RSHS-R02

Quarter 2
Collecting and
Organizing Data

GRADE

9
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RESEARCH 9
Name of Learner: __________________________________ Score:____________
Grade/ Section: ____________________________________ Date: ____________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Topic 1: Actual Experimentation/Testing

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR THE LEARNERS (BIL)

Experiments in a research are conducted to predict phenomenon. Typically, an

experiment is constructed to explain some kind of cause and effect situation by
demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated.
Furthermore, experiments vary greatly in its objectives, but always rely on repeatable
procedure and logical analysis of the results.

Performing a research must need to undergo data collection and organization.

Data collection is used in a research to capture quality evidence that seeks to answer
various questions. Through this, researches can deduce quality information that is
needed for making informed decisions. There are many ways to gather data in a research
based on how the subject is being used.

COMPETENCIES

MELC: Conduct actual experiment (SSP-RS9-CAE2-II-i-m-4)

In this learning activity sheet, students will be able to:
a. Identify the different tools/instruments in gathering/collecting data and how
does these tools differ from each other;
b. Differentiate the use of each tool/instrument based on how they are being used;
c. Gather data in actual experiment

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

How to use this material?

You are provided with this Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) for your research subject,
an elective/add-on subject of the curriculum. Carefully read and understand the
instructions to successfully enjoy the objectives of this LAS.
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions or directions indicated on
every activity of this LAS.
2. Write in your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
3. Perform all the provided activities in this LAS.
4. Let your parent/guardian and your teacher-facilitator assist you in your
learning.
5. Let your parent/guardian and your teacher-facilitator assess your outputs.
6. After the completion of the required task, the submission of your output
may either be through online or drop off point per municipality (depending
on the chosen mode of learnings at all times.

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RESEARCH TOOLS IN GATHERING DATA

1. SURVEY
• Is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation. It is used to
collect demographic data about people’s behavior, practices, intentions, beliefs,
attitudes, opinions, judgements, interests, perceptions, and the like and then such
data are analyzed, organized, and interpreted.

ADVANTAGES
• Survey reveals what is typical, average, or normal against which the behavior or
performance of an individual can be judged or evaluated. For instance, if survey
reveals that the typical kind of marriage is monogamy, then a man with two wives
deviates from the standard.
• The results of a survey may be used for prediction. This is especially true in
correlation studies or even in status studies. For example, studies show that there
is a significant correlation between NCEE percentile ranks and college grades.
Hence, a student with a high NCEE percentile rank is expected to have high grades
in college work.
• Survey makes possible the formulation of generalizations because the sample has
a high degree of representatives. This is especially true if the sample is adequate
and proper sampling procedures are used in the selection of the samples.
• Survey reveals problems for which timely remedial measures may be instituted.
• It is easy to get respondents for a survey.
• The instruments for gathering data are easy to determine, construct, validated,
and administer. The survey instruments are usually the interview schedule as well
as the questionnaire and they are very similar if not the same in structure.

DISADVANTAGES
• Lack of manipulation over independent variables.
• One cannot progressively investigate one aspect after another of the independent
variable to get closer to the real cause.
• Statistical devices are not always able to separate the effects of several
independent variables when there is multivariable causation, especially when two
independent variables are themselves highly associated.
• Survey approach yields a low degree of control or there is no control at all over
extraneous variables.
• The instrument for gathering data may lack validity, reliability, or adequacy.

1.1. QUESTIONNAIRE
- A list of planned, written questions related to a particular topic, with space provided for
indicating the response to each question, intended for submission to a number of persons
for reply; commonly used in normative survey studies and in the measurement of
attitudes and opinions.

ADVANTAGES
• The questionnaire is easy to construct. The rules and principles of construction are
easy to follow.

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• Distribution is easy and inexpensive. Many of the respondents can be reached by

copies of the questionnaire either by mail or by personal distribution.
• Responses are easily to tabulate. Generally, responses to a questionnaire are
objectified and standardized and these make tabulation easy.
• The respondent’s replies are free. The respondent’s replies are of his own free will
because there is no interviewer to influence him. This is one way to avoid bias,
particularly the interviewer’s bias.
• Confidential information may be given freely. Confidential information which the
respondent may not reveal to an interviewer be given freely if the respondent can
be made anonymous. Much as they like to reveal confidential information,
respondents are hesitant to tell the truth if they are not made anonymous because
they also want to save themselves from embarrassment, indictment, or trouble
which may result from their revelation of confidential data.
• The respondent can fill out the questionnaire at will. Because nobody is pressing
him to answer the questionnaire immediately, the respondent can accomplish the
questionnaire anywhere at any time at his own convenience.
• The respondent can give more accurate replies. The respondent has time enough
to think reflectively of his replies making them more accurate than the results of
interviews where the respondent is usually pressed for an immediate reply. He
also has time to consult his records if necessary.

DISADVANTAGES
• The questionnaire cannot be used with those who cannot read nor write well,
especially those who are totally illiterate.
• If the respondents may not return the filled-up copies of the questionnaire
purposely or forgetfully, considerable follow-ups are necessary. This is true if the
returns are not representative of the group.
• If the respondent gives a wrong information, it cannot be corrected at once.
• A respondent may leave some or many questions unanswered because nobody
urges him to do so, or he may not understand the significance of the information
he gives.
• Some questions may be vague and so the respondent may not answer then or if he
does, he may give wrong replies.
• The number of choices may be so limited that the respondents may be forced to
select responses that are not his actual choices. This is especially true with the yes
or no questions.

1.2. INTERVIEW
- It is defined as a purposeful face to face relationship between two persons, one of
whom called the interviewer who asks questions to gather information and the
other called the interviewee or respondent who supplies the information asked
for.

ADVANTAGES
• It yields a more complete and valid information. The respondent is usually
pressed for an answer to a question which the interviewer can validate at once.
He can probe into the veracity of the reply, immediately. Hence, there is a
higher proportion or usable returns.

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• The interview can be used with all kinds of people, whether literate or
illiterate, rich or poor, laborer or capitalist, etc.
• The interviewer can always clarify points or questions which are vague to the
interviewee.
• Only the interviewee respondent can make replies to questions of the
interviewer, unlike in the case of a questionnaire in which filling up a
questionnaire may be delegated to another person or the respondent may be
aided by another person in making replies.
• The interviewer can observe the nonverbal reactions or behavior of the
respondent which may reveal rich pertinent information. These are called
subliminal cues which are “behavioral or attitudes that are not specifically
stated but covertly displayed. They include inflections in the voice, manner of
speech, such as how hesitant the speakers are and how much enthusiasm they
display when they speak; manner in which they sit on a chair; statements they
make when people are around; hesitancy in answering certain questions; and
eagerness to talk about certain subjects while ignoring others.” (Treece and
Treece Jr, pp.204-205)
• Greater complex questions can be asked with the interviewer around to
explain things greater complex data which are vital to the study can be
acquired.
• There is flexibility. The interviewer can effect a modification of the interview
or any question if there is a need so that the desired information can be
gathered.

DISADVANTAGES
• Sometimes, selected respondents are hard to contact or cannot be contacted at all
because of the distance of their place or due to some other reasons. For instance,
if a selected respondent is in another country, it can bee hard to contact him.
• It is expensive if many interviewers have to be employed to meet a target date.
The cost of training them and their salaries would entail too much expense.
• The responses may be inaccurate if the interviewee has no time to consult his
records especially if the needed data involve numerals.
• It is time consuming if only the researcher conducts the interviews.
• It is inconvenient for both the interviewer and interviewee in terms of time and
sometimes in terms of place. The interviewer has to travel distances.
• There is no anonymity and so the interviewee may withhold some confidential by
vital information, especially if the information may possibly invite trouble. This is
true if the information is about the morality of an individual or the commission of
graft and corruption.
• There is a tendency of interviewers to introduce bias because they may influence
their interviewees to give replies that would favor their researcher-employers.
This may happen in political surveys where the candidacy of a certain person is
involved.
• If the interviewer modifies a question, the standardized construction of the
questions is lessened and, categorization and tabulation become a problem.

*excerpt from Methods of Research and Thesis Writing, Calderon and Rosales.

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ACTIVITY 1: TOOLS IN GATHERING DATA

LESSON 1

The result of any research depends on how effective the data collection has been
performed and used. It is essential to identify what tool must be used in gathering data
because research is carried out in different ways and for different purposes.

Objective:
a. Identify the different tools/instruments for gathering/collecting data.
b. Differentiate each tool based on its purpose and usage

Directions: List the methods in gathering data. Give the description of each
tool/instrument and their best uses.

Method Description
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6,
7,
8.

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the methods listed is the most convenient tool to be used in research? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.

2. Will you consider that 2(two) or more methods might be used in research? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.

3. Is there a best method to be used in gathering data in a research? Explain your answer.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________.

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ACTIVITY 2: DATA COLLECTION PLANNING WORKSHEET

DIRECTIONS: Using your research study, create a clear plan across all data sources
and methods that will allow you to ensure balance, use resources wisely, and track
the progress of your experiment.

Investigative Sub- Data Sample Method Administrator Schedule

Question Question Source(s) (which (how) (who will manage (by when?)
individuals or the collection)
records)
Drawn from Drawn Who or Within How will you Who is What is the
the Question from the what those data gather the responsible for timeframe
Matrix Question sources sources, data? managing data for
Matrix can help which Questionnaire? collection gathering
answer individuals Survey? Focus related to this data?
the or records group? question and
question? will you Interview? gathering it for
choose? analysis?

ACTIVITY 3: RESEARCH MATERIALS

Directions: List all the materials needed in preparing for Experimentation

ACTIVITY MATERIALS AVAILABILITY USE/S AND

DESCRIPTION
Ex. Gathering of (Materials needed) (is it available or (give short
Materials not?) description)

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ACTIVITY 4: DATA NOTEBOOK LOG

LESSON 2
Directions: List all the data that you have gathered and make sure that the data is
always updated. Data notebook Log sample is provided. Do it in 3 weeks.

Table 2.1. Sample Data Notebook Logs

Date and Data Remarks
Time
Example:
September The Treatment and Control Group of tomatoes were
12 assigned and labeled.
Measurement of the height, number of leaves of the tomato
(Day 1) seedlings were measured and counted

C1R1 C1R2 C1R3 T1R1 T2R2 T3R3

Height 7cm 9cm 9cm 7cm 8cm 8cm
No of Leaves 4 3 4 3 5 4

September C1R1 C1R2 C1R3 T1R1 T2R2 T3R3

14 Height 8cm 12cm 11cm 8cm 10cm 10cm
(Day 2) No of Leaves 5 4 4 3 5 5

September C1R1 C1R2 C1R3 T1R1 T2R2 T3R3

16 Height 8cm 12cm 12cm 9cm 10cm 11cm
(Day 3) No of Leaves 5 4 5 3 5 5

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September C1R1 C1R2 C1R3 T1R1 T2R2 T3R3 3days after

25 Height 10cm 14cm 13cm 16cm 15cm 16cm the
(Day 4) No of Leaves 5 4 5 3 5 5 application
of fertilizer

LESSON 3

ACTUAL EXPERIMENTATION

Actual experimentation is vital in research because it gives the raw data that will
determine if the objective of the research study is achieved or not. Data must be recorded
and updated each day. Patience must be manifested by the student researcher in
experimenting.

ACTIVITY 5: FLOW CHART

Directions: Write the process of your experimentation and the corresponding
materials and equipment needed. You may provide illustrations and
figures if applicable.
PROCESS/ PROCEDURE MATERIALS
Ex. Preparation of materials Water
(washing of materials) Beaker
Basin

Guide Questions:
1. Why do you need to prepare your all the materials needed before the
experimentation?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

2. Are materials and equipment needed for the experimentation available?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

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3. If there is/are material/equipment that is/are not available in your home or in the
community, what are the steps you will take pursue with your research
investigation?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
4. Why is necessary to present procedures in a schematic diagram?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

ACTIVITY 6: DOCUMENTATION

Directions: Take a photo of your research investigation and make a caption out of
it. This will serve as reliable evidence of conducting the actual research
investigation. Present the whole process.

Insert Photo here Insert Photo here

Caption Caption

Insert Photo here Insert Photo here

Caption Caption

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ACTIVITY 7: RAW DATA

DIRECTIONS: Present the raw data of your observation. Refer to the example below.

Example:
Single Group
Mean Value of Rotation Per Minute (RPM)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Machine 1 320 350 360
(Experimental)
Machine 2 300 310 300
(Control)

Randomize Complete Block Design

Height of Tomato
Treatments Day1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 9 Total
Growth
T1 10 cm 11 cm 15 cm 21 cm 35 cm 20 cm
T2 12 cm 14 cm 16 cm 23 cm 32 cm 20 cm
T3 11 cm 12 cm 15 cm 22 cm 30 cm 19 cm
Control 10 cm 10 cm 14 cm 17 cm 25 cm 15 cm

Write your answer here.

Treatments Day1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 9 Total

Growth

READ

Right tools and instruments used in a research study is very important. It is used
to collect data that is needed in the study. Moreover, each tools/instruments vary from
each other based on its purpose.

Data has always served to enhance understanding, which enables a decision

maker to better choose among many options. From simple to complex decisions,
individuals have looked to data to assist them in their decision-making process. Without
data, individuals are confronted with having to make decisions at random or only on gut
feel. This can lead to ineffective, costly, or less than ideal results or outcomes. Data
collection provides a mechanism to gather the raw materials that decision makers rely
on to help guide thoughts that can lead to effective conclusions, recommendations, or
actions.

REFERENCES
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Baraceros. E. L. REX Book Store. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St. Manila, Philippines. First
edition. P 101-115.

Website
Retrieved from:
http:// Research/IntroductionDataCollection_Guide_3.27.07.pdf
http://sbccimplementationkits.org/provider-behavior-change/wp-
content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/Data-Collection-Planning-WorksheetNEW.pdf

Prepared by:
MARIJANE B. QUEJA Illustrations by:
ROSE MARIEJANE D. RANCHEZ
PAUL NATHANIEL B. BELTRAN

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