1 SOLID STATE

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Classification of Solids Ans. (a)
1. Amorphous substances show Sol. Molecular solid is a solid composed of molecules held
together by the vander waals forces. e.g. ice.
(1) Short and long range order
6. Solid CO2 is an example of
(2) Short range order
(a) Molecular crystal (b) Ionic crystal
(3) Long range order
(c) Covalent crystal (d) Metallic crystal
(4) Have no sharp M.P.
(a) 1 and 3 are correct (b) 2 and 3 are correct Ans. (a)
(c) 3 and 4 are correct (d) 2 and 4 are correct Sol. Solid CO2 is molecular solid, a kind of crystalline solid
Ans. (d) 7. Mostly crystals show good cleavage because their atoms,
ions or molecules are
Sol. Amorphous solids
(a) Weakly bonded together
•ordered but short range (b) Strongly bonded together
• they don't have m.p. (c) Spherically symmetrical
2. Amorphous solids are (d) Arranged in planes
(a) Solid substance in real sense Ans. (d)
(b) Liquid in real sense Sol. Crystalline solids have sharp cleavage due to regular ar-
(c) Super cooled liquid rangement.
(d) Substance with definite melting point 8. Glass is
Ans. (c) (a) Microcrystalline solid (b) Super cooled liquid
Sol. Amorphous solids are pseudo-solids and also super (c) Gel (d) Polymeric mixture
cooled liquids. Eg :- glass Ans. (b)
3. Crystalline solids are Sol. Super cooled liquid
(a) Glass (b) Rubber 9. In graphite, carbon atoms are joined together due to
(c) Plastic (d) Sugar (a) Ionic bonding (b) Vander Waal's forces
Ans. (d) (c) Metallic bonding (d) Covalent bonding
Sol. Crystalline solids are true solids. Eg:- NaCl, Glucose, sugar, Ans. (d)
etc Sol. C atom property of joining together called catenation and
4. A crystalline solid bond between them are covalent
(a) Changes abruptly from solid to liquid when heated Crystal System and Bravais System and Analysis of Cubic System
(b) Has no definite melting point 10. A crystal plane makes intercepts 2a, 2b and 3c on the
(c) Undergoes deformation of its geometry easily crystallographic axes where a, b, c represent the intercepts
(d) Has an irregular 3-dimensional arrangements of the unit plane. The Miller indices of the plane will be
Ans. (a) (a) 223 (b) 332

Sol crystalline solids have sharp melting points (MP), so 111 111
(c) (d)
change rapidly from solid to liquid when their MPs 332 223
occur. Ans. (b)
5. Which of the following is a molecular crystal
Sol. Miller indices--- ( 1/2 , 1/2 , 1/3 )
(a) SiC (b) NaCl
(c) Graphite (d) Ice
 SOLID STATE 2

multiplying by 6 Empirical formula = AB3

Miller indices--- (3,3,2) 15. Copper crystallizes in fcc with a unit cell length of 361 pm.
11. The number of spheres contained (i) in one body centred What is the radius of copper atom ?
cubic unit cell and (ii) in one face centred cubic unit cell, is (a) 109 pm (b) 127 pm
(a) In (i) 2 and in (ii) 4 (b) In (i) 3 and in (ii) 2 (c) 157 pm (d) 181 pm
(c) In (i) 4 and in (ii) 2 (d) In (i) 2 and in (ii) 3
Ans. (b)
Ans. (a)
Sol. a 361
Sol. r   127 pm
Unit Atoms at Atoms at Atoms Total no 2 2 2 2
Cell corner faces at of atoms 16. The edge length of a face centered cubic cell of an ionic
centre per unit substance is 508 pm. If the radius of the cation is 110 pm,
cell the radius of the anion is
bcc 8 ×1/8=1 0 1 2 (a) 288 pm (b) 398 pm
fcc 8×1/8 = 1 6×1/2=3 0 4
(c) 618 pm (d) 144 pm
Ans. (d)
12. The number of atoms or molecules contained in one body Sol. In fcc lattice,
centered cubic unit cell is Given a = 508 pm, rc = 110 pm
(a) 1 (b) 2
508
(c) 4 (d) 6  110 + ra =  ra = 144 pm
2
Ans. (b) 17. An alloy of Cu, Ag and Au is found to have copper
Sol. No. of atoms per unit cell in BCC constituting the ccp lattice. If silver atoms occupy the
edge centre and gold is present at body centre, the alloy
= 8 × 1/8(corner) + 1(centre)
has a formula
=2 (a) Cu4 Ag2 Au (b) Cu4 Ag2 Au
13. Number of atoms in the unit cell of Na (bcc type crystal) (c) Cu4 Ag3 Au (d) CuAgAu
and Mg (fcc type crystal) are, respectively
Ans: (c)
(a) 4, 4 (b) 4, 2
Sol:
(c) 2, 4 (d) 1, 1
Ans. (c)
tom Arrangement Contribution
Sol. No of unit cell atoms in BCC = 2
Cu CCP 4
No of unit cell atoms in FCC = 4 Ag edge centre 12×1/4
14. An ionic compound has a unit cell consisting of A ions at Au edge, centre 1
the corners of a cube and B ions on the centres of the faces
of the cube. The empirical formula for this compounds
would be formula – Cu4Ag3Au
(a) A3B (b) AB3 18. A compound is formed by elements A and B. This
crystallizes in the cubic structure when atoms A are the
(c) A2B (d) AB
corners of the cube and atoms B are at the centre of the
Ans. (b) body. The simplest formula of the compounds is
1 (a) AB (b) AB2
Sol. Number of A ions per unit cell = 8  1
8 (c) A2B (d) AB2

1 Ans. (a)
Number of B ions per unit cell = 6  3
2
 3 SOLID STATE

Sol.
Sol. A B
Atom at Atom at Atoms at Total 1 1
8 5
corner faces centre (B) 2 2
(A)
1 0 1 2 Formula of compound - A2B5
8  1 22. If the number of atoms per unit in a crystal is 2, the structure
8
of crystal is
(a) Octahedral (b) Body centred cubic
Simplest formula is AB (c) Face centred cubic (d) Simple cubic
19. In a face centred cubic arrangement of A and B atoms Ans. (b)
when A atoms are at the corner of the unit cell and B atoms Sol.
of the face centres. One of the A atom is missing from one
corner in unit cell. The simplest formula of compound is Unit Atoms Atoms Atoms Total no. of
(a) A7B3 (b) AB3 cell at at at of atoms
corner faces centre per unit
(c) A7B24 (d) A7/8B3 cell
Ans: (c) bcc 8×1/8=1 0 1 2
Sol. for fcc arrangement fcc 8×1/8=1 6×1/2=3 0 4
sc 8×1/8=1 0 0 1
(A) (B)
Atoms at corner Atoms at faces
(one A is missing)
7×1/8 = 7/8 6×1/2 = 3 23. Percentage of free space in cubic close packed structure
and in body centred packed structure are respectively

ratio - 7 : 24 (a) 30 % and 26% (b) 26% and 32%

Simplest formula will be A7B24 (c) 32% and 48% (d) 48% and 26%
20. In a cubic structure of compound which is made from X Ans. (b)
and Y, where X atoms are at the corners of the cube and Y
at the face centres of the cube. The molecular formula of Sol. The packing efficiency in a ccp structure = 74%
the compound is Percentage free space = 100 - 74 = 26%
(a) X2Y (b) X3Y Packing efficiency in a body centred structure = 68%
Percentage free space = 100 - 68 = 32%
(c) XY2 (d) XY3
24. In fcc lattice, the neighbouring number of atoms for any
Ans. (d)
lattice point is
Sol. for f.c.c arrangement
(a) 6 (b) 8
Atoms at corner (x) Atoms at faces (y)
(c) 12 (d) 14
1 1 Ans. (c)
8  1 6  3
8 2
Molecular formula is XY3 Co-ordination Str. Example
r+/r
21. In a face centred cubic lattice, atom A occupies the corner no. of cation
positions and atom B occupies the face centre positions. If
one atom of B is missing from one of the face centred points, 0.414 - 6 fcc NaCl,
Sol. 0.732 KCl, RbF
the formula of the compound is
(a) A2B (b) AB2
(c) A2B2 (d) A2B5
Ans. (d)
 SOLID STATE 4
25. In a compound, atoms of element Y form ccp lattice and
those of element X occupy 2/3rd of tetrahedral voids. The
formula of the compound will be
(a) X4Y3 (b) X2Y3
(c) X2Y (d) X3Y4
Ans. (a)
Sol. Number of Y atoms per unit cell in ccp lattice (N) = 4
cubic close packing (ccp) = fcc
Number of tetrahedral voids = 2N = 2×4 = 8
28. The two dimensional coordination number of a molecule
2rd in square close packed layer is
Number of tetrahedral voids occupied by X  of the
3 (a) 4 (b) 2

2 16 (c) 3 (d) 6
tetrahedral voids   8 = Ans. (a)
3 3
Hence, the formula of the compound will be
X 16 / 3Y4  X 4Y3
26. The total volume of atoms present in face-centred cubic
Sol.
unit cell of a metal is (r is atomic radius)

20r 3 24r 3
(a) (b) CN = 4
3 3
For two dimensional structure.
3 3
12r 16r Space occupied = 52.4% of available space.
(c) (d)
3 3 29. For the structure of solid given below if the lattice points
Ans. (d) represent A+ ions & the B– ions occupy all the tetrahedral
Sol. In case of a face-centred cubic structure, since four atoms voids then coordination number of A is
are present in a unit cell, hence volume

4  16
V = 4   r3  =  r3
3  3
Packing in Solids and Type of Voids
27. In ccp arrangement the pattern of successive layers can
be designated as (a) 2 (b) 4
(a) AB AB AB (b) ABC ABC ABC (c) 6 (d) 8
(c) AB ABC AB (d) ABA ABA ABA Ans: (d)
Ans. (b)
Sol. B– occupy T – voids = 2 × atoms per unit cell
Sol. ABC ABC ABC
Unit cell = FCC
Atoms per unit cells = 4
So, co-ordination no. of A = 8
 5 SOLID STATE
30. A solid A+B– has the B– ions arranged as below. If the A+
ions occupy half of the octahedral sites in the structure.
The formula of solid is

(a) AB (b) AB2 large cube is original fcc and smaller cube is an imaginary
cube inside the large cube.
(c) A2B (d) A3B4
There are 8 smaller cube in a bigger cube and each
Ans. (b) having one void. In fcc there are four atoms so the no. of
Sol. A+ occupy half of octahedral site effective tetrahedral void in a unit cell is double the no. of
effective atoms in that unit cell.
B– = face centre + corner
32. Which of the following statements is not true about the
octahedral site = no. of atoms of unit cell, voids?
so Oh sites = 4 in case of fcc, then A=2 (a) Octahedral void is formed at the centre of six spheres
which lie at the apices of a regular octahedron.
1 1
B– = 6   8   4 (b) There is one octahedral site for each sphere.
2 8
(c) There are two tetrahedral sites for each sphere.
formula = A2 B4  AB2
(d) Octahedral voids are formed when the triangular voids
31. In ABC ABC packing if the number of atoms in the unit in second layer exactly overlap with similar voids in the
cell is n then the number of tetrahedral voids in the unit first layer.
cell is equal to
Ans. (d)
(a) n (b) n/2
Sol. Whenever a sphere of second layer is place above the
(c) n/4 (d) 2n void of first layer, a tetrahedral void is formed these voids
Ans. (d) are called tetrahedral voids because a tetrahedral is formed
when the centres of these four spheres are joined (T
Sol. No.of effective tetrahedral voids = 2 x no. of effective voids). The void ‘a’ are double triangular voids, the trian-
atoms gular void in second layer are above the triangular voids
in the first layer and the triangular spaces of these voids
do not overlap. One of them has the apex. Of triangle
pointing upwards and other downward. Such voids are
surrounded by six spheres and are called octahedral void.

So statement (d) is not true

 SOLID STATE 6

Radius of Ratio
r
 0.414 to 0.732
 rc  r
33. If the value of ionic radius ratio   is 0.52 in an ionic

 ra  37. In A+ B– ionic compound, radii of A+ and B– ions are 180
pm and 187 pm respectively. The crystal structure of this
compound, the geometrical arrangement of ions in crystal is
compound will be
(a) Tetrahedral (b) Planar
(a) NaCl type (b) CsCl type
(c) Octahedral (d) Pyramidal
(c) ZnS type (d) Similar to diamond
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)
rc Sol. Limiting radius CN Shape ex
Sol.  0.52
ra
r
ratios x 
r r
 0.414 to 0.732  Octahedral
ra x < 0.155 2 Linear BeF2
34. The maximum radius of sphere that can be fitted in the 0.155<x< 0.225 3 Planar triangular AlC3
tetrahedral hole of cubical closed packing of sphere of 0.225<x< 0.414 4 Tetrahedron ZnS
radius r is.
0.414< x< 0.732 6 octahedron NaCl
(a) 0.732 r (b) 0.414 r
0.732 <x< 0.996 8 Body center cubic CsCl
(c) 0.225 r (d) 0.155 r
Ans: (b) Here in given statement.
r r + / r- = 180/187 = 0.96256 = CsCl type
Sol:  0.414 r
R Some important ionic crystals
r = radius of tetrahedral void 38. In which compound 4 : 4 coordination is found

R = radius of atom of unit cell. (a) ZnS (b) CuCl

(c) AgI (d) All of these
rNa  Ans. (a)
35. In NaCl lattice the radius ratio is =
r Sol. Types of ionic solid
Cl 

(a) 0.225 (b) 0.115

(c) 0.5414 (d) 0.471
Ans (c)

r
Na 
Sol. Paulings rule explains (first rules)  0.5415
r
Cl 

36. For an ionic crystal of the general formula AX and

coordination number 6, the value of radius ratio will be
(a) Greater than 0.73
(b) In between 0.73 and 0.41
(c) In between 0.41 and 0.22
(d) Less than 0.22
Ans. (b)
Sol. For co-ordination No - 6
 7 SOLID STATE
AgI-crystallises in body-centered cubic structure which Imperfection in Solids
has the silver centers distributed randomly between 6 43. Schottky defect in crystals is observed when
octahedral, 12 tetrahedral and 24 trigonal sites (a) Density of crystal is increased
39. Which of the following statements is not true about NaCl (b) Unequal number of cations and anions are missing
structure from the lattice
(a) Cl– ions are in fcc arrangement (c) An ion leaves its normal site and occupies an interstitial
site
(b) Na+ ions has coordination number 4
(d) Equal number of cations and anions are missing from
(c) Cl– ions has coordination number 6
the lattice
(d) Each unit cell contains 4NaCl molecules
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
Sol. Schotlky defect occurs when equal no of cations and an-
Sol. Statement that Na+ ions has co-ordination number 4. Is
not true. ions are missing from the lattice.
44. Schottky defect in crystals is observed when
40. In CsCl structure, the coordination number of Cs is + (a) an ion leaves its normal site and occupies an interstitial
–
(a) Equal to that of Cl , that is 6 site
(b) Equal to that of Cl–, that is 8 (b) few cations are missing from the crystal
(c) Not equal to that of Cl–, that is 6 (c) equal number of cations and anions are missing from
the crystal
(d) Not equal to that of Cl–, that is 8
(d) few anions are missing from the crystal.
Ans. (b)
Ans. (c)
Sol. CsCl is a body centred crystal
Sol. Schotlky defect occurs when equal no. of cations and
Cs -- body centre (1)
anions are missing from places in ionic lattices.
Cl --- corner (8 ×1/8= 1)
41. An AB2 type structure is found in 45. Which defect causes decrease in the density of crystal
(a) NaCl (b) CaF2 (a) Frenkel (b) Schottky
(c) Al2O3 (d) N2O (c) Interstitial (d) F-centre
Ans: (b)
Ans. (b)
Sol. CaF2 has AB2 type structure in which Ca2+ ions have
fcc arrangement and F- ions are present in all the
tetrahedral voids. Sol.

42. The unit cell of a NaCl lattice

(a) Is body centred cube (b) Has 3Na+ ions
(c) Has 4NaCl units (d) Is electrically charged
Ans (c)
Sol. Cl -occupy corners and face centres and Na+ occupy
octahedral voids in fcc crystal.
So, Effective formula = Na4Cl4
Co-ordination No. of Na+ = 6
Co-ordination No. of Cl-= 6

a
Distance between nearest neighbours =
r
Na   r Cl  
2
 SOLID STATE 8
(equal No. of C+, C– are missing) Sol. Density remains unchanged (2+ dislocation of ion)
= Schottky defect causes  in density of crystal.
50. The correct statement regarding F-centre is
46. In a Schottky defect, (a) Electron are held in the voids of crystals
(a) an ion moves to interstitial position between the lattice (b) F-centre produces colour to the crystals
points (c) Conductivity of the crystal increases due to F- centre
(b) electrons are trapped in a lattice site (d) All of these
Ans. (d)
(c) some lattice sites are vacant
Sol. Farbenzenter  meaning colour
(d) some extra cations are present in interstitial spaces.
The anion may be missing from its lattice site leaving
Ans. (c) electrons behind so that charge remains balanced.
Sol. In Schotlky effect some cations and anions are missing  conductivity | e- s 
from their sites.
51. If a electron is present in place of anion in a crystal lattice,
47. In a solid lattice the cation has left a lattice site and is then it is called
located at an interstitial position, the lattice defect is (a) Frenkel defect (b) Schottky defect
(a) Interstitial defect (b) Valency defect (c) Interstitial defect (d) F-centre
(c) Frenkel defect (d) Schottky defect Ans. (d)
Ans. (c) Sol. F-centre is defined as when centre of anionic vacancy
Sol. In Frenkel defect, cation left their place and occupy inter- occupied by electrons.
stitial state. This phenomenon is responsible for color of subtances.
52. What type of crystal defect is indicated in the diagram
48. Alkali halides do not show Frenkel defect because shown below ?
(a) cations and anions have almost equal size Na+ Cl– Na+ Cl– Na+ Cl–
(b) there is a large difference in size of cations and anions. Cl– Cl– Na+ Na+
(c) cations and anions have low coordination number Na+ Cl– Cl–, Na+ Cl–
(d) anions cannot be accommodated in voids.
Cl– Na+ Cl– Na+ Na+
Ans: (a)
(a) Frenkel defect
Sol. Alkali halide do not show Frenkel defect because, size of (b) Schottky defect
cation and anion are almost equal therefore cannot fit in (c) Interstitial defect
interstitial site. (d) Frenkel and Schottky defects
Ans.(b)
49. What is the effect of Frenkel defect on the density of ionic Sol. When an atom or ion is missing from its normal lattice site,
solids? a lattice vacancy is created. This defect is known as
(a) The density of the crystal increases. Schottky defect. Here equal number of Na+ and Cl- ions
are missing from their regular lattice position in the crystal.
(b) The density of the crystal decreases.
So it is Schottky defect.
(c) The denisty of the crystal remains unchanged.
(d) There is no relationship between density of a crystal
and defect present in it.
Ans. (c)
 9 SOLID STATE

53. Zinc oxide loses oxygen on heating according to the (c) Ferroelectricity (d) Anti-ferroelectricity
reaction, Ans. (b)
Sol. Piezoelectricity is when polar crystal is subjected to
heat 1
ZnO   Zn 2   O2  2e  mechanical stress, electricity is produced.
2
57. On heating some polar crystals, weak electric current is
It becomes yellow on heating because produced. It is termed as :
2+
(a) Zn ions and electrons move to interstitial sites and F- (a) piezoelectricity (b) pyroelectricity
centres are created (c) photoelectric current (d) superconductivity
(b) Oxygen and electrons move out of the crystal and ions
Ans (b)
become yellow
2+ Sol pyroelectricty is a phenomenon when a crystal produced
(c) Zn again combine with oxygen to give yellow oxide
small amount of electricity on heating .
2+
(d) Zn are replaced by oxygen  58. Pure silicon and germanimum behave as
Ans. (a) (a) conductors (b) semiconductors
(c) insulators (d) piezoelectric crystals.
Sol. This phenomenon occurs in metal excess defect
Ans. (b)
 1
 Zn  O2  2e 
Zno  2
Sol. Ge and Si are intrinsic semi-conductors
2
59. Which substance acts as superconductor at 4 K?
moves into the interstitial site & F-entres are created
(a) Hg (c) Cu
which causes yellow color on heating.
(c) Na (d) Mg
Ans. (a)
Electrical and Magnetical Properties of Solids
Sol. Mercury acts as a super conductor at 4 K.
54. The substance which possesses zero resistance at zero
kelvin is called In 1911, H K Onnes studied this
(a) Conductor (b) Superconductor 60. A solid with high electrical and thermal conductivity from
the following is
(c) Insulator (d) Semiconductor.
(a) Si (b) Li
Ans. (b)
(c) NaCl (d) Ice
Sol. Substance, which has no resistance at zero kelvin, called
Ans. (b)
super-conductor.
Sol. Li being an alkali metal, it has high thermal and electrical
55. Which one among the following is an example of
ferroelectric substance? conductivity due the presence of an electron in the outer-
(a) Quartz (b) lead chromate most shell.
(c) Barium titanate (d) Rochelle salt. 61. Which substance shows antiferromagnetism?
Ans (c) (a) ZrO2 (b) CdO
Sol Piezoelectricity is when polar crystal is subjected to (c) CrO2 (d) Mn2O3
mechanical stress electricity is produced. Crystals with Ans. (d)
permanent dipoles are said to have ferro electricity that Sol. Antiferromagatism arises when net dipole alignment is zero
with zero are said to have antiferroelectricity.Small electric due to equal and opposite alignment eg. Mn2O3
current is produced due to heating of some of polar-crystal
is called pyroelectricity. CrO2  ferromagnetism
56. The electricity produced on applying stress on the crystals
is called
(a) Pyroelectricity (b) Piezoelectricity
 SOLID STATE 10

62. Crystals where dipoles may align themselves in an ordered

1
manner so that there is a net dipole moment, exhibit 2.7  6.023  66.43  = Z  27
10
(a) Pyro-electricity (b) Piezo-electricity
(c) Ferro-electricity (d) Antiferro-electricity 6.023  66.43
 = Z  Z = 4 ( fcc)
Ans (b) 100
Sol. Piezoelectricity is when polar crystal is subjected to 66. Copper crystallizes in face centred cubic structure. The
mechanical stress, electricity is produced. Crystals with
edge length of a unit cell is found to be 3.61108 cm.
permanent dipoles are said to have ferro electricity that
with zero are said to have antiferroelectricity. Small electric Calculate the density of copper it the molar mass of copper
current is produced due to heating of some of polar-crystal is 63.5 g m ol  1
is called pyroelectricity.
Sol. The number of atoms in the unit cell of a face centred
Numeric Type Questions
cubic structure is Z = 4
63. Sodium metal crystallizes as a body centred cubic lattice
with the cell edge 4.29Å. What is the radius of sodium ZM 4×63.5 g mol-1
Density of copper= =
atom. 3 3

Na 6.022×1023 mol-1× 3.61×10-8 cm 
3 3
Sol. for bcc r    4.29 1010 m
a 4 4×63.5 g
 Density of copper= 3
Atomic radius = 1.85 × 10-8 6.022× 3.61 ×1023 ×10-24 cm3
 Density of copper=8.96g/cm3
64. Potassium has a bcc structure with nearest neighbour
distance 4.52 Å. Its atomic weight is 39. Its density will be Ans: Density of copper is = 8 . 9 6 g / c m 3

Sol. In bcc. Nearest neighbour distance 67. How many lithium atoms are present in a unit cell with
–3
edge length 3.5 Å and density 0.53 gcm ? (Atomic mass
3 o 4.52  2 o
a = 4.52 A  a = A of Li = 6.94)
2 3
Sol. Let the no. of atoms in a unit cell be2.
= 5.23 10-8 cm Z .M
Then density =
N A .a 3
3a
In bcc  3a = 4r  r =
4 Z  6.94
0.53 = 
6.023  1023  (3.5 10-8 ) 3
4.52 3 o
r=  2 = 2.26 A
3 4 6.94  Z
0.53 =
6.023  42.875  10 23-24
Z .M 2  39
density = 3
= = 0.91 g / cm3
NA  a 6.023 1023 (5.23 10-8 ) 3 6.942 13.6865
136.864 = Z= =2
65. The unit cell of aluminum is a cube with an edge length of 10-1 6.94
–3
405 pm. The density of aluminium is 2.70 g cm . What is 68. An element with atomic mass 100 has a bcc structrue and
the structure of unit cell of aluminium? edge length 400 pm. The density of element is
Sol. z=2
Z .M Z  27 1
Sol. density =  2.7 =  for bcc
N A  a3 6.023  1023 (4.05 10-8 )3
Z .M
 2.7  6.023 1023  66.43  10-24 = Z  27 density =
N A .a 3
 11 SOLID STATE

2  100 4 M
d= 10 =
6.023  10  (400 10-10 )3
23 6.023 10 23  8  10 -24

4M 40 M
200 = =
d= 48  0.1 48
6.023  64  10 23 -24
48
200 M= = 12 g
= = 5.18 g / cm 3 4
38.5472
12 g = 6.023 1023 atoms
69. A unit cell of sodium chloride has four formula units. The
edge length of unit cell is 0.564 nm. What is the density of 6.023 10 23
100 g = 100 = 0.5 10 25 atoms
sodium chloride? 12
73. Experimentally it was found that a metal oxide has formula
M Z
Sol. density = 3 M0.98O. Mental M, present as M2+ and M3+ in its oxide.
a  NA
Fraction of the metal which exists as M3+ would be
a = 0.564 nm z=4 Sol. Let the fraction of metal which exists as M3+ be x.
N A = 6.023 1023 M = 58 Then the fraction of metal as M2+ = (0.98 - x)
3x + 2(0.98 - x) = 2
 2.16 g cm-3
x + 1.96 = 2
70. Lithium forms body-centred cubic structure. The length of
x = 0.04
the side of its unit cell is 351 pm. Atomic radius of the
lithium will be 0.04
 % of M3 +  100 = 4.08 %
0.98
Sol. a = 351 pm 74. A metal crystallises into a lattice containing a sequence of
For bcc unit cell a 3 = 4r layer as AB AB AB ....... . What percentage of voids are left
in the lattice?
a 3 351  3 Sol. Co-ordination no. = 12
r= = = 152 pm
4 4 Type of packing = hexagonal
71. Copper crystallises in fcc lattice with a unit cell edge of Space used = 74 %
361 pm. The radius of copper atom is
Space left = 100 - 74 = 26 %
Sol. Since Cu crystalizes in fcc lattice,
75. How many unit cells are present in a cube shaped ideal
So,Radius of Cu atom, crystal of NaCl of mass 1.00 g ?
a (Atomic mass : Na = 23, Cl = 35.5)
r= (a = edge length)
2 2 Sol. Mass (m) = density  volume = 1.00 g
Given, a = 361 pm Mol.wt (M) of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5
Number of unit cell present in a cube shaped crystal of
361
r =  128 pm NaCl of mass
2 2
72. The number of atoms in 100 g of an FCC crystal with density   a3  N A M  N A 1  6.023  1023
1.00 g = = =
–3
d = 10 g cm and cell edge as 200 pm is equal to M Z M Z 58.5  4
3 (In NaCl each unit cell has 4 NaCl units. Hence Z = 4).
Sol. Density = 10 g/cm
-10  Number of unit cells = 0.02573  1023
Cell edge = 200pm = 200 x 10 cm
= 2.57  1021 unit cells
Z .M 4 M
d= 3
=
NA .A 6.023  1023  (2  10-8 )3