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Planetary Drive Axles: Maintenance Manual 9H
Planetary Drive Axles: Maintenance Manual 9H
$2.50
Models
PRLC 124 W2H
PRLC 144 W2H
Service Notes
1
Table of Contents
Section 5: Assembly
Assembling the Pinion Bearing Cage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Assembling the Differential Case
Installing the Drive Pinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Installing the Differential Case Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Assembling the Service Brake Actuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Assembling the Park Brake Actuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Assembling the Wheel End
Assembling the Carrier Into the Axle Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Assembling the Wheel End Into the Axle Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Functional Test of Hydraulic Apply Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Install the Axle Into the Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Section 6: Adjustments
Checking the Ring Gear Backface Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Adjusting the Gearset Backlash
Adjusting Tooth Contact Pattern of the Gearset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Section 7: Lubrication and Maintenance
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Magnets and Magnetic Drain Plugs
Breather
Oil Level
Check and Adjust Oil
Oil Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Section 8: Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Section 9: Specifications
Torque Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Section 1
Exploded and Cross-Section Views
AXLE SHAFT
DIFFFERENTIAL
CARRIER
SHAFT
PLUGS
CAPSCREW
SPACERS
SHAFT BLEED SCREW
BEARINGS BRAKE PISTON
CAM BRAKE
WASHERS SEALS STATIONARY
BRAKE
CAM THRUST DISCS
SNAP RING SNAP ACTUATION
BEARING WASHER
RING PLATE BRAKE
REACTION
PLATE
WHEEL END
CAPSCREW
1
Section 1
Exploded and Cross-Section Views
2
Section 2
Introduction
Description
Section
Introduction
2
Identification
AxleTech PRLC 124 W2H and PRLC 144 W2H series To determine the exact axle model specification,
double reduction single speed planetary axles refer to the identification tag fastened to the main
feature the following components. housing. Figure 2.1.
An A102 or A104 carrier with a spiral bevel
pinion and ring gearset
A differential nest with two or four differential
pinions
A differential case assembly mounted on two
tapered roller bearings
A planetary system with three or four planetary
pinions
A hydraulic applied wet disc brake system with
friction discs
A mechanical park brake system
A common lubrication sump throughout the
axle
Provision for an optional external oil cooler
Figure 2.1
Axle Tag
MODEL
CUST No.
SERIAL No.
RATIO DATE
3
Section 3
Disassembly
DIFFERENTIAL
HOUSING WARNING
Use care when you remove the wheel end to
prevent the ring gear from falling off of the wheel
end. Do not drop the ring gear. Damage to the ring
gear and serious personal injury can result.
4
Section 3
Disassembly
5. Remove the brake reaction plate, stationary 10. Support the differential carrier with lifting
discs, friction discs and lock pins. Figure 3.3. device. Figure 3.5 and Figure 3.6.
6. Remove sun gear and snap ring from the 11. Remove the differential carrier bolts.
axle shaft.
12. Install two differential carrier bolts in the jack
7. Remove axle shaft. screw holes in the differential carrier. The bolts
will break the seal between the differential
carrier and the axle housing. Figure 3.5.
WARNING
Use a brass, leather or rubber mallet for assembly
and disassembly procedures. Do not hit steel Figure 3.5
parts with a steel hammer. Pieces of a part can LIFTING
break off and cause serious personal injury. STRAP
Figure 3.3
BRAKE STATIONARY BRAKE JACK
HOUSING LOCK DISCS REACTION SCREWS
PINS PLATE
SUN GEAR
Figure 3.6
LIFTING
STRAP
SNAP
RING DIFFERENTIAL
HOUSING
FRICTION
DISCS
Figure 3.4
JACK
SCREWS
BRAKE
HOUSING
AXLE
HOUSING
5
Section 3
Disassembly
SNAP
CAUTION
RING You must loosen all of the brake shoulder-screws
WASHER
before you remove the shoulder-screws. Do not
use a different procedure to remove the brake
shoulder-screws. Damage to components can result.
PLANETARY SPIDER
1. Remove all of the actuation plate shoulder-screws
and return springs. Figure 3.9.
4. Remove the planetary pinions, washers and
rollers. Store each gear assembly in separate 2. Remove the actuation plate.
plastic bags. 3. Remove the brake piston assembly from the
5. Make an alignment mark on the wheel bearing housing by placing the brake housing on a
nut to the output shaft. bench with the opening turned down. Inject
5.5 bar (80 psi) of compressed air through the
6. Remove the setscrew retaining the wheel inlet of the service brake to eject the brake
bearing nut. piston.
7. Use a brass drift to remove the wheel bearing
nut. Figure 3.9
8. Remove the planetary spider from the wheel BRAKE
PISTON ACTUATION
bearing cage. HOUSING
SEALS ACTUATION PLATE
PLATE SHOULDER-
9. Remove the wheel bearing cage from the SCREWS
output shaft.
10. Use a correct puller to remove the wheel
bearing oil seal. Discard the seal. Figure 3.8.
11. Inspect the bearings and bearing cups. Refer
to Section 4 of this manual.
12. If the bearings or bearing cups require
replacement: Use a correct puller to remove ACTUATION
the bearings or bearing cups. BRAKE PLATE RETURN
PISTON SPRINGS
6
Section 3
Disassembly
Figure 3.10
SNAP RING
PARKING
CAM BRAKE
LEVER
Disassembling the Differential
CAM BEARING
SNAP Carrier Assembly
WASHERS SNAP RING RING
1. Remove the cotter pins that retain the
CAMSHAFT adjusting rings. Loosen the adjusting rings.
Figure 3.12.
SPACER 2. Remove the differential bearing cap bolts
and cap.
CAMSHAFT 3. Remove the adjusting ring and bearing cup
BEARINGS
from the bearing cap side.
SPACER
Figure 3.12
7
Section 3
Disassembly
4. To remove the differential case assembly: Tilt 9. Use a brass drift to loosen and remove the
the differential case assembly slightly toward pinion bearing cage. Figure 3.15.
the bearing saddle. Carefully remove the
differential case assembly. Figure 3.13.
Figure 3.15
Figure 3.13
Figure 3.16
8
Section 3
Disassembly
3. Separate the differential case halves. 6. Inspect the ring gear for damage. Refer to
Section 4 of this manual.
4. Two-pinion differential nests only: Remove the
following components. Figure 3.17. 7. If the ring gear requires replacement: Separate
the ring gear from the differential case. Tap the
Pinion shaft and roll pin ring gear with a brass hammer to separate the
Differential pinions and washers ring gear from the differential case.
Side gears and washers 8. Inspect the bearing cones. Refer to Section 4
of this manual.
Case-to-case dowel
WARNING
Figure 3.17
2-PINION DIFFERENTIAL NEST ASSEMBLY
Observe all warnings and cautions provided by
the press manufacturer to avoid damage to
SIDE GEAR AND
THRUST WASHER
components and serious personal injury.
PINION AND
THRUST Inspect
WASHER 9. If the bearing cones require replacement:
Inspect Remove the bearing cones from the
ROLL differential case. Use a suitable puller or
DIFFERENTIAL PIN
CASE HALF press to remove the cone bearings.
CAUTION
5. Four-pinion differential nests only: Remove
the following components. Figure 3.18. When required, bearing cones and cups must
be replaced as a set and be from the same
Spider manufacturer. Damage to components can result.
Differential pinions and washers
2. If the pinion bearing requires replacement:
Side gears and washers
Carefully remove the inner bearing cup
from the carrier housing, and the outer
Figure 3.18 bearing cup from the pinion cage. Use a
4-PINION DIFFERENTIAL NEST ASSEMBLY press and sleeve or a small drift and
SIDE GEAR AND hammer to remove the bearing cup. Do not
PINION AND THRUST WASHER damage the ring journals when you remove
THRUST Inspect the bearing cup.
DIFFERENTIAL WASHER
CASE HALF Remove the bearing cones from the drive
pinion with a press or bearing puller. If you
use a bearing puller, the puller must fit
correctly under the inner face of the cone to
Inspect avoid damage to the cone.
Inspect inside
surfaces.
SPIDER
Inspect (CROSS)
9
Section 4
Prepare Parts for Assembly
Cleaning Ground or
Section
Prepare 4Parts for Assembly
Cleaning Axle Assemblies
Polished Parts A complete axle assembly can be steam cleaned
on the outside to remove dirt.
WARNING Before the axle is steam cleaned, close or put a
cover over all openings in the axle assembly.
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe
Examples of openings are breathers or vents in
eye protection when you perform vehicle
air chambers.
maintenance or service.
Remove all metallic particles from the magnetic
Solvent cleaners can be flammable, poisonous and drain plugs and magnets in the axle housing.
cause burns. Examples of solvent cleaners are
carbon tetrachloride, emulsion-type cleaners and
petroleum-based cleaners. To avoid serious
Drying Cleaned Parts
personal injury when you use solvent cleaners, Dry the parts immediately after cleaning and
you must carefully follow the manufacturer’s washing.
product instructions and these procedures:
Dry the parts with soft clean paper or rags.
Wear safe eye protection.
Wear clothing that protects your skin. CAUTION
Work in a well-ventilated area. Damage to bearings can be caused if dried by
Do not use gasoline, or solvents that contain rotating with compressed air.
gasoline. Gasoline can explode.
Except for bearings, parts can be dried with
You must use hot solution tanks or alkaline compressed air.
solutions correctly. Follow the manufacturer’s
instructions carefully.
Preventing Corrosion
Use a cleaning solvent to clean ground or Apply a light lubricant to cleaned and dried
polished parts or surfaces. Kerosene or diesel parts that are not damaged and are to be
fuel oil can be used for this purpose. NEVER assembled.
USE GASOLINE.
Apply a special material that prevents corrosion
Remove gasket material from parts. Be careful to all surfaces. If parts are to be stored, wrap the
not to damage ground surfaces. parts in special paper that prevents corrosion.
DO NOT clean ground or polished parts in a hot
solution tank, water, steam or alkaline solution. Inspecting Parts
Cleaning Parts With It is very important to inspect all parts carefully
and completely before the axle or carrier is
Rough Finishes assembled. Check all parts for wear and replace
damaged parts. Replacement of damaged or worn
Parts with a rough finish can be cleaned with parts will prevent breakdown of assembly later.
cleaning solvent or in a hot solution tank with a
weak alkaline solution.
Cleaning the Breather
Parts must remain in hot solution tanks until
completely cleaned and heated. 1. Remove the breather from the axle housing.
Parts must be washed with water until the 2. Clean the breather. If the breather remains
alkaline solution is removed. dirty after you clean it, replace the breather.
3. Apply compressed air to the breather. If
compressed air does not pass through the
breather, replace the breather.
4. Install the breather in the axle housing.
10
Section 4
Prepare Parts for Assembly
Tapered Roller Bearings Bright wear marks on the outer surface of the
roller cage. Figure 4.3.
Inspect the cup, cone, rollers and cage of all Damage on rollers and on surfaces of the cup
tapered roller bearings in the assembly. If any of and cone inner race that touch the rollers.
the following conditions exist, the bearing must Figure 4.4.
be replaced:
The center of the large diameter end of the
rollers are worn level with, or below the Figure 4.3
surface.
The center of the large diameter end of the
rollers are worn to a sharp edge. Figure 4.1.
A visible roller groove in the cup or cone inner
race surfaces. The groove can be seen at the
small or large diameter end of both parts.
Figure 4.2.
Figure 4.1
WEAR MARKS
WORN RADIUS
Figure 4.4
WORN SURFACE
Figure 4.2
11
Section 4
Prepare Parts for Assembly
12
Section 4
Prepare Parts for Assembly
CAUTION
Do not apply adhesive directly to the fastener
threads in blind holes. Air pressure will build up
and push the adhesive out and away from mating
surfaces as the fastener is installed.
13
Section 4
Prepare Parts for Assembly
14
Section 4
Prepare Parts for Assembly
15
Section 5
Assembly
Number 0.2-thick 1 — 2 1 —
of Basic
Shims 0.3-thick — 1 — 1 2
Inspect
Inspect inside
surfaces.
SPIDER
Inspect (CROSS)
16
Section 5
Assembly
5. Install the other differential case half on top of 6. In carriers without input U-joint yoke, attach a
the case half you assembled in Step 4, suitable clamping device to the drive pinion.
matching spider legs to half-round slots. Figure 5.4.
6. Two-pinion differential nests: Align the case
halves with locating dowel. Figure 5.1. Figure 5.4
7. Install the ring gear on the case half. Align the
reference marks made during disassembly.
If necessary, heat the ring gear to 140°C (284°F)
maximum to aid assembly. Figure 5.3.
DRIVE
PINION
17
Section 5
Assembly
The remaining steps are for versions with Installing the Differential
U-joint yoke only. Figure 5.6.
Case Assembly
11. Slide U-joint yoke onto pinion spline. Install
washer and snap ring with the beveled edge 1. Apply the specified lubricant to the differential
facing out. Do not install shims yet. case bearings and cups.
12. Measure axial endplay of U-joint yoke, which 2. Install the differential case in the carrier.
should fall within the 0.05-0.56 mm Figure 5.7.
(0.002-0.022-inch) range.
3. Install the bearing cups, adjusting rings,
13. Calculate shim pack thickness by adding bearing cap, and bearing cap bolts. Apply
0.15 mm (0.006-inch) to endplay and rounding thread compound and tighten. Refer to the
down to the nearest 0.10 mm (0.004-inch). “Torque Table” in Section 9. Figure 5.8.
Combine basic shims. Refer to the table
below: 4. Set differential case bearing preload and Bevel
gearset backlash by turning adjusting rings.
Shim Pack Thickness 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Number 0.2-thick 1 — 2 1 — 2 Figure 5.7
of Basic
Shims 0.3-thick — 1 — 1 2 1
OUTER PINION
BEARING
DRIVE BEARING
YOKE CAP
ADJUSTING
RING
SNAP
RING
SHIMS
18
Section 5
Assembly
5. In carriers without input U-joint yoke, attach a Carrier Bearing Preloads (lb-in)
suitable clamping device to the drive pinion.
Figure 5.4. Table A: Carrier Total (Differential Case)
Bearing Preload (inch units)
6. Attach a spring scale to the U-joint yoke or
clamping device. Rotate the drive pinion by Setting the Bearing Preload (As Rolling Torque at Pinion)
pulling the spring scale. Observe the scale Assemble pinion assembly.
movement.
Measure pinion bearing preload; locate value under
7. Compare the preload measurement to “PINION BRG.”
Table A or Table B. Assemble differential case and ring gear assembly.
For example, for the 2.048 carrier ratio, if Measure total bearing preload; it must be within range
under “TOTAL BRG.”
the pinion bearing preload measured
13.6 N•m (10 lb-in) before installing the Specified Rolling Torques (lb-in) NOTE:
1 kgf.cm =
differential case assembly, then the total Pinion bearing preload: 5.0 20.0
0.868 lb-in
bearing preload after installation should be Differential bearing preload: 10.0 25.0
between 20.3-30.2 N•m (14.9-22.2 lb-in). T Bevel Carrier Ascending Order of Ratios
8. Check the bevel gearset backlash. Refer to Gearset
Ratio: 2.048 2.263 2.929
Section 6.
Total Bearing
9. If the total bearing preload or bevel gearset Pinion
Bearing Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.
backlash does not meet specification, rotate
the adjusting rings to get the target values. 5 9.9 17.2 9.4 16.0 8.4 13.5
6 10.9 18.2 10.4 17.0 9.4 14.5
10. Check ring gear backface runout and gearset
tooth contact pattern. Refer to Section 6. 7 11.9 19.2 11.4 18.0 10.4 15.5
8 12.9 20.2 12.4 19.0 11.4 16.5
11. Install the cotter pins to lock the adjusting
rings. Figure 5.8. 9 13.9 21.2 13.4 20.0 12.4 17.5
10 14.9 22.2 14.4 21.0 13.4 18.5
11 15.9 23.2 15.4 22.0 14.4 19.5
12 16.9 24.2 16.4 23.0 15.4 20.5
13 17.9 25.2 17.4 24.0 16.4 21.5
14 18.9 26.2 18.4 25.0 17.4 22.5
15 19.9 27.2 19.4 26.0 18.4 23.5
16 20.9 28.2 20.4 27.0 19.4 24.5
17 21.9 29.2 21.4 28.0 20.4 25.5
18 22.9 30.2 22.4 29.0 21.4 26.5
19 23.9 31.2 23.4 30.0 22.4 27.5
20 24.9 32.2 24.4 31.0 23.4 28.5
19
Section 5
Assembly
20
Section 5
Assembly
CAMSHAFT
PRESS
SPACER
BRAKE CAMSHAFT
PISTON BEARINGS
BRAKE
HOUSING
SPACER
21
Section 5
Assembly
6. Carefully install the wheel end bearing cage 8. Install setscrews through spider and into
onto the output shaft. Rotate the wheel end pinion shafts. Apply thread compound and
bearing cage to seat the seal and bearing. tighten. Refer to the “Torque Table” in
Inspect seal for misalignment or damage. Section 9.
7. If you previously removed the planetary pins: 9. Turn spider over and block against spider
Align the holes in the shaft and spider. The flat surface, and not against planetary pinion
at the end of shaft may be used to assist in the shafts. Press bearing cone onto planetary
alignment. Press planetary pinion shaft into spider.
spider until snap ring-groove end of shaft is
40.05 mm (1.58-inches) from spider face. 10. Install the planetary spider assembly onto
Figures 5.13 and 5.14 output shaft spline. Figure 5.15.
RING
GEAR
PRESS
SNAP
RING
WASHER
PLANETARY
PINION SHAFT
22
Section 5
Assembly
CAUTION
Assembling the Carrier Into the
All of the rollers you install into the planetary
Axle Housing
gears must come from the same manufacturer
and same tolerance group. Do not install rollers NOTE: Do not apply gasket material to the axle
made by differing manufacturers or from differing housing flange.
tolerance groups. Damage to components can
result. 1. Apply liquid gasket material on carrier housing
at the axle housing pilot diameter. Form a
16. Install as many rollers and spacers as will fit continuous bead of approximately
into each planetary gear. Install new washers 3 mm (0.125-inch). Refer to “Applying Liquid
and spacers when you install new rollers. Gasket Material” in Section 4.
Figure 5.16.
WARNING
Figure 5.16 To avoid serious personal injury and possible
damage to components, be very careful when
PLANETARY using lifting devices during removal and
GEAR disassembly procedures.
Apply Inspect to make sure that neither lifting strap
grease here. is damaged.
Do not subject lifting straps to any shock or
drop loading.
BEARING
ROLLERS Figure 5.17
LIFTING
STRAP
23
Section 5
Assembly
Into the Axle Housing 9. Apply liquid gasket material on planetary ring
gear at brake housing mating surface. Form a
continuous bead and keep it far away from
CAUTION screw holes. Refer to “Applying Liquid Gasket
Material” in Section 4.
The amount of liquid gasket material applied
must not exceed 3 mm (0.125-inch) diameter 10. Support output planetary assembly with a
bead. Too much gasket material can block lifting device. Figure 5.20.
passages, impede brake operation and result in
11. Install output planetary assembly guided on
component damage.
housing studs. Mesh planetary gear teeth by
oscillating output shaft.
1. Apply liquid gasket material on brake housing
at the axle housing mating surface. Form a 12. Install wheel end shoulder-screws, washers
continuous bead and keep it far away from and nuts. Apply thread compound and tighten.
screw holes. Refer to “Applying Liquid Gasket Refer to the “Torque Table” in Section 9.
Material” in Section 4.
2. Lightly tap brake housing assembly into place,
using housing studs to assist with alignment. Figure 5.19
Figure 5.18. BRAKE STATIONARY BRAKE
HOUSING LOCK DISCS REACTION
PINS PLATE
Figure 5.18
SUN GEAR
BRAKE
HOUSING
SNAP
RING
FRICTION
DISCS
AXLE
HOUSING
Figure 5.20
LIFTING
3. Install sun gear thrust washer, sun gear and STRAP
snap ring on axle shaft.
4. Insert axle shaft assembly into axle housing,
sliding inner spline into differential side gear
inside carrier. WHEEL END
ASSEMBLY
5. Dip friction discs in AxleTech spec #O84 oil
prior to assembly. Refer to Section 7.
6. Install the lock pins of stationary brake discs in
brake housing slots. Figure 5.19.
7. Install stationary discs and friction discs
alternately. Start with a stationary disc next to
actuator and end with friction disc. Align the
lubrication slots among friction discs.
24
Section 5
Assembly
Adjusting the Parking Brake Lever 3. Actuate the piston at least five times with 97-
103 bar (1400-1500 psi). Check for leaks and
1. Rotate the parking brake cam shaft until the free movement of piston. Refer to Step 7.
internal cam contacts the actuator and
compresses the piston return springs. Hold 4. If you find a leak: Disassemble the brake
the shaft in this position. Figure 5.11. housing assembly. Determine the cause of the
leak and correct the problem. Check the seal
2. Install the parking brake lever on the parking surfaces for sharp edges, nicks and burrs.
brake shaft. Adjust the lever travel by using a
wrench to hold the parking brake shaft in the 5. Wait five minutes. Apply 97-103 bar
brake-engaged position while positioning the (1400-1500 psi) to the piston and lock pressure
lever on the spline teeth of the shaft. Release on. Pressure must not drop more than 3.4 bar
the wrench and measure the amount of travel (50 psi) after one minute.
at the end of the parking brake lever (at the 6. If pressure drops off: Disassemble the brake
cable attachment hole). housing assembly. Determine the cause of
Compare the lever travel to the specification the leak and correct the problem. Repeat
listed below. If lever travel is not within Steps 1-6.
specified range, repeat the adjustment process
until the correct amount of travel is achieved. CAUTION
a. Lever travel for two friction-disc brakes: You must check that the brake completely
13-27 mm (0.50-1.05-inch). releases after you apply the brake. Do not operate
b. Lever travel for three friction-disc brakes: the brake system with the brake partially released.
19-33 mm (0.76-1.30-inch) Damage to brake components can result.
3. Release the lever, and verify that spring force
7. Release the brake pressure. Check that each
causes lever to contact stop.
brake completely releases by rotating the
4. Install snap ring on top side of camshaft. parking brake lever by hand. If the system is
working correctly, you will feel the spring
Filling the Axle With Lubricant force in the parking brake, and the lever will
automatically return to stop when released.
Refer to Section 7 of this manual for lubrication
instructions and specifications.
Figure 5.21
Functional Test of Hydraulic HYDRAULIC
PRESSURE
Apply Brake SUPPLY
SHUT-OFF
The following procedure describes how to test the 138 BAR VALVE
hydraulic apply brake system only. To perform this (2000 PSI) BRAKE
test, use a device that allows you to observe PRESSURE PRESSURE
possible leaks through oil seals and that also GAUGE INLET
allows you to verify that the piston return system BREAK
works correctly. For an accurate evaluation, the BLEEDER
VALVE
device must allow piston displacement of
4-5 mm (0.157-0.197-inch).
1. Connect the brake inlet to the vehicle brake
system or other hydraulic pressure supply.
Install a 1238 bar (2000 psi) manometer in
the brake supply line. Figure 5.21.
2. Bleed the brake system by opening the brake
bleeder valve while supplying hydraulic oil to
the pressure inlet. Pump oil through the brake
until oil coming out of the bleeder does not
contain air bubbles. Close the brake bleeder
valve.
25
Section 5
Assembly
26
Section 6
Adjustments
4. Rotate the ring gear and read the dial 2. Adjust the dial indicator so that the plunger or
indicator. The runout must not exceed pointer is against the tooth surface, near the
0.20 mm (0.008-inch). Figure 6.1. heel end of the gear tooth. Set the indicator
dial to zero (0). Figure 6.2.
If runout exceeds specifications, remove the
differential and ring gear assembly from the
carrier. Refer to “Disassembling the Figure 6.2
Differential Carrier Assembly” in Section 3
and follow Steps 5 and 6.
Figure 6.1
INDICATOR
27
Section 6
Adjustments
HEEL
Decrease backlash
28
Section 6
Adjustments
Figure 6.7
LOW PATTERN
Figure 6.10
HIGH PATTERN
29
Section 6
Adjustments
4. High Pattern: A high contact pattern indicates 6. Heel Pattern: Decrease the gearset backlash
that the pinion was installed too shallow into (within specified range) to move contact
the carrier. Figure 6.8. pattern toward toe and away from heel.
Refer to “Adjusting the Gearset Backlash“ in
To correct, move the pinion toward the ring
this section. Figure 6.13.
gear by decreasing the shim pack between
pinion spigot and inner bearing cone. Refer to
“Assembling the Pinion Bearing Cage” in Figure 6.13 Move pattern toward toe
Section 5. Figure 6.11.
Decrease backlash
Increase backlash
30
Section 7
Lubrication and Maintenance
General Information
Section
Lubrication
7 and Maintenance NOTE: For axles with a common oil level that
have drain and fill plugs only in the axle assembly,
Drive axles generate small metal wear particles at proceed to Step 3.
a fairly steady rate, especially during the break-in
period. If these fine, but hard particles are allowed 2. Rotate the wheels so that the “oil level lines”
to circulate in the lubricant, along with external on the wheel ends are parallel to the ground.
moisture and dirt, internal components will wear
at a much faster rate than normal. 3. Clean the area around the fill/level plug.
Remove the fill/level plug from the wheel ends
and the axle housing bowl. Figure 7.1. The oil
Magnets and Magnetic level must be even with the bottom of the hole
Drain Plugs of the fill/level plug.
Planetary axles are equipped with magnetic drain
plugs that have a minimum pick-up capacity of Figure 7.1
0.57 kilograms (20 ounces) of low carbon steel.
The drain plug must be checked for metal particles
at every oil change interval.
a drain plug.
LEVEL
Breather
CAUTION
4. If oil flows from the hole when you loosen the
Cover the breather when steam cleaning the
plug: The oil level is high. Let the oil drain to
housing. If the breather is not covered, water can
the correct level.
enter the housing and contaminate the oil.
NOTE: Do not fill only through the axle housing
Breathers release pressure and vacuum
bowl.
condensation to minimize premature oil and
component failure.
5. If the oil level is below the bottom of the hole
of the fill/level plug: Fill the axle at each wheel
Oil Level end and the axle housing bowl to the bottom
of the fill plug hole with the specified oil. Wait
Check and Adjust Oil and allow the oil to flow through the axle.
Check the oil level again and fill to the
For complete fill procedures for wet disc brakes, specified level if necessary.
refer to Maintenance Manual 4L, Wet Disc Brakes.
6. Install the fill/level plugs. Apply thread
compound and tighten. Refer to the “Torque
WARNING Table“ in Section 9.
To prevent serious eye injury, always wear safe
eye protection when you perform vehicle
maintenance or service.
31
Section 7
Lubrication and Maintenance
Oil Change NOTE: Do not fill only through the axle housing
bowl.
WARNING 8. Fill the axle at each wheel end and the axle
Park the vehicle on a level surface. Block the housing bowl to the bottom of the fill plug
wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. hole with the specified oil. Wait and allow the
Support the vehicle with safety stands. Do not oil to flow through the axle. Check the oil level
work under a vehicle supported only by jacks. again and fill to the specified level if
Jacks can slip and fall over. Serious personal necessary.
injury can result. 9. Install the fill/level plugs. Apply thread
compound and tighten. Refer to the “Torque
1. Make sure the vehicle is on a level surface. Table“ in Section 9.
Put large containers under the axle and wheel
ends.
Oil Capacity
2. Raise the vehicle so that the wheels are off
Oil volume is approximately 12.5L (26.4 pints) for
the ground. Support the vehicle with safety
PRLC 124 and PRLC 144 axles. Actual volume will
stands.
vary by axle model and configuration.
3. Rotate the wheels so that the “fill/level” plugs
in the wheel ends are toward the ground.
4. Remove the drain plugs from both brake
housings and the main housing. Drain and
discard the oil properly. Clean the plug.
5. Install the drain plugs in both brake housings
and the main housing. Apply thread
compound and tighten. Refer to the “Torque
Table“ in Section 9.
* The checking interval depends on individual operating conditions, speeds and loads. Severe operating
conditions may require more frequent checks.
32
Section 8
Diagnostics
Braking Performance
Condition Possible Causes Correction
Noticeable change or 1. Inadequate actuation fluid supply to 1. Replenish fluid in brake system. Check for leakage
decrease in stopping brakes. and correct cause.
performance.
2. Inadequate pressure to apply brakes. 2. Check brake apply system. Check for leakage in brake
system or brakes, and correct cause.
3. Worn or damaged discs. 3. Inspect and replace discs if necessary.
NOTE: As disc wear occurs, make sure brake system
can supply adequate fluid to fully apply brakes.
4. Overheated seals and/or discs. 4. Inspect and replace discs and seals if necessary.
5. Dirty or contaminated cooling fluid. 5. Drain and flush cooling fluid from brakes and entire
brake system. Replace with approved fluid. In some
cases, it may be necessary to replace discs. Clean or
replace filter.
Brake does not fully 1. Empty fluid reservoir. 1. Fill reservoir to correct level with specified fluid.
apply.
2. Damaged hydraulic system. 2. Repair hydraulic system.
3. Leakage of brake actuation fluid. 3. Refer to “Brake Leaks Actuation Fluid” in this section.
Brakes feel spongy/soft. Brakes or brake system not properly bled. Bleed brakes and brake system.
33
Section 8
Diagnostics
External leak. 1. Loose bleeder screw. 1. Tighten bleeder screw to 20-27 N•m (15-20 lb-ft). T
2. Loose inlet fitting or plugs. 2. Tighten inlet fitting to 34-47 N•m (25-35 lb-ft). T
3. Damaged inlet fitting or plugs or 3. Replace inlet fitting or plug and O-ring if used. Repair
damaged seats. or resurface area; or replace as necessary.
Brake Overheats
Condition Possible Causes Correction
Overheating due to Inadequate coolant flow or heat 1. Install brake cooling system if not already installed on
excessive duty cycle. exchange. vehicle.
2. Re-analyze and re-size brake cooling system if
necessary.
Inadequate coolant flow. Low pump output, blocked filter or Check pump output at different operating modes. Replace
coolant lines. filter and check lines.
Low or no coolant. 1. Improper fill or leaks. 1. Check for proper fill level.
2. Leaking face seal. 2. Replace or reinstall face seal assembly.
3. Loose or damaged plugs. 3. Tighten drain, fill or forced cooling plug. Replace if
damaged.
4. Deteriorated or inadequate sealant 4. Disassemble, clean, re-seal and re-assemble brake
used at joint. housing joint.
Brake drags. 1. More than 1.4 bar (20 psi) pressure 1. Repair hydraulic system so pressure is less than
applies when brakes released. 1.4 bar (20 psi) when brakes released and while
machine is operating in any mode.
2. Damaged piston return spring 2. Repair or replace piston return spring assembly.
assembly.
3. Piston not returning. 3. Check piston seals and seal separator.
4. Wrong cooling and/or actuation fluid 4. Check piston seals and seal separator for swelling or
used. damage. Replace as necessary. Purge system and use
correct fluid.
5. Tight or damaged splines (eg., friction 5. Repair or replace parts.
disc-to-hub driver.)
34
Section 9
Specifications
Torque Table
Section
Specifications
9
35
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