18ECC205J – Analog and Digital

Communication
Course Credit : 4
Theory : 9 Hours

1. Singh. R. P & Sapre. S. D, “Communication Systems: Analog & Digital,” 3rd edition, McGrawHill Education,
Seventh Reprint, 2016.

2. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition, 2008
Course Outline
●1.
Analog
Modulation
●5.Spread Spectrum
●2.Radio
Techniques and
Transmitters and
Information theory
Receivers
Concepts
●ADC

●4. Passband Data ●3.Digital Modulation

Transmission System and Baseband
Detection 2
Unit 5 – Spread Spectrum Techniques and
Information theory Concepts
• Spread spectrum • OFDM Communication
Communications, • Measures of Information
• Frequency Hopping Spread • Source encoding, Shannon’s
Spectrum (FHSS) Channel capacity theorem
• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum • Shannon’s Channel capacity
(DSSS) theorem
• Code Division Multiple Access of
DSSS

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Spread Spectrum - Introduction

4
Spread Spectrum - Introduction

5
Spread Spectrum Communications

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General Model of SS System

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Spread Spectrum signal characteristics

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Types of Spread Spectrum

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● Pseudo noise sequences
● A (digital) code sequence that mimics the (second-order) statistical behavior of a
● white noise.

● A pseudo-noise sequence is generated by using several shift-registers and a

● feedback through combinational logic.

● Feedback shift register becomes “linear” if the feedback logic consists entirely of
● modulo-2 adders.

●PN Sequence generator ●Linear feedback shift register

 Contd…..
● A PN sequence generated by a (possibly non-linear) feedback shift register must
eventually become periodic with period at most 2m, where m is the number of shift
registers.

●A PN sequence generated by a linear feedback shift register must eventually become

periodic with period at most 2m - 1, where m is the number of shift registers.

● A PN sequence whose period reaches its maximum value is named the maximum-length
sequence or simply m-sequence.

●A maximum-length sequence generated from a linear shift register satisfies three

properties
● Balance property: The number of 1s is one more than that of 0s.
● Run property: (total number of runs = 2m-1) i.e., ½ of the runs is of length 1, ¼ of the runs is of
●length 2…..and so
● on. correlation property: The autocorrelation sequence of a maximum-length sequence is periodic.
The
Generating PN sequence with LFSR

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Generating PN sequence with LFSR

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Generating PN sequence with LFSR

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Generating PN sequence with LFSR

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Properties of PN Sequence

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Properties of PN Sequence

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Properties of PN Sequence

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Principle of DSSS

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DS-BPSK Transmitter

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DS-BPSK waveforms and Spectrum

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DS- BPSK Receiver

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DSSS
Advantages of DSSS Disadvantages of DSSS

Applications of DSSS

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Frequency Hopping SS

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FHSS Transmitter

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FHSS Transmitter

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FHSS - Example

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FHSS Receiver

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Slow and Fast FHSS

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Slow and Fast FHSS

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FHSS
Advantages of FHSS
Applications of FHSS

Disadvantages of FHSS

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