(xxiv) Current

. in a moving coil galvanometer,

. I= k�
NBA
.. . NBA
(xxv) C urrent sens1tw1ty of Galvanometer = -- . "
k
(xxvi) Voltage sensitivity of Galvanometer = NBA .
kR
fxxvii) Shunt required to convert galvanometer into ammeter,
JgRG
rs =
(I - lg)
(xxv.iii Resistance required to convert galv.anometer into voltmeter,
V
R = - -Ro
Ig
What is what ? B = Magnetic Induction in T, I = Current in A, dl = Small element
in m, r = Distance from element in m, R = Radius of loop.in ·m,
x = Distance from loop �n m, M = Dipole Moment in A m2 ,
N = Number of turns, A = Area of coil in m2 .
n number of turns per unit length, µ0 = absolute penneability in
=
TmA-1, B Magnetic flux density in Wbm-2 or T, I= current in A
F is measured in newton, q in coulomb, u in m s-1 and Bin Wb m-2
or tesla (T).
Fis the force measured in newton, Eis the electric field in N c-1, Bi-s
magnetic field in Wb m-2 or tesla (T}, 'U is drift velocity in m s-1; q is
chargein- coulomb, m is mass in kg, r is radius in metre, vis frequency
in Hz and T is time period· in second.
· F is, force i1:, newto!l, 11 • and I2 �re currents in. ampere, d_ -is distanc� ·.
in metre. · •• · ·
➔ ➔
0 is the angle between l and B, F is measured in N, B in tesla.,
l in metre and I in ampere.
0' is the angle made by the plarie of 'the coil with the direction of
magneti� field, 0 is the angle between magnetic field and normal to the
coil, m is magnetic moment of coil.
'tis measured in Nm, Bin tesla, I in ampere, min A m2 and A in m2 •
[ is current in ampere, Bis magnetic field in tesla, A is area in m2, R
is resistance in ohm, k is constant in Nm per degree, V is pot-ential
difference in volt ; rs and Ro are resistance in ohm.
Important Value : P-0 = Absolute permeability = 41t x 10-7 T m A-1, 1,1,o = 41t x 10-7 ·
Wb A-lm-1

1. A conductor carries a current of 90 A in the

East to West direction. Find the magnetic field
due to the current at a point 1•5 m below the
conductor ?
S0lUTION:
I = 9OA
X = 1·5 ID
I= 90A
W
+ s
E

/
I By symmetry, magnetic field intensity at 0
due to each arm will be same. Moreover,
:. Magnetic field at O due to the given wire
= 9 -426 X 10-6 T
the direction of magnetic field at O due to Ans.
each arm of the square is same , The magnetic field is directed into the plane
�g STEP 1. :. Nit mag,,ttic field at O due to of the paper. Ans.
current carrying square, SkoRT CUT Mdnod
B = 481
= 4 X 3·�4 X 10-5 T B = ( µo ) 18. = 1 x
?
:-7 x 3 ( 1t / 2)
.
or B == 1·42 X 10-4T Ans. 4n R. 5 x.10-2
6. A wire carries a C11rrent 3 A and consists of a = 9·426xl0-6 T Ans.
circular arc of radius 5 cm and central angle
1t/'l rad, and the two straight sections intersect 7. A straight wire carrying, a current of 12 A is
at the centre fl the arc when produced. Calculate bent into a semi�circular arc of radius l•O cm.
the magnetic fteld at the centre of the arc. as shown in figure. (i) What is the direction
SoluTio111. and magnitude of magnetic field (B) � the centre
The wire is divided into three sections : (i) the , of the.arc ? (P. S. 2:n. 2008 (C)>
straight section at th� left (ii) the straight
. section at the right and (iii) the semicircle.
� STEP 1. We know, Magnetic field due to a
current '""""' is given by
(ii) Would the. answer change if wire is bent in
d _ � Idlsin9 th
. e oppos(te way ? (C• .B.S.E.Sample)
B
- 4n ? SoluTioN.

-�
'' ,. ,,,
(i)The wire is divided into
(a) the straight section to
three sectio.ns
the left (b) the
' r
" 90° / straight section t.o the right and (c) circular
'../'v" arc.
V

For the straight sections,. 8 = 0 � STEP i. Magnetic field due to a current

➔ ➔ c-arrying element at a point is given by
(i.e. angle between I 41 and r )
0 Idl sin ij
dB = µ
dB _ µ0 Id{ sin_O _
- 0 4n ,:Z.
. l - 47t
,,. ➔ ➔
:. Magnetic field at point O due to both the. , In the given case, angle between d l and r
strai�t sections is ZERO. for qie strpight sections is 0° or 11;. SQ sin 0
� STEP 2. Now ,tfllgnetic_fu,ld due to a circular =sinn = 0
coil at its centre is Hence magnetic field at the centre (0) of the
"A-= fJo 2nl arc due to straight sections is ZERO.
� 4,r R . � STEP 2. Magnetic field at the centre due
:. Magnetic field at O due to quarter-circle is to current carrying semi-circular section is

.!. - _!_ x µo 2nl = �Lo . 1tl

B. = _!_ x µ 21tl = x µo nl
o B
4 41t R 2 41t R 2 41t r 41t r

10-? X 3·142 X 3
..:.
-= 10�7 2X x3 ·10·;142. .�X 12�
1
>'.g ·
2 X 5 X 10 2
t.'r , .. = 1·89 x l0
.
-4 T,:...., z,.. Ans_.
= 9•426 X J0-6 T Jt+\

-
 ----� ----�

ml STEP 2. Net magnetic field B = B8 -:-- BA

= (91t X 10-4) - (41t X _t0-4)
= 51t X 10-4
= l ·6 � 10-3 T towards West. Ans.
I

/t P(x,y)
I -----
I
11. A part of inf"mite long wire carrying current I
is bent into a circle of radius r as shown in /·: I
figlll'e, Calculate the magnetic field at the centre
of the circular loop.

ill
X

.. ►
(U.P.S.E.A. T. 2002)
®
SoluTioN. l-vfagnetic field at P due to c.urrent carrying
The magnetic field at the centre of the circular wire@,
loop is the vector sum of the magnetic fie1d
due to the infinite long wire and the circular
portion of the wire.
I½ = ( µo
4n
)2!. (al�ng - z-axis)
X
Magnetic field at O due to the infinite long Since, magnetic field is zero at P. therefore
wire. B1 = B2

1t
r
B 1 = 4µo ( 21) 1n
. the upward ct·Irectlon.
. or(E.Q_)E_ =
4n y
(..&i...)E_
4n x
Magn�tic field at d due to the circular loop. or X = y

2 1 Therefore, the locus is a straight line passing

B2 = :�{ ; ) in the upward direction. through a point at the intersection of both
the wires which subtends an angle of 45 °
:.Net magnetic field at O = B2 + B1
=
J:Q_ 2nI
( )
+ �(.3.!..) with the x-axis.
13. Two small identical circular coiJs marked 1, 2
4n r 4n r �arry equal currents and are placed with their
geometric axes perpendicular to each other as
0·
= .µ 1 (7t + 1) in the upward direction. shown in the ragure. Deri:ve an expression for
2 rcr the.resultant magnetic field at 0.
12. Two �y long, thin and insulated wires lie (C.B.S.E. 2008)
in the x-y plane alon g x-axis and y-axis
respectively. The curr.ertt in each wire is I flowing
along x-wds and y-axis res pectively. Determine
the locus or a point in this plane,· where the
magnetic field is zero.
SoluTioN.
-Let P(x, y) be the point, where the magnetic X
field due to the both mutually perpendicular
current carrying wires A and Bis zero.
Magnetic field �t P due to current carrying
I ' I
wire@, B 1 = (::): (�long +z..:ax.is) i
 16. Find the expression for the magnetic field at 0
due to the current I through a conductor of the
shape shown in figure.
B1 = ( ) ;;
:� (down ards)
�
SoluTioN. Magnetic field at O due to the curved portion cd,
Magnetic field at O due to the straight parts
of the con,ductor is zero. Magnetic field at 0 B2 = ( �� ) �� , · (µpwards)
! due to the curved portion a/J, Magnetic field at O due to the c)lrved portion ef,
\!
0 B3 = ( : ) : '. ' (�o�wards)
\
\ :. Net magnetic field at 0, B =. - B1 + Bi -B3
= �� � [ - � + � - I] = : ( �: ) �
65 ( µ4:-)
,� IRa
(downwards)
=

·:: [.�!,#{��)lW.��1f;�: �i,�i.�&'.�}f}}}l?;:J: }\{\:itJ�i\l!{t�tflWflf;\i@;�tttr,,: . ":/:./;:;:ffitlrnl?��: �[�fflf�tt

17. A solenoid is 2 m long and 3 cm in diameter. It = 21t X (25·5 X 10-2)
has Slayers of winding of 1000 toms each and = 51 x 10-2 1t m
carries a current of 5 A. What is the magnetic
field at its centre? (P.S.E.B.)
SoluTioN.
Magnetic field at the centre of a solenoid is
· given by,
µ0NI
B
l
= (41t X 10-7 >( S X �()()O) x 5
= 1·57 X 10-2 T Am�
18. A toroid of 4000 turns has outer radius of
4000
:. Number of tumsJunit length, n
26 cm and inner radius of 25 cm. If the current
in .the wire is 10· A, calcuJat,e the magnetic field Field· in a toroid is given by B = !Jolll ·" ·
of the to�oid and also in the. inner air space of
the toroid.
SolUTioN,
·= 41t X 10-7 X ( ,· 4000 . ]'
51 x 1O-2n
X .10 ..
.
Mean radius of toroid r = 3· 14 x 10-2 T Ans.
25 + 26
= · = z5.5 x 10-2 m
= 25 · 5 cm Field in the air space bounded by the toroid
2 is zero because the field exists inside the
Length of toroid l � 21tr envelope of the winding o_f the toroid. �-
,,,It.wt� Juiii!l•.,_:)1itn,;1�re�i;¥tt�M@nirni$%{tttrfr@e
{
/':. ?: ·;'.i.
19. An electron is moving at lo' m s- 1 in a direction SoluTioN.
panillel to a current of 5 A flowing through an 2µ0· 1 ·
infinitely long stra.ight wire separated by a Using- R = quB • where B•=--·-.
perpendicular distanct of 10 cm in air. Calculate
the magnitude of force experienced by the
electron. (C.B.S.E.) =>
 II

23. A 2 MeV proton is moving perpendicular to SoluTioN,

uniform magnetic field of 2·5 tesla. What is the I
magnetic force on the proton ? (mass of proton mu2
= 1-6 X 10-27 kg} euB =--
r
SoluTioN.
mu
K.E. = 2 MeV = 2 x 1·6 x 10-13J r =-
eB
1
or - mv2 3·2 x 10-13 J
'\J

2
= (a)
- 'mp p
'P - ,.eB
rP = mp'U p

'e me'U e

= 2 X 3 · 2 X 10-lJ Since
.'i = 1840.
me
1 · 6 X 10-27
= 2 x 107 m s-1 !P... = 1840. Aus.
Now, ,nagnetk force on the proton,
'e

F = evB 'P -( m,uP)

= 1 Ans.
= 1 ·6 X 10- 19 X 2 X 107 X 2·5 .
. (b)
Te meve
=
8·0 X 10- 12 N Ans.
(c) Since K.E .•
24. A magnetic fteld of 5·0 x 10 T just balances a
-'

perpendicular electric fldd of 15 kVm- 1 iD their 2

effect on an electron beam passing through the K =J!._ or p =J2mK
2m
two fields in a direction perpendicular to both
of them. What is die speed of the electrons ? . .J2mK
: . From (l) r = --­
SoluTioN. eB
Fe eE and Fm = euB
=
Since Fe = Fm
eE = euB
. E 1j,
or u = - or = .J1840 = 42·89 ·
B re
Her�. E = 15 kvm- 1 = 15 X 103 vm- 1 26. An electron of kinetic energy 25 keV mov
perpendicular to the direction of a unifo
B. = 5·0 X J0-4T magnetic field of 0•2 miUitesla. Calculate
15 X 103 time period of rotation of the electron in t
:. Speed, 'U = 5 · 0 X 10--4 magnetic field. (C.B.S.E.
SoluTioN.
= 3·0 x 107 m s-1 Ans. Here B = 0·2 mT = 0·2 x 10-3
25. Calculate the ratio of the radii of the paths
when an electron: and a proton enter at right = 2·010-4 T. X

angles to a uniform magnetic field with same Time of rotation of electron in the magne .
field is given by
(a) velocity (b). momentum and (c) K.E. Given
21t1n
T =-
mp = 1840. eB
me Here m = 9·1 x 10-:-31 kg,
. .
. . ..
. .. '

L
 I or r =
l · 67 X 10-27 X (4 X 166 )
5•i2 X 10-l3 . ,
2
Tfnil
eyij = ..;..._,_...,
: . r.
= 5·22 � 10�2 m = 5·22 cm - eBr-; · x fo-i ·. '.. , , ·-3 x· 6 • 2
.."',, M ==�=== . l • '

(ii) Pitch of the helkal p.aih = · 'l{x >< 2"1tr .. .'> .

1 •.

m
Vy = 7 •,ll X, 10, 7 m.i-· 1
' .

, 6 2
= . s x2x3-·142x5.•22xl0-
2x10 .,.N;,,OW ICE. -:;; .. eV., or -1 m'U2: == eV >

� 2
4 X 106
= 0·16 m V'= m�!.�= 9 � ro- � (7 · 11 �/0 )
31 7 2
Ans. rn

.30. A wetotron's oscillat,or frfi!,queacy, is AP Mlfz. . 2,e, . . ,, cl, X 'J • § X 10:-

. �*' · , ... "'--=e '1t42 .. ,x 1o+vo1t · • '· •
,. W* BhO'lild be 1lle &,-.athlg ..lil\µ� fi�la .fot
· ,:accderatiQg protons ? If radius of its ij�es is- �l. � �c.l�on afte; being .�cel�rated tlird;gll'
20 cm, what is the K.E. of the proton· beam po.t�ntial ditTe�ce o_t JOO V enters a unifo·
p,-odueed by the accelerator ? (e= 1 ·6 x 10-19 C, magnetic fiel.� of 0'·004 T perpendiculu to i
ml' - 1·67 x 10-27 kg, 1 MeV = 1·602xlo-13J) direction-.of motion. Calculate the l'.Bdius of pa
(C.B.S.E. 2005) descdbed by the electron. , (C.B. s. E.
SoluTioN.
SolurioN ..
Here. v = 10 MHz = 10 x 10 6 = 107 Hz l . 2 or v = 2�V
, eV = -m:u
✓
e = l ·6 x 10-19 C ,· 2
mfJ = l ·67 X 10-27 kg mu2
Again -- = evB
r = 60 cm = 0·6 m r
qB 2nmv r =� = �J2eV · 2�
(i) Using v = - -, we get . B = or =
2 nm q Be Be m Be
2 X 3•14 X J •67 X 10-27 X 107 31 19
T:- Jix( 9·1�10- )x(l-6Xl0- )xl00
OJ' -
1·6x 10 -19
:....
0:·004¼(1·6x10-19)
·
= 0·66 T -� Ol' 4, -, · 7"'= 8!43 X 10- 3 m
....282 2 � 8·43 t:m:n
i
•· ,;::- ,,, A
(ii) -K.E. = q · r 33. An electr.on· moYing with a speed_ of 108 m s
2m -ers 1,magnetic field of S x 10-3 T in a�
19 )2 (0-66)2 X (0 -6)2 �rpendi(uJar to the fiel(l. Calculate (i) ndi
(1·___
= ....;....
6 X 10-__;,.--"-----'----==-.....:..___;;.._ ot the 1>a.th and (ii) fteguency of "l'ev.oJidion
2 X 1 · 67 X 10�27 .the<d�t'Qti..
= 12·02 X 10-13 J SoluTioN.

12•02 X 10-1'3 = -·
m,t1,:--
7·5 MeV Ans · 1"�,
.r,., R'�;e
. �iB.
e'l;l
= l · 602 x 10....rn =. r
31. An elettroll travels in a circular path of radius
20 an in a magnetic field of 2x10-3 T. GaJcUlate
- ,. · :;:: m� ..• (1
. eB ,
the speed of the electron. What is t}!e �tentia}
difference through which the electron must be Now ,.,/1.11 "�:-.rJ.�':X 10-'3.i'-Q.
,, *.
aeceJerated tQ acquire thJ� ·s.peed ?
"'J" t
... t- �

� ,, 'U ::;;; '1A8 }J. m s-1 ,

(C.B.S.E.)
SoluTioN. .· e ::,: 1 •6 X l0-19 C
B. - ;:: s'. x 1 o-3 r./: .
B = 2 X 10-3 T .,. l.

r = io-cn;i = 0·2 m 9 xio --�1 x108

• 1l
:. radiut, r· = 1 · 6 xt
e = 1 ·6 x 10-19 C, o::.i� Q<5 )(10-3
m = 9 X 10-3 1 kg == 0·11lm·· ;''
 37. A long straight wire XY carries a current of3•0 A.
A proton P travels at.2 x to' m s-1 parallel to the B = 1 o-7 x 2 x 3 = 4 x 1 o-6 T
wire as shown in the f"igure, 0· 15 m away from it. 0 ·15
Find the magnitude and direction or the force The direction of the magn eric field is
which magnetic field �xerts on the proton. perpendicular to the plane of the paper and
y in the inward direction.
1J
The force acting on tl:\e moving proton due
to magnetic field B is given by
I= 30
A1------
F = q u B sin 9.
0·15 m
➔ ➔
P
ere, perpendicular to �
X � �
SollJTioN,

Magnetic field due to the long straight wire Here, q = e = 1 · 6 x 1o- 19. C
· at-a-distance-.x from the wire is given by v = 2 x 106 m s- 1

B =(ft)�.
41t X
and B
F
= 4 X 10-6 T
= 1 · 6 x 1 o-9 x 2 x l 06 x 4 x 1 o-6
.,
.Here, I = 3·0 A, x = 0·15 m = 1~•28 X 10- 18 N
The direction of the force is towards the wire.
-�f�i��ii
. ��i»Ifiwif ,m�fo:nilfil :��diaia)���� lfili.�\f:�iti?ilf�f�?��;l�}:i.ttf��tJf/\}�}lill}���}Jttl�t tfr
_38. The wires which connect the battery of an Since current in both. the wires flows in
automobile to its starting motor carry a current opposite direction, so the force is repulsive.
of 300 A (for a short time). What is the force per -- Ans.
· unit length ..betw�n the wir�, if the),.-are.70 cm
. ":.- · · lo�g an(J 1 •�·cm 11parl· '1 ls, t!ie· force
. . 11ttractjve or : · 39.. Along coo(Juct-or of�ength·l�Sm isplaoo�·p�allel
(P.S.E.B'., )
+ .' • • •,

· rep�siv.e. 1 : ··. ·.. ' to· a.'short . �onductor. of length· 5 cm ne� jt:s
·soluTiON. centre. The · conductors are carrying turrents
3 A and 4 A respectively in the same direction.
Force per unit length is given by Calculate the total force experienced by the short
conductor, when the distance between them is
� µo ( 211�2 ) 0•03 m? (P.S.E.B. 2008)
F 41t d SoluTiON,
11 = 12 = 300 A,
r = l ·5 cm= 1 ·5 X 10-2 m i 5cm 4A
0·03 m -
7
10- X 2 X 300 X 300 t l·Sm 3A
F. = 1 · 5 X 10-2
= 1 ·2 N m-1 Force/unit length on short cenductor due to
long conductor
F = µo X 2 1 2
1 1
d
7
41t
70 .;ru = 10- X 2 X 4 X 3 = g X l0-5 N
(3 X 10-2)
Total force on short conductor and also on long
tj conductor
 I
SoluTioN.
The straight. wire hangs in the air as shown
i.e., Weight of wire =- Force acting on current
c,,trrying wire due to magnetic field
in the figure, ·· · ·
= .. B=�
..
i.e., Mg Bil
Il
Here, M = 100 g = O· 1 kg,
f Mg g = 9·8 m s-2
•··., ,. When the wire is in air, its w.eight (Mg) acts I = 2A, l == 2 m
vertically downward. The wire remains in
air at rest if the weight of the wire is balanced B
O-lx9-8
2 X2
�--
0-98
4
by the force acting on it due to magnetic
field:
= 0·245 T Ans.

44. A coil of 10 turns and area S cm.2 has a magnetic 45. A coil of radius 8 cm and 18 turns is suspended
moment of 4 x 10--& Am2 and experiences a in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 1 T
maximum torq _ ue of 2 x t0-8 Nm when placed such that the magnetic field makes an angle of
in a unifonn magnetic fie,l.d. CalC1llate the current 60 ° with the norm·a1 to the coil. Find the torque
(I) in the coil and magnetic induction.
SoluTioN. acting on the coil when a current of 10 A passes
through.the coil.
, Maximum Torque,
SolurioN.
trnax = NBIA ... (1)
Given m = NIA = 4 x 1o- 8 A m2
4 X 10-S B
I =
NA
Now A·= 5 cm2 =
N = 10
4 X 10-8
Torque acti�g on the coil
I = 10 X 5 X 10- 4
= 8 X 10-6A 't = NBIA sin 0 = NBI (1tr2) sin 0

From eqn. (1), = 18 X 1 X 10X(3·14X 8 X 10- 2 X

2 X 10-8
'tmax
8 X 1 Q-2) sin 60 °
B = NIA = 4 X 10-8 = 18 X 10 X 2·01 X 10-2 X 0·866
= O·S T Ans. = 3·126 N rn Ans.

'='?���:w.i:=���::������'.�n,r.���������==:=:·':' ,��'. :i,;��::�,��;;�,,:=- :=-�;:;, i,:; f:ii��,;�;�;,; ;: :�; :;: ; ;:.:�;; ; :;i;�_; : :; : ;½;:;c;;;.; �,;,:;.; ; ffl�¥:,.,_.
1 0

46. A rectangular coll of area 0·0005 m1 is to rotate Here, N = 90,

about one of its vertical sides. The coil has 90
turns and is in a radial horizontal field of 8 = 60 x io-4 T,
60 x to -4 T. H a current of 0·20 x 10-3 A I = 2·0 x 10-4A
produces a deflection of
7t
radian� calculate the
10
A = 0·0005 m2 • ¢ = 18 °
torsional constant for the coil.
90 X 60 X 10-4 X 2 · 0 X 10 -4 X 0-0005
SoluTioN. We know th�t :. k =
18
. k�. NBIA = 3 x 10-9 Nm per degree. Ans.
= or-'k =
I NBA 4>
 II
51. A galvanometer of 24 ohms resistan�e can carry
a full load of 500 µA. If it is shunted by a
Ro = 12-0 n
resistance of 3 ohm, how much current can this R = lO -12
system carry now without damage? (H.S.E.B.) 2 · 5 X 10-3
SoluTioN. rs = 1aR a
= 3988 0
So meter can be converted into voltmeter by
I - Ig
connecting 3988 n resistor in series to the
R meter.
I - lg = lg G :. I = lg(l + a )
R
or Net resistance of voltmeter
's rs = R + RG = 3988 + 12 = 4000 fl Ans.
Here lg = 500 µA = 500 x 10 A-6 53. Why is a voltmeter of resistance 10000 Q giving
= 5 X 10-4A reading of 4 V used here instead of an ammeter ?
- Ro = 24 n. rs = 3 n 4V

2
I = 5 x l o-4 (l + : ) 120V�c::::Q
= 45 x 10-4 A= 4500 µA Ans. SoluTior..
52. A galvanometer with a resistance of 12 .0 gives When voltmeter is in series with resistance R,
full sea.le deOection for a current of 0·0025 A.
What is the net resistance of the meter when it
total resistance of circuit Ry = · 10000 + R
is converted into an ammeter to read 7·S A and V 120
also when it is converted into a voltmeter to
Current .m the circmt,
. . I = -- = ----
RT IOOOO+R
read 10 V?
SoluTioN. Potential difference across ·voltmeter= Ru x I
120
l g RG = 10000 ( )
X l0OOO+R
I-l
g 120
Here. lg = 2·5 X 10'"'3A or 4 = 10000
x l0000+R
I ;,c,: 7·5 A, Ro = 12·0 Q (Reading of voltmeter is given as 4 V)
2·5x10-3xt2·0 or 10000 + R = 30 x 10000
R = 29 x 10000 = 290 kO Ans.
=
rs 7 · 5 -2 · 5 x 10-3 or
An ammeter has very low resistance as
= 30 X 10-3 30 X 10-3 compared to voltmeter. The circuit current
7 · 5 -0 · 0025 7 · 4975 is very small because of very high resistance
= 4 x 1 o- n = <}004 n
3 (R) therefore the reading of the ammeter will
So meter can be converted into ammeter by be too small to be measured whereas potential
connecting 0·004 n resistance in parallel to difference across the volnneter is sufficient
the meter. to be meas-qred.
Since Ra and rs are in parallel to each other, 54. The coil of. a galvanometer is 0·02 x 0·08 m2•
.so net resistance Rn, is given by It consists of 200 turns of fine wire and is in a
magnetic field of 0·2 T. The restoring torque
l 1 '1 constant of the suspension fibre is 10-6 Nm per
=--+-
R,1 Ro rs degree. Assuming the magnetic field to be radial,
(i) What is the maximum currcut that can be
or ·Rn = Rors = 12 X 0·004 measured by this galvanometer, if the scale can
Ra+ rs 12 + 0·004 accommodate 30° deflection ? (ii) What is the
smallest current that can be detected, if' the
or Rn = 0-003999 n Ans.
minimum observable deflection is 0· l O ?
V
Using R = - - Ra when SoluTiON.
lg (i) If Im is the maximum current measured by
V = 10·0 V, lg = 2·5 niA the galvanoineter then
= 2·5 X 10- 3A NBAl111 = kem