Module 2 – Land Skills

Lesson Plan Number: 1.2

Long Range Shooting and Advance Technology Gadget F/A

 COURSE: Maritime Interdiction and Tactical Operation Course

Module 2 – Land Skills

Lesson Plan

Topic: Long Range Shooting and Advance Technology Gadget F/A

Lesson Plan Number: 2
Target Audience: MG SOU
Venue: SWOS
Training Day Number: 3
Time Allotted: 25 hours
Instructional Method Lecture Discussion PE
Training Aids: Multi-media projector and laptop, PA system
White board and Marker
Trainee Requirements: Notebook and pen
Issue Items: Handouts, CDs
Required Instructor Qualification: Instructor I Instructor II
Instructor III Instructor IV
Instructor V
Coordination: Not necessary
Training Reference Used UNMC - Field Manual (FM) 23-10 Section 1.1
FM 6-30 Military training Institute and
Hunter- ed

Lesson Goal:
 The goal of this instruction is to educate participants on long-range shooting and
firearms gadgets, its purpose and used, and to be able to utilized in accurate F/As firing
on variable distance call of shooting.

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of the module, the participants will be able to:

L.O.1. State the objectives of long-range shooting;

L.O.2. Identify the different gadgets fit for assault rifle and pistol;
L.O.3. Understand the different shooting Position;
L.O.4. Explain the techniques how to perform accurate shooting on a given condition;
L.O.5. Determine how to call a shoot.
L.O.6. Refresh the Participants on Mechanical Zeroing;
L.O.7. (practical exercises).

Lesson Plan 1.2

Lesson Topic – Long Range Shooting and Advance Technology Gadget F/A

I. Introduction

1. Introduce Instructor to the trainees.

a. Name
b. Designation/present unit assignment/work experience
c. Educational background

2. The goal of this instruction is to familiarize and educate the participants with long
range Shooting and used of advance gadgets fits for operative firearm.

II. Motivation

Objectives

The participants will be able to identify, familiarized and perform the

fundamentals of long range shooting and should be able to apply in actual activity.

III. Lesson Proper

 Long Range Shooting and Advance Technology Gadget F/A

A. Long Range Shooting

is a collective term for shooting disciplines where the distance to target is

significant enough that shooter has to put effort into calculating various ballistic factors,
especially in regards to the deviating effects of gravity and wind.

While shooting at shorter ranges, a shooter only has to slightly adjust the sights
to compensate for limited bullet drop at most, but when the range is extended, wind drift
will be the first factor affecting precision to the extent that it must be taken into serious
account.

The distances normally considered to be "long range" is weather- and caliber-

dependent, and long range may be defined as stretching the distance which the firearm
and ammunition is capable of making consistent hits. Generally some may claim that for
the .22 LR cartridge any distances over 100 meters (109 yards) is considered long
range.

Sight is an aiming device used to assist in visually aligning ranged weapons,

surveying instruments or optical illumination equipment with the intended target. Sights
can be a simple set or system of physical markers that have to be aligned together with
the target (such as iron sights on firearms),[1] or optical devices that allow the user to
see an optically enhanced — often magnified — target image aligned in the same focus
with an aiming point (e.g. telescopic sights, reflector sights and holographic sights).

External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with
the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered or un-powered,
guided or unguided, spin or fin stabilized, flying through an atmosphere or in the
vacuum of space, but most certainly flying under the influence of a gravitational field.

Gravity-The force that attract a body towards the center of the earth, or towards
any other physical body having mass.

Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface.
Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to
local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global
winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate
zones on Earth.
B. Gadgets fit for Assault Rifle and Pistol;
 US Special Operations Command's standard-issued rifle is the M4A1 with the
SOPMOD II upgrade, which adds a variety of accessories to the rifle, such as rails,
lasers, scopes, magnifiers, and grips.
Special Operations Peculiar Modification (SOPMOD) kit is an accessory
system for the M4A1 carbine, CQBR, FN SCAR Mk 16/17, HK416 and other
weapons used by United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM).

Rail Laser

SCOPE
 Magnifier

Grip

C. Firing Positions

Standing

With neither arm supported, this is the most difficult position for firing an accurate
shot. Rather than trying to hold the barrel steady, which is impossible, try to keep
movement of the barrel to as small an area as possible. Smooth, natural motion will
produce the best shot.
Sitting

Your legs support both arms. Next to the prone position, this is the steadiest position.
Kneeling

With only one arm braced, the kneeling position is less steady than the prone and sitting
positions.
Prone

The prone position is the most accurate of the four; however, the low angle may
limit your view of the target if there is tall grass or brush in-between. It also takes more
time than the other positions to assume.

D .Techniques how to perform accurate

Aim: Align your sight with the target. Follow two guidelines when you aim.

o Keep both eyes open to ease focusing and reduce eyestrain.

o Keep your aiming time brief. You can’t maintain the firing fundamentals
effectively for long periods

Control Your Breathing: Your breathing can move the firearm just enough to throw
off your shot. These tips will help you to adopt the correct technique more easily.

o When you are ready to shoot, draw a deep breath and exhale about half of
it.
o Hold your breath as you squeeze the trigger.
 o Bear in mind that if you hold your breath too long, your heart beats faster,
which increases your pulse and causes the firearm to move. If you notice
this happening, take another breath and start over.
o At times, the excitement of spotting game will make it more difficult to
control your breathing. Try to relax and follow the correct procedure.

Hold Your Aim: Learning to hold the firearm steady is a challenge. Rather than
attempting to eliminate all movement, concentrate on two actions.

o Focus any necessary movement on the target.

o Minimize the area of movement.

 Squeeze the Trigger: Jerking the trigger or abruptly clenching the trigger hand
can move the gun enough to cause a miss. To avoid these motions, hold the gun
comfortably.

o Grasp the wrist of the stock firmly.

o Position your fingertip comfortably on the trigger. The trigger should rest
on the end of your finger—between the first joint and fingertip.
o To squeeze the trigger without jarring the gun, simply apply slow, steady
pressure until the gunfires.

Follow Through: After the bullet fires, be sure to continue the squeeze or follow-
through to avoid jerking the gun before the bullet leaves the barrel.

B.R.A.S.S.

One commonly used shooting technique for muzzleloaders is the B.R.A.S.S. technique.
It stands for:

Breathe

Relax

Aim

Squeeze the trigger

Squeeze more (for follow-through)

E. Determining Call Shoot

Location- a particular place or position of a target.

- Detailed or exact place of a target

Description- a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event.

F. Mechanical Zeroing

Eye Dominance Testing  Most Soldiers have a dominant eye, one that is stronger than
the other. In order to aim precisely, the Soldiers must use their “dominant eye.”  An easy way
to teach Soldiers how to determine their “dominant eye” is to have them hold their hands out
with the fingers extended and joined, thumbs extended out to the sides. Tell them to overlap their
hands at a 90- degree angle until a small window is made with the thumbs.

Have them place their hands out at arm’s length and look through the opening in their
thumbs at an object. Without squinting or closing either eye, tell them to bring both hands to
their faces while maintaining visual contact with the 13 object. The hole will move to their
“dominant eye” as their hands reach their faces. If they are still not sure, simply have other
Soldiers stand back from them at least 15 feet and look at their faces through the hole in their
hands. They will be able to see the “dominant eye” through the hole.

Checking a Soldier’s Vision  Verify that all Soldiers have been administered a vision
test and that those needing glasses either have them or they have been ordered. Pay special
attention to insure they receive their glasses before range procedures and marksmanship
fundamentals.  Allow the Soldiers to use their issued prescription glasses if the eye protection
inserts are not available.  Test their ability to focus on the front sight post (ask when they are
focused).  Determine necessary eye relief while using their own rifles (should be within 2 – 6
inches from the rear sight aperture)
  Line of Sight and Line of Bore.  Line of sight is accomplished when you align the
front sight post in the rear sight aperture, or when you look through the CCO and align the red
dot with the target.  Line of bore (barrel) is a straight line drawn as if looking down the barrel.
One way to picture this is to shotgun the rifle, remove the bolt carrier and charging handle and
look down the bore from the chamber end; what you see through the barrel is your line of bore

Trajectory. The bullet, which has no lift capabilities, relies on the cant of the barrel to start it on a flight
path (trajectory) that will get it to its target.  The trajectory of the bullet resembles an arc similar to
the flight of a football.

The bullet leaves the barrel on an upwards trajectory. It crosses the line of sight at 2 places:
once on the way up and once on the way down. This is why you can zero the rifle at a short physical
distance (e.g. 25-meters) and still be zeroed to hit the target at a far distance (e.g. 300-meters). These
points are referred to as the “zero range” in FM 3-22.9.
Point of Aim and Point of Impact.  When you start incorporating targets into the trajectory picture you
now must understand point of aim (POA) and point of impact (POI).  POA – is where you align the
sights (line of sight) on the target.  POI – is where the bullet impacts in relation to your sight
alignment.  A 300-meter zero means that you want the round to impact (POI) the 300- meter target at
the same spot that you are aligning the sights (POA).

 In order to get the round to impact where you want it, you must zero the rifle. This is where the closer
“zero range” distance comes in. Knowing that the round crosses the line of sight at two locations, a zero
target is placed at the closer distance and the impact of the rounds is adjusted so that they will impact
the target at distance. To eliminate any inconsistencies in this process, the Army produced the M16/M4-
series 25- meter zero target and zeroing procedures.

Ballistics Tables and Adjusted Zero Ranges.  Every type of weapon that fires (or throws) a projectile
has an associated ballistic table. The velocity (speed) and the weight of the projectile plus the range to
the target determine its trajectory. A projectile’s trajectory is influenced by external factors such as wind
and gravity. When determining the POI for each zero range you must refer to the ballistic tables. The
table below shows a comparison between the M16 and M4 rifles and the 200- and 300-meter zero
ranges. The numbers represent the location of the bullet in inches below or above the line of sight. The
corresponding graph on the next page depicts the trajectory as a curved line
The difference in the trajectories determines where on the target the bullet will hit (POI). The 0.0 line (X
axis) is the line of sight aimed at the center of the target. The 200-meter zero is a flatter trajectory than
the 300-meter and will impact lower at closer ranges but will drop off quicker at longer ranges.  Based
on the trajectory of the bullet and the size of the targets, the POA should always be center mass.

When you superimpose the M16 trajectories (300-meter is upper line and 200-meter is lower line) on
targets at distances of 50 – 300-meters you see the approximate impact of the round. NOTE: THE POA
HAS NOT CHANGED, IT REMAINS ON CENTER MASS OF THE TARGET.
Natural Point of Aim (NPA)  NPA is the point at which the rifle sights settle when in a firing position. 
When in a firing position with proper sight alignment, the position of the tip of the front sight post will
indicate the natural point of aim.  When completely relaxed, the tip of the front sight post should rest
on the desired aiming point (the 300-meter scaled silhouette).  NPA places the Soldier in a comfortable
position.  NPA reduces muscle tension which reduces the “Wobble Area.”  NPA gives the Soldier a
base to reset to after each shot.  To check NPA talk each Soldier through the following steps: 1. Aim on
the target 2. Close the eyes 3. Take a couple of breaths and relax as much as possible 4. Open the eyes
5. Position the tip of the front sight post on the desired aiming point while maintaining sight alignment.
IV. Summary

Participants should summarize the lesson by performing the objectives:

1. State the objectives of long-range shooting;

2. Identify the different gadgets fit for assault rifle and pistol;
3. Understand the different shooting Position;
4. Explain the techniques how to perform accurate shooting on a given condition;
5. Determine how to call a shoot.
6. Refresh the Participants on Mechanical Zeroing;
7. (practical exercises).

Presentation Outline :

Topics Time Methodology

 I. Introduction 15mins Lecture/ Discussion

II. Critical Points to Remember in Long

Range Shooting and Advance 30mins Lecture/ Discussion
Technology Gadgets
III. The Objective of Long Range 30mins Lecture/ Discussion
Shooting
IV. Different Gadgets for Rifle and 30mins Lecture/ Discussion
Pistol
Break 15mins

V. Understanding Shooting Position 30mins Lecture/ Discussion

VI. Accurate Shooting Techniques 30mins Lecture/ Discussion

VII. Determining a Call shoots 30mins Lecture/ Discussion

VIII. Refresher on Mechanical Zeroing 30mins Lecture/ Discussion

Total 4Hrs

Presentation Outline