(CANDIDATE = PLEASENOTET PRINT your rest cope 02120010 FORM TP 2019211 |iosomyscuitindquieaton MAY/UNE 2019 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, UNIT 1 Paper 01 T hour 30 minutes 05 JUNE 2019 (p.m.) READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1 This test consists of 45 items. You will have 1 hour and 30 minutes to answer them. 2. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. 3. Donot be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this test. 4, Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. 5. Onyour answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below. Sample Item ‘The interaction of plants and animals with ‘components such as air and water defines Sample Answer (A) abiome @®e® (B)__abiosphere (© anccosystem (D) _ anecological niche ‘The best answer to this item is “an ecosystem”, so (C) has been shaded. 6. Ifyou want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in your new choice. 7. When you are told to begin, turn the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If you cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You may return to that item later 8 You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer items. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. —_—__ Oe Copyright © 2018 Caribbean Examinations Council1 3. -2- Which of the following processes describes 5, the ability of an organism to live in harmony or conformity with its environment? (A) Evolution (B) Speciation (©) Adaptation (D) Natural selection What is the name given to the transitional zone that separates different ecosystems? (A) Niche (B) Habitat (C) _— Ecotone (D) Borders Which of the following is NOT a limiting factor in the process of photosynthesis? (A) Water (B) Oxygen (©) Carbon dioxide (D) Available minerals Which of the following are components of the hydrosphere? 1 Seaice I. Soil II. Tropical rain storms (A) Land ILonly (B) Land IIT only (C) Mand [if only (D) i. Wand itt ‘A species with a narrow niche is called a (A) generalist (B)_—camivore (©) specialist (D) _saprotroph ‘The community formed by lichens and mosses, which initially inhabits an exposed rock surface, is described as (A) climax (B) pioneer (©) secondary (D) ecological tem 7 refers to the following table. Site_| Species Diversity i 0.15 1 0.25 ii 0.40 Vv. 031 Based on the data in the table above, which sitehas the GREATEST ecosystem stability? @ 1 @) © mW @) WwW GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEItem 8 refers to the following population growth curve. T s Population 7 size Q Pp Time combinations correctly represents the growth phases in the graph? PQ QR RS (A)_| Exponential growth phase [Lag phase: Stationary phase (B)_[ Lag phase Stationary phase Exponential growth phase (©_[ Stationary phase Exponential growth phase _| Lag phase (D) [Lag phase Exponential growth phase _| Stationary phase Biotic potential is the 10. Acertain type of marine worm lives in shells, occupied by hermit crabs. When the crabs (A) lifespan of individuals in a feed, the worm comes out to share the meal. ‘This relationship is an example of population (B) ability ofa population to increase in size (A) mutualism (©) continuous decrease in the size of a (B) parasitism population (©) commensalism (D) _ relationship between the number of (D) intraspecific competition births and deaths in a population GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE11, Which of the following BEST illustrates the process of evolution? (A) A lizard’s colour becomes brown as it sits on a log. (B) A plant loses its leaves in a drought. (©) A population of frogs increases as ‘more prey becomes available, (D) A population of mosquitoes develops resistance toa pesticide Item 12 refers to the following pyramid of ‘numbers. 140 12, The percentage of primary consumers in the ecosystem is (A) 0.08% (B) 19.05% (C) 28.57% @) 44.44% 13, 14, Predation can be of benefit to the prey because it I. M1 (A) (B) © @) limits the population growth due to environmental resistance selectively removes the weak, very ‘old and very young from the prey population helps to control the prey population and I only and III only Mand Ill only 1, Mand mt Item 14 refers to the following information. A student sampled the number of organisms ina garden. The results are shown in the table below. ‘Garden Community Species _[ Abundance 1 25 2 10 3 40 4 15 What is the species diversity of the garden? (a) (B) © @) 0.03 0.19 0.29 031 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE15, 16. v7. 18. <5. tem 15 refers to the following results, which were obtained by students who investigatd the density stribution of a species of plant in a grassy field using a 1 m? quadrat, Quadrat Throw Species [1 2 3 4 3 | 6 7 8 9 | 10 A 9 0 1 3 4 2 1 0 5 ‘The mean density of Species A in the field, in plants/m?, is (A) 2.60 (B) 3.00 © 325 @) 3.30 Developed countries have a greater dependency ratio because of 1. lower birth rates, Il. aging populations TIL. greater levels of imports (A) Land II only (B) Land Mf only (©) Mand Ill only (D) 1, Mand ‘Although flooding of a river is potentially dangerous to humans, it is equally beneficial because it (A) washes away garbage downstream (B) replenishes nutrient levels in flood plains (©) provides a supply of water for domestic purposes (D) provides an abundant supply of water for irrigation The following diagram represents a human population Births (B) TOTAL Deaths (D) Immigration) ~~ | POPULATION | ———*"_ Emigration (&) ‘The equation which represents an unchanged population over a period of tim (A) B+D=I+E (8) B+E=D+I (© B=DtEtT (D) BHI=D+E GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE19. 2. Which of the following is true of developed countries? (A) They have high fertility rates. (B) _Theyhave shorter life expectancies. (©) Their women tend to be ‘emancipated, (PD) They have very high infant mortality rates, ‘The population growth rates in developing countries is higher than those in developed countries because developing countries often have 1. ahigh fertility rate TL, lower infant mortality II, reduced access to family planning (A) Land It only (B) Land Il only (©) Mand Ml only (D) I, Mand ttt ‘The TOTAL annual production of goods and services within an economy is referred to as the (A) annual productivity index (API) (B) gross national product (GNP) (©) __ per capita produet (PCP) (D) gross production index (GP) Birth rates! Death rates 2. ‘Item 22 refers to the following diagram of the demographic transition model. ‘Total population BiageT Stage? Stage 3 Stage 4 Time “The increase in total population size between Stages 2 and 3 is MOST likely caused by (A) improvements in health care (B) an increase in family planning (C) an increase in the level of education (D) improvements in the country’s infrastructure GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,24. 28, Original freshwater lens Freshwater quifer ‘The diagram above illustrates the process of (A) desalination (B) salt water intrusion (C) salt water extrusion (D) fresh water intrusion Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor that affects the distribution of populations? (A) Animal and plant life (B) Temperature (©) Fertile soil (D) Water Which of the following is considered to be the major environmental problem because it aggravates all other environmental problems? (A) Airpollution (B) Global warming (©) Ozone depletion (D) Human population growth Depleted fres 26. 27. ‘Sea water seeps upwards Which of the following is the BEST example of the efficient use of natural resources? (A) Strip mining (B) Recycling paper (C) Cleaning up oi spills (D) Using paper bags instead of plastic bags If the annual growth rate of Country X is 2%, then the doubling time, in years, for Country X is (A) 35 years (B) 0 years (©) 105 years (D) 140 years GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE30. 31. 32, Item 30 refers to the following graph, which shows population doubling time for selected countries: hl Kenya USA Canada Denmark ‘Country 1 L Which ofthe following statements, based onthe graph is correct? (A) Iraq has a doubling time of 27 years. (B)__ Kenya has a doubling time of 30 years. (©) Canada has a doubling time of 117 years. (D) Denmark has a doubling time of 233 years. sto the intensive search for compounds of medicinal value in Which of the following terms refer ised for such purposes? organisms that were not previously w (A) Biopiracy (B) _Bioproduction (© Bioprospecting (D) _ Biopersistence ‘Natural resource’ is BEST defined as (A) the earth’s processes that sustain life (B) materials that man produces for his own use (©) useful materials and energy that are found in the environment (D) solid materials used for building structures such as roads GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEVv 33. 34. 35. 36. -10- Which of the following conditions isNOTa 37, requirement for corals to thrive? (A) (B) (©) Warm water (D) Soft surface ‘A country wants to construct a new airport. Before this is done, detailed research is undertaken toassessthe likely environmental effects ofthis project. Which natural resource management tool BEST describes this approach? 38. (A) Lup @) EIA (©) NEAP (Dp) SPAW Which of the following economic instruments deseribe the money obtained 39- for returning a soda bottle? (A)__ Incentives (B) Penalties (C) Taxes (D) User fees Which of the following activities is emphasized in the Ramsar Convention? (A) _ Protecting wetlands (B) Emitting greenhouse gases (©) _ Preventing pollution from ships (D) _ Threatening species with extinction Measures used in the conservation of natural resources include I. physical eonversion of vegetation and land I tne use of appropriate technology II sustainable yield management (A) Land I only (B) Land II only (© _ Hand Ill only (D) Mand tll following is a renewable Which of the natural resource? (A) Gold (B) Beach (C) Forest (D) Bauxite Which of the following is MOST likely fo ain in a forested region that has recently been cleared by cutting? (A) The concentration of nutrients in ‘streams running through the re- gion will increase. (B) The average depth of topsoil will increase, (C) The water temperature in streams running through the region will decrease. (D) The volume of runoff after rains will decrease. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEVv 40. 41. a. oie Items 40-41 refer to the following diagram 43, which shows a wetland ecosystem Coral reefs ‘The vegetation labelled Il is MOST likely 44 (A) algae (B) sea grass (C) sea moss (D) mangrove Which vegetation type in the wetland eco- system helps in water regulation? (A) Algae (B) Seagrass 45. (©) Seamoss (D) Mangrove Which of the following contributes to the protection of rare, threatened or endangered species? (A)__ Restoration (B) Transformation (C) Rehabilitation (D)__Insitu conservation END OF TEST Which of the following are threatened bY tne breakdown of calcium carbonate o7e aoe cr containing higher revels of JiMe carbonic acid? (A) Wetlands (B) Coral reefs (©) Mangroves (D) Seagrass beds £ zoos is to conserve endangered species by captive breeding. tege hoped that offspring from such programmes will be reintroduced into the Mild. This is an example oF One of the roles 0 n (A) exsitu conserv' (B)__insitu conservation, (©) __ botanical conservation (D) _ zoological conservation “The West Indian manatee is an endangered ‘Some fishermen hunt the manatee its meat to supplement their income. speci and argument to use t0 Which is the BEST top this practice? convince fishermen to st Manatees have an intrinsic right to life. (B) Manatees serve important ecological functions. Fishermen could charge tourists for guided tours to see manatees. Fishermen's children and grandchildren may never see a ‘manatee if the manatees become extinct. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.