rh l\h,lll'\l'I' 1ht•\ IM•ht'll'.
'lht><;1._• 11ill hl' ,1 nwn-11.1r,il1le G,mll�. ,\
G,llllt" lh,11 \\ 111 111,pirt.• \OUll)t 1x11plt' \11
l1dil·1t• in tht· 011 mph irh1l.
2
Ami 1h,1t mJgit ht'Aim" 1th !he
,t·nut">. \\e'II u•c e,i ... 1mg 11orld-
tl.i,� 1t•nut.., ,,pt'll,1tul,1r t 11\ tt•nlr1•
lt1t,1lnm�. ,1ncl mn"I irnpor1,tn111, wt>11
º161

creare an Oh mplt park \\ hich i� ¡usl
wvcn rrnnutcs from thc tl'ntrc of
I ondnn. In the OI\ mpit p,irl.. thcrc'H
llt' ,l m.1gnii1Lcnr 80,000 \>CJ! Ol)mpic
q,1dium and ,, f,mt.1s!iL .rqu.utc centre
for the s111mming t•H•nt�. l t.rlf oí the
vcnucs 11 lll be onh ihC' minutos from
thc arhlcrc-,' ,l( t ommodatinn .md onh
ton pt•r cent 11 ill lx- more th,m !wrnt1
numnc-, ,1\1,11.
] RQint out th,11 ;r� 1bow coun1riG
The Oh mpk park 11 ill conu!n lhl'
Oh mpic I ill,1gt·; 11c'JI pu1 athlotcs ..i1
íhc hc.wt of thc g,m1cs. Thcn-'!l be 8,íXJ()
double roorm and thiv .icromrnod.nlon
will be modem. �p.1nou� .,nd
rnmfor1,1b!t•. Athletcs w1II he ¡u�t ,l shorl
11,111,. from tlw main <t.idiurn. The� '11 IX'
.i1 thc centre of thc O!rmpit t':>.1X'rit'l1ce.
'thc Olvmprc p.rrk will bt•onl) sccon
rninun-, from Conrral! ondon b\ tram
\ i,l ,l 11C'\I high-cpced train ',('I"\ Ice. Nim-
otht·r r,1il\\J\ and undcrgrcund lincs
will furm the b,t�b ui ,1 tornp1eht·n�i1c
¡iubli, transpon �\ <tom "<.'f"\ ing t•1 t'í\
\t>tiut•. t\ '-l)('l i,11 Olvmpic bus �('l"\ict•
11 ill prm i1lt• quill.. and t',lS� joumev-,
bcrwcon vcnucs. Fm,,11.,,, \H1"II ¡.li\e Írt't'
publh transpon tu ,111 ,1thlt•11�. nffici,11�
,md �IX'< l,1\or,.
Lesson 10.4 Track 2.29
-�1x.•,1/..c'r: \ucl11•,i(t' membor
,: tlood c-wning. Tl1,ml.. 1nu for imiting
me herc lhi\ l"H'rling lo t,1/k about
rnrcrpol. the 11 orlcl', l<1�t'St polit e
nrg,1111�.1t1on. Nm,, 11hJ! do vou think
nf 11 hen vou thinl.. OI lnlerpolt ,\ lot
of J)('(•plt• gct thorr im,1ge of nuerpol
lrom booís ur films. l\:orh,1p,; 1hc1
lhtnl,. or .1 1 rene h polk cmon Jrom
thc 11)h0s, 11twing ,11011µ p.rlc coar.
Or perhaps the, thlnk or •onwthing
lil..c ,1 J,1mc,; Bo11d film, or \li"ion
!111¡x,�,ih/1•, 11ilh l1t.•,1u1irul "l'I ret
,lp,<'nt,. r\t!u.ill�. lnll•rpol i� r,11twr
ditreroru lo thb .md toniglll t"m gning
10 gi1e vou an idc,1 about the real
rmcrpol. t-ir,t oi .111, l"!I <,,11 ., littlt•
,11.>oul lnll'rpo\'s histor.. T11cn t'll talk
about huorpcl todav: 1'11 tell vou
ho11 it's org,mi<.t.'li ,md. fin,1lh, 11h,11
it dot... .. Tlwrt•'II IX' ,omc !inw ,11 tht•
cnd ior qutw;titm�.
Althnup,h 1hl' ide,1 for lnt('l'pol
1, ,,s hom in l 1114 il1 .1 l onlt•renet'
in \ lnn,lln, 1h<· 1 irst \ Vorld \ \',1r
intt•miptcd 1t, d<•ll'!opmcnt. lt
1\,1' t'l.t•ntu,1111 < r<•a!cd 111 1911. in
Vit•nn.1, 1\u,tri,1, .1lthnugh it had ,1
clirforent n,mlt' ,lt th.:i11i111e. In thc
bt•p,1nnint,:,.. thcrl' 11 N"l' fourtt'l'n
nwml)(•r <.mm!rit"'. Tht· 1\ orl. oí thc
nrp,,mi�11101111.i� lnt<.•rrt1ptC<I b1 tht•
AUDIO",( 1-W'f",
'162
AUDIOSCRI PTS
Sccond \\orld \ \.ir. In 19-H, lnlt'rp11I
rt',1ppe.irC'<I 11 ith ,1 lll'I\ headqu.1rtm
in l',iri� .•md it h.1, rf'm,1ined in
fr;incc sincc lhm. In 11)89 lhc
hc.:idqu,1rtcrs 1\slS 1110\t'Cl to Lvon
\1hcrC' 1t b ltxl.1\.
1',,011 lcr� l1M1i.. at thc mod('rn
lnterpol. Fir,1 oi ,1IJ, hrn, is il
organi,t'tl? lnll'rpol nm1 b,1� 184
illUD!..x>r rnuntril.. ,, And kt ml'
lb.il p,n for it! 184 wun!ril"<
- th,11 m,1i..cs it rhc •ccond hlgAt"-1
intcrn.ilion.il org,mi,..llion aftcr !he
Unitcd 1'.1tion�. The he,1dqu.irtcrs
in Llon opcr,11t� 24 hour;; ,l d,11,
J6'i dJ}� .1 \CJr. !:it,111 rrom nl(m•
lh,m HO counlriC"> \1orl,. �idc--h1 -
side, u�ing thc mg,mi�a1ion'� íour
ofillial l,mgu.igt�: Ar.1b1c, l:np,ll�h.
Fren1..h .ind Spanish. ThNc .irt_• .11-.o
,ix rt),:ion,11 offiu><; .irouncl lhl'
\\Orld. In ,111, \\t' h,1\'(' ,1hou\ 450
,1.11i. Ye<,, tha1's ri¡.;ht perh,1p, 450
rkM..-sn"1 <;0und J lot lu \Ou. Bul th.11
fi¡.;ur<· i, ju�1 for tht• slall in L\on and
tht• rcp,ioo,11 offill"-. l ,Kh mt•mbcr
countr. .1lso h,1s 11, m,n lnter¡lol
otiicc. ThC' ,1,1íf tht·rt' tome irom
1ht• nJlion,11 poliu• for1..c. .12!.ill.l
ior�<'I tbttt mos IO!ccpol o.lÍil:.fil
'!J\ in !bc:ir O\\O rnunlo, .md don·1
�ptmd tlwir timt• tr,wl'lling thC' \\orld
fighting trinw, ,1s 1ht•1 do in the
lx>ok, .md iilm�!
In t!ic íln.il p,,rt oi m\ 1.,11,., t'm going
to ,,1\ •;onw1hin¡:: ,1hout \\hJI lntt•r¡x,I
d0t."-. íl,1,ic.ill). \\C' hl..'lp polie<,
iorcl", t,11ch crimm.1ls. But. aod I
mu�t dr,m mur ,lt!Cnlioo to Ibis,"''
O('\('( brc·Jk tbc l,m in ,lll\ l OLJDID
Onc oí our priorilil'' 1• wublt'W"
l ODOCl.tl'd \\ ilh dru¡:�. t\oOlhl'(
impod,ml Ml'J is tr,JIH<bmg in
hum.:in heinl!' - ¡x'l>pk· tr.i111ll..in),l
- c<,pct.i.1/h \1 onwn Jncl childrcn
frnrn r]('\ doping< mm!rit"". \ \ t> ,ll'll
t,11..t• ,1 ¡.;rC',11 inlC'rC"it in puhlic �JIC'I\
Jn<l tcrrori�m.
Anotlwr bt', priori!, ¡� finan,b1I
�- \\'h,? Bt't,1u�cuim1n,1[,
,m• u,!n¡.t nt'\I tt'thnolt">g\ to gct
inform,ition �uch ,1, p.1(�\\0rds
ur credi! t,1rd dl't,111� thrnu¡.;h tlw
lntcrrwr.
So. how e.in IH' t,itth tht",(.'
crimin.1/,? \\el! tbt• mo5t im1>1%:JOl
J.b.w.A ,u·do is to run ,1 Rlob.JI
polil<.' llJQlJlJUOit.JllflQ ')HCm.
<,o poliu• .1round lhl' 11orld c,m
,h,1re iniorm,irion ,1houl e rnnc
Jncl < rimi11<1I,. Th(• (\ ,t(•m ,1111111,
poli1..t· in onc tounlr. 10 d1t't.k
1ht· d,1t,1b,1"<.� o1 ¡x,litt· in ,mothcr
wuntr.. lntt·rpol itsdi m,m,1¡.:C'S
't'1t•r,1J d,11<1h,1<.t.'S, int ludm¡.; namt"'
and photos oí cr1mln,1I�. iingerprmr,.
etc. Aoo.lhcr import,mt thinl!. \\(' do
i:; !O pm\id1.• lúl!QÍng (nUrst"" ror
llil.liil0,11 rolill' íorn'!', ,me! or¡.;,mi,c
int1•rn,11ion,1I toníl'r<'ne<.'S on crimc.
ln 2001, ,1bout 1.400 crimin,11�
l\l'rC' lound 1h.1nk, 10 thc C'tiorh oí
lntC'rpol.
So tht•re 11t• ,lrl..'. To umtluclc, \\l'
can �J\ thJt lnt<.'r¡>nl 1,; Oll'r 80
\C,1rs old, .1nd hJ:. gr1l\,n ,1 lot
from thc org,1oi!-..11ion th,ll 1,.is H-1
up in\'i1..•nn,1 in 1')21. Tod..n 0t1r
he.idc¡u,1rtcrs is 111 buo, Fr,1nte, ,md
184 rnuntric,; art' ITK'fllht.•r.-. \\t• iight
mJcrn,1t1on.il tnme u�in¡.l mock•rn
tt'lhnolog1. \ \t• do C\Crl thmg 11c
t.,m lo m,11..e the world ,1 s.1icr plat.e
1or \OU ,md your fam,lit"'. 1hanl-
vou ror li-tcn1ng. Are> thcre ,m,
quc_,,.iions?
A; �('(. do \OU thiol,. OfA,1ni!,.11ion� lil,.e
!ntcrpol h,11C' too much informalion
.ilM)U1 us - lhc publit? for c,amp1c.
('\ C'I"\ \\ hcfe \\'l.' J,'< > [] ll.'íl.' ,líl.' l.JIHl.'f",\S
1.11,.ing photogr,1phs oi u,. Thcr(>s no
pri1.1tc sp,1t.c .invmorc. \ \'har� \our
opinioo Jbout th1,?
,: J-lmm. 110\\ 1h.11·� ,1 lt'f"I intcr<.><iling
,md import.mt qut"'ilion. Er, ll� me '('t'
11 I C",ln gi,e l'Ou .1 �hurt ,l!l"l\t-'f
Lesson 11.1 Track 2.30
l'rC',<'fl/t'r. fo/m, 8ruCC"
p; t\c lll'Cn ,1 <,i..ienli<,L Íor U\l'f .40
H•,1r;; .inrl I\C' lx,·n m.1linR n.1ture
dO( umcor.irit� 1nr lht• l,1,1 l\1c•nr,
\<.',11"" ,md, lo he hotl("-1 1111('('n
,car< ,1¡.:n J d,dn't heltt•1c th.11 \\C
I\Crt' l h.111¡.:inR l)lt' l\(H'ld", ! lim.1t1.•.
l ltr.1 t'l.l'í, fnr tht• l,1s1 tt•n l<',lfS J I t•
l)('('fl ITJIL'llin¡.: Jrouod thc> 11<>fld to
find out ii, in t.lll, \\ e Jfl' d1,1n�1ng
the 1,orld's dim,itt•. 1\ t• met m.im
',("1enti�1s ,1nd 1 1 <' 1 i�rtC'<I <il)ffi(' 01 rile
\\orld"� mo,1 "'l,eci.il 1..'f1\-ironn11..'11t,.
,\nd ntJI\. l\t• rk·iinild1 th,1ngC'Cl
m, mind.
\ VI' (,111 ,;ce tlw l',lfl\ CÍICt.l' OI p,lob.JJ
11,uminR in tht• polJr rtogioo<. - tlw
r\rtlil ,1nd thc Ant,m tlt. luhn \ \ .111� ,�
,1 1>0J,,r <.e icn11s1 in lh<' Arctit.
1: J\c bt.'t'll \\c>rl..in}.: hen.· �irn t.• l'lBO.
,md, ret.<.11111, lhing!, h.t\l' h1'<'ll
th,mp,tnR 1,:,r1 qwl 1..11. Thc ,;t.•,1 kt•
i" nwlling c.1rlit'f l'\t'f', \C,lr .md lhi<.
mc,l!l<. lh,11 liic 1or thc• polar lx•.1" i,
p,t•lttnR h,irdcr ,md h,1rck.'f IX'l,IU'4.'
thl'\ t.Jn onh iind loor! \\ h<'fl thc
<ll.C,l!l i� t.O\l'rC'<I \\ ilh i<t'. Tht'f<' ,lrt•
nc11\ 2'l JX'f tc•nl t<."l.1Cr ¡x>l.ir lx•,1"
corr,p,Ut>fl 10 \\ ht•n I fir-1 t,imt• ht•r1..•.
I': Sc,1 ll'\ el, ,lTt' rising lx't,lU<.<' lht.•
poi.u ilc ,mil nxlll111,1in A1,lt. il'f" ,lrt•
nwl1111A- Tui, nx•,m<. th,11 ,,.1,md� in
thc• P,1ul1< Ot t•,1n ,,rc rli .....1111xwm¡.:

undcr thc sea. As wl'II as this. thc
5l'JS JrC' also gc11ing hotter. This
i� ceuslng prchlcms for both thc
r,11nfor1>st� ;inri thc cor,11 rcor-.
TI1e 11 armcr St'.1.'> rncan thcrc's k-ss
min in thc r.i1nfore!>l�. In lhL· Amazon
ralnforest. thc largcr treos are dv¡ng
ano thcre .lrC' scrious drought�. As
well as th!s, thc warrncr sc,1 w,1lcr
is k1lling coral rccfs m rn,my pcrts
of thc world. Cor.11 rccfs are vcry
scnsntvc to tcmpcr.uure cbcngcs and
wo'rc now losmg sorne oi thc nchcst
cnvironrnents in tho world.
Hut, ,uc wc causing thcsc changos
or ,,. lt just a n,1tur.1I pro1.1...;�? nrucc
Si1ul.1IJ h,r-, J nimputl'r model that
scerns to answcr thrs quostlon.
8: \\li1h 1h1!> programme. 1 can show
how thc tcrnpcraturo oí thc pl.mer
h.tc boon ch,mging for the l,1st 1 ()()
Yl'.lr� .md I can show what diect
thc burnm¡..: oí fovstl fucls h,15 on tho
tompcrnturc th,ingL">. The firs1 linc on
Ihc graph - thc bluc linc- shows vou
the tcmpcraturc chan¡.;c.><; bcc ausc oí
níltur,11 proccsscs. such as volcanocs
,1nd tho oncrgv rrom thc sun. As vou
con scc. thc tcmpcratcrc goos up and
down without ,1 strong trcnd.
"lhr- socond lino show � vou what
happcns whcn \\ o includc thc CO,
that 1� produccd b\ thc use of fossii
iuels. As you can scc. thl' ,iver.tgt'
tempcrature has bc.'t'n incrl·a�ing verv
qutcklv síocc 1 ()';0, and thís wil\
conunuo. The irKrC',hl' in C01 in rhc
,1Lmo,phcr(' h.15 l}L'l..•ll incre.isrng 1hP
ptcncrs tcmpcrnturo.
I': So, i� this thc md nf thc world?
\Vdl. not vct. \Ve have thc powcr 10
�lmv. and pos,ibly tn stop, thc rlse
in ton-pcraturc. \\'e havc 10 produce
le"" CO ,, and to do that we have te)
change ÍhC' wav wc live our livcs.
lesson 11.3 Track 2.31
f'opp1 /fa k
P: Righ11hcn, so, thc next project ls
I Vifd C1fy. Wh.it do you lhink of !his
onc?
11: \\lcll. the bcst thing is that trs
dl'iimlcly .i gíl>Cn prv¡ect I mean,
vou can'\ gct much grecner th,1n a
\\ il<llifc p,1rk, c,m you?
P: lndeed, you c,1n't. And it ccrtainly
m,1kcs tlw luc.11 a rea .l bcncr place to
live. dü('Sn'1 it?
�: Mm-hm. Urh.1n w,1s1cl,md ;ireJs
rc,1lly ruin ,lll\ locill arc,1 - th(.')' m,1kc
lh<• wholc pi.ice íecl run-do-..,n and
.·,nufft
r: Fx.1,1 I}'- So, wh.:it ,ibout thc othcr
pomts on thc guidcl 1nC'S? Toe projt..'CI
,;¡¡)\'¡><; ,, problC'm, doesn't ir? Gcuing
AUDIOSCRIPTS
riel of the 1\a�tel.1nd.1\nd of tou�.
it mvolve,;; loc,1! j>l'Op!e working
tog(•ther.
R: Surc. Hut thl're .líl' ,1 t0upk• oí points
tha1 i1 d0t><;n't mr:oe1, .ircn'11hcre?
1•: Well )'C'S, bu1 thal\ qui1(' norm,11. i�n·1
11?
R: Sure, but this pro¡L'Ct n<'<.>ds í5.000 .:i
ymr. And wc c,m't rc.:ill1 give 1hcm
lh,1t much monev.
I': No. 1h,1t's 1ruc. v\lhat do ynu think
1hcy nCC(] that money for!
N: \Vell, 1 r<"'lkon i1's to p,1y for thl' lcx.,11
peoplc \1¡ho'll luok aftl'r the p,1rk.
f': Hmm. 1 guC'!,S •,o. Well, thev could cki
it unp,1id. couldn't thev?
1t Hmm. pcrh.1p<;, h:1111¡,'v0 •,ecn th,1t
f.iil bcfore, h,11C'n't 11c? lf no one gets
,111\' monev Jt ,111, thcn thing<; likc
p,1rl..s soon ge! run-dnwn. �Ou know,
thcrc's morl' littcr, you st.irt gctting
gr,1ífi1i, th,1t kind oí thmg.
r: ,\.\mm, yes, thal's all true. Whv clon't
wc oíicr .[2,000 ,1 Vl'Jr? ' view?
R: Yl'S, thal's íinc. R1ghl. wcll. lht•rc's
onl' more poinl lh;,t the pro¡cct
dot>sn't mcl't.
P: b thl're? \\lh1ch nrw?
Lesson 12.1 Track 2.33
0,1m•11. 1\ik/...1, L<•,/e1, l'i:lt•r, K(•n
I>: \\'denme back l'm D.:imm Bri¡..:hl
.ind ,1., u�ual ,11 Ibis time 1,l''re
lool..ing ,111od,w'<; p,lfX'l"S. \\'ith m('
in thC' studio 1hi& morning are Lesh
D1ggot-131.ikc, lhe 1\.linistcr íor Sport,
thc journ,1li'>I ,md commen1,1tor Pe1er
JonC<- .:ind the actress Kcri Miller.
Rcmcmber - th1s show is int<.•ractivc.
<;¡¡ if you want to commcnl on
anrthing. or a�k .1 quC'Stion, ¡u�t scnd
vour em,1ils to hrightmlh< mommg
0
- that's all onc word- "�1,11.<om.
The ;,ddrl.'s� r� on your scr('('n now,
,md Nikl..i U\t:r thcre will rN.e11e ali
vour cmails. o\lorning, N1l..ki.
¡,..: Hi D,,rrl'n.
D: Our íir;t topit this morning i-. sport
anrl in p.1r!iuilar 1h1,; k'11cr in ,l
newsp.:ipcr from Mich,1cl.i Scnvm
.1bm11 mmoril\ s¡}()r\S. ,\.\1ch,wla
w,1nt� more imt'!.1mcn1 i11111inoritv
sports ,md more stories ,1l>0llt thcm in
lhl.' m<.'d1.1. Thcn, shc s.1ys1 we WOllld
lx• morL• succC<-siul 111 intcrn.:ition,11
compet1tioos. l �le\ Digso1-Bl,1l..e,
wh,11 do vou think? \\lould we IX'
bcttcr .11 minnri1y �1x,rls if wc spcnt
more monC'\ on them!
1: To be honcsl, r \\,1S ,1 liulc surprised
whm 1 •..m this lett<•r, bcc,1usc
wc've a(!u.:ill� bt'('n Í! Wl'51ing a 101
o( moncy in rninori!\ SfX)rtS ü\'l.'í
1he l.1s1 ÍC\I \C,lr� la�t \e,u, fur
cxample, IóO million \\·,,, ,;pent on
new !Jci/itics around tht• coun!(}
Also, \1c'rc hu1kling .1 lol of fJcililll"'
for thc .W 11 1 ondon Olvmp1c.,; .md
peopl(' doing minoritv sport� will l1Sc
thl.'n1. Thl'rl' l\<lS something clsc th,11
surpn!>L'<I rnc. M1ch,1cla sugg<.'St� th.it
our "Pm1snwn and womcn ha\cn'1
bccn ver; suc.<.cssful in minor1ty
sports in reten! rcars. TI1ink abnut
our gymn,1sts ,1 fcw Yl'ill"S ago. íll.'th
Tw<.'<ldle 11,h ,1 golcl rnC'cl;,I winncr.
(.)ll 1 '>.l)', though. that SUCCPSS 1sn'1
jusi ahoul mnnev ...
n: Alright, �orry 1c, 111lerrur1. wc'II come
b,u k to }'<>U later, bu1 we"ve gol our
li,.;t emaif. [t's from lfod, in Brigh1on
Rod S.W\. '\\lh.:it <.,111 vnu rc.1cl ,1hout
¡udn in the IKW<;p,qx·rs/ Almos1
nothing. C.m you S('(' h.idminton on
TV? Ltl ch,1nce! ThL' nwdi;i is unly
mlt'íL>sted in íooth.ill. lí the mL'lli.i
shmwd more inter(><:1 in olher �porb,
kids \IOUl(I 11.m1 to tí\ llwm.' l\•1cr
Joncs, you'r(' ,1 joum,1li�1. wh.11'� vour
r: \\lcll. r couldn't agr('(' mor(' 1 think
il "s a grc,1t pity snnw sport�. 111..c
frK>tball, gPI so mud1 rnL'<li.i ,1Ucn1iun
whi\c othcrs lil..c b.idminton or t.1bk•
tcnni<; are oftcn ignorcd. And thts
problC'm isn't gning <111,11 ,mv rime
soon, cither. Thc BBC h.1s rt'<.·enll\
dccick'<l to �top Cr,md,1,md-1t,
fomous s¡X)rb progr,1111111c. 1 used
to \\,llLh Cr,l/Jd,1,md on S,1turd.1v
aítcrnO(lns 11hcn 111,1� ,1 k1d Jll<I
il introduced nJC' to :ill kinrb oi
difieren\ sports. \Vithout that kind
oí progr,1mnlt', kids won't h.:ivc thc
chance to 1,atch thO'il.' minority
sport�. Howcvcr, thl' 201 ::! Olvmpic,
offor somC' hop<•. Bcc.1u�c the UK is
thc host n,ition, wc r,1n entt·r more
te,m1s than usual. Ho¡x.·Íl1lly, f"ll�>¡>le
11i\\ :-ec more diíicrcnl ,rxirts on
11wir TV�.
IJ: Alnght. 11c\l' gnt ,1nolhl'f 1•m,11[
hcrc. lt's from Heathcr in 1'11 mouth.
l ll',1thcr �,1\ �: 'I thmk l..id� should do
.1 lot more sport at 5ehool. l"vc he,ircl
1hat in SwcclL'n kids h.ivc ten hours
oí sport ,1 wcc:k. lí 1 \\,lS lhc Mini,ter
for Sport. l'd gi1e 1..">'C'f\' Sthoolchi!d
thl.' opporturnt} 10 do a much 11 idt•r
r.:ingc of sport,. \ Vh,11 ,1bout hockl'1
or judo for .ill? lf thc} h,1d more
npp,ortunitil"i. thcv wouldn'I IX' "-O
unhc,1lth�.' Kl'ri. hrx:kt>v and ludo ,1\
cverv school!
1..: Ah�lu1elv. it\ re.11\y im¡xm,mt 1h.11
l..id, gct lhe d1.1nn' 10 l'XJX'ri(•n1 l'
differcnt sport<; from .1n e,1rl\ ,1ge. l
w,1s re,1111 lu<.k} hL'L,lllS<' 1 went to
,l �ch<x.1111-herC' we did hocl..c}. ancl
ícncmg ,ind .irchcr;. hut 11011,id.i,s.
m°'t k1ds ,uen"t so lucky. ,\\<)<;1
AUOIOSCRIPTS 163

c.thool\ [ust roncentratc on the samc
onc or two, ,nu k now, íc:x,tb.:iJL
b,l';;I..Prhall.
n: Ok, ht•rc·'� anothcr oma¡l trom G,1rt>th
in C.udiít. He �1,c.: 'In Brilain, \\('
thlnk ...
lesson 12.3 Track 2.34
f>r \l,mnit. \le,
\\: \\el! \le>., thanks ,1g.1m íor
,lWl�·ing to \,11..e part in this resoarch.
The in ten 1c,, s1,ir1c. wrth ,1 vhort
qucsncona¡rc. and rhcn ,,t•'I!
t.111.. n�orC' about vour persono!
vqx-noncc.
A: Ok.
M: RighL IH'!I, hcrc's thc firvt qucstion:
h ,ou h,1d tu do an C',,1m ne,111('('1,.
woulrt vou
A work \\l!h fril'ndc. in .1 stucl\ group
and prep,m' wlth thcme
B 1,orl.. \\ ith friends and stucf,, on
\OUf 0\1 n!
n onl) studv en vour U\\n!
A' \\ell ... that'< .1 duflcult one ... 1 h,11e
studtcd on m, O\Vn tor e,.1ms bcfcre.
but for m1 lavt oncslworkcd
m ,1 �tuch group, you know, 111th m,
Iriends. ,md 1111..ed that.
M: So, whhh woukl you do?,\, B or (?
A: Right ... o-m, ler me cec ... 1 think l'd
do B, ,1 bit ni hoth.
M: oi,.,, ..ind rhc nC',1 qucsüon: IÍlou
h..id ,1 tcnn¡c garne 1, ith ,1 tricnd,
would �ou ...
\ tram h.ird bctorc in order 10 11 in
1hC' m.1tlh?
11 prartier- ,1 little and do vour lx�!?
U ter 1our triend ,,in?
A: \\di. 1 don't plav tcnn¡v,
": 1 undcrctand, but iÍlou did, 1,h.11
1,ould vcv do?
A: Ot... thcn l'rl do A -1 hate \0<;ing.
M: Fine. l\nd linJII\: lhou could buv
,lJl\ ear \OU wcnrcd. \\ould \OU
hu, ...
Al .i tast sports car, likr- .1 FNrari?
n. ,1 cl.h�ic rar. hkc a Rol!s Ro)l('?
(.. \ ,l rcliahh- car, Jil..e a Honda!
,\: t hnm, lt•! me think ... wctl. to be
hnnc-t. 1 d hu, J Fonarl. l'd lovc to
havo cuc h ,l Í,1q (.U
.,1: Ok. 11ell. thank \OU for 1h,11, ,md fur
•111,,,cring honl"'tl,. \\ould ,ou lih•
ro l..no\\ ,, hat I our ansc, er; mt•,m?
11: )e_><;, 1 would. Can \ou tell me ml\1?
,,: Surc, le1\ <.<."t'. \ou lhoc.e B ior
rho 11r<.,! question. so vou'rc quite
<ocrable. You chose A tor thc sccond
ene. se ,ou'r<' \CI) competiuvc.
íin,1111, vou ,,ould bu, rhc Fcrrart.
This "hm,� vou an- happ\ to 1,11,.('
ri,l..s. From the..i.· Jfü\\t'r", 1 thmk
,ou ,,ould Jil..<• 1<\lm spon", and.
a� u1mpeti1ion .mtl ri,I,. Jr(• H"rl
1<>1 AUDIOSCRIPTS
AUDIOSCRIPTS
importan! tor ,ou, l lhinl.. ,ou �hould
ti) rugl>1 ur perh,lfl" 11hi1e-11atC'r
r,1tting.
.\: ReJlh � \\ell lh�· onl} "Pºrt I pla1 '"
ioútbJII ,md 110\c th,11.
,1: \\ell, that'<; ,1 (Ornpel!l1\<' tc,1m sport,
i,n't it?
A: Th.it's true.
,1: And ha,e ,ou l'\l'f tned Jch.enlurc
�rt,r
A: 'º· t h,11 l-'11't, bot I thinl.. [ d lil..e ttl
lr1 11hite-,,.JIC'T rafting. 11 lool..s fun.
,1: \\'ell ,,e; t \>.Jid I thinl,. it ,,uu!d ,;uit
\OUT )>l'r<;Onalil\
lesson 12.4 Track 2.37
li.'CIIIWf, $1t1dt.•nll
t: oi,., l'\ffirn"lC'. Th,11\ 11 tor thi-. }ear.
hope ,ou\<• enj<M'<l the !OUN:.' ,md
fed th,11 ,ou ,e• !c.1mcd J lot. l lcrc's a
littlc h,mckmt 1\ith ,;orne fÍIY. on hO\\
!o prt..'t),.1rt> ior thC' c>.am. lkiore \\C
lool.. ,11 that. l.ln l ,1lso llX'lltion ,1 Ít'I\
gmeral pom1c. aboul drnng C'\Jm<,?
fir-.1 of .ill. 11hcn 1otl're rl'\bing.
don'! do lots and lo!-. 01 pr,1rti<.c
tcs1-.. Oí c.our'>(', it', good to do
�onu· practit t• tC'St� hut, .ifter a
ccrt,1in JXlint, \OU don't lc•,1m
dO\ lhing nc\\. lt"" better to "jlC'nd
thc time 1mprmmg \our genPral
lc\e! oí Fnglish b\ rl'.lding btxil,.�
.md nC'I\ "P.llX'rs, b� \\ ,1tching ,1 film
in English. or b\ ju,1 doing sorne
wammar sdr-studl.
$(.'(ondh. m.il..c �urC' ,ou'rt, not t1rcd
on lht' da, or thc l''\.Jm. Don't go to
,1 p,1rt\ the ni�h! IX'íore. ,1nd don'!
q,1� up untit !hrl'C' m thc morning
re\ i">ing. 'tou n('('fl to bC' !rt"'h c.o 1h.1t
,ou tan 1h1nl.. quKU\ 1n lhl' C',.im.
Thirdh. don't be l,1tc 1or tht• C''\Jm.
lt S<.'C'm<. olJ\iou, dCX'5n't it1 Rut l.ic.l
,car one ,tu<lcnt 1,,1s (\\O m,nut("'
l,11c .mrl he\\ .i,n·, ,111011 ed into thC'
C\alll room. Tlu:·, ..en\ h1m J\\J\ ...
R1gh1. nm,. once ,ou re in thc c,,1m
1,h,1! � thc mo<;t importan! !hing?
�1: L<.<.' corrC'C..I Eng!i�h?
t: \\el!. de,uh, lh,11" importan!, bu1 thl..·
mo�1 imJXlrtJn! thin� rs ... ckl C'\,Kll1
,,TI.i! 1he C'\Jnl ,1,l,.c. ,ou to do. FollO\\
the Hblruttion� Oll tht• t•,,m1 p.:iper.
\ \,11..e surc> \ ou undC'r,t.md ,,hat the
qucstion� .Jf(' .i-.1..ing ,ou to do. Re.id
thl' qucst,on, 11,0 or thrt-e 11m1«.
IX'iort• \OU <.!Jrl.
Sume 01 thl' question� Jrc multiplc-
thoice que-.tion� Jnd \OU h,l\C' to
t hoo-.c one ,10"\\l'f rrom .1, b, e or
d. F1r�t 01 al[ dec.1de 11h1ch Onl's
1nu thinl.. ,lrf' rll'linitt•h 1Hong ,1nd
líU"" lhem out. Thcn thoosc irnm
the olhC'r<;. 11 ,ou doo'! l..no,, ,,hich
JllS\\Cf ¡ .. (OfTC'CI, m.11..e ,1 gu<....... ,ou
m1ght be nght. IJon "1 lt",lH' ,ln\ gap�.
AllSlll'rl'\l'í\ CJUl""-1100 .
Thell:' ,lr(' ,11'-CJ (JU<."'-11011\ th.Jf .)�!,. \OU
to \\ rit(• 1.<1mt•thinp,. ,O\, IC't me .i�I,.
\OU a qu{"'tlOn. Let, 1m.1ginl' \OU f('
doing a pit'<.c· 01 1Hrtmc, man C''\,101.
Is ll a good 1dC',l lo do ,1 drait. th,ll'>
,1 íirsl COJ)I, and th('n makc ,1 1in,1I
top,?
\Ji,.-U: \es. 11hml.. <ill.
L: \\di. .Jtlu,1lh no.1 thml.. th1'> 1�,1
1\,1-tc oí tinx·. In m, l'\fl('rtCfl<.c
lht'fl' � ,ilmo"I no cfüfcreoce tx.'l\\('('O
the clr,lll ,md thl' íinal piete 01
,1ritmg. And il u,u.1fü t..il..t..... teo
minutes ur more 10 íl'I\ nlc>. 11 .. mue h
be11er to spcfld 1ha1 time thinl..mg 01
� 1dc,1�. or pl.innlng ,nur \\orl...
�1: Bu! <.0nx�imt..., \\L' m,11...P nu,t.il..("'
and \\l' n(ffl lo th,1ngc <.e>nlCthin� or
cross "Olnething out.
t: \c.. th.11'� oi,.,. A11C'f ,11! 11-. ,m
cxam. \ou'rc out ci..¡x.'<..tcd to
\\flll' .i lx.•autriul-loo'-im.t plcx.c 01
\\nlm�. The import,ml thlng i� th,11
1!'s clc.Jr. Onc final thin11 tOO<.l'rll"
llming. Dorft :.pend loo Ion� on
one qu<"'tion. Ir ,ou t.m t ,m5\H'í J
question. go c>n to the ne>\! ollt• ,m<l
íllmt' h..1cl,. to it l,1IC'T i1 \OU h.J\l'
IIITll'. OK. ,,ould ,ou lil,.e tn ,1::,I,.
.1m1hing?
SJ: \es Gm \\ e U!,l' dktion.m<"'?
1; ,,o, \OU c,1n'1. Ami, ,1<.tualh that\
�· Rcsc.iflh -.h0\1 � thJt �tu<k.'llb
II ho CJn u-<' d1t1ion.ir1C"\ m C'\Jm,
11,l'>lt.• ,1 lot 01 timc• lool..lng up \\Oíd'>
that tht'\ don't TC'alh O('('(! to lool,. up.
lt ,1m1inx• ,oo cJn u...._, ,1 die tion.1r1 in
,1n C'i..,1m. lí\ not to use il loo much.
Juc.f dwcl,. OllC' Of 1110 l..l'\ \\Oíd<..
Right. ,, ell. gnod lucl... l hopt• to !,l,."t'
<iOnl(' Ot \OU dSJln 11{''\f \l'.lr ...
Track 2.38
lnlt-f\lC'I\Cr Jt,nm, Bl'lh.1111 \/,m. '\,1hil
1: 1 li l'm lrom thc uoiH'f<'il, rJclio. C"an
l a,k ,ou 11ha1 ,ou 1hough1.1bou11h.1t
(''\Jm?
1: Oh, 1 thought 11 \\,l� prl'tl\ h,1rd.
,1tlu.1lh. hui 1 �UPIXR' 1 ,e onl,
¡..'O!. m�R·lí 10 bl.1mc. J rlidn Id.,
cnuugh rl'\ is1un 1 �t.1rtl'd it too
late. t t.ouldn t rcmeml)('T much, <.e1
I l ouldn I ck> mam 01 the qlJC'<J.ion,.
,e,! time•. l'm gum� to 00 mofr
re\ 1c.1on Jnd 1n..1l..t• ,l rC'I 1-,ion
tilllt'!Jhlt•.
0
1: t li. \\l' tl' m,11..mg J progrJmrne 1or
thc urn, ('f<.11\ radio. \ \ hat did )OU
thinl.. oi th.:it l'\,1m?
11: \\di. it \\,hÜt.., hui I d1rln t hJ\t'
enough tirTll' lo fím�h the la,t
lJUCSlion - hui ,11 lca•l 1 \\ rol<' do\\ n
 AUDIOSCRIPTS

sorne notes aboct nl} tdc,rs for that
qucstion. 1 might sr¡l! gct ,1 few rnarks
1or that.
1: Excuse me. how do you think vou drd
tn thar cvam!
A: Oh, 1 think 1'11 pass ir. but I rc,1lly
mcsscd up onc qucstloo. 11 was .m
PSf..lY about womrn and <port. end.
wcJI, ! thought ! had J lot ni ideas so
I jusi startcd wriling- l dldn't hother
to rnakc a plan. And that was a hig
rnistake. l l.1lfw.t) lhruugh, 1 didn'r
know what to sav. 1 gol confuscd and.
well. l tríed to start ,1g,1in, but it was
too l.no. Next trmc 1'11 rnake surc I
rrukc J plan. even if 1 think l've got
\ots uf idc., ...
1: 1 tcllo, can I JUSI ,,.,k vchether the
exam w,,._
OK�
... : vcah, sun-, 1t w,l!> fine, reJII}. Onc
quesuon was a hi1 difficult - it was
about drñcrcnr pcrsonaln, tvpes and
I drdn't bavo verv 111.i11\ idt•,1!>. Rul,
I rcmombcrcd m� lccturcr's advicc.
,md madc surc that I g,wc a lo! of
l'\ampk"' ior cech rdca. So, in tho
cnd, m, ,ms,, cr ,,,1sn't loo shon. And
8: LOC>k, "h, don't l find out about
sorne c,impsircs in 1he are.ir
1•: Thar·� rc,1llv nicc oí ,ou, hui ha,e
rou gol cnough trmc ior th,11r
1:1: Ycah, no problcm. 11,,mt to check
out sorne othcr things on the lntcmcl
.inyw,11 •..
Track 2.40
Tutor, Sruclent
1: You 11.1nted .1 mrt•ling ne.xt week
,1bout }OUr pro¡cct. didn'I vou�
s: Th,1t's right.
T: OK. lct's Ir) to Jrr,1ngc one. Let me
<;(.'<' ••• 1 can do Tuc"'d,w .-it 11.00.
s: Frm, l'm in k'(.ltJr('<; ,111 d,1yTut'SCl,iy,
t'm .1fr,1id. \Vh,11 ,11.)()UI \ VcdnOO.-iy
at 9.00?
1: No, l'm not planning lo come m 1111
11.00 on \Vl'<incsd,11. You couldn't
do straight aítcr lunch, could vou,
s.1�· 2.00?
s: \\'di. 1 coutd, bu1 for only h,1li .-in
!mur. l'm going to thc dcntist ,1l
l.JO.
r: 1 think 1,c'II nrt'Ci more 1han ha!f ,m

tho othcr qucsüons wcrc prouv l':tS}', hour, ,1lxiut an hour, l'cl s.w. l'm free
all da, rrida,.
so voah. 1 rockon t'vo done wcll.
s: Mmm, l'm t�king thc 1030 !rain
home on Frida,, for the "cd,encl.
Review Units 10-12 Track 2.39 Nine isn't too earlv, is it!
Bl'n, Pt•nm 1: \\'cll, ro 1<'11 thc> truth, ,t.-s. 11 takt'S
R: T.1lkíng oí holidays, are you going me O\ cr ,m hour to gel hcrc. You
to thc dragnn boat festiva! ogctn this ,lfC'n't hu�\ on Thur,;d,w aítemoon,
} l',1r? ,1rc ,ou?
e: 1 don't knm,. lt's too for ior a �= No.'wcll, not until 4.00.
weekend ;md lames i� rcallv busv at 1: \<Vcll, 11 h,1t .,buut l.00 on Thursdav
work. Ho« ahout you? thcn?
B: Y�. \\ e hookcd li't�1 WL>Ck. \ Ve s: Yes, ihat's fine, th,mk.<..
L'njowd it <.O much l.1�1 vear, \Ve'rc
lea, ing l',lrh and stupp¡'ng off to SCf'
m} parcnrs on thc W.1\.
r; Oh, th,11·� .1 good idea. wherc are
you �1.1, ing 111 \l,mcouvcr?
o: \ \'e\ e bool..ed J hotel nmr thc
festi,al. lt looks quite good.
r: Mmm. 1 don't think wc c,m .ifford
,1 hotel this voar. \\'l' havcn't got
enough sporc nmnC} ,11 the momcnt.
\Vhat'� the ontcrtatnmem going to be
like? 1 rncan. do you know anvthing
abour thc b,1nds?
e: Yc,1h, hut onlv th,11 scvcrnl b,rn<l� are
coming from south-cast Asi,1.
P: Oh. that sounds good. 1 lovc Asian
rnu,¡c. 1 don't knov, ... if 11c wcnt
thrs yt•.ir, wc'd h,we to be \CI"\
t,1rl'ful ,, ith mone1.
8: H,11'l' vou thought abuut c.imping?
Your kids 11ould lave it.
P: You kno11. th,1t's J rcallv good idc,1.
Yes. ií \\C c,1mped, tht'n \\ e muid
take Ollf own foocl trx,, �o it would
he ,, lot chc,11x•r.

-\l:DlOS( RIPT� 165

 IRREGULAR VERB LIST

:.!nd Form I hd Form lnd f orm lrd fnrm

lnfinitive W.i,;t Simpll') (Past Parti<1plt•l lnfiniliVl' iPasl S1mplt•) !Pa .. t Parlidple)

be was/were bccn leave lcít lcít

become beca me lx.'Comc lct lct let

bcgin began bcgun lose lost lost
break broke broken make madc madc
bring broughl brought mean meant mean!
build built buill mee\ met met
buy bought bought pay paid patd
can could been ahte put put put
catch caught <..iught rcad /ri:cl/ rcad /red/ read /red/
choose e hose ch osen ridc rodc ridden
come carne come ring rang rung
casi cost cost run ran run
dig dug dug sav said said
do did done seo saw soon
dmw drcw drawn scll sold sold
drink drank drunk scnd scm scnt
drivc drovc drivcn shinc shonc shcne
cal ate eatcn show showed shown
fall foil fallen sing sang sung
fccd fccl fcd sil �11 sal
fccl fell felt sleep slept slept
find íound found speak spokc spoken
íly flcw flown spend spent spent
forgct Iorgot íorgotten stand stood stood
get got got stcal stolc stolcn
give gavc glvcn swim swam swum

go \\..COl gone/been takc took takcn

grow grcw grown tcach taught taught
havc had had tell told told

hcar heard hcard think thought thought

hold hcld hcld throw threw thrown
hurl hurt hurl undersland understood undcrstood
kccp kcpt kcpt wcar worc worn

know know known win won won

lcam learnccUlcarnt learned/learnt write wrote writtcn

166 Al!l>IO",l lW'J",

 PHONETIC CHARTS

Sound-spelling correspondences Suund Spt•lhng hamples

In En¡.ili<;h, wc can spcll thc samc sound in rlifferent this listen
,,ar, for cxamplo. thc sounrl {l;/ can be reo', as in y gym typical
¡.¡rc'l•n, 'ca' as in fPdd or 'e)' as in �ey. Studcnts of
English somcnrncs find English spclling diffü.ult, hui
thcrc are rules ami knowing thu rules can help you.
"' u;
e
build
prClt)
guitar

ce green sleep
Thc chan helow glvcs )OU thc more common spelling,; ;e niece bcllcvc
of rhc English sounds vou hove studicd in this 1)0()1... ea rcad teacher
/i:/ e tbese complete
ey kcy moncy
e; rcccipt rcceivc
police
English phonemes
/re/ a can man pasta land
Consonanls a can't dance'
-----� . -
a, scari bargntn
Symhol Example Svmhol hamplt·
/o:/ al half
p park scll au
bníh
' zoo
ca
aunl laugh
hcart
h
'
u
tic
die
J frcsh
meas u re
,,, u
o
ou
fon sunny husband
sorne mothcr monlh
cousm double young
'
hot o hor pocket top
'
g
C,1t

glve
h

m mine
/o/
a watch what wanr
or short sport stcrc
•J church n not ou you, course boughr
judgc sing au daughter laught
al
"'r fcw "
1 lot
/:i:/
aw
a,
hald small always
draw jigsaw
wardon warm
V vicw r road 00 íloor mdoor
o throw j yellow
likf' linw i,;l,md
o thcy w warm y d,y Sh) cyclc
;e fric><: rñe tic
Vowels
--- - -�- . /.u/ igh light high right
Symbol Examph- Svmhol h.implt• e; hcight
i: feet gold ey C)'C'S
"" auy huy
lake hatc ShJ\.C
fil
ª' hy a; \\ ait rra¡n stra1�ht
e hecl au hrown ay play say �l.l)
/,:1/ ey
ban hoy
thcy grl')' obey
"'
o. bath
·" here
e;
ea
l'ighl v.cigh1
break
'"
e, o
n bottlc hair home cold open
o: bought sure OW show throw own
u book
'" '
Cl:'.1 player ºª coat road CO..lSI

• ln American (ngli�h th� sound in words lil.l' �.m'I ,1nd cl,111n• is

u: boot ooo lower thc a: wund, like <.oln ,1nd m,m.

bul uro ti red

,', bird l.10,") flower

brother :,m cmployer

"e, grey happy
Al!DIO..,( RIPJ', 167