Grade 11

Organization and
Management
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
The Functions, Roles and Skills of a
Manager
Organization and Management – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Quarter - Module 2: The Functions, Roles and Skills of a Manager
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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 Senior High School

Organization and
Management
Quarter 1 – Module 2:

Lesson: The Functions, Roles and Skills

of a Manager

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 Key Message

For the Facilitators:

Learning is a constant process. Amidst inevitable circumstances, Department of

Education extends their resources and looks for varied ways to cater your needs and
to adapt to the new system of Education as a fortress of Learning Continuity Plan.
One of the probable solutions is the use of Teacher-made Educational Modules in
teaching.

You are reading the Organization and Management – Senior High School: First
Quarter Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “explain the functions, roles
and skills of a manager” as written and found in the K-12 Most Essential Learning
Competencies.

The creation of this module is a combined effort of competent educators from different
levels and various schools of Department of Education-Cebu Province. In addition,
this module is meticulously planned, organized, checked and verified by
knowledgeable educators to assist you in imparting the lessons to the learners while
considering the physical, social and economic restraints in teaching process.

The use of Teacher-made Educational Module aims to surpass the challenges of

teaching in a new normal education set-up. Through this module, the students are
given independent learning activities, which embodies in the Most Essential Learning
Competencies based from the K-12 Curriculum Competencies, to work on in
accordance to their capability, efficiency and time. Thus, helping the learners acquire
the prerequisite 21st Century skills needed with emphasis on utmost effort in
considering the whole well-being of the learners.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher!

This part of the module gives you helpful

tips, suggestions or strategies that will
make the learning process easy and
efficient to the learners.

As the main source of learning, it is your top priority to explain clearly on how to use
this module to the learners. While using this module, learner’s progress and
development should be recorded verbatim to assess their strengths and weaknesses
while doing the activities presented independently in safety of their homes. Moreover,
you are anticipated to persuade learners to comply and to finish the modules on or
before the scheduled time.

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For the Learners:

As a significant stakeholder of learning, Department of Education researched and

explored on innovative ways to address your needs with high consideration on social,
economic, physical and emotional aspects of your well-being. To continue the learning
process, DepEd comes up with an Alternative Delivery mode of teaching using
Teacher-Made Educational Modules.

You are reading the Organization and Management – Senior High School: First
Quarter Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “explain the functions, roles
and skills of a manager” as written and found in the K-12 Most Essential Learning
Competencies.

This module is especially crafted for you to grasp the opportunity to continue learning
even at home. Using guided and independent learning activities, rest assured that you
will be able to take pleasure as well as to deeply understand the contents of the
lesson presented, recognizing your own capacity and capability in acquiring
knowledge.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

The first part of the module will keep you on

track on the Competencies, Objectives and
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW Skills expected for you to be developed and
mastered.

This part aims to check your prior knowledge

WHAT I KNOW on the lesson to take.

WHAT’S IN This part helps you link the previous lesson to

the current one through a short exercise/drill.

The lesson to be partaken is introduced in this

part of the module creatively. It may be through
WHAT’S NEW a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, a situation or the like.

A brief discussion of the lesson can be read in

WHAT IS IT this part. It guides and helps you unlock the
lesson presented.

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 A comprehensive activity/es for independent
practice is in this part to solidify your
WHAT’S MORE
knowledge and skills of the given topic.

This part of the module is used to process your

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED learning and understanding on the given topic.

A transfer of newly acquired knowledge and

skills to a real-life situation is present in this
WHAT I CAN DO part of the module.

This activity assesses your level of mastery

ASSESSMENT towards the topic.

In this section, enhancement activities will be

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES given for you to further grasp the lesson.

This contains answers to all activities in the

ANSWER KEYS module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References Printed in this part is a list of all reliable and

valid resources used in crafting and designing
this module.

In using this module, keep note of the fundamental reminders below.

1. The module is government owned. Handle it with care. Unnecessary marks are
prohibited. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering all the given exercises.

2. This module is organized according to the level of understanding. Skipping one

part of this module may lead you to confusion and misinterpretation.

3. The instructions are carefully laden for you to understand the given lessons.
Read each item cautiously.

4. This is a Home-Based class, your reliability and honor in doing the tasks and
checking your answers are a must.

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 5. This module helps you attain and learn lessons at home. Make sure to clearly
comprehend the first activity before proceeding to the next one.

6. This module should be returned in good condition to your teacher/facilitator

once you completed it.

7. Answers should be written on a separate sheet of paper or notebook especially

prepared for your Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person subject.

If you wish to talk to your teacher/educator, do not hesitate to keep in touch with
him/her for further discussion. Know that even if this is a home-based class, your
teacher is only a call away. Good communication between the teacher and the student
is our priority to flourish your understanding on the given lessons.

We do hope that in using this material, you will gain ample knowledge and skills for
you to be fully equipped and ready to answer the demands of the globally competitive
world. We are confident in you! Keep soaring high!

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

This module is solely prepared for you to access and to acquire lessons befitted in
your grade level. The exercises, drills, and assessments are carefully made to suit
your level of understanding. Indeed, this learning resource is for you to fully
comprehend how to explain the functions, roles and skills of a manager.
Independently, you are going to go through this module following its proper sequence.
Although you are going to do it alone, this is a guided lesson and
instructions/directions on how to do every activity is plotted for your convenience.

Using this learning resource, you ought to explain the functions, roles and skills of
a manager as inculcated in the K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.

At the end of this module, you are expected to achieve the following objectives for
this session:

1. Explain the functions, roles and skills of a manager.

2. Apply management skills in their daily lives.
3. Recognize the importance of manager in a business.

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer
the pretest on your workbook.

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 WHAT I KNOW

Pre-test I. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following kinds of manager is responsible for the overall direction of
the organization?
a. Top-level manager c. Middle-level manager
b. Team Leader d. Frontline manager

2. Which kind of manager sets management-aligned objectives and plans, coordinates

and implements strategies leading to goal achievement?
a. Top-level manager c. Team Leader
b. Middle-level manager d. Frontline manager

3. Which of the following is NOT an example of Frontline Manager?

a. Office Manager c. General Manager
b. Department Manager d. Shift Supervisor

4. Which of the following is considered as relatively new kind of management job that
was developed due to the rise of self-managing teams?
a. Top-Level Manager c. Frontline Manager
b. Middle-level manager d. Team Leaders

5. Which of the basic managerial roles is under Interpersonal Roles category?

a. Spokesperson c. Disseminator
b. Entrepreneur d. Figurehead

6. Which DOES NOT fall under Decisional Roles category?

a. Resolve dispute c. Scan competition
b. Allocate budgets d. Settle new labor law

7. It is an interpersonal role a manager plays when he deals with people outside the
company.
a. Negotiator c. Spokesperson
b. Liaison d. Disseminator

8. Which decisional role a manager plays when he is resolving disputes?

a. Disturbance handler c. Monitor
b. Negotiator d. Resource allocator

9. Which managerial roles a manager plays when he performs ceremonial duties like
speaking at or representing the company in a public forum?
a. Figurehead c. Liaison
b. Leader d. Spokesperson

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10. When a manager gathers, processes and shares information from people inside
and outside the organization, he plays which role?
a. Interpersonal role c. Decisional role
b. Informational role d. Intrapersonal role

11. Which skill is generally associated with the operations employed by the
organization in its production process?
a. Interpersonal skill c. Technical skill
b. Conceptual skill d. Diagnostic skill

12. The manager’s ability to see the “big picture” which means seeing opportunity
where others see roadblocks or problems shows which managerial skill?
a. Diagnostic skill c. Technical skill
b. Interpersonal skill d. Conceptual skill

13. A manager needs this skill in order to properly make sound decision to a situation
in an organization?
a. Interpersonal skill c. Conceptual skill
b. Technical skill d. Diagnostic skill

14. A manager’s ability to communicate with, understand and motivate individuals and
group refers to which skill?
a. Diagnostic skill c. Interpersonal skill
b. Technical skill d. Conceptual skill

15. Most successful managers have strong combination of managerial skills; however,
it may differ based on the manager’s level or kind. Which managerial skills are
required for Top-level Managers?
a. Diagnostic and Technical skills c. Technical and Conceptual skills
b. Diagnostic and Conceptual skills d. Interpersonal and Conceptual skills

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Lesson Functions, Roles and
1 Skills of a Manager
In the quest for a great workplace, a manager must be good not only on profit
generation and cost-cutting expenses but also on managing well and taking care of its
people. The task of ensuring that all employees are well taken care of especially in
trying times like COVID-19 pandemic is in equal importance with other functions of a
manager.

Managing is becoming more and more important nowadays, however,

managerial jobs are relatively not the same. A manager of a small enterprise has
different functions, roles and skills from that of a multinational company. More so,
functions, roles and skills expected from a manager vary depending on the managerial
level he is in to. It is, therefore, essential to take note that in order for an organization
to enjoy success, the functions and roles of a manager, and the required skills for him
to do such are clearly defined.

WHAT’S IN

In the previous lesson, you have learned the meaning, functions, types and
theories of management. Management is defined as a process of utilizing people and
resources efficiently in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives. It has
functions namely: planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Also, we
have tackled the types and theories of management that have been the foundation of
the management of today’s business that we have right now.

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 WHAT’S NEW

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activities.

Answer the activities in your workbook. Have fun and good luck!

Activity I: Read – Post – Categorize

Directions:
1. Look at the first box where words are listed for you. READ and find its meaning
from different sources such as dictionary or books.
2. On the second box, POST a keyword or a phrase that would define the items/words
from the first box.
3. The third box, re-write the words from the first box according to its CATEGORY.

READ

Culture Commitment Team Leader

Interpersonal Liaison Leader Disseminator
Conceptual Diagnostic Informational
POST
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________________________
5.___________________________________________________________________
6.___________________________________________________________________
7.___________________________________________________________________
8.___________________________________________________________________
9.___________________________________________________________________
10.__________________________________________________________________
CATEGORIZE

Functions Roles Skills

________________ ___________________ _________________
________________ ___________________ _________________
________________ ___________________ _________________
________________ ___________________ _________________

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 WHAT IS IT

The Four Kinds of Managers and their Functions

1. Top-level Managers are executives or senior managers who are in charge for the
overall management and direction of the organization. They set performance
standards, institutionalize set of norms and values, and create corporate vision
and mission.

2. Middle-level Managers are managers who report to top-level management and

responsible for setting objectives aligned with that of top management’s goals.
They are also tasked to plan and implement strategies leading to target
accomplishment.

3. Firstline / Frontline Managers are managers who supervise the operational

activities and the performance of non-managerial employees. They are also
tasked to prepare schedules and operational plans based on the middle-level
management’s plans.

4. Team Leaders are managers that facilitate and manage team’s activities, and
internal and external relationships. They emerge as the new kind of managers
since the shifting of companies to self-managing team schemes.

Exhibit 1 shows the differences between the four kinds of managers according to
their jobs and functions. It also implies that top-level managers are responsible for
the overall management of the organization while Middle-level managers report to
top-level managers and are located in the middle layer of the hierarchy. The
Frontline managers, on the other hand, are responsible in supervising the
operational activities of the organization. Lastly, Team Leaders, who are the new
breed of managers, manage and facilitate team performance toward its targets.

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Roles of a Manager

In an organization, just like in movies, a role is the part a person plays in a given
situation, so as the managers, they often play a number of different roles. There are
ten basic managerial roles which clustered into three general categories:
Interpersonal, Informational, and Decisional roles.

1. Interpersonal Roles
1.1. Figurehead role is an interpersonal role a manager plays when he
performs official duties such as representing the company to an event and
the like.
1.2. Leader role is an interpersonal role a manager plays when he motivates
and encourages employees to work hard and achieve targets.
1.3. Liaison role is an interpersonal role a manager plays when dealing with
people outside the company.

2. Informational Roles
2.1. Monitor role is an informational role a manager plays when he conducts
environmental scanning and other means to gather relevant information
beneficial to organizational success.
2.2. Disseminator role is an informational role a manager plays when he
shares or disseminates information with others within the organization.
2.3. Spokesperson role is an informational role a manager plays when he
provides information with people outside the organization.

3. Decisional Roles
3.1. Entrepreneur role is a decisional role a manager plays when he adapts to
and initiates changes leading to goal achievement.
3.2. Disturbance handler role is a decisional role a manager plays when he
solves and responds to problems or issues in the organization.
3.3. Resource allocator role is a decisional role a manager plays when he
decides and budgets the company resources among the members of the
organization
3.4. Negotiator role is a decisional role a manager plays when he discusses
schedules, projects, goals, outcomes resources, and employee raises to
the concerned people leading to a more enjoyable workplace to everyone.

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Skills of a Manager

Another important element of managerial work is mastery of the skills necessary to

carry out basic functions and fill fundamental roles. Most successful managers
needed to have a strong combination of these skills namely: Technical,
Interpersonal, Conceptual, and Diagnostic skills.

1. Technical Skills are skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the
organization. These skills are generally associated with the operations employed
by the organization in its production processes.
2. Interpersonal Skills are skills pertaining to the ability to communicate with,
understand, and motivate individuals and group.

3. Conceptual Skills are the manager’s ability to think in the abstract. Having
strong conceptual skill is simply the ability to see the “big picture” which means
seeing opportunity where others see roadblocks or problems.

4. Diagnostic Skills allow managers to better understand cause-and-effect

relationships and recognize the optimal solutions to problems.

The importance of these skills varies by level in the organization whereas, Conceptual
and Diagnostic skills are usually more important for top-level managers in
organizations, whereas Technical and Interpersonal skills may be more important for
first-line managers.

WHAT’S MORE

Here are some activities for you to work on to master and strengthen the basic
concepts you have learned from this lesson. Answer the activities in your
workbook.

Activity II. Is Management for You?

Directions: Complete the self-assessment by responding using the following codes:
ML-most like me; SL-somewhat like me; NS-Not sure; SU-somewhat unlike me; and
MU-most unlike me.

______ 1. I can control others.

______ 2. I regularly assess my job performance.
______ 3. I do not want to get involved in office politics.
______ 4. I like the freedom that open-ended goals provide me.
______ 5. I perform best when things are organized and quiet.
______ 6. I enjoy making oral presentations to group of people.

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______ 7. I am confident that I can accomplish difficult tasks.
______ 8. I dislike writing.
______ 9. I like solving difficult problems.
______ 10. I am an organized person.
______ 11. I have difficulty telling others they made a mistake.
______ 12. I like fixed working hours each day.
______ 13. I view paperwork as small task.
______ 14. I like helping others learn new things.
______ 15. I prefer working alone.
______ 16. I believe in “padrino system”.(i.e., patronage in Filipino culture and politics)
______ 17. I enjoy multitasking.
______ 18. I manage money well.
______ 19. I avoid arguments to stop possible conflict.
______ 20. I can manipulate computer.

Scoring: Start by reversing your scores for items 5, Score Interpretation

8, 11, 15, and 16. For example, if your response for 1 – 20: Management is not
item #5 is ML, change it to MU. Now, count the for you
total number of your ML, SL, NS, SU, and MU 21 – 40: Management is
responses and multiply it with 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1
somewhat not for you
respectively. Get your total scores and interpret.
41 – 60: Management might
# of ML answers _____ x 5 points each = _______ or might not for you
# of SL answers _____ x 5 points each = _______ 61 – 80: Management is
# of NS answers _____ x 5 points each = _______ somewhat for you
# of SU answers _____ x 5 points each = _______
# of MU answers _____ x 5 points each = _______ 81 – 100: Management is
TOTAL = ________ certainly for you

Interpretation:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

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Activity III: Case Analysis

1. Look for an article or news clip that reports something about a manager’s job,
roles or skills. Copy or cut and paste it on the space below.

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2. Having the article as a reference, complete the following:
Case Facts Responses (with discussions)

Kind of Manager

His functions

His roles

His skills

Rubrics in Rating Activity 3: Case Analysis

Score
Case Facts 3 2 1
News Article The article contains The article contains Only one information
or Clip manager’s job, roles only two information needed is evident
or skills. needed
Kind of The kind of The kind of manager No response
Manager manager is properly is not identified
identified correctly
His functions All managerial Managerial functions Only few managerial
functions written in written in the news functions written in the
the news clip are clip is partially listed news clip are listed
listed
His roles All managerial roles Managerial roles Only few managerial
written in the news written in the news roles written in the
clip are listed clip is partially listed news clip are listed
His skills All skills of the Skills of the manager Only few skills of the
manager written in written in the news manager written in the
the news clip are clip is partially listed news clip are listed
listed

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Activity IV. Amazing Notes
Directions: Using the figure below, identify and discuss each management levels in
relation to its key functions, roles and skills for each level.

Rubrics in Rating Activity 4: Amazing Notes

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 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

At this point, let us see how much you have gained from the discussions and activities
you have undergone.

Activity V: Fill in the Blanks

Directions: Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with the correct
word or phrase.

1. There are four kinds of managers, namely: ___________, ___________,

___________, ___________, which perform varying jobs and functions.

2. ___________ are responsible for the direction and overall management of the
organization while ___________ report to and assist top management.
___________ supervise the business operations and its production people
while ___________ functions as facilitator and manager of team, and internal
and external relationships.

3. The roles a manager plays vary according to its kind. The three major
managerial roles are ___________, ___________, and ___________ roles
which are subdivided into ten sub-roles namely: Figurehead, Leader, Liaison,
Monitor, Disseminator, Spokesperson, Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler,
Resource Allocator, and Negotiator.

4. Successful managers must master different skills necessary to carry out basic
functions and fill fundamental roles. Managerial skills include ___________,
___________, ___________, and ___________ skills.

5. The managers a company wants are those who possess knowledge on the
basics (___________), people-oriented (___________), sees big picture
(___________), and can recognize and formulate optimal solution to problems
(___________).

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 WHAT I CAN DO

Activity VI: Practice Being a Manager

Directions: Read each situation below and identify which function of management
that needs to be improved and give your idea on how it should have done. (5 points
each)

Step 1: Identify a job – managerial position in an organization in your locality. List the
job requirements and qualification of the identified job position using the template
below:

Job Requirements Job Qualifications

(the Functions and Roles) (what is being looked from an applicant)

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

_________________________________ _________________________________

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Step 2: If you are the owner or the executive of the company under study, how would
you design the identified management position according to the following:

What kind of a manager it

should be?

What will be the functions of

the identified position?

What managerial roles

would it play?

What skills should this kind

of manager must possess?

Rubrics in Rating Activity 6: Practice Being a Manager

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 ASSESSMENT

Test I. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. A manager’s ability to communicate with, understand and motivate individuals and

group refers to which skills?
a. Diagnostic skill c. Interpersonal skill
b. Technical skill d. Conceptual skill

2. Which of the following is considered as relatively new kind of management job that
was developed due to the rise of self-managing teams?
a. Top-Level Manager c. Frontline Manager
b. Middle-level manager d. Team Leaders

3. Which managerial roles a manager plays when he performs ceremonial duties like
speaking at or representing the company in a public forum?
a. Figurehead c. Liaison
b. Leader d. Spokesperson

4. This kind of manager sets management-aligned objectives, and plans, coordinates

and implements strategies leading to goal achievement?
a. Top-level manager c. Team Leader
b. Middle-level manager d. Frontline manager

5. A manager needs this skill in order to properly make sound decision to a situation in
an organization?
a. Interpersonal skill c. Conceptual skill
b. Technical skill d. Diagnostic skill

6. Which of the following is NOT an example of Frontline Manager?

a. Office Manager c. General Manager
b. Department Manager d. Shift Supervisor

7. Which of the basic managerial roles is under Interpersonal Roles category?

a. Spokesperson c. Disseminator
b. Entrepreneur d. Figurehead

8. Most successful managers have strong combination of managerial skills; however, it

may differ based on the manager’s level or kind. Which managerial skills are
required for Top-level Managers?
a. Diagnostic and Technical skills c. Technical and Conceptual skills
b. Diagnostic and Conceptual skills d. Interpersonal and Conceptual skills

Page | 22
9. Which DOES NOT fall under Decisional Roles category?
a. Resolve dispute c. Scan competition
b. Allocate budgets d. Settle new labor law

10. The manager’s ability to see the “big picture” which means seeing opportunity
where others see roadblocks or problems shows which managerial skill?
a. Diagnostic skill c. Technical skill
b. Interpersonal skill d. Conceptual skill

11. Which decisional role a manager plays when he is resolving disputes?

a. Disturbance handler c. Monitor
b. Negotiator d. Resource allocator

12. When a manager gathers, processes and shares information from people inside
and outside the organization, he plays which role?
a. Interpersonal role c. Decisional role
b. Informational role d. Intrapersonal role

13. Which skill is generally associated with the operations employed by the
organization in its production process?
a. Interpersonal skill c. Technical skill
b. Conceptual skill d. Diagnostic skill

14. It is an interpersonal role a manager plays when he deals with people outside the
company.
a. Negotiator c. Spokesperson
b. Liaison d. Disseminator

15. Which of the following kinds of manager is responsible for the overall direction of
the organization?
a. Top-level manager c. Middle-level manager
b. Team Leader d. Frontline manager

Page | 23
 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

Let us reinforce the skills/knowledge that you have gained from this lesson by doing
the next activity. This activity will be of help in developing your full potential of
becoming a manager as you will be getting first-hand information from a real manager.

Activity VII. Develop Your Career Potential

Directions: Carefully read and interpret the answers of a Beauty and Skincare Facility
Branch Manager at SM – Cebu City from the excerpts of the interview conducted.
Prepare a summary and discussions of the interview findings

Page | 24
ANSWER KEYS

Notes to the Teacher!

For the part tagged with

“Answers Vary”, the teachers will
be the ones to check them.

Page | 25
References

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)

Books:
Fundamentals of Management 11th Edition
Author(s): Robbins, Stephen | Coulter, Mary | DeCenzo, David

Griffin, R.W. and Moorhead G. Human Behavior in an Organization 2nd Edition.

Philippines: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd., 2012
Lorenzana, C. Management Theory and Practice Revised Edition. Philippines: Rex
Book Store. Inc., 2003
Orjalo, V., Frias, S., and Pefianco, E. Organization and Management: Concepts,
Caselets, and Exercises. Philippines: The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,
2016
Payos, R., Espinosa, E. and Zorilla, O. Organization and Management. Philippines:
Rex Bookstore, Inc. 2016
Williams, C. Organization and Management Concepts and Applications. Philippines:
Abiva Publishing House, Inc., 2017

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education: DepEd-Cebu Province
Office Address: Sudlon, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu
Telefax: ___________________________________
Email Address: _______________________________

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