2-0 GSC2022 Competition Guideline

GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022
Competition Guideline Document
Version: 2.0
by
GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 Version: 2.0
Competition Guideline Document Effective Date: 12/8/2022
Revision History
VERSION DESCRIPTION DATE

1.1 Initial document version 18/7/2022
1.2 1. Minor language updates. 19/7/2022
2. Addition of Acronyms & Abbreviation table.
3. Section 6.1 revised for language error.
4. Section 5.3 revised explanation for innovation challenges.
5. Section 6.4 revised explanation for challenge three requirement.
2.0 1. Updated the Acronyms & Abbreviations table in Section 2. 5/8/2022

2. Included a Terms table to further emphasise the important terms
used in the competition such as the Prototype and the
GerhanaSAT.
3. Added detailed information and pictures with explanations
regarding the GerhanaSAT Kit in Section 3.1.
4. Updated the requirement explanation in Section 6.1.
5. Updated the frequency range allowed in Section 6.1.
6. Added maximum dimension and mass for the prototype and the
GerhanaSAT following the stages of the competition with
graphical content.
7. Updated explanation on Challenge 1 requirements in Section
6.2.
8. Added a requirement on the flag raise for the telecommand
challenge along with graphical content and a bonus requirement
in section 6.2.
9. Updated explanation on Challenge 2 requirements along with
the black box dimension detail and visualization.
10. Added a time limit for Rover Docking Challenge and a
requirement to push the tactile switch as the rover docks.
11. Added constraint to the innovation challenge.
12. Updated the explanations on the Competition Rules &
Requirements.
13. Add bonus requirement chapter
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The electronic version is the official, approved document.

All Rights Reserved Verify this is the correct version before use. Independence-X Aerospace © 2022
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... 3
2 TABLE OF FIGURE ............................................................................................................................... 5

3 ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS .................................................................................... 6
4 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 8
4.1 GERHANASAT KIT .......................................................................................................................... 8
5 BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................................... 14
6 MAIN CHALLENGES ........................................................................................................................... 15
6.1 TELEMETRY & TELECOMMAND CHALLENGE......................................................................... 16
6.2 ROVER DOCKING CHALLENGE ................................................................................................. 16

6.3 INNOVATION CHALLENGE ......................................................................................................... 17
7 MINIMAL MISSION REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................. 18
7.1 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 1 (TELEMETRY & TELECOMMAND) REQUIREMENTS ......... 19
7.2 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 2 (ROVER DOCKING) REQUIREMENTS ................................. 21
7.3 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 3 (INNOVATION) REQUIREMENTS ......................................... 22
8 BONUS REQUIREMENT ..................................................................................................................... 23

8.1 PAYLOAD DROP & RECOVERY SYSTEM .................................................................................. 23
8.1.1 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................... 23
8.1.2 PARACHUTE .......................................................................................................................... 23
8.1.3 PAYLOAD ............................................................................................................................... 25
8.2 DIY RF ANTENNA ......................................................................................................................... 26
8.2.1 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................... 26

8.2.2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 26
8.2.3 ANTENNA EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................... 27

8.2.4 EXAMPLE PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA DESIGN ................. 31
9 FINAL DEMONSTRATION CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS ................................................................. 32
10 COMPETITION RULES & REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 33

10.1 PARTICIPATION REQUIREMENTS & TEAM MAKEUP ..................................................... 34
10.2 INDUSTRIAL MENTOR .......................................................................................................... 34

10.3 INSTITUTION ADVISOR........................................................................................................ 34
10.4 REGISTRATION ..................................................................................................................... 34
10.5 DOCUMENTATIONS & PRESENTATIONS .......................................................................... 35

10.5.1 MISSION PROPOSAL ................................................................................................... 35
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10.5.2 PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR) ..................................................................... 35
10.5.3 CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR) ............................................................................. 36

10.6 FINAL DEMONSTRATION..................................................................................................... 36
10.7 FINANCIAL BUDGET ............................................................................................................ 36

11 EVALUATION CRITERIA .............................................................................................................. 37
11.1 SOCIAL MEDIA POSTING ..................................................................................................... 37
11.2 SOCIAL MEDIA POST TAGS AND HASHTAGS ................................................................... 38

11.2.1 FACEBOOK ................................................................................................................... 38
11.2.2 INSTAGRAM .................................................................................................................. 39
11.2.3 TWITTER........................................................................................................................ 39
11.2.4 TIK TOK.......................................................................................................................... 39

11.2.5 LINKED IN ...................................................................................................................... 40
11.2.6 YOUTUBE ...................................................................................................................... 40

12 AWARDS & PRIZES ..................................................................................................................... 40
13 PRELIMINARY EVENT SCHEDULE ............................................................................................. 41
14 Appendix A: .................................................................................................................................... 43
MISSION PROPOSAL GUIDELINE ....................................................................................................... 43
14.1 MISSION PROPOSAL OUTLINE ........................................................................................... 44
EVALUATION CRITERIA ................................................................................................................... 46

15 Appendix B: .................................................................................................................................... 47
PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW GUIDELINE .................................................................................... 47

15.1 PDR OUTLINE ........................................................................................................................ 48
16 Appendix C:.................................................................................................................................... 54
CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW GUIDELINE ............................................................................................ 54
16.1 CDR Outline ............................................................................................................................ 55
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2 TABLE OF FIGURE
Figure 1 GerhanaSAT Kit ................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 2 GerhanaSAT with fully deployed antenna. .................................................................... 10
Figure 3 GerhanaSAT dimension size........................................................................................... 11
Figure 4 Ground Station Module.................................................................................................. 11
Figure 5 GerhanaSAT exploded view. .......................................................................................... 12
Figure 6 Ground Station Module exploded view. ........................................................................ 12
Figure 7 Example of communication between the ground station and GerhanaSAT. ................ 13
Figure 8 Hardware Progression timeline. .................................................................................... 15
Figure 9 GerhanaSAT Challenge 1 Overview. .............................................................................. 16
Figure 10 GerhanaSAT Challenge 2 Overview. ............................................................................ 17
Figure 11 Maximum dimension visualization (without antenna and solar panel) according to
the competition stage. ................................................................................................................. 19
Figure 12 Maximum height from the top of the prototype to the Jalur Gemilang when raised. 20
Figure 13 Jalur Gemilang’s recommended size for flag raise. ..................................................... 20
Figure 14 Rover Docking Challenge. ............................................................................................ 21
Figure 15 Example of Cross Parachute. ....................................................................................... 24
Figure 20 Antenna-type examples ............................................................................................... 27
Figure 21 Example of Yagi antenna made with measurement tapes (source from the internet).
..................................................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 22 Example of Turnstile antenna used for CubeSat (source from the internet). ............. 28
Figure 23 Example of Coil-loaded antenna (source from the internet). ..................................... 28
Figure 24 Example of Quarter-wave Monopole antenna (source from the internet). ............... 29
Figure 25 Gain pattern of Phase array antenna (source from the internet). .............................. 29
Figure 26 Fractal Anntena geometries (source from the internet). ............................................ 30
Figure 27 Design of Quarter Wave antenna. ............................................................................... 31
Figure 28 GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 Concept of Operation.................................................... 32
Figure 29 GerhanaSAT Challenge general schedule. .................................................................. 41
Figure 30 Competition flow chart. ............................................................................................... 42
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3 ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS
ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

ADCS Attitude Determination Control System
CDR Critical Design Review
COTS Commercially Off-the-Shelf
CONOPS Concept of Operations
C&DH Command & Data Handling
CPU Central Processing Unit
DIY Do it yourself
EPS Electrical Power System
GPIO General Purpose Input Output
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit
LoRa Long Range Radio
MYSA Malaysian Space Agency
OBC On-board Computer
PDR Preliminary Design Review
PWM Pulse-width Modulation
STEM Science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
QFH Quadrifilar Helix
Table 1 Acronyms & Abbreviations.
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TERMS
Prototype Refers to the GerhanaSAT prototype built using STM32 Blue Pill as the
main processor, LoRa module as the main communication module and
other peripherals such as sensors and actuators, before migrating into
GerhanaSAT during the final stage.
GerhanaSAT Refers to the satellite in the GerhanaSAT Kit provided by
Independence-X Aerospace to the finalists for the final demonstration.
Main body Refers to the main part of the prototype for GerhanaSAT Challenge 1
which includes the enclosure, main processor (STM32 Blue Pill) &
communication module.
Table 2 Terms definition.
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4 INTRODUCTION
GerhanaSAT is a Femto-class satellite, according to mass classification, which is lesser than 100g.
Independence-X Aerospace plans to launch a constellation of GerhanaSAT into the equatorial low
earth orbit for the Internet of Things (IoT) and drone communication services. The mission of the
GerhanaSAT is to serve as a communication satellite throughout the equator which contains
subsystems such as Attitude Determination Control System (ADCS), Command & Data Handling
(C&DH), Electrical Power System (EPS), On-board Computer (OBC), and Communication. In
order to anticipate the actual space mission, Independence-X Aerospace decided to launch a series
of satellite competitions known as the GerhanaSAT Challenge.
The GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 is designed to provide an immersive experience in satellite

design, build, test, and operate at an affordable cost. The competition requires a thorough thought
process which includes a mission proposal, preliminary design review, critical design review, and
final demonstration all of which undergoes technical design, documentation, and project
management skills besides showcasing leadership and great sportsmanship.
The most important aspect of this competition is that each participant will learn many essential
skills that could be applied throughout their professional career through the process of developing
this project, learning what works and what does not, and learning to work together as a team.
4.1 GERHANASAT KIT

GerhanaSAT Kit is a fully functional satellite that was designed as an educational kit for high
school students, university students, and any adult that wants to learn about what is a satellite,
how a satellite operates, and to gain hands-on experience in handling real working satellite.
It will consist of two main parts, the satellite and a ground station module. The satellite itself will
have three main parts, main board, communication board, and chassis. The Ground Station
Module will have a ground station board integrated with a LoRa communication module,
enclosure, modular antenna connection, and micro-USB for connection to a computer.
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On the GerhanaSAT main board, there will be a LiPo charger, 3.3V and 5V regulator, Inertial
Measurement Unit (IMU), humidity, pressure and temperature sensor, DC motor driver and
128kB onboard memory. The board will also have an interface that can be accessed from the
Communication and Breakout board. Below is the list of interfaces available on GerhanaSAT:
• I2C x1
• UART x1
• GPIO x3
• Standalone PWM x2
• Shared PWM x2 (shared PWM with motor driver 4)
Figure 1 GerhanaSAT Kit
When fully assembled, without the antenna and solar panel, the GerhanaSAT measures 32mm*
32mm*32mm and weighs at 54.4g. The antenna included in the kit is made using measurement
tape which uses spring steel material. This material is perfect for DIY satellites or even a full-
fledged CubeSat because of its flexibility and ability to maintain its original shape. The antenna
can be tucked in during launch and automatically deployed when it is released.
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The GerhanaSAT’s main processor is STM32F103C8T6 which is a 32-bit ARM CPU (Central
Processing Unit) from STMicroelectronics. In comparison to the Arduino boards that students
usually use for projects, this processor is superior in terms of performance.
Furthermore, the GerhanaSAT is very suitable for STEM education as it is compatible with most
modules on the market, programmable with a USB cable, Arduino IDE friendly and because it
uses the same processor as STM32 Blue pill, it has a lot of similar references online. Below are
detailed pictures of the GerhanaSAT and the Ground Station Module:
Figure 2 GerhanaSAT with fully deployed antenna.
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Figure 3 GerhanaSAT dimension size.
Figure 4 Ground Station Module.
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Figure 5 GerhanaSAT exploded view.
Figure 6 Ground Station Module exploded view.
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The main payload for GerhanaSAT is the telemetry from its onboard sensors. GerhanaSAT will
send telemetry to the ground station through the Ground Station Module included in the kit. The
Ground Station Module will be connected to a computer that will display the received data on
ground station software. Figure 7 below visualize the communication between the ground station
and GerhanaSAT.
Figure 7 Example of communication between the ground station and GerhanaSAT.
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5 BACKGROUND
The competition primarily revolves around using GerhanaSAT Kit to solve the challenges. In
order to anticipate the use of the GerhanaSAT Kit which will be given to the finalists, the
participant can use COTS (commercially-off-the-shelf) components to build a prototype and
demonstrate the viability of the initial stage designs (from PDR to CDR). All prototypes will be
migrated to GerhanaSAT Kit on the final demonstration stage. Further information is available in
the chapters below.
*All Intellectual Property of the GerhanaSAT Kit & the GerhanaSAT Challenge program belongs
to Independence-X Aerospace Sdn. Bhd.
*All Intellectual Property of additional innovation by participants belongs to the participants.
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6 MAIN CHALLENGES
Each team is required to build a prototype to solve all three GerhanaSAT challenges based on the
general mission requirement specified in chapter 7.1. This prototype will be built starting on the
Preliminary Design Review stage of the competition and will be migrated into GerhanaSAT
during the Final Demonstration stage.
The main challenges are:
I. Telemetry & Telecommand Challenge

II. Rover Docking Challenge
III. Innovation Challenge
These challenges are based on real space challenges that are currently being looked at in the
current space industry. The requirements are thoroughly mentioned in Chapter 7: Minimal
Mission Requirements. The judging criteria are based on the technical and programmatic
relevance to the GerhanaSAT Challenge competition, and the intrinsic scientific or engineering
merit.
Important Note: The GerhanaSAT Kit must be used during the final demonstration stage.
Figure 8 Hardware Progression timeline.
Figure 8 above shows a recommended hardware progression timeline to solve the GerhanaSAT
Challenges.
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6.1 TELEMETRY & TELECOMMAND CHALLENGE

Each team is required to build a prototype that would be able to send the telemetry of onboard
sensors to the ground station with a minimum 2km distance at a 1-minute interval. The ground
station is also able to send a telecommand to the prototype to raise a flag.
Each team has to develop a ground station software or a dashboard for data visualization. It should
be able to receive real-time telemetry from the prototype while also being able to send
telecommand to the prototype.
Figure 9 GerhanaSAT Challenge 1 Overview.
6.2 ROVER DOCKING CHALLENGE

As the rovers on the moon depend on the star-tracker device to determine its position, the rover
docking challenge will test on how creative the teams can get to make the rover prototype dock
autonomously. The docking station will be emitting light as seen in Figure 10 and the test will be
done in a black box.
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Figure 10 GerhanaSAT Challenge 2 Overview.
6.3 INNOVATION CHALLENGE

The prototype design and build must solve real-world problems.
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7 MINIMAL MISSION REQUIREMENT

Each team is required to design and build a prototype according to the minimal mission
requirements. However, this will not limit the innovative elements as each team can add features
to obtain bonus marks as long as it is within the boundaries of the competition. Teams who fail to
comply with the minimal mission requirements will be disqualified from the competition.
Reminder: Read Section 5 for clarification of the relation between the prototype and the
GerhanaSAT.
I. The prototype must be built using the STM32 Blue Pill module as the main processor
and LoRa module as the main communication module.
II. The minimum sensor onboard is temperature, humidity, and pressure sensor.
III. The operating frequency range allowed is 433MHz to 435MHz.
IV. Explosives, detonators, pyrotechnics and inflammable or dangerous materials are strictly
forbidden. All materials used must be safe for the personnel, the equipment and the
environment.
V. External modules can be integrated modularly into the prototype such as DC motor and
servo motor.
VI. The prototype must migrate to the GerhanaSAT on the final stage of the competition.
VII. The maximum dimension and mass of the prototype and GerhanaSAT (without antenna
and solar panel) are detailed in Table 1 below according to the following setup:
a. For a single solid design, which means the prototype is integrated with all
components necessary for all challenges, the maximum dimension and mass will
be under the “Prototype + Modules” setup.
b. For a prototype to be built in a modular design, which means the modules
necessary for some or all of the challenges are detachable from the prototype, it
must follow the dimension and mass requirement accordingly.
Stage MISSION PROPOSAL, PDR, CDR FINAL DEMONSTRATION

Prototype
Setup Prototype + Modules GerhanaSAT GerhanaSAT + Modules
(Main body)
Maximum 70*70*70 100*100*100 32*32*32 90*90*90
Dimension (mm)
Maximum Mass (g) 125 175 100 150
Table 3 Maximum dimension and mass of prototype and GerhanaSAT.
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Figure 11 Maximum dimension visualization (without antenna and solar panel) according to the competition
stage.
7.1 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 1 (TELEMETRY &

TELECOMMAND) REQUIREMENTS
I. Telemetry from the sensors onboard the prototype must be transmitted to the ground
station in real-time at 1-second intervals for 2 minutes.
II. The prototype must be able to, at minimum, transmit temperature, humidity, and pressure
data.
III. The distance between the prototype and the ground station must be at least 2 km*.
IV. Each team must develop a ground station device and software for the prototype with a
user-friendly interface that is able to acquire and display real-time data with a time tag
during the data telemetry.
V. The ground station must send telecommand to the prototype to raise a Jalur Gemilang flag.
VI. The raised Jalur Gemilang flag must not be higher than 10mm above the top of the
prototype.
VII. Two bonus requirements are available for extra marks. Please refer to Chapter 8 for more
information.
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Figure 12 Maximum height from the top of the prototype to the Jalur Gemilang when raised.
*Note: On the final demonstration day, the organizer will prepare locations with a distance of
2km from the ground station to the prototype for the Telemetry & Telecommand Challenge. If
the participant requires a longer distance for the final demonstration, an earlier arrangement
needs to be made with the organizer.
Figure 13 Jalur Gemilang’s recommended size for flag raise.
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7.2 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 2 (ROVER DOCKING)

REQUIREMENTS
I. The main body of the rover prototype must be the same as the main body of the prototype
in GerhanaSAT Challenge 1.
II. The rover prototype must be able to move autonomously towards the docking station.
III. The rover prototype must be able to manoeuvre through the obstacles to get to the
docking station.
IV. The rover prototype must push the tactile switch on the docking station to finish
docking.
V. The time limit for the docking challenge is 30 minutes.
VI. The test will be conducted in a fully enclosed 50cm x 50xm x 10cm (LxWxH) black box.
Figure 14 Rover Docking Challenge.
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7.3 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 3 (INNOVATION) REQUIREMENTS

I. The main body of the innovation prototype must be the same as the main body of the
prototype in GerhanaSAT Challenge 1.
II. The prototype must be able to solve the current real-world problem.
III. The innovation must be demonstrated in the set Aerodome operational volume of the
competition.
Note: Aerodome operational volume is a hemisphere with a radius of 5m.
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8 BONUS REQUIREMENT
This section was prepared to guide the participants for the bonus requirement within GerhanaSAT
Challenge #1. The two requirements for this bonus round will be as follow:
I. Payload drop & recovery system

II. DIY RF antenna
8.1 PAYLOAD DROP & RECOVERY SYSTEM

8.1.1 REQUIREMENTS
I. The ground station must send a telecommand to the prototype to drop a payload attached
with a parachute.
II. Weight of the payload without the parachute must be 5g
III. Design and develop a parachute to be used as part of the payload drop.
IV. Clear engineering analysis and verification (i.e. terminal descent velocity calculations)
will be required as proof of the detailed process for the parachute design and
construction using the DIY method.
V. The longer the payload takes to reach the ground, the higher the marks.
8.1.2 PARACHUTE
A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through the atmosphere by creating
drag or aerodynamic lift. A major application of parachute in the space industry is to help slow a
spacecraft down during entry, descent, and landing.
It is important to have a soft landing so the spacecraft is not damaged on impact. When humans
are on board, it's even more important to have a soft landing. The larger and more massive the
spacecraft, the more difficult it is to achieve a soft landing.
A parachute is usually made of a light, strong fabric. Early parachutes were made of silk. The
most common fabric today is nylon. A parachute's canopy is typically dome-shaped, but some are
rectangles, inverted domes, cross, and many more.
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Figure 15 Example of Cross Parachute.
8.1.2.1 TERMINAL DESCENT VELOCITY CALCULATIONS

To make a parachute, one must know the terminal descent velocity of the object. When a payload
with parachute is released on air, the parachute will accelerate before reaching a steady speed.
This steady speed is called terminal velocity. In other words, it is the velocity when the payload
hits the ground.
By knowing the terminal descent velocity of the payload, the parachute could be manufactured in
a way that it reduces the terminal descent velocity of the object by 90 percent. According to a US
Military research, parachutes are designed to reduce terminal velocity by 90 percent for an
optimum descent.
By using drag equation, we can solve the size of parachutes needed for our design.
𝜌 ∙ 𝑉 2 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝐶𝑑
𝑊=𝐷=
2
Equation 1 Drag Equation
Rearranging the equation to solve for the terminal descent velocity, V,
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2∙𝑚∙𝑔
𝑉=√
𝜌 ∙ 𝐴 ∙ 𝐶𝑑
Equation 2 Rearranging the drag equation to solve for velocity
𝑉 = terminal velocity (ms-1)

𝑚 = mass (kg)
𝑔 = acceleration due to gravity (ms-2)
𝜌 = air density (kg/m3)
𝐴 = parachute area (m3)
𝐶𝑑 = drag coefficient of parachute (kgm-3)
By using above equation, the parachute can be designed to have desired terminal velocity and
the time of payload descend can be estimated by calculation.
8.1.3 PAYLOAD
Payload is the load carried by a system or vehicle to do a specific task. For this bonus round, we
will use dummy payload which will be attach to the satellite before release. Mass of the payload
is set to 5g for all teams, because the scoring will be on the design of the parachute by measuring
the time it takes to reach the ground.
Table 4 Example of 5g weight
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8.2 DIY RF ANTENNA

8.2.1 REQUIREMENTS
I. Design and develop a radio communications antenna to be used as part of the
competition’s main requirements.
II. Clear engineering analysis and verification, i.e. link budget, antenna type with
calculations, smith chart, radiation patterns, etc. will be required as proof of the detailed
process for the antenna design and construction using DIY method.
III. The participants shall utilize for both ends of the terminals, i.e. Onboard satellite and
Ground Station. Antenna for each ends, may or may not necessarily be similar.
Important note: To gain points for this bonus round, one SHALL not use COTS (Commercially
of the Shelf) antenna but to construct from ground up.
8.2.2 INTRODUCTION
An antenna is a metallic structure, which converts electrical power into electromagnetic waves
and vice versa. An antenna can be used either as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna:
• A transmitting antenna is one, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic

waves and radiates them.
• A receiving antenna is one, which converts electromagnetic waves from the received beam
into electrical signals.
• In two-way communication, the same antenna can be used for both transmission and
reception.
For the competition, a well-designed self-made antenna will ensure the optimum operating
performance of the wireless product to send telemetry and telecommand through a further
distance.
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8.2.3 ANTENNA EXAMPLES

There are several antenna designs, as shown in the figure below:
Figure 16 Antenna-type examples
Some individual examples of antennas are shown below:
A. Yagi antenna.
Figure 17 Example of Yagi antenna made with measurement tapes.
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B. Turnstile antenna.
Figure 18 Example of Turnstile antenna used for CubeSat.
C. Coil-loaded antenna.
Figure 19 Example of Coil-loaded antenna.
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D. Quarter-wave Monopole antenna.
Figure 20 Example of Quarter-wave Monopole antenna.
E. Phase Array antenna
Figure 21 Gain pattern of Phase array antenna.
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F. Fractal Antenna geometries
Figure 22 Fractal Anntena geometries.
The following are the other types of antenna:

• Wire dipole antenna
• Loop antenna
• Wire monopole antenna
• Horn antenna
• Microstrip patch antenna
• Corner reflector antenna
• Parabolic dish antenna
• Slot antenna
• QFH (Quadrifilar Helix) antenna
The complete engineering analysis of the antenna design involves several parameters such as:
• Frequency
• Wavelength
• Bandwidth
• Antenna gain
• Field pattern
• Radiation pattern
• Effective Radiated Power (EIRP)
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8.2.4 EXAMPLE PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA DESIGN
Chosen antenna type: Quarter Wave antenna

Quarter Wave antenna design:
Figure 23 Design of Quarter Wave antenna.
¼ wavelength, L calculation:
𝑚
𝑐 299792458( )
𝑠
𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝜆 = = = 0.692𝑚
𝑓 433𝑀𝐻𝑧
Equation 3 Wavelength Equation
𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦, 𝑓 = 433𝑀𝐻𝑧

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡, 𝑐 = 299,792,458 𝑚/𝑠
1 1
¼ wavelength, L = ∗ 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = ∗ 0.692𝑚 = 0.17𝑚
4 4
Equation 4 1/4 wavelength equation
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9 FINAL DEMONSTRATION CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS

This section entails the concept of operations during the final demonstration day.
Figure 24 GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 Concept of Operation.
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10 COMPETITION RULES & REQUIREMENTS

This section will describe the rules and requirements for the competition. Each team shall follow
all rules and requirements that have been set by the competition board.
This section describes the rules and requirements for the competition. Each team shall follow all
the rules and requirements set by the organiser. The organiser reserves the right to modify or
substitute any of these rules and requirements from time to time as it deems fit. If there is
ambiguity in any of the provisions, the organiser shall be the authority to interpret and in doing
so, the organiser will take into account the interests of all the affected Participants. Each team will
be notified by any updates on the rules and requirements.
The competition is in four phases, as per described below:
I. Phase one is the application phase. Teams must submit a proposal for the competition
panel to evaluate team’s understanding of the competition requirements and determine
whether the team is capable of implementing the required tasks.
II. Phase two is the preliminary design phase. Teams are to develop designs, prototype, test
concepts and generate a preliminary design review (PDR) document package using the
provided guidelines in Appendix B.
III. Phase three is the detailed design phase. Teams will finalize their design and start
manufacturing/developing the flight unit. Teams shall generate a critical design review
(CDR) document package using the provided guidelines in Appendix C.
IV. Phase four is the final demonstration phase. Teams will be scheduled for readiness check
on their GerhanaSAT development and each team must use the GerhanaSAT to solve the
three challenges.
All types of plagiarism are strictly prohibited and team will be disqualified from competition.
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10.1 PARTICIPATION REQUIREMENTS & TEAM MAKEUP

The competition is open to all learning institutions in Malaysia which include universities,
colleges, polytechnics, and secondary schools. Each institution can send more than one team to
participate in the competition. Team members shall consist of a maximum of five (5) students and
a minimum of two (2) students. The team leader should undertake project management roles as
well as engineering development tasks. Changes in the team leader and/or team member(s) should
be informed to the competition secretariat at any time at the earliest possible but not later than the
1st of August 2022. Any changes after the date may result in the elimination of the team from the
competition.
10.2 INDUSTRIAL MENTOR

Each team entering the GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 is deeply encouraged to have an industrial
mentor, as there will be bonus marks for teams having industrial mentors. The industrial mentor
shall oversee and guide the team at all times during the competition so that there is guidance for
the team to build. The reappointment of the industrial mentor should be informed to the
competition secretariat at any time at the earliest possible date.
10.3 INSTITUTION ADVISOR

All teams entering the GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 are required to have an institution advisor.
The advisor shall oversee and be responsible for the conduct of the team at all times during the
competition and is strongly encouraged to accompany the team to the competition, design reviews,
and other sessions required by the organizer. Reappointment of the institution advisor should be
informed to the competition secretariat at any time at the earliest possible date.
10.4 REGISTRATION
Each team is required to read and understand the competition criteria & guidelines. Each member
of the team, including the industrial mentor and institution advisor should be registered on the
website of GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022.
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10.5 DOCUMENTATIONS & PRESENTATIONS

This section will describe the required documents.
10.5.1 MISSION PROPOSAL

Each registered team shall prepare a proposal document that indicates the mission, objective, and
other related aspects for evaluation by the competition board. Please refer to Appendix A for the
guideline of the proposal.
The submitted proposal will be evaluated by the competition board and the selected teams will be
announced on the GerhanaSAT official website and informed by email and on the Telegram
Channel no later than 11th August 2022.
10.5.2 PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR)

The selected teams need to submit a Preliminary Design Review (PDR) document approximately
one (1) month after the proposal evaluation. All teams are required to submit a video
presentation with a maximum length of ten (10) minutes to help the competition board in
evaluating the work progress up to the PDR stage. Explanation and evidence on the current
work progress are required to be included in the video to demonstrate each team has
achieved significant progress in the preliminary design phase.
The document that will be submitted together with the video presentation, should be as specific
and complete as possible. Please refer to Appendix B for the PDR document outline guide. The
purpose of the PDR is for the competition board to make sure that each team understands the
requirements and is within the required progress to proceed to the next stage.
During PDR evaluation, elimination will be performed and the shortlisted team will be notified
through email and in the Telegram Channel not later than 8th September 2022.
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10.5.3 CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR)

Each shortlisted team will be given approximately one (1) month after the PDR evaluation and
shortlisted team announcement to complete their CDR document. All shortlisted teams are
required to submit a video presentation to help the competition board in evaluating the work
progress up to the CDR stage. Explanation and evidence on the current work progress is
required to be included in the video to demonstrate each team has achieved significant
progress in the critical design phase. CDR documents (softcopy) shall be submitted to the
competition secretariat no later than 4th October 2022. Please refer to Appendix C for the CDR
outline guide. Any updates will be mentioned on the Telegram Channel.
During CDR evaluation, final elimination will be performed and the shortlisted team will be
notified through email and on the Telegram Channel no later than 6th October 2022.
10.6 FINAL DEMONSTRATION

For the final demonstration of the GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022, each shortlisted finalist team will
have to use the GerhanaSAT Kit, provided by Independence-X Aerospace to solve the three
challenges. The final demonstration will be held at Space Technology Complex, MYSA, Banting.
10.7 FINANCIAL BUDGET

GerhanaSAT development cost will solely be borne by the participant. However, the total expenses
must not exceed RM1,500. The financial report shall be submitted during the demonstration day
for evaluation by the competition board.
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11 EVALUATION CRITERIA
The aspects of evaluation are divided into six (6) categories; which are:
Aspect of evaluation Points

Minimal Mission Requirements Mandatory
Mission Proposal 5
Preliminary Design Review 15
Critical Design Review 30
Final Demonstration 45
Social Media Posting 5
Total 100
Table 5 GerhanaSAT Challenge aspect of evaluation.
Each team shall follow all the minimal mission requirements and successfully achieve the
determined mission in order to win the competition. The decisions are at the complete
discretion of the competition board, and all decisions are final.
Important Note: GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 is an open category competition and each team
will be judged at the same level.
11.1 SOCIAL MEDIA POSTING

As part of the GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022’s goals to educate and raise awareness among the
public and students in STEM education, marks will be given to teams who post updates of their
team’s progress or content related to the competition on each team’s social media account in the
form of video, photos, infographics, etc.
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The suggested social media platforms are:
• Instagram
• Facebook
• Twitter
• Tik Tok
• Youtube
• LinkedIn
Each team has to send the details of each social media account to the organizer through email
(afiqmr@izmirtechindustries.com) for the organizer to check.
The requirements of each social media post are:
1) Must contain content related to the competition.

2) Must be posted from the team’s own social media account.
3) Must contain the related tags and hashtags which are mentioned below’s chapter.
The marks will be given based on qualitative and quantitative posts and are solely subjected to
the organizer’s discretion.
11.2 SOCIAL MEDIA POST TAGS AND HASHTAGS

Each social media post must contain the following tags and hashtags according to the social
media platform as listed below:
11.2.1 FACEBOOK
Tags:
@Independence X Aerospace
@Agensi Angkasa Malaysia - MYSA
@Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi (MOSTI)
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Hashtags:
#team-name #institution-name #GerhanaSATChallenge2022 #independencexaerospace
#mosti #mysa #MingguSainsNegara #satellitecompetition #STEM #GerhanaSAT_Kit
#satellitekit
11.2.2 INSTAGRAM
Tags:
@independencexaerospace
@officialmosti
@mysaangkasa
Hashtags:
#team-name #institution-name #GerhanaSATChallenge2022 #independencexaerospace #mosti
#mysa #MingguSainsNegara #satellitecompetition #STEM #GerhanaSAT_Kit #satellitekit
11.2.3 TWITTER
Tags:
@independence_x
@officialmosti
@MYSAagensi
Hashtags:
11.2.4 TIK TOK

Tags:
@officialmosti
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Hashtags:
11.2.5 LINKED IN
Tags:
@Independence-X Aerospace
@Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
Hashtags:
11.2.6 YOUTUBE
Tags:-
Hashtags:
12 AWARDS & PRIZES

Below are the awards and prizes to be won.
First Place RM12,000

Second Place RM5,000
Third Place RM3,000
Complimentary x3 RM1,000
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13 PRELIMINARY EVENT SCHEDULE

Below is the preliminary event schedule for reference. The updated event information can be
found on the GerhanaSAT website here.
Figure 25 GerhanaSAT Challenge general schedule.
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Figure 26 Competition flow chart.
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14 Appendix A:
MISSION PROPOSAL GUIDELINE
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MISSION PROPOSAL GUIDELINE
Please submit a 5 to 10-page proposal of your GerhanaSAT stage proposal written in report
writing format in PDF form. The purpose of the proposal is to show the competition board that
each team understands the requirements and is capable of implementing the required project
tasks according to the challenges.
14.1 MISSION PROPOSAL OUTLINE

The following outline of the mission proposal is expected to be used. Following this outline is
important to ensure fair and equal scoring by the competition board as to what is reported by
each team.
The outline also provides the team with a list of the information that is expected to be reported.
Wherever possible, simple diagrams and drawings should be used to convey concepts and design
details. This proposal should address, as explicitly as possible:
I. Title Page
Include title, date, team name, institution name, advisory name, industrial mentor name
and background, contact information, and team leader and contact information.
II. Executive Summary / Abstract
Provide an overview of your proposed project, briefly addressing all competition phases
according to challenges (design, build, testing, operations) and describing how you will meet the
challenge requirements.
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III. Project Technical Description
Describe the proposed technical approaches to comply with each of the requirements
specified according to the challenges. Legibility, clarity, and completeness of the technical
approach are primary factors in the evaluation of the proposals. Each team shall clearly describe
their mission definition and objectives. The preliminary design of the prototype must be described,
as well as the sensors and/or instrumentation to be used. A system block diagram showing major
system components and interfaces must be included. The operations approach of each challenge
must be addressed, including ground station operations, telemetry and telecommand operations,
rover operations and innovation operations. Present a proposed performance baseline
(measurement accuracy) that is consistent with the performance, scope, cost, and schedule
baselines for the project.
IV. Project Management / Personnel
Describe how your project team will be organized and managed. Describe duties and
responsibilities for team leader. Briefly describe the qualifications of the adviser and experience
level of each team member.
V. Laboratory Facilities
Briefly describe your laboratory capabilities and identify the work that will need to be
performed elsewhere.
VI. Schedule & Cost Estimates
Provide a preliminary schedule identifying major subtasks and project milestones. Provide
a preliminary cost estimate identifying material costs, external man hours and any external costs.
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IMPORTANT NOTE
Send your mission proposal document in report writing format in PDF form to Independence-X
Aerospace office (PIC Mr Afiq: afiqmr@independence-x.com), no later than Tuesday, 9th
August 2022. Acknowledgement of receipt of proposals is sent by email to the point of contact
listed on the proposal within 1-2 working days of the closing date. Late proposals will not be
entertained.
Selected proposals will be notified no later than Thursday, 11th August 2022 and shall be
announced on the GerhanaSAT official website here and the Telegram Channel.
EVALUATION CRITERIA
The principal elements considered in evaluating a proposal are its technical and programmatic
relevance to the GerhanaSAT Challenge competition, and the intrinsic scientific or engineering
merit.
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15 Appendix B:
PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW GUIDELINE
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PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR) OUTLINE
Each team needs to prepare the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) document to be submitted to
the competition board. The PDR documents and material must be submitted no later than 6th
September 2022.
The purpose of the PDR to the team is to:
• gauge the team’s understanding of the competition requirements;
• report the proposed preliminary design and how will the competition requirements is
met;
• report the proposed schedule and cost; and

• gauge the overall proposal and provide feedback if necessary.
15.1 PDR OUTLINE

The following outline of the PDR is expected to be used. Following this outline is important to
ensure fair and equal scoring by the competition board as to what is reported by each team.
The outline also provides the team with a list of the information that is expected to be reported.
Wherever possible, simple diagrams and drawings should be used to convey concepts and design
details.
I. Introduction
The introduction section shall include
• Team roster and roles – identify the team members, roles of each team member,
adviser and industrial mentor to the team.
• Report outline – provide an overview of the report.
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II. GerhanaSAT Overview (Mission & Objective)
The GerhanaSAT overview section is to provide an overview of systems-level attributes of

the prototype design and development. The overview section shall include:
• Mission overview – the missions based on the challenges must be stated clearly
together with the objective of the developed prototype.
• Requirements overview – the requirements overview section shall identify all design,
development, and performance requirements; whether levied by the prototype
competition or internally. Requirements shall be explicitly defined to demonstrate an
understanding of the requirements according to challenges. Identification of
requirements flow down for each requirement to major subsystems shall be included.
• Design overview – the design overview section shall provide a high-level overview
of the prototype (and ground system) design and operation. The overview should
include a high-level functional block diagram of the prototype system. This diagram
shall illustrate the major components of each subsystem, as well as, interconnections
between each subsystem. Details of the design and operations should be addressed in
appropriate subsystem sections of the presentation.
III. Payload Subsystem
The payload subsystem shall present the results of trade studies and analysis of the given and
additional sensor(s), motors and other components. How each sensor and payload component
is utilized shall be thoroughly explained. Trade studies or analysis of the selected sensor and
payload components should be explained.
IV. On-board Data Handling Subsystem
Onboard data handling subsystem shall present the preliminary design of the GerhanaSAT
software that operates on hardware located in the prototype (hence, flight software). It shall
include
• Design considerations and requirements – a list of the design considerations and/or

requirements driving the development of the prototype flight software shall be
presented.
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• Flight software – shall include a description of the software being implemented,

programming language(s), development environment(s), data rates and processor
loading(s). A high-level block diagram of the flight software should be presented.
Results of trade studies or analyses leading to the preliminary design should be
presented.
• Processor – results of trade studies and analysis (including the pro and cons of the
component (if any)) for the given processor shall be presented. A summary of data
rates and expected processor loading should be included.
V. Electrical Power Subsystem
The electrical & power subsystem shall present the preliminary design of the prototype
electrical & power system. The electrical & power subsystem shall include:

requirements driving the development of the prototype electrical subsystem shall be
presented.
• Electrical system block diagram – a high-level description and diagram(s) of the
electrical system shall be provided. These diagrams shall define major components
of the electrical system with the identification of component connections. Diagrams
should be accompanied by a list of components selected.
• Power system design – describe the preliminary design of the power system. Results
of trade studies or analyses of the preliminary design for the power system shall be
presented.
• Power budget – a preliminary power budget shall be provided. The power budget
shall list the power consumption provided to each subsystem and/or component and
margin allocations.
VI. Communication Subsystem
The communication subsystem – shall provide at a minimum, the communications

methodology, gross definition of data to be transmitted/received, (including bandwidth
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requirements), and best estimate of frequency selection. It shall also provide the type of
antenna that will be used to support the missions.
VII. Mechanical & Structural Subsystem
The mechanical & structural subsystem section shall present the preliminary design of the
prototype structure, materials, mass, and actuators. The mechanical overview shall report:
• Design considerations and requirements – design considerations and/or requirements

driving the mechanical/structural design of the prototype should be presented.
• Results of preliminary design & analysis - at a high level, explain the various designs
considered for the mechanical subsystem. Explain the advantages and disadvantages
of those designs supporting each design consideration with a preliminary analysis,
where appropriate.
• Mechanical & structural layout – the preliminary design of the technical & structural
system layout of the prototype shall be presented. This should include drawings of
the structure and component layout, and a list of materials and component selections.
• Preliminary mass budget – allocation of masses to the various subsystems and/or
components in a tabular form.
VIII. Integration and Test
The integration and test section discusses the system-level integration and testing of the
GerhanaSAT. This section shall include discussions of:

requirements driving the development of the GerhanaSAT integration and test shall
be presented.
• Systems integration and testing – a description of the methods, facilities, and testing
to be utilized to integrate the various subsystems and test the integrated GerhanaSAT
shall be presented which incorporates solving all three challenges
IX. Ground System
The ground system shall present the preliminary design of the ground system. This includes
any ground hardware and software utilized during the operations of the prototype. The
ground system section shall include:
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requirements driving the development of the prototype ground system integration and
test shall be presented.
• Ground system architecture – an overview of the ground system including hardware
and software selection. A diagram and list of the major ground system components
shall be presented and the results of analysis and/or trade studies leading to the
selection of the hardware.
• Ground software – a summary of ground system software and results of analyses
and/or trade studies leading to the selection of the ground software should be
presented. For developed software, the programming language(s) and development
environment(s) shall be discussed. Ground system software should include any
software necessary for data analysis.
X. Concept of Operations
The concept of operations section discusses the operation of the prototype to solve the three
challenges. This section shall discuss:
• Concept of operations – an overview of the final demonstration day sequence of

events shall be presented. A mission timeline presented as a table or diagram is
recommended.
• Data analysis – a discussion of how data analysis will be performed shall be
presented. This should include a list of data to be analysed and hardware and/or
software requirements for data analysis.
XI. Project Management & Resources
The project management & resources section shall present:
• Preliminary estimates of component, manufacturing, and service costs. Costs shall be

summarized for solving the three prototype challenges.
• The schedule overview section shall present the prototype development schedule.
The schedule shall include a list of major milestones, estimates of completion dates,
and required resources. For milestones completed by PDR, actual versus estimated
schedule performance shall be included. It is recommended that information be
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reported graphically (example: Gantt charts) or in a table.
XII. Summary
This section shall conclude the current development of the prototype.
IMPORTANT NOTE
Send your Preliminary Design Review document in PDF form and progress video in .MP4
format (maximum video duration: 10 minutes) to the Independence-X Aerospace office (PIC Mr
Afiq: afiqmr@independence-x.com), not later than Tuesday, 6th September 2022.
Acknowledgement of receipt of proposals is sent by email to the point of contact listed on the
proposal within 1-2 working days of the closing date. Late proposals will not be entertained.
Selected proposals will be notified no later than Thursday, 8th September 2022 and shall be
announced on the GerhanaSAT official website here and on the Telegram Channel.
*Note: The progress video could be shared through a link.
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16 Appendix C:
CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW GUIDELINE
Page 54 of 61

CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR) OUTLINE
Each shortlisted team needs to prepare the Critical Design Review (CDR) document to be
submitted to the competition board. Teams shall submit CDR document not later than 4th
October 2022. Documents shall be submitted in to the secretariat in PDF format.
The purpose of the CDR to the team is to:
• present details of the prototype design
• present requirement compliance
• present revised cost and schedule estimates
• provide an opportunity to receive feedback on the prototype design and development
16.1 CDR Outline

I. Introduction
The introduction section shall include:
• Updated team roster and roles – identify the team members including academic year,
roles of each team member, and faculty adviser to the team.
• Presentation outline – provide an overview of the presentation.
II. Prototype Design and Development
The Prototype design and development section shall include:
• Prototype requirements – shall identify all design, development, and performance

requirements (whether levied by the Prototype competition or internally) and flow -
down of requirements to the subsystems. A statement related to how the requirement
has been verified shall also be included. For requirements that have not been verified
by CDR, a statement as to when and how the requirement will be verified should be
made.
• Updated Prototype design – shall provide a high-level overview of the Prototype
(and ground system) design and operation. The document should include a high-level
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functional block diagram of the Prototype system. This diagram shall illustrate the
major components of each subsystem, as well as, interconnections between each
subsystem.
Details of the design and operations should be addressed in appropriate subsystem

sections of the presentation.
III. Payload Subsystem
The payload subsystem shall present the list of the selected payload components and how
each component will be utilized to solve the three GerhanaSAT challenges. The integration
of the sensors into the onboard computer shall be included.
IV. On-board Data Handling Subsystem
This section shall present the final design of the Prototype programming that operates on
hardware located in the Prototype. The document shall include:
• Updated design details and requirements – a list of the design considerations and/or
requirements driving the development of the Prototype integration and test shall be
presented.
• Summary of changes since PDR – a summary of changes made to the design since
the PDR shall be presented. Pertinent information and analysis results related to
changes should be discussed.
• Updated flight software details – the flight software shall include a description of the
software being implemented, programming language(s), development
environment(s), data rates and processor loading(s). A high -level block diagram of
the flight software should be presented. Results of relevant ana lyses should also be
presented.
• Flight software testing – shall describe how the flight software will be tested shall be
presented. This description shall include methodologies and required equipment or
facilities.
• Work to be completed – a summary of work remaining to be completed for the flight
software subsystem shall be presented.
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V. Electrical & Power Subsystem
The electrical & power subsystem shall present the final design of the Prototype electrical &
power system. The document shall include:
• Updated design details and requirements – a list of the design details and/or
requirements driving the development of the Prototype electrical subsystem shall be
presented.
• Updated electrical system block diagram – a high-level description and drawing(s)

of the electrical system shall be provided. These diagrams shall define major
components of the electrical system with the identification of component
connections. Diagrams should be accompanied by a list of components selected.
• Updated power system design – this section shall describe the final design of the
power system. Included in this discussion should be a functional diagram of the
power system with major components identified.
• Latest power budget – a final power budget shall be provided. The power budget
shall list the power consumption/provided to/by each subsystem and/or component
and margin allocations.
• Electrical & power subsystem testing – shall describe how the electrical subsystem
will be tested shall be presented. This description shall include methodologies and
required equipment or facilities. This should also include the results of tests
completed.
• Work to be completed – a summary of work remaining to be completed for the
electrical & power subsystem shall be presented.
VI. Communication Subsystem
Communication subsystem shall present:
• Updated design of the communications system onboard the Prototype. The
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transmit/receive frequencies, bandwidth and data rate requirements shall be provided.

• Communication subsystem testing – shall be described how the communication
subsystem will be test shall be presented. This description shall include
methodologies and required equipment or facilities. This should also include results
of tests completed.
communication subsystem shall be presented.
VII. Mechanical & Structural Subsystem
The mechanical & structural subsystem section shall present the final design of the Prototype
structure, materials, and mass system. This section shall present:
• Updated design details and requirements – design details and/or requirements driving
the mechanical & structural design of the Prototype should be presented.
• Mechanical layout – the mechanical layout of the Prototype shall be presented. This
should include drawings of the structure and component layout and a list of materials
and component selections shall be included.
• Latest mass budget – the mass budget shall include the allocation of masses to the
various subsystems and/or components in a tabular form.
• Mechanical & structural subsystem testing – an overview of mechanical &
structural subsystem testing shall be presented. This should include an overview of
the test methodologies, equipment, and facilities, as well as, a presentation of the
results of completed tests.
mechanical & structural subsystem shall be presented.
VIII. Integration and Test
The integration and test section shall describe the system level integration and testing of the
Prototype. This section shall include of:
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requirements driving the development of the prototype flight software shall be
presented.
• Summary of changes since PDR – a summary of changes made to the integration and
test since the PDR shall be presented. Pertinent information and analysis results
related to changes should be discussed.
• Systems integration and testing – a description of the methods, facilities, and testing
to be utilized to integrate the various subsystems and test the integrated prototype
shall be presented in solving the three challenges based on the requirements.
integration and test shall be presented.
IX. Ground System
The ground system shall present the final design of the ground system. This includes any
ground hardware and software utilized during operations of the GerhanaSAT. The section
shall include:
requirements driving the development of the GerhanaSAT ground system integration
and test shall be presented.
• Updated ground system architecture – shall describe the ground system including
hardware and software selection. A diagram and list of the major ground system
components shall be presented.
• Ground terminal hardware selection – a summary of the ground hardware
components and results of analyses and/or trade studies leading to the selection of the
hardware.
• Ground terminal software – a summary of ground system should be presented. For
developed software, the programming language(s) and development environment(s)
shall be discussed. Ground system software should include any software necessary
for data analysis.
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• Ground system testing – shall describe of how the ground system hardware and
software will be tested shall be presented. This description shall include
methodologies and required equipment or facilities.

ground system subsystem shall be presented.
X. Concept of Operations
The concept of operations section shall describe the operation of the prototype in order to
achieve the mission objectives. This section shall include:
requirements driving the development of the Prototype mission operations shall be
presented.
• Updated concept of operations – description of the launch day sequence of events
shall be presented. A mission timeline presented as a table or diagram is
recommended.
• Final Demonstration day roles and responsibilities – a revised list of roles and
responsibilities shall be presented.
• Contingency operations – a discussion of contingency preparedness shall be

presented. This shall include a revised list contingency to be prepared for and how
each will be addressed at the launch site.
• Data analysis – a discussion of how data analysis will be performed shall be
presented. This should include a list of data to be analyzed and hardware and/or
software requirements for data analysis.
mission operations shall be presented.
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XI. Project Management & Resources
The section shall present:
• Summary of the latest prototype budget which should include estimates/actual costs
of components, manufacturing, and services. Costs shall be summarized for both the
Prototype and ground segments.
• The prototype development schedule includes a list of all major milestones,
estimates and actual completion dates, and required resources. It is recommended
that information be presented graphically (Gantt charts, etc.) or in a table.
XII. Summary
This section shall conclude the current development of the prototype.
IMPORTANT NOTE
Send your Critical Design Review document in PDF form and progress video in .MP4 format to
the Independence-X Aerospace office (PIC Mr Afiq: afiqmr@independence-x.com), no later
than Tuesday, 4th October 2022. Acknowledgement of receipt of proposals is sent by email to
the point of contact listed on the proposal within 1-2 working days of the closing date. Late
proposals will not be entertained.
Selected Critical Design Review will be notified no later than Thursday, 6th October 2022 and
shall be announced on the GerhanaSAT official website here and the Telegram Channel.
*Note: the progress video could be shared through a link.
Page 61 of 61


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GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022

Competition Guideline Document

VERSION DESCRIPTION DATE

2.0 1. Updated the Acronyms & Abbreviations table in Section 2. 5/8/2022

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

2 TABLE OF FIGURE ............................................................................................................................... 5

6.1 TELEMETRY & TELECOMMAND CHALLENGE......................................................................... 16

6.2 ROVER DOCKING CHALLENGE ................................................................................................. 16

7.2 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 2 (ROVER DOCKING) REQUIREMENTS ................................. 21

7.3 GERHANASAT CHALLENGE # 3 (INNOVATION) REQUIREMENTS ......................................... 22

8 BONUS REQUIREMENT ..................................................................................................................... 23

8.1.1 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................... 23

8.1.2 PARACHUTE .......................................................................................................................... 23

8.1.3 PAYLOAD ............................................................................................................................... 25

8.2 DIY RF ANTENNA ......................................................................................................................... 26

8.2.1 REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................... 26

8.2.3 ANTENNA EXAMPLES .......................................................................................................... 27

10 COMPETITION RULES & REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................... 33

10.2 INDUSTRIAL MENTOR .......................................................................................................... 34

10.5 DOCUMENTATIONS & PRESENTATIONS .......................................................................... 35

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

10.5.2 PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW (PDR) ..................................................................... 35

10.5.3 CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW (CDR) ............................................................................. 36

10.7 FINANCIAL BUDGET ............................................................................................................ 36

11.2 SOCIAL MEDIA POST TAGS AND HASHTAGS ................................................................... 38

11.2.4 TIK TOK.......................................................................................................................... 39

11.2.6 YOUTUBE ...................................................................................................................... 40

14.1 MISSION PROPOSAL OUTLINE ........................................................................................... 44

EVALUATION CRITERIA ................................................................................................................... 46

PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW GUIDELINE .................................................................................... 47

16.1 CDR Outline ............................................................................................................................ 55

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

3 ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS

ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

The GerhanaSAT Challenge 2022 is designed to provide an immersive experience in satellite

4.1 GERHANASAT KIT

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

Figure 1 GerhanaSAT Kit

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

Figure 2 GerhanaSAT with fully deployed antenna.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

Figure 3 GerhanaSAT dimension size.

Figure 4 Ground Station Module.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

Figure 5 GerhanaSAT exploded view.

Figure 6 Ground Station Module exploded view.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

Figure 7 Example of communication between the ground station and GerhanaSAT.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

The main challenges are:

I. Telemetry & Telecommand Challenge

Figure 8 Hardware Progression timeline.

The electronic version is the official, approved document.

6.1 TELEMETRY & TELECOMMAND CHALLENGE

Figure 9 GerhanaSAT Challenge 1 Overview.