Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region 02 (Cagayan Valley)
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF ISABELA
Tumauini North District
REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL FOR REGION 02
Camp Samal, Arcon, Tumauini, Isabela 3325
__________________________________________________________________________________________

ENHANCED MATHEMATICS
Second Quarter – Solves problems involving parallelograms, trapezoids and kites

Name: Leaño, Princess Shaina Hope G. Grade – Section: 9 – Diamond

Date: March 8, 2022

ACTIVITY: PROBLEM SOLVING

1. Given: Quadrilateral WISH is a parallelogram.

(A) If m ∠W = x + 15 and m ∠S = 2x + 5, what is m ∠W?

𝑚∠𝑊 ≅ 𝑚∠𝑆
𝑥 + 15 = 2𝑥 + 5
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 15 − 5
𝑥 = 10
𝑚∠W = 10 + 15 = 25°

The parallelogram's opposite angles are congruent. Therefore, W ≅ S

(B) If WI = 3y + 3 and HS = y + 13, how long is HS?

𝑊𝐼 ≅ 𝐻𝑆
3𝑦 + 3 = 𝑦 + 13
3𝑦 − 𝑦 = 13 − 3
2𝑦 = 10
2𝑦 10
=
2 2
𝑦=5

𝐻𝑆 = 𝑦 + 13
= 5 + 13
= 18

The parallelogram's opposite sides are congruent. Therefore, 𝑊𝐼 ≅ 𝐻𝑆

(C) ▭ WISH is a rectangle and its perimeter is 56 cm. One side is 5 cm less than
twice the other side. What are its dimension and how large is its area?

Width: 𝑥
Length: 2𝑥 – 5
Perimeter: 56 𝑐𝑚

56 = 2(𝑥 ) + 2(2𝑥 − 5)
56 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 10
56 + 10 = 6𝑥
6𝑥 = 66
66𝑥 66
=
6 6
𝑥 = 11

DIMENSIONS:
Width: 𝑥 = 11 𝑐𝑚
Length: 2𝑥 − 5
 = 2 (11) − 5
= 22 − 5
= 17𝑐𝑚
The dimensions are 11𝑐𝑚 wide and 17𝑐𝑚 long.
Area = (17𝑐𝑚)(11𝑐𝑚)
= 187𝑐𝑚2

PROOF
Perimeter = 2(𝐿) + 2(𝑊 )
Area = 𝐿 × 𝑊

(D) What is the perimeter and the area of the largest square that can be formed
from rectangle WISH in 1.c.?

Subtract 3𝑐𝑚 from length and add 3𝑐𝑚 to width:

Length = 17𝑐𝑚 − 3𝑐𝑚
= 14𝑐𝑚
Width = 11𝑐𝑚 + 3𝑐𝑚
= 14𝑐𝑚

Each side is now equal to 14𝑐𝑚.

Perimeter = 4 (14𝑐𝑚)
= 56𝑐𝑚
Area = (14𝑐𝑚)2
= 196𝑐𝑚2

PROOF:
Perimeter of Square = 4𝑠
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
Area of Square = 𝑠 2
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

2. Given: Quadrilateral POST is an isosceles trapezoid with OS || PT. ER is its median.

(A) If OS = 3x – 2, PT = 2x + 10 and ER = 14, how long is each base?

 1
𝐸𝑅 = (𝑂𝑆 + 𝑃𝑇)
2
1
14 = [(3𝑥 − 2) + (2𝑥 + 10)]
2
1
14 = (3𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 2 + 10)
2
1
14 = (5𝑥 + 8)
2
5𝑥
14 = +4
2
5𝑥
(2)(14) = (2) ( ) + (2)(4)
2
28 = 5𝑥 + 8
5𝑥 = 28 − 8
5𝑥 20
=
5 5
𝑥=4

Lengths of Bases:
𝑂𝑆 = 3𝑥 − 2
= 3(4) − 2 = 12 − 2
= 10
𝑃𝑇 = 2𝑥 + 10
= 2(2) + 10 = 4 + 10
= 14

Theorem:
A trapezoid with parallel bases has a median that is parallel to the bases. The median is
half the total length of the base lengths.

1
Median = (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒1 + 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒2 )
2
(B) If m ∠P = 2x + 5 and m ∠O = 3x – 10, what is m ∠T?
𝑚 ∠ P = 2x + 5
𝑚 ∠ O = 3x − 10

𝑚 ∠ P + m ∠ O = 180°
(2𝑥 + 5) + (3𝑥 − 10) = 180
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 5 − 10 = 180
5𝑥 − 5 = 180
5𝑥 = 180 + 5
5𝑥 = 185
5𝑥 185
=
5 5
𝑥 = 37

𝑚 ∠ P = 2x + 5
= 2(37) + 5
= 74 + 5
= 79 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠

𝑚∠P ≅ m∠T
m ∠ T = 79 degrees

PROOF
A parallelogram's consecutive angles are optional. 180 degrees is the total of all
consecutive angles.
𝑚 ∠ P + m ∠ O = 180°

Isosceles trapezoid base angles are equivalent.

𝑚∠P ≅ m∠T
(C) One base is twice the other and ER is 6 cm long. If its perimeter is 27 cm, how
long is each leg?

Smaller base: x
Longer base: 2x
Median (Segment 𝐸𝑅) = 6cm

1
Median = (𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)
2
1
6 = (𝑥 + 2𝑥 )
2
1
= (3𝑥 )
2
3𝑥
=
2
2 3𝑥 2
( )( ) = 6( )
3 2 3
𝑥=4

Smaller base, 𝑏1 : x = 4c𝑚

Longer base, 𝑏2 : 2x = 2(4cm)
= 8𝑐𝑚

Perimeter of isosceles trapezoid:

= 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 + 2 legs

Let 1 leg be 𝑦:
27 = 4 + 8 + 2(𝑦)
= 12 + 2𝑦
2𝑦 = 27 − 12
2𝑦 15
=
2 2
1
𝑦 = 7 𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑟 7.5 𝑐𝑚
2

Each leg is 7.5𝑐𝑚

PROOF
Isosceles trapezoid's median (segment 𝐸𝑅) is half of the total of its two bases (segments
𝑂𝑆 and 𝑆𝑇).

Both legs (segments 𝑂𝑃 and 𝑆𝑇) are identical.

(D) 𝑬𝑹 is 8.5 in long and one leg measures 9 in. What is its perimeter if one of the
bases is 3 in more than the other?

𝑏1 = 𝑥
𝑏2 = 𝑥 + 3
𝐸𝑅 = 8.5 𝑖𝑛

1
8.5 = [(𝑥 ) + (𝑥 + 3)]
2
1
= (2𝑥 + 3)
2
3
=𝑥+
2
= 𝑥 + 1.5
𝑥 = 8.5 − 1.5
= 7 𝑖𝑛

𝑏1 = 𝑥 = 7 𝑖𝑛
𝑏2 = 𝑥 + 3 = 7 + 3
= 10 𝑖𝑛

Leg = 9 𝑖𝑛

Perimeter:
= 7 𝑖𝑛 + 10 𝑖𝑛 + 2 (9 𝑖𝑛)
 = 17 𝑖𝑛 + 18 𝑖𝑛
= 35 𝑖𝑛

PROOF
The isosceles trapezoid's median (segment 𝐸𝑅) is half the sum of its two bases (segments
𝑂𝑆 and 𝑆𝑇).

Perimeter of Isosceles:
= 𝑏1 + 𝑏2 + 2 (legs)

3. Given: Quadrilateral LIKE is a kite with LI ≅ IK and LE ≅ KE.

(A) LE is twice LI. If its perimeter is 21 cm, how long is LE?

𝐿𝐼 = 𝑥
𝐿𝐸 = 2𝑥
Perimeter = 21𝑐𝑚

21 = 2(𝑥 ) + 2(2𝑥 )
= 2𝑥 + 4𝑥
= 6𝑥
6𝑥 21
=
6 6
1
𝑥 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑟 3.5 𝑐𝑚
2

𝐿𝐸 = 2𝑥
𝐿𝐸 = 2(3.5 𝑐𝑚)
= 7 𝑐𝑚
(B) What is its area if one of the diagonals is 4 more than the other and IE + LK =
16 in?
Shorter diagonal, 𝐿𝐾 = 𝑥
Longer diagonal, 𝐿𝐸 = 𝑥 + 4
Sum of Diagonals = 16 𝑖𝑛

(𝑥 ) + (𝑥 + 4) = 16
2𝑥 + 4 = 16
2𝑥 = 16 − 4
2𝑥 12
=
2 2
𝑥 = 6 𝑖𝑛

𝐿𝐾: 𝑥 = 6 𝑖𝑛
𝐼𝐸: 𝑥 + 4 = 6 𝑖𝑛 + 4 𝑖𝑛
= 10 𝑖𝑛

1
Area of LIKE = (6 𝑖𝑛 × 10 𝑖𝑛)
2
1
= (60 𝑖𝑛2 )
2
= 30 𝑖𝑛2
PROOF
The area of a kite is equal to the product of its diagonals multiplied by two.

(C) IE = (x – 1) ft and LK = (x+2) ft. If its area is 44 ft2, how long are IE and LK?

𝐼𝐸 = 𝑥 − 1
𝐿𝐾 = 𝑥 + 2
Area = 44 𝑓𝑡 2

Area of LIKE
1
44 = [(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)]
2
1
= (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)
2
2(44) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2
88 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2

Quadratic Equation:
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 − 88 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 90 = 0

Solve by Factoring:
(𝑥 − 9)(𝑥 + 10) = 0
𝑥−9=0
𝑥1 = 9𝑓𝑡.

𝑥 + 10 = 0
𝑥2 = −10
Use the positive root, 9 𝑓𝑡.

𝐼𝐸: 𝑥 − 1 = 9 − 1 = 8𝑓𝑡.
𝐿𝐾: 𝑥 + 2 = 9 + 2
= 11𝑓𝑡.