DATABASE

 COLLECTION OF INTERELATED/RELATED DATA

RELATIONAL DATAMODEL

 DATA ARRANGED/ORGANIZED IN TABLE FORMAT(ROWS+COLUMNS)

 RELATION-------->TABLE

 TUPLE----------->ROW

 ATTRIBUTE------------>COLUMN

 CARDINALITY---->NO OF ROWS(TUPLE)

 DEGREE----------->NO OF COLUMNS(ATTRIBUTES)

 DOMAIN------->POOL OF VALUES FROM WHICH ACTUAL VALUES TO THE TABLE ARE

DRAWN

 VIEWS--->DOESN'T ALREADY EXIST+ CREATED AT THE TIME OF QUERY

DATABASE KEYS

PRIMARY KEY

 UNIQUELY IDENTIFY TUPLES

 ONLY ONE PER TABLE

 UNIQUE VALUES
CANDIDATE KEY

 ELIGIBLE TO SERVE AS PRIMARY KEY

ALTERNATE KEY
 CANDIDATE KEYS OTHER THAN PRIMARY KEY

FOREIGN KEY

 NON KEY ATTRIBUTE

 VALUES DRAWN FROM PRIMARY KEY OF SOME OTHER TABLE

DBMS
 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 CREATE , MODIFY AND ORGANISE DB IN COMPUTER
 EG:MYSQL,ORACLE MS ACCESS

SQL

 STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE

 ACCESS AND CREATE DB IN RELATIONAL DATA MODEL

SQL DATATYPES
 INT---->NEGATIVIE AND POSITIVE NUMBERS---->[-2,789,999,000 TO 2,789,999,000 ]
 FLOAT/DECIMAL---->DECIMAL VALUES---->
*** DECIMAL (7,2) -->TOTAL 7 DIGITS + 2 AFTER DECIMAL POINT
 CHAR---->STRING+ NOS---->
*** CHAR(10)----->TOTAL 10 CHARACTERS
*** FIXED COLUMN WIDTH
 VARCHAR---->STRING+ NOS---->
*** VARCHAR(10)----->TOTAL 10 CHARACTERS
*** VARIABLE COLUMN WIDTH(ACC TO LENG OF DATA STORED)
  DATE------>YYYY/MM/DD
 TIME---->HH:MM:SS

SQL COMMANDS
DDL COMMANDS
 DEFINE DATABASE AND TABLE STRUCTURE
 EG: CREATE, DROP,ALTER ETC

COLUMN CONSTRAINTS
 CHECK--> MARK DECIMAL(5,2) CHECK (MARK>90)
 DEFAULT--> MARK DECIMAL(5,2) DEFAULT 0
 NOT NULL-->MARK DECIMAL(5,2) NOT NULL
 UNIQUE-->GUARDIAN VARCHAR(25) UNIQUE
 PRIMARY KEY-->ID INT PRIMARY KEY
 FOREIGN KEY-->DID INT FOREIGN KEY
CHANGING PRIMARY KEY
FIRST DROP PRIMARY KEY
 ALTER TABLE STUDENT DROP PRIMARY KEY;
THEN ASSIGN NEW
 ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD PRIMARY KEY (PHNO);

DML COMMANDS
 MANIPULATE,MANAGE DATA IN DB
 EG: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ETC

INSERTING DATA INTO A TABLE

 INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(1,’JOHN’,’9895’,’1999/12/09’);

OR

 INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES(1,’JOHN’,NULL,’1999/12/09’);

OR

 INSERT INTO STUDENT (ADMNO,NAME) VALUES(234,’CS’);

SELECTING/FETCHING DATA FROM A TABLE

 SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE; [* ---> ALL ROWS]

 SELECT ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE;

 SELECT JOB, ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE;

 SELECT DISTINCT JOB FROM EMPLOYEE; [REMOVES DUPLICATE VALS FRM
COL]

 SELECT ENAME AS EMPLOYEE FROM EMPLOYEE; [DUPLICATE NAME FOR COL]

 SELECT ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE AS E; [DUPLICATE NAME FOR

TABLE]

 SELECT ENAME, 'WAS JOINED ON', HIREDATE FROM EMPLOYEE; [MSG BTN
COL]
SELECTING/FETCHING DATA ACCORDING TO A CONDITION[>,<,>=,<=,!
=]
 SELECT ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SAL>500;

 SELECT ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JOB='SALESMAN';

 SELECT ENAME,JOB FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DEPTNO!=20; [<>]

SELECTING/FETCHING DATA ACCORDING TO MULTIPLE CONDITIONS[OR, NOT,

AND]
 SELECT ENAME,JOB FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DEPTNO!=20 AND
HIREDATE>='1991/04/04'; [OR, NOT, AND]

 SELECT ENAME,JOB FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE NOT HIREDATE>='1991/04/04';

 SELECT EMPNO,ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE COMM IS NULL;

[CHECKING NULL VALUES IN A COL]

 SELECT EMPNO,ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE COMM IS NOT NULL;

SELECTING/FETCHING DATA FROM A POOL OF VALUES

 SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DEPTNO IN (10,100,30,40);

 SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DEPTNO NOT IN (10,100,30,40);

SELECTING/FETCHING DATA FROM A RANGE OF VALUES

 SELECT ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SAL BETWEEN 500 AND 1000;

 SELECT ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SAL NOT BETWEEN 500 AND 1000;

 SELECT ENAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE HIREDATE BETWEEN '1990-01-01' AND

'1993-12-31' ;

SELECTING/FETCHING DATA ACCORDING TO A STRING PATTERN

 SELECT JOB FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ENAME LIKE 'a%'; [NAMES STARTING
WITH A]

 SELECT JOB FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ENAME LIKE '%a'; [NAMES ENDING
WITH A]

 SELECT JOB FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ENAME LIKE '%a%'; [NAMES CONTAINING
A]
 SELECT JOB FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ENAME LIKE '_a%'; [SECOND CHARA
SHOULD BE A]