Lesson I

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San Roque, Sogod, Southern Leyte

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INTRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING
TO AND
LEARNING I
ICT-I
AARON D. ESPINAS,
MTE
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Introduction to
Information and
Communication
Technology
(ICT)
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LESSON 1 - OVERVIEW ON ICT
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the learners should have:

1. Demonstrated knowledge on the history of ICT;
2. Defined information and communication technology;
3. Identified the relevance of ICT in our lives and society; and
4. Differentiated the roles of ICT professionals.
DISCUSSION
History
The term "information technology" evolved in the 1970s. Its basic concept, however, can
be traced to the World War II alliance of the military and industry in the development of
electronics, computers, and information theory. After the 1940s, the military remained the
major source of research and development funding for the expansion of automation to replace
manpower with machine power.
Since the 1950s, four generations of computers have evolved. Each generation reflected
a change to hardware of decreased size but increased capabilities to control computer
operations. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used
integrated circuits, and the fourth used integrated circuits on a single computer chip. Advances
in artificial intelligence that will minimize the need for complex programming characterize the
fifth generation of computers, still in the experimental stage.
The first commercial computer was the UNIVAC I, developed by John Eckert and John W.
Mauchly in 1951. It was used by the Census Bureau to predict the outcome of the 1952
presidential election. For the next twenty-five years, mainframe computers were used in large
corporations to do calculations and manipulate large amounts of information stored in
databases. Supercomputers were used in science and engineering, for designing aircraft and
nuclear reactors, and for predicting worldwide weather patterns. Minicomputers came on to the
scene in the early 1980s in small businesses, manufacturing plants, and factories.
In 1975, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed microcomputers. In 1976,

Tandy Corporation's first Radio Shack microcomputer followed; the Apple microcomputer was
introduced in 1977. The market for microcomputers increased dramatically when IBM
introduced the first personal computer in the fall of 1981. Because of dramatic improvements in
computer components and manufacturing, personal computers today do more than the largest
computers of the mid-1960s at about a thousandth of the cost.
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Computers today are divided into four categories by size, cost, and processing ability.
They are supercomputer, mainframe, minicomputer, and microcomputer, more commonly
known as a personal computer. Personal computer categories include desktop, network, laptop,
and handheld.
What is ICT?
ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communications Technology- is a

compound term, which represent three important concepts i.e. information, communication and
technology. While Information may be viewed as anything that we come in contact with directly
or indirectly which can add to our existing knowledge. Communication refers to the transfer or
exchange of information from person to person or from one place to another. It is also the
transfer of information, ideas, thoughts and messages through a channel that is understood by
both the sender and the receiver. Technology on the other hand, is anything we use to enhance
or facilitate doing what we normally do. It is a body of knowledge used to create tools, develop
skills and extract or collect materials. Hence, technology refers to things like computer,
telephone, cell phone, GSM handsets, television, etc.
Furthermore, ICT is the integration of information processing, computing and

communication technologies. ICT is changing the way we learn, work and live in society and are
often spoken of in a particular context, such as in education, health care, or libraries. A good
way to think about ICT is to consider all the uses of digital technology that already exist to help
individuals, businesses and organizations use information. ICTs are used to transmit, store,
create, share or exchange information. These technologies include radio, television, video, DVD,
telephone (both fixed line and mobile phones), satellite systems, computer and network
hardware and software, as well as the equipment and services associated with these
technologies such as videoconferencing and electronic mail (email).
ICT and its relevance
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products are all around us, especially
computers and mobile devices, and most people cannot live without these gadgets as they have
all become tools for communication and work. However, so little is known about how these
devices work and who designs and develops the systems.
What makes ICT the most familiar stranger?
The reasons could be because of our own perception of whether ICT is important or
otherwise. Also, is the subject given the emphasis it deserves in our schools?
Many countries realise the relevance of ICT in today’s new age era which is why it is a
subject throughout the years of study from kindergarten right up to Year 12. Countries like the
United Kingdom and Australia, realise the importance of ICT and expose their school-going
youth to ICT. In the science stream, most students tend to choose the more secure subjects such
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as biology, physics and chemistry and not many students go through proper ICT lessons before
joining college or university.
Information Technology (IT) emphasises on the storage, retrieval, process and discovery
of meaningful information.
An example would be a local supermarket that sells groceries to the local community.
The cashier or point of sales system that scans the bar code and processes the bill is an IT
product. The inventory system that records the quantity of all groceries is an IT product.
Different Roles
The job scope is never clear-cut in the ICT world as ICT graduates can participate in
different roles in the overall development of a system. In a banking system for example, a
system analyst will study the user requirement of a banking system, which includes banking
transactions. A software engineer designs the step-by-step computational process for making a
transaction. A programmer develops components of a banking system according to the software
engineer’s design and the customer’s requirement from the system analyst. A web developer
designs and develops the web interface for users to make the transaction. A systems engineer’s
job scope is to configure hardware platforms and settings for web servers that run the
transactions. He or she has to know how the transaction is stored and how the servers
communicate with each other although these are parts of the database administrator and
network engineer’s job. The project engineer oversees the development process so that the
system is developed on time. Finally, the executive manages multiple projects developed by
different teams of IT professionals.
The facts above will hopefully help change the public view of ICT professionals and their
role in various aspects of communication and systems that affect our everyday life. There
should be more emphasis in schools for students to start learning the basics of ICT at a younger
age, to encourage their interest in this field, and to nurture potential talents in the country.
INTRODUCTION
TO FOR TEACHING
TECHNOLOGY
ICT I AND FOLLOW US HERE:
LEARNING I

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MAIN CAMPUS

San Roque, Sogod, Southern Leyte

LESSON 1 - OVERVIEW ON ICT

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the learners should have:

In 1975, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed microcomputers. In 1976,

ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communications Technology- is a

Furthermore, ICT is the integration of information processing, computing and

ICT and its relevance

What makes ICT the most familiar stranger?

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